| Ó VSP 2003. Also available online- www.vsppub.com Psychophysical study of image orientation perception (2003) | |||||||||||||||||
Abstract | |||||||||||||||||
| Abstract—The experiment reported here investigates the perception of orientation of color photographic images. A collection of 1000 images (mix of professional photos and consumer snapshots) was used in this study. Each image was examined by at least � ve observers and shown at varying resolutions. At each resolution, observers were asked to indicate the image orientation, the level of con � dence, and the cues they used to make the decision. The results show that for typical images, accuracy is close to 98 % when using all available semantic cues from high-resolution images, and 84 % when using only low-level vision features and coarse semantics from thumbnails. The accuracy by human observers suggests an upper bound for the performance of an automatic system. In addition, the use of a large, carefully chosen image set that spans the ‘photo space ’ (in terms of occasions and subject matter) and extensive interaction with the human observers reveals cues used by humans at various image resolutions: sky and people are the most useful and reliable among a number of important semantic cues. | |||||||||||||||||
Publication details | |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||