| Chlorine activation and chemical ozone loss deduced from HALOE and balloon measurements in the Arctic during the winter of 1999 - 2000 (2003) | |||||||||||||
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| JOURNAL GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH VOL doi Chlorine activation and chemical ozone loss deduced from HALOE and balloon measurements the Arctic during the winter Rolf Muller Simone Tilmes Jens Uwe Groo Daniel McKenna Melanie Muller Ulrich Schmidt Geoffrey Toon Robert Stachnik James Margitan James Elkins Johan Arvelius and James Russell III Received October revised March accepted April published November employ Halogen Occultation Experiment HALOE observations and balloonborne measurements the large Observations the Middle Stratosphere OMS and Triple balloons well two small balloons investigate ozone loss the stratospheric vortex the Arctic winter Using and long lived tracers identify chlorine activation and chemical ozone destruction the polar vortex Reference relations representative chemically undisturbed early vortex conditions are derived from the OMS remote and situ balloon measurements November and December respectively Deviations from this early vortex reference are interpreted chemical ozone loss and heterogeneous chlorine activation The observations show extensive activation chlorine late February the activation extends altitudes Between and chlorine was almost completely activated that time about the HCl column between and was converted active chlorine Furthermore the measurements indicate severe chemical ozone loss with maximum loss over the lower stratosphere mid March Substantial ozone loss was still observable vortex remnants late April Dobson units between and The aver | |||||||||||||
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