| Surfactants (2006) | |||||||||||||||
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| CONTENTS Surfactants Bjoern Thiele Introduction General Remarks Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Cationic Surfactants Sampling III Isolation and Enrichment Solid Phase Extraction Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Liquid Liquid Extraction Solvent Sublation Solid Liquid Extraction Determination Procedures Colorimetry Titrimetry Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Cationic Surfactants High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Cationic Surfactants Gas Chromatography Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Cationic Surfactants Supercritical Fluid Chromatography SFC Capillary Electrophoresis Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Cationic Surfactants Mass Spectrometry Anionic Surfactants Nonionic Surfactants Cationic Surfactants Infrared Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy NMR References Chromatographic Analysis the Environment INTRODUCTION Surfactants have amphiphilic structures consisting hydrophilic and hydrophobic part These special structures cause their surface active properties like concentration surfaces reduction the surface tension and formation micelles bulk solution Therefore they are widely used formulations for washing wetting emulsifying and dispersing Laundry detergents cleaning agents and personal care products are far the largest class surfactant containing products for domestic use After use they are mainly discharged into municipal wastewaters which enter sewage treatment plants T | |||||||||||||||
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