Dorigo, O, Gil, J S, Gallaher, S D, Tan, B T, Castro, M G, Lowenstein, P R, ...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episomes are stably maintained in permissive proliferating cell lines due to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) protein-mediated replication and segregation. Previous studies...
Transcription control by E1A and MAP kinase pathway via Sur2 mediator subunit (2002)
Stevens, J. L., Cantin, G. T., Wang, G., Shevchenko, A., Berk, A. J.
Sur2 is a metazoan Mediator subunit that interacts with the adenovirus E1A protein and functions in a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway required for vulva development in Caenorhabditis...
Harada, J. N., Shevchenko, A., Pallas, D. C., Berk, A. J.
During the early phase of infection, the E1B-55K protein of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) counters the E1A-induced stabilization of p53, whereas in the late phase, E1B-55K modulates the preferential...
Martinez, E, Zhou, Q, L'Etoile, N D, Oelgeschläger, T, Berk, A J, Roeder, R G
In conjunction with other general initiation factors, the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) can direct basal transcription by RNA polymerase II from TATA-containing promoters, but its stable interaction...
Human transcription factor IIIC box B binding subunit.
L'Etoile, N D, Fahnestock, M L, Shen, Y, Aebersold, R, Berk, A J
Transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is a multisubunit basic TF for RNA polymerase III. It initiates transcription complex assembly on tRNA and related genes by binding to the internal box B promoter...
Geisberg, J V, Lee, W S, Berk, A J, Ricciardi, R P
The 289R E1A protein of adenovirus transactivates a variety of viral and cellular promoters through protein-protein interactions. In earlier studies, mutational analyses of the E1A transactivating...
Smale, S T, Schmidt, M C, Berk, A J, Baltimore, D
Transcription of mammalian genes by RNA polymerase II often begins at a specific nucleotide, whose location is determined either by an upstream DNA element known as a TATA box or by an element...
Kobayashi, N, Boyer, T G, Berk, A J
TFIIA is a general transcription factor that interacts with the TFIID-promoter complex required for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Two lines of evidence suggest that TFIIA is directly...
Reversal of in vitro p53 squelching by both TFIIB and TFIID.
p53, the protein encoded by one of the most significant human tumor suppressor genes, is a sequence-specific transcriptional activator. When activated by a double-stranded DNA break, p53 function...
Shen, Y, Igo, M, Yalamanchili, P, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
Transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor that binds the B-box internal promotor element of tRNA genes and the complex of TFIIIA with a 5S rRNA gene....
In mammalian and Drosophila cells, the central RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIID is a multisubunit complex containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors...
The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) is active during both the early and late phases of infection. During the early phase the activity of the MLP is similar to those of the other early viral...
The Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 immediate-early gene encodes a transcriptional activator protein, Zta, which acts as a key regulatory switch in the transition between the latent and lytic viral life...
Multiple transcription factor binding sites mediate adenovirus E1A transactivation.
We studied the response of simple synthetic promoter regions to transactivation by the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) protein. Binding sites for one or two host cell transcription factors were...
Genetic mapping of a major site of phosphorylation in adenovirus type 2 E1A proteins.
Tsukamoto, A S, Ponticelli, A, Berk, A J, Gaynor, R B
Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) encodes two acidic phosphoproteins which are required for transactivation of viral transcription, efficient viral DNA replication in phase G0-arrested human cells,...
An immunodominant domain in adenovirus type 2 early region 1A proteins.
Tsukamoto, A S, Ferguson, B, Rosenberg, M, Weissman, I L, Berk, A J
Six independent rat hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to human subgroup C adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) proteins were isolated. Competition binding experiments revealed that...
Rapid intracellular turnover of adenovirus 5 early region 1A proteins.
The half-life of the adenovirus 5 early region 1A (E1A) proteins was examined in productively infected and transformed cells. In HeLa cells infected with adenovirus 5, the half-life of the E1A...
Spindler, K R, Eng, C Y, Berk, A J
Two closely related adenovirus early region 1A proteins are expressed in transformed cells. The smaller of these, which is 243 amino acids in length, is required for the transformation of primary rat...
Spindler, K R, Rosser, D S, Berk, A J
Plasmid vectors were constructed which expressed three adenovirus tumor antigens fused to a portion of the trpE protein of Escherichia coli. Insertion of adenovirus type 2 DNA from early region 1A...
Translation efficiency of adenovirus early region 1A mRNAs deleted in the 5' untranslated region.
Adenovirus deletion mutants were studied to examine the influence of the 5' untranslated sequence on the translation of early region 1A mRNAs. Alterations of the 5' untranslated sequence, including...
Enhanced expression of adenovirus transforming proteins.
Gaynor, R B, Tsukamoto, A, Montell, C, Berk, A J
Proteins encoded in regions EIA and EIB of human adenoviruses cause transformation of rodent cells. One protein from EIA also stimulates transcription of other early regions at early times in a...
Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) is the first transcription unit expressed after infection. It encodes a protein which controls the expression of all other early viral genes. The E1A mRNAs have one...
Yeast TATA-box transcription factor gene.
Schmidt, M C, Kao, C C, Pei, R, Berk, A J
The first step in the transcription of most protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes is the binding of a transcription factor to the TATA-box promoter element. This TATA-box transcription factor was...
Resolution of human transcription factor TFIIIC into two functional components.
Yoshinaga, S K, Boulanger, P A, Berk, A J
tRNA genes and adenovirus viral-associated (VA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Transcription of these genes in vitro requires two protein fractions containing transcription factors...
Recently, it has been shown that mammalian transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) activity can be separated by anion exchange FPLC chromatography into two functional components (1), both of which are...
Elimination of mRNA splicing by a point mutation outside the conserved GU at 5' splice sites.
Nearly all mRNA introns begin with the dinucleotide GU. Mutations in either of these virtually invariant bases have been found to inactivate the corresponding 5' splice site. Until now single base...
Osborne, T F, Schell, R E, Burch-Jaffe, E, Berget, S J, Berk, A J
This study defines a DNA sequence upstream from the mRNA cap site required for in vivo expression of the adenovirus 2 pre-early region. The adenovirus 2 pre-early region and flanking sequences were...
Adenovirus terminal protein protects single stranded DNA from digestion by a cellular exonuclease.
Dunsworth-Browne, M, Schell, R E, Berk, A J
Adenovirus 5 DNA-protein complex is isolated from virions as a duplex DNA molecule covalently attached by the 5' termini of each strand to virion protein of unknown function. The DNA-protein complex...
A DNA-binding domain of human transcription factor IIIC2.
Boulanger, P A, L'Etoile, N D, Berk, A J
Transcription factor IIIC2 is required for in vitro transcription of the adenovirus 2 VA1 gene and binds with high affinity to its B-box promoter element which is an 18 bp perfect inverted repeat....
Gaynor, R B, Hillman, D, Berk, A J
Transcription from all early adenovirus promoters is stimulated by a 289 amino acid phosphoprotein encoded in the pre-early transcription unit E1A. To determine if this protein could act on a...
Direct cleavage of human TATA-binding protein by poliovirus protease 3C in vivo and in vitro.
Clark, M E, Lieberman, P M, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
Host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription is inhibited by poliovirus infection. This inhibition is correlated to a specific decrease in the activity of a chromatographic fraction...
Liu, X, Miller, C W, Koeffler, P H, Berk, A J
Antioncogene product p53 is a transcriptional transactivator. To investigate how p53 stimulates transcription, we examined the interaction of p53 with general transcription factors in vitro. We found...
Sp1 activates transcription without enhancing DNA-binding activity of the TATA box factor.
Schmidt, M C, Zhou, Q, Berk, A J
We have studied the interactions of the Sp1 and IID transcription factors with a simple RNA polymerase II promoter. The adenovirus E1B core promoter consists essentially of a GC box and a TATA box,...
Leong, K, Brunet, L, Berk, A J
Extracts of adenovirus-infected HeLa cells have 5- to 10-fold-higher activity for transcription from the major late promoter in vitro than do extracts of mock-infected or E1A mutant-infected cells...
Ordering promoter binding of class III transcription factors TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2.
The separation of the mammalian class III transcription factor TFIIIC into two functional components, termed TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2, enabled an analysis of their functions in transcription initiation....
Fradkin, L G, Yoshinaga, S K, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
Transcription factor TFIIIC2 derived from human cells is required for tRNA-type gene transcription and binds with high affinity to the essential B-box promoter element of tRNA-type genes. Although 5S...
Concentration dependence of transcriptional transactivation in inducible E1A-containing human cells.
The adenovirus E1A proteins are essential for the normal temporal activation of transcription from every other adenoviral early promoter. High-level E1A expression in the absence of viral infection...
Fradkin, L G, Yoshinaga, S K, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
The inhibition of transcription by RNA polymerase III in poliovirus-infected cells was studied. Experiments utilizing two different cell lines showed that the initiation step of transcription by RNA...
Control of adenovirus E1B mRNA synthesis by a shift in the activities of RNA splice sites.
Montell, C, Fisher, E F, Caruthers, M H, Berk, A J
The primary transcript from adenovirus 2 early region 1B (E1B) is processed by differential RNA splicing into two overlapping mRNAs, 13S and 22S. The 22S mRNA is the major E1B mRNA during the early...
Transcription control region within the protein-coding portion of adenovirus E1A genes.
Osborne, T F, Arvidson, D N, Tyau, E S, Dunsworth-Browne, M, Berk, A J
A single-base deletion within the protein-coding region of the adenovirus type 5 early region 1A (E1A) genes, 399 bases downstream from the transcription start site, depresses transcription to 2% of...
Protein encoded by adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) stimulates transcription from adenovirus promoters in vivo. Here we show that this effect can be observed in vitro. In a run-off transcription...
Fradkin, L G, Leong, K, Morrow, C D, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
A sensitive assay for detection of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has been developed. This assay depends on the ability of polymerase II to elongate a small RNA primer, oligo(U), hybridized to a...
Zhou, Q A, Schmidt, M C, Berk, A J
TFIID binds to TATA boxes and initiates the assembly of general transcription factors and pol II on promoters. TFIID proteins from various species consist of a highly conserved carboxy terminal...
Affinity purification of transcription factor IIA from HeLa cell nuclear extracts.
Usuda, Y, Kubota, A, Berk, A J, Handa, H
One of the general transcription factors, TFIIA, was purified to homogeneity from HeLa cell nuclear extracts by yeast TFIID affinity chromatography. Human TFIIA had a molecular weight of...
Yoshinaga, S, Dean, N, Han, M, Berk, A J
Human cells expressing adenovirus E1A proteins transcribe transfected tRNA and adenovirus VAI genes at greater than 10-fold higher levels than uninfected HeLa cells. Here we show that the increased...
Lieberman, P M, Schmidt, M C, Kao, C C, Berk, A J
Transcription factor IID from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YIID) binds the TATA box element present in most RNA polymerase II promoters. In this work, partial proteolysis was used as a biochemical probe...
Martinez, E, Zhou, Q, L'Etoile, N D, Oelgeschläger, T, Berk, A J, Roeder, R G
In conjunction with other general initiation factors, the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) can direct basal transcription by RNA polymerase II from TATA-containing promoters, but its stable interaction...
Human transcription factor IIIC box B binding subunit.
L'Etoile, N D, Fahnestock, M L, Shen, Y, Aebersold, R, Berk, A J
Transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is a multisubunit basic TF for RNA polymerase III. It initiates transcription complex assembly on tRNA and related genes by binding to the internal box B promoter...
Geisberg, J V, Lee, W S, Berk, A J, Ricciardi, R P
The 289R E1A protein of adenovirus transactivates a variety of viral and cellular promoters through protein-protein interactions. In earlier studies, mutational analyses of the E1A transactivating...
Smale, S T, Schmidt, M C, Berk, A J, Baltimore, D
Transcription of mammalian genes by RNA polymerase II often begins at a specific nucleotide, whose location is determined either by an upstream DNA element known as a TATA box or by an element...
Kobayashi, N, Boyer, T G, Berk, A J
TFIIA is a general transcription factor that interacts with the TFIID-promoter complex required for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Two lines of evidence suggest that TFIIA is directly...
Reversal of in vitro p53 squelching by both TFIIB and TFIID.
p53, the protein encoded by one of the most significant human tumor suppressor genes, is a sequence-specific transcriptional activator. When activated by a double-stranded DNA break, p53 function...
Shen, Y, Igo, M, Yalamanchili, P, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
Transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor that binds the B-box internal promotor element of tRNA genes and the complex of TFIIIA with a 5S rRNA gene....
In mammalian and Drosophila cells, the central RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIID is a multisubunit complex containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors...
The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) is active during both the early and late phases of infection. During the early phase the activity of the MLP is similar to those of the other early viral...
The Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 immediate-early gene encodes a transcriptional activator protein, Zta, which acts as a key regulatory switch in the transition between the latent and lytic viral life...
Multiple transcription factor binding sites mediate adenovirus E1A transactivation.
We studied the response of simple synthetic promoter regions to transactivation by the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) protein. Binding sites for one or two host cell transcription factors were...
Genetic mapping of a major site of phosphorylation in adenovirus type 2 E1A proteins.
Tsukamoto, A S, Ponticelli, A, Berk, A J, Gaynor, R B
Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) encodes two acidic phosphoproteins which are required for transactivation of viral transcription, efficient viral DNA replication in phase G0-arrested human cells,...
An immunodominant domain in adenovirus type 2 early region 1A proteins.
Tsukamoto, A S, Ferguson, B, Rosenberg, M, Weissman, I L, Berk, A J
Six independent rat hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to human subgroup C adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) proteins were isolated. Competition binding experiments revealed that...
Rapid intracellular turnover of adenovirus 5 early region 1A proteins.
The half-life of the adenovirus 5 early region 1A (E1A) proteins was examined in productively infected and transformed cells. In HeLa cells infected with adenovirus 5, the half-life of the E1A...
Spindler, K R, Eng, C Y, Berk, A J
Two closely related adenovirus early region 1A proteins are expressed in transformed cells. The smaller of these, which is 243 amino acids in length, is required for the transformation of primary rat...
Spindler, K R, Rosser, D S, Berk, A J
Plasmid vectors were constructed which expressed three adenovirus tumor antigens fused to a portion of the trpE protein of Escherichia coli. Insertion of adenovirus type 2 DNA from early region 1A...
Translation efficiency of adenovirus early region 1A mRNAs deleted in the 5' untranslated region.
Adenovirus deletion mutants were studied to examine the influence of the 5' untranslated sequence on the translation of early region 1A mRNAs. Alterations of the 5' untranslated sequence, including...
Enhanced expression of adenovirus transforming proteins.
Gaynor, R B, Tsukamoto, A, Montell, C, Berk, A J
Proteins encoded in regions EIA and EIB of human adenoviruses cause transformation of rodent cells. One protein from EIA also stimulates transcription of other early regions at early times in a...
Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) is the first transcription unit expressed after infection. It encodes a protein which controls the expression of all other early viral genes. The E1A mRNAs have one...
Yeast TATA-box transcription factor gene.
Schmidt, M C, Kao, C C, Pei, R, Berk, A J
The first step in the transcription of most protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes is the binding of a transcription factor to the TATA-box promoter element. This TATA-box transcription factor was...
Resolution of human transcription factor TFIIIC into two functional components.
Yoshinaga, S K, Boulanger, P A, Berk, A J
tRNA genes and adenovirus viral-associated (VA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Transcription of these genes in vitro requires two protein fractions containing transcription factors...
Recently, it has been shown that mammalian transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) activity can be separated by anion exchange FPLC chromatography into two functional components (1), both of which are...
Elimination of mRNA splicing by a point mutation outside the conserved GU at 5' splice sites.
Nearly all mRNA introns begin with the dinucleotide GU. Mutations in either of these virtually invariant bases have been found to inactivate the corresponding 5' splice site. Until now single base...
Osborne, T F, Schell, R E, Burch-Jaffe, E, Berget, S J, Berk, A J
This study defines a DNA sequence upstream from the mRNA cap site required for in vivo expression of the adenovirus 2 pre-early region. The adenovirus 2 pre-early region and flanking sequences were...
Adenovirus terminal protein protects single stranded DNA from digestion by a cellular exonuclease.
Dunsworth-Browne, M, Schell, R E, Berk, A J
Adenovirus 5 DNA-protein complex is isolated from virions as a duplex DNA molecule covalently attached by the 5' termini of each strand to virion protein of unknown function. The DNA-protein complex...
A DNA-binding domain of human transcription factor IIIC2.
Boulanger, P A, L'Etoile, N D, Berk, A J
Transcription factor IIIC2 is required for in vitro transcription of the adenovirus 2 VA1 gene and binds with high affinity to its B-box promoter element which is an 18 bp perfect inverted repeat....
Gaynor, R B, Hillman, D, Berk, A J
Transcription from all early adenovirus promoters is stimulated by a 289 amino acid phosphoprotein encoded in the pre-early transcription unit E1A. To determine if this protein could act on a...
Direct cleavage of human TATA-binding protein by poliovirus protease 3C in vivo and in vitro.
Clark, M E, Lieberman, P M, Berk, A J, Dasgupta, A
Host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription is inhibited by poliovirus infection. This inhibition is correlated to a specific decrease in the activity of a chromatographic fraction...