CONRAD Task 5.2.1: Development, implementation and quality assurance of biokinetic models. (2009)
Noßke, D., Bailey, M.R., Balashazy, I., Berkovski, V., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., ...
Final Report of CONRAD Work Package 5 : Coordination of Research on Internal Dosimetry
Internal dosimetry: towards harmonisation and coordination of research (2008)
Lopez, M.A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C.M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, Christian, Marsh, J.W., ...
The CONRAD Project is a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme. The activities developed within CONRAD Work Package 5 (‘Coordination...
Marsh, J.W., Castellani, C.M., Hurtgen, Christian, Lopez, M.A., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., ...
The work of Task Group 5.1 (uncertainty studies and revision of IDEAS guidelines) and Task Group 5.5 (update of IDEAS databases) of the CONRAD project is described. Scattering factor (SF) values...
Internal dosimetry: towards harmonisation and coordination of research (2008)
Lopez, M. A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C. M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, C., Marsh, J. W., ...
The CONRAD Project is a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme. The activities developed within CONRAD Work Package 5 (‘Coordination...
Marsh, J. W., Castellani, C. M., Hurtgen, C., Lopez, M. A., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M. R., ...
The work of Task Group 5.1 (uncertainty studies and revision of IDEAS guidelines) and Task Group 5.5 (update of IDEAS databases) of the CONRAD project is described. Scattering factor (SF) values...
Development, implementation and quality assurance of biokinetic models within CONRAD (2008)
Noßke, D., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Breustedt, B., Giussani, A., Luciani, A., ...
The work of the Task Group 5.2 ‘Research Studies on Biokinetic Models’ of the CONRAD project is presented. New biokinetic models have been implemented by several European institutions. Quality...
A Monte Carlo method for calculating Bayesian uncertainties in internal dosimetry (2008)
This paper presents a novel Monte Carlo method (WeLMoS, Weighted Likelihood Monte-Carlo sampling method) that has been developed to perform Bayesian analyses of monitoring data. The WeLMoS method...
Marsh, J. W., Bessa, Y, Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Hofmann, W., Nosske, D., ...
The European project Alpha-Risk aims to quantify the cancer and non-cancer risks associated with multiple chronic radiation exposures by epidemiological studies, organ dose calculation and risk...
Coordination of research on internal dosimetry in Europe: the CONRAD project (2008)
Lopez, M. A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C. M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, C., Marsh, J. W., ...
Giussani, A., Nosske, D., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Breustedt, B., Luciani, A., ...
12th Internat.Congress of the Internat.Radiation Protection Association (IRPA 12), Buenos Aires, RA, October 19-24, 2008
Coordination of research on internal dosimetry in Europe: The CONRAD project. (2008)
Lopez, M.A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C.M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, C., Marsh, J.W., ...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 127(2008) S.311-16
Marsh, J.W., Blanchardon, E., Castellani, C.M., Desai, A.D., Dorrian, M.D., Hurtgen, C., ...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 127(2008) S.339-42
Internal dosimetry: towards harmonisation and coordination of research. (2008)
Lopez, M.A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C.M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, C., Marsh, J.W., ...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 131(2008) S.28-33
Marsh, J.W., Castellani, C.M., Hurtgen, C., Lopez, M.A., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., ...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 131(2008) S.34-39
Development, implementation and quality assurance of biokinetic models within CONRAD. (2008)
Nosske, D., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Breustedt, B., Giussani, A., Luciani, A., ...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 131(2008) S.40-45
Marsh, J.W., Blanchardon, E., Castellani, C.M., Desai, A.D., Dorrian, M-D., Hurtgen, Christian, ...
The IDEAS Guidelines for the assessment of internal doses from monitoring data suggest default measurement uncertainties (i.e. scattering factors, SFs) to be used for different types of monitoring...
Coordination of research on internal dosimetry in Europe : the CONRAD project (2007)
Lopez, M.A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C.M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, Christian, Marsh, J.W., ...
The EUropean RAdiation DOSimetry Group (EURADOS) initiated in 2005 the CONRAD Project, a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission (EC), within the 6th Framework...
Hurtgen, Christian, Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Berkovski, V., ...
As part of the EU Fifth Framework Programme IDEAS project ‘General Guidelines for the Evaluation of Incorporation Monitoring Data’, and in collaboration with the International Atomic Energy...
Hurtgen, Christian, Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Berkovski, V., ...
As part of the EU Fifth Framework Programme IDEAS project ‘General Guidelines for the Evaluation of Incorporation Monitoring Data’, and in collaboration with the International Atomic Energy...
Coordination of research on internal dosimetry in Europe: the CONRAD project (2007)
Lopez, M.A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C.M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, Christian, Marsh, J.W., ...
The EUropean RAdiation DOSimetry Group (EURADOS) initiated in 2005 the CONRAD Project, a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission (EC), within the 6th Framework...
Marsh, J.W., Blanchardon, E., Castellani, C.M., Desai, A.D., Dorrian, M-D., Hurtgen, Christian, ...
The IDEAS Guidelines for the assessment of internal doses from monitoring data suggest default measurement uncertainties (i.e. scattering factors, SFs) to be used for different types of monitoring...
Coordination of research on internal dosimetry in Europe: the CONRAD project (2007)
Lopez, M. A., Etherington, G., Castellani, C. M., Franck, D., Hurtgen, C., Marsh, J. W., ...
The EUropean RAdiation DOSimetry Group (EURADOS) initiated in 2005 the CONRAD Project, a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission (EC), within the 6th Framework...
Hurtgen, C., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M. R., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Berkovski, V., ...
As part of the EU Fifth Framework Programme IDEAS project ‘General Guidelines for the Evaluation of Incorporation Monitoring Data’, and in collaboration with the International Atomic Energy...
Marsh, J. W., Blanchardon, E., Castellani, C. M., Desai, A. D., Dorrian, M-D., Hurtgen, C., ...
The IDEAS Guidelines for the assessment of internal doses from monitoring data suggest default measurement uncertainties (i.e. scattering factors, SFs) to be used for different types of monitoring...
Avoiding biased estimates of dose when nothing is known about the time of intake (2007)
Birchall, A., Puncher, M., Marsh, J. W.
A common problem in internal dosimetry occurs in routine monitoring, when it is required to estimate an intake from a measurement made at the end of a monitoring interval, and the time of intake is...
Puncher, M., Birchall, A., Marsh, J. W.
Project IDEAS has produced guidelines for internal dose assessment. An integral part of this process is assessing the goodness of fit of biokinetic models to bioassay data. It is recommended that a...
Romanov, S. A., Guilmette, R. A., Khokhryakov, V. F., Phipps, A., Aladova, E. E., Bertelli, L., ...
Several approaches are available for bioassay interpretation when assigning Pu doses to Mayak workers. First, a conventional approach is to apply ICRP models per se. An alternative method involves...
Estimating uncertainty on internal dose assessments (2007)
The estimation of uncertainty on doses broadly falls into three categories. (1) Estimating the uncertainty on prospective doses. Here, the intake is known and the uncertainties in individual...
The work of the CONRAD task group 5.2: research studies on biokinetic models (2007)
Noßke, D., Berkovski, V., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Cantone, M. C., Davis, K., ...
The objective of this Task Group is the coordination of research studies on biokinetic models and the evaluation of the implications of new biokinetic models on dose assessment and safety standards....
IMBA Professional Plus: a flexible approach to internal dosimetry (2007)
Birchall, A., Puncher, M., Marsh, J. W., Davis, K., Bailey, M. R., Jarvis, N. S., ...
IMBA (Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis) is a suite of software modules that implement the current ICRP biokinetic and dosimetric models for estimation of intakes and doses. The IMBA modules...
Hurtgen, C., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., Birchall, A., Blanchardon, E., Berkovski, V., ...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 127(2007) S.317-20
Puncher, M., Marsh, J. W., Birchall, A.
A common problem in internal dosimetry occurs in routine monitoring, when it is required to estimate an intake from a measurement made at the end of a monitoring interval, and the time of intake is...
Puncher, M., Marsh, J. W., Birchall, A.
A common problem in internal dosimetry occurs in routine monitoring, when it is required to estimate an intake from a measurement made at the end of a monitoring interval, and the time of intake is...
Uncertainties in doses from intakes of radionuclides assessed from monitoring measurements (2006)
Etherington, G, Birchall, A, Puncher, M, Molokanov, A, Blanchardon, E
The evaluation of uncertainties in doses from intakes of radionuclides is one of the most difficult problems in internal dosimetry. In this paper, the process of assessing internal doses from...
The ICRP working party on bioassay interpretation (2003)
A. Fry, F., L. Lipsztein, J., Birchall, A.
In recent years there have been many developments in modelling the behaviour of radionuclides in the human body. The current generation of models are designed to be more 'realistic' than the previous...
Review of methods and computer codes for interpretation of bioassay data (2003)
Ansoborlo, E., Bérard, P., Eckermann, K., Berkovski, V., Birchall, A., Fry, F., ...
Internal dose determination is an essential component of individual monitoring programmes for workers or members of the public exposed to radionuclides, and methods and computer programs are required...
IMBA expert(r): Internal dosimetry made simple (2003)
Birchall, A., Puncher, M., C. James, A., W. Marsh, J., S. Jarvis, N., S. Peace, M., ...
In 1997, a collaboration between British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL), Westlakes Research Institute and NRPB started, with the aim of producing IMBA (Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis), a suite of...
UK laboratory intercomparison on internal dosimetry (2003)
Speed, J., Birchall, A., Bull, R., Cockerill, R., S. Jarvis, N., W. Marsh, J., ...
A laboratory intercomparison for internal dose assessment from a variety of intake scenarios is described. This is the first UK intercomparison using the revised ICRP Human Respiratory Tract and...
Butterweck, G., Schuler, Ch., Vessù, G., Müller, R., W. Marsh, J., Thrift, S., ...
An exposure methodology was developed for the determination of the absorption rate of unattached radon progeny deposited in the human respiratory tract to blood. Twenty-one volunteers were exposed in...
W. Marsh, J., Birchall, A., Butterweck, G., Huet, C., Ortega, X., ...
A parameter uncertainty analysis has been performed to derive the probability distribution of the weighted equivalent dose to lung for an adult (wlung Hlung) per unit exposure to radon progeny in the...
In vivo Measurement of Unattached Radon Progeny Deposited in the Human Respiratory Tract (2001)
Butterweck, G., Vezzù, G., Schuler, Ch., Müller, R., Marsh, J.W., Thrift, S., ...
Seven nose breathing and seven mouth breathing volunteers were exposed to atmospheres enriched with unattached radon progeny (218Po, 214Pb and 214Bi). The activity of these radionuclides deposited in...
A sensitivity analysis has been performed to identify those ICRP Publication 66 Human Respiratory Tract Model parameters which significantly affect the lung dose arising from the inhalation of radon...
Doerfel, H., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., Birchall, A., Castellani, C.M., Hurtgen, C., ...
Wissenschaftliche Berichte, FZKA-6457 (April 2000)
Database on radionuclides in workplaces. Version 2.0. (2000)
Hurtgen, C., Andrasi, A., Bailey, M.R., Birchall, A., Castellani, C.M., Doerfel, H., ...
BLG-839 (2000)
Abstract not yet posted on web site
The normal range for inter-arm differences in blood pressure (1999)
Orme, S, Ralph, SG, Birchall, A, Lawson-Matthew, P, McLean, K, Channer, KS
The ICRP Publication 66 Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM) treats clearance as a competitive process between absorption into blood and particle transport to the gastrointestinal tract and...
The IMBA Suite: Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis (1998)
Birchall, A., Jarvis, N.S., Peace, M.S., Riddell, A.E., Battersby, W.P.
The increasing complexity of models representing the biokinetic behaviour of radionuclides in the body following intake poses problems for people who are required to implement these models. The...
Espinosa, A., Aragon, A., Stradling, N., Hodgson, A., Birchall, A.
The doses to adults in Palomares resulting from an aviation accident in 1966 are reappraised. For this purpose, site- and material-specific data on airborne contamination and the absorption...
Ansorbolo, E., Hodgson, A., Stradling, G.N., Hodgson, S., Métivier, H., Hengé-Napoli, M.H., ...
A pilot enrichment facility developed in France employs laser technology. The development of this process has resulted in three different types of aerosols identified as variable mixtures of Umetal +...
Effect of Uncertainty in Nasal Airway Deposition of Radioactive Particles on Effective Dose (1998)
Guilmette, R.A., Birchall, A., Jarvis, N.S.
In the current ICRP human respiratory tract (RT) model (ICRP Publication 66), the deposition of particles in various regions of the RT during natural breathing is modelled by considering the RT as a...
Implications of Assuming a Realistic Intake Regime for Chronic Exposure to Airborne Uranium (1998)
Birchall, A., Hodgson, A., Moody, J.C.
In assessing intakes and doses from inhalation exposures, the usual approximation made is that of a continuous constant chronic intake of 24 hours per day, 7 days a week. The effect of assuming a...
New ICRP Lung Dosimetry and its Risk Implications for Alpha Emitters (1995)
This paper follows on from Dr Bair's description of the new ICRP lung model, by illustrating its practical application to the calculation of dose coefficients for different forms of long-lived,...
The International Commission on Radiological Protection has recently endorsed a new model of the human respiratory tract. This model has been used to calculate the effective dose per unit exposure to...
Estimation of Uptake from Censored Urine Excretion Data (1994)
The estimation of radionuclide uptake often involves consideration of measurements of urine excretion which may include some values reported as below the limit of detection (LOD). Data sets which...
LUDEP 1.0, A Personal Computer Program to Implement the New ICRP Respiratory Tract Model (1994)
The International Commission on Radiological Protection has recently approved a new model of the human respiratory tract. This model has been designed to represent realistically the deposition and...
IDA - A Knowledge-Based System for Internal Dose Assessment (1994)
Baker, D.M., Bull, R.K., Birchall, A.
In assessing intakes of radioactivity, bioassay and in vivo retention, experimental data must be compared with biokinetic model predictions. The choice of model parameters and weighting of data from...
The ICRP Task Group on Human Respiratory Tract Models for Radiological Protection has developed a revised dosimetric model for the respiratory tract. Papers outlining the model, and describing each...
Gibson, J.A.B., Birchall, A., Bull, R.K., Heinrichs, K., Iranzo, E., Lord, D.J., ...
An interlaboratory comparison for the assessment of intakes of 137Cs, 90Sr, 32P, and various actinides is described. Nine laboratories participated and used five actual cases provided by the...
Laboratory Intercomparisons on Internal Dosimetry - Part II (1992)
Ramsden, D., Birchall, A., Bull, R, Foster, P.P., Hutton, C.F., Gibson, J.A.B., ...
Eight UK laboratories participated in estimating internal doses for tritium, uranium, cobalt and plutonium. The estimates were made on real, albeit disguised data sets of urine excretion levels...
Dosimetry Model for Bronchial and Extrathoracic Tissues of the Respiratory Tract (1991)
James, A.C., Gehr, P., Masse, R., Cuddihy, R.G., Cross, F.T., Birchall, A., ...
The Task Group to Review the Lung Model for the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is proposing to revise the dosimetry model for the respiratory tract on the basis of the...
Respiratory Tract Clearance Model for Dosimetry and Bioassay of Inhaled Radionuclides (1991)
Bailey, M.R., Birchall, A., Cuddihy, R.G., James, A.C., Roy, M.
The ICRP Task Group on Respiratory Tract Models is developing a model to describe the retention and clearance of deposited radionuclides for dose-intake calculations and interpretation of bioassay...
LUDEP: A Lung Dose Evaluation Program (1991)
Birchall, A., Bailey, M.R., James, A.C.
A Task Group of the ICRP is currently reviewing its dosimetric model for the respiratory tract with the aim of producing a more comprehensive and realistic model that can be used both for dosimetry...
Adequacy of Personal Air Samplers for Monitoring Plutonium Intakes (1991)
Birchall, A., James, A.C., Muirhead, C.R.
When personal air samplers (PAS) are used to estimate plutonium intakes, the number of particles collected is often small, and substantial errors in the estimate can arise from random statistical...
Ramsden, D., Birchall, A., Bull, R.K., Foster, P.P., Gibson, J.A.B., Strong, R., ...
An interlaboratory comparison exercise for estimating systemic uptakes of plutonium is described. Six laboratories participated and four different cases were compared. The data were restricted to...
Progress in Lung Modelling by the ICRP Task Group (1989)
The Task Group has reviewed the data on: (a) morphology and physiology of the human respiratory tract; (b) inspirability of aerosols and their deposition in anatomical regions as functions of...
Steeds, R, Birchall, A, Smith, M, Channer, K
OBJECTIVE—To compare sotalol and atenolol in the treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. DESIGN—Prospective, randomised, open label, crossover study. SETTING—University...