A. L. Demain

Publication List Details

Period

1986 - 1986

Number

103

Co-Authors

The anchorage function of CipA (CelL), a scaffolding protein of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome.

Kruus, K, Lua, A C, Demain, A L, Wu, J H

Enzymatic cellulose degradation is a heterogeneous reaction requiring binding of soluble cellulase molecules to the solid substrate. Based on our studies of the cellulase complex of Clostridium...

Effect of simulated microgravity and shear stress on microcin B17 production by Escherichia coli and on its excretion into the medium.

Fang, A, Pierson, D L, Koenig, D W, Mishra, S K, Demain, A L

Production of the antibacterial polypeptide microcin B17 (MccB17) by Escherichia coli ZK650 was inhibited by simulated microgravity. The site of MccB17 accumulation was found to be different,...

Improved Procedure for Production of Cytochalasin E and Tremorgenic Mycotoxins by Aspergillus clavatus

Demain, A. L., Hunt, N. A., Malik, V., Kobbe, B., Hawkins, H., Matsuo, K., ...

This report describes an improved procedure for production of cytochalasin E and tremorgens by solid substrate, agitated fermentation of Aspergillus clavatus on pearled barley.

Effect of norleucine on mycelial fragmentation in Cephalosporium acremonium.

Drew, S W, Winstanley, D J, Demain, A L

DL-Norleucine, which is known to replace methionine for stimulation of cephalosporin C formation, also mimics methionine's effect on arthrospore formation. Thus, hyphal fragmentation, like antibiotic...

Production and antibacterial activity of malforming C, a toxic metabolite of Aspergillus niger.

Kobbe, B, Cushman, M, Wogan, G N, Demain, A L

The production of the new mycotoxin malformin C by a solid substrate fermentation is described. Malformin C is highly toxic (mean lethal dose = 0.9 mg/kg) and exerts antibacterial activity against a...

Arginine regulation of gramicidin S biosynthesis.

Poirier, A, Demain, A L

Several amino acids are known to affect the gramicidin S producer Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 with respect ot growth, soluble gramicidin S synthetase formation, antibiotic production, or a combination...

Subcellulosome preparation with high cellulase activity from Clostridium thermocellum.

Kobayashi, T, Romaniec, M P, Fauth, U, Demain, A L

We have prepared a much simpler cellulase preparation than that of cellulosomes from the extracellular broth of Clostridium thermocellum. This "subcellulosome" preparation from C. thermocellum was...

Cloning of a Streptomyces clavuligerus DNA fragment encoding the cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase and its expression in Streptomyces lividans.

Xiao, X, Hintermann, G, Häusler, A, Barker, P J, Foor, F, Demain, A L, ...

A 26-mer DNA probe was designed from N-terminal sequence data for the cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CH) of Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL 3585 and used to screen a DNA library from this...

Efficient plasmid transformation of the beta-lactam producer Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Garcia-Dominguez, M, Martin, J F, Mahro, B, Demain, A L, Liras, P

The conditions for optimal formation and regeneration of protoplasts of Streptomyces clavuligerus were established. The optimal temperature for regeneration of protoplasts and for transformation was...

Synthesis of bacilysin by Bacillus subtilis branches from prephenate of the aromatic amino acid pathway.

Hilton, M D, Alaeddinoglu, N G, Demain, A L

Previously characterized mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 were analyzed for the accumulation of the antibiotic bacilysin in culture broths and for the presence of bacilysin synthetase in cell...

Bacillus subtilis mutant deficient in the ability to produce the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin: isolation and mapping of the mutation.

Hilton, M D, Alaeddinoglu, N G, Demain, A L

A Bacillus subtilis mutant which carries a lesion in a gene specific to the synthesis of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin was isolated. A derivative strain in which transposon Tn917 had inserted...

Germination-initiated spores of Bacillus brevis Nagano retain their resistance properties.

Daher, E, Rosenberg, E, Demain, A L

Initiated spores and vegetative cells of the gramicidin S-producing Bacillus brevis Nagano were compared with respect to their resistance to various forms of stress (osmotic shock-starvation,...

Cleavage of adenosine 5'-monophosphate during uptake by Streptomyces griseus.

Martin, J F, Demain, A L

Unlabeled adenine brought about a (delayed) decrease in radioactivity that had been taken up by phosphate-limited resting cells of Streptomyces griseus from [14C]adenine-labeled adenosine...

Oxygen-dependent inactivation of gramicidin S synthetase in Bacillus brevis.

Friebel, T E, Demain, A L

Incorporation of L-[14C]ornithine into gramicidin S by crude, unfractionated lysozyme extracts of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 was shown to represent the activity of the gramicidin synthetase complex....

Effects of lysine analogs on Penicillium chrysogenum.

Friedrich, C G, Demain, A L

Compounds structurally related to lysine were tested against Penicillium chrysogenum Wis. 54-1255 for inhibition of growth, sporulation, and penicillin formation. This strain is relatively resistant...

Tryptophan excretion by a bradytroph of Hansenula polymorpha growing in methanol.

Sanchez, S, Demain, A L

The growth of a bradytrophic mutant isolated from the methanol-utilizing yeast Hansenula polymorpha was found to be stimulated by both tyrosine and phenylalanine. The mutant contained about half as...

Production of luteoskyrin and isolation of a new metabolite, pibasterol, from Penicillium islandicum Sopp.

Ghosh, A C, Manmade, A, Kobbe, B, Townsend, J M, Demain, A L

Production of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxin synthesized by Penicillium islandicum Sopp., was studied with various fermentation methods. Best results were obtained in static fermentations on glutinous...

Production of cyclochlorotine and a new metabolite, simatoxin, by Penicillium islandicum Sopp.

Ghosh, A C, Manmade, A, Townsend, J M, Bousquet, A, Howes, J F, Demain, A L

Production of the hepatotoxin cyclochlorotine by Penicillium islandicum was studied under a variety of fermentation conditions. The best system for production was agitated red wheat. A thin-layer...

Mollicellins: mutagenic and antibacterial mycotoxins.

Stark, A A, Kobbe, B, Matsuo, D, Büchi, G, Wogan, G N, Demain, A L

Eight mollicellins (depsidones) were assayed for mutagenicity and antibacterial activity in Salmonella/microsome tests involving histidine reversion and forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance....

Production of an Autoinhibitor by a Thermophilic Bacillus

Chou, T. W., Greasham, R., Tannenbaum, S. R., Demain, A. L.

Premature cessation of rapid, exponential growth and a low final cell yield were observed with a thermophilic bacillus in a glucose-mineral salts-vitamin medium. Restricted growth was not due to...

Rapid microbial detection and enumeration using gel microdroplets and colorimetric or fluorescence indicator systems.

Williams, G B, Weaver, J C, Demain, A L

A new micromethod employing gel microdroplets (GMDs) and optical measurements can be used for rapid detection and enumeration of viable microorganisms (J. C. Weaver, G. B. Williams, A. M. Klibanov,...

Excretion and Degradation of Ribonucleic Acid by Bacillus subtilis

Demain, A. L., Burg, R. W., Hendlin, D.

Demain, A. L. (Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.), R. W. Burg, and D. Hendlin. Excretion and degradation of ribonucleic acid by Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 89:640–646. 1965.—Bacillus subtilis...

EFFECT OF METHIONINE, NORLEUCINE, AND LYSINE DERIVATIVES ON CEPHALOSPORIN C FORMATION IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIA

Demain, A. L., Newkirk, Joanne F., Hendlin, D.

Demain, A. L. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, N.J.), Joanne F. Newkirk, and D. Hendlin. Effect of methionine, norleucine, and lysine derivatives on cephalosporin C formation in...

Cell-free cyclization of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to isopenicillin N.

Sawada, Y, Baldwin, J E, Singh, P D, Solomon, N A, Demain, A L

Cell-free cyclization of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to isopenicillin N by lytic enzyme extracts of Cephalosporium acremonium M-0198 was stimulated by ferrous ions. The optimum...

PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR GUANOSINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Demain, A. L., Miller, I. M., Hendlin, D.

Demain, A. L. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, N.J.), I. M. Miller, and D. Hendlin. Production of extracellular guanosine-5'-monophosphate by Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol....

Thiamine-dependent Accumulation of Tetramethylpyrazine Accompanying a Mutation in the Isoleucine-Valine Pathway

Demain, A. L., Jackson, M., Trenner, N. R.

A mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum was found to accumulate high concentrations of a material which crystallized upon cooling of the broth. The compound was identified as tetramethylpyrazine. The...

Fermentation Process for Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid, an Interferon Inducer

Lago, B. D., Birnbaum, J., Demain, A. L.

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (ds-RNA) isolated from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage MS2 is a potent interferon inducer. High levels of ds-RNA are formed in nonpermissive cells...

Product Inhibition of the Fermentative Formation of Glutamic Acid

Nunheimer, T. D., Birnbaum, J., Ihnen, E. D., Demain, A. L.

The addition of penicillin to cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum growing in 5-liter fermentors initiated the excretion of glutamic acid. The rate of glutamate production in fermentors declined...

Microbial Epoxidation of cis-Propenylphosphonic to (−)-cis-1,2-Epoxypropylphosphonic Acid

White, R. F., Birnbaum, J., Meyer, R. T., Ten Broeke, J., Chemerda, J. M., Demain, A. L.

Eighteen species of Penicillium, one of Oidium and one of Paecilomyces were found to effect a stereospecific conversion of cis-propenylphosphonate to fosfomycin which was identified by paper...

Aflatoxin B1 mutagenesis, DNA binding, and adduct formation in Salmonella typhimurium.

Stark, A A, Essigmann, J M, Demain, A L, Skopek, T R, Wogan, G N

Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677 was mutagenized with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in liquid suspension culture in the presence of a rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant. Forward mutation to...

Cell-free ring expansion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C by Cephalosporium acremonium CW-19 and its mutants.

Yoshida, M, Konomi, T, Kohsaka, M, Baldwin, J E, Herchen, S, Singh, P, ...

To examine microbiological ring expansion of penicillin N to a cephalosporin, we obtained five mutants of Cephalosporium acremonium blocked in beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis from 2500 survivors...

Nutrition of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, the Producer of Gramicidin S1

Vandamme, E. J., Demain, A. L.

The nutrition of the gramicidin S (GS) producer Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 was studied with respect to growth and antibiotic production. In a complex medium containing yeast extract and peptone, only...

Nonbiological Conversion of Cephalosporin C to a New Antibiotic by Sodium Thiosulfate

Demain, A. L., Newkirk, Joanne F., Davis, G. E., Harman, R. E.

The apparent stimulation of cephalosporin C biosynthesis by sodium thiosulfate is due to a nonbiological conversion of cephalosporin C to a new derivative, cephalosporin Cx. The new compound is more...

Production of Guanosine-5′-Monophosphate and Inosine-5′-Monophosphate by Fermentation

Demain, A. L., Jackson, M., Vitali, R. A., Hendlin, D., Jacob, T. A.

A biotin-requiring coryneform bacterium which produces glutamic acid was mutated to adenine dependency. The adenine-requiring strain, which excreted insoine-5′-monophosphate (IMP), was further...

Purification and characterization of cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase from Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Xiao, X F, Wolfe, S, Demain, A L

Cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase, which catalyses the conversion of cephalosporins into their 7 alpha-hydroxy derivatives, was purified nearly 390-fold from Streptomyces clavuligerus through...

Biochemical studies on the activity of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase from Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Zhang, J, Wolfe, S, Demain, A L

The enzyme activity of purified delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) synthetase from Streptomyces clavuligerus was studied biochemically. The dependence of ACV synthetase activity...

Purification and characterization of a new endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum.

Romaniec, M P, Fauth, U, Kobayashi, T, Huskisson, N S, Barker, P J, Demain, A L

An endoglucanase (1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) from the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum was purified to apparent homogeneity without the use of denaturants. No...

Incorporation of 3H and 14C from (6 alpha-3H)penicillin N and (10-14C,6 alpha-3H) penicillin N into deacetoxycephalosporin C.

Baldwin, J E, Singh, P D, Yoshida, M, Sawada, Y, Demain, A L

1. In a cell-free system prepared by lysis of protoplasts of Cephalosporium acremonium mutant M-0198, 3H and 14C were incorporated from singly- and doubly-labelled penicillin N into...

Cell-free conversion of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine into an antibiotic with the properties of isopenicillin N in Cephalosporium acremonium.

Konomi, T, Herchen, S, Baldwin, J E, Yoshida, M, Hunt, N A, Demain, A L

Cell-free extracts of antibiotic-negative mutants of Cephalosporium acremonium converted delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-tripeptide) into an antibiotic that was destroyed by...

Studies on the cell-free biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Bost, P E, Demain, A L

Cell walls of Cephalosporium acremonium mycelia were lysed by enzyme preparations from either Helix pomatia (snail) digestive juice or Cytophaga. The yield of protoplasts depended on the lytic-enzyme...

Purification and characterization of endoglucanase Ss from Clostridium thermocellum.

Fauth, U, Romaniec, M P, Kobayashi, T, Demain, A L

The extracellular cellulolytic enzymes of the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum occur as a protein complex or aggregate known as the cellulosome. By using a combination of ion-exchange,...

The anchorage function of CipA (CelL), a scaffolding protein of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome.

Kruus, K, Lua, A C, Demain, A L, Wu, J H

Enzymatic cellulose degradation is a heterogeneous reaction requiring binding of soluble cellulase molecules to the solid substrate. Based on our studies of the cellulase complex of Clostridium...

Effect of simulated microgravity and shear stress on microcin B17 production by Escherichia coli and on its excretion into the medium.

Fang, A, Pierson, D L, Koenig, D W, Mishra, S K, Demain, A L

Production of the antibacterial polypeptide microcin B17 (MccB17) by Escherichia coli ZK650 was inhibited by simulated microgravity. The site of MccB17 accumulation was found to be different,...

Improved Procedure for Production of Cytochalasin E and Tremorgenic Mycotoxins by Aspergillus clavatus

Demain, A. L., Hunt, N. A., Malik, V., Kobbe, B., Hawkins, H., Matsuo, K., ...

This report describes an improved procedure for production of cytochalasin E and tremorgens by solid substrate, agitated fermentation of Aspergillus clavatus on pearled barley.

Effect of norleucine on mycelial fragmentation in Cephalosporium acremonium.

Drew, S W, Winstanley, D J, Demain, A L

DL-Norleucine, which is known to replace methionine for stimulation of cephalosporin C formation, also mimics methionine's effect on arthrospore formation. Thus, hyphal fragmentation, like antibiotic...

Production and antibacterial activity of malforming C, a toxic metabolite of Aspergillus niger.

Kobbe, B, Cushman, M, Wogan, G N, Demain, A L

The production of the new mycotoxin malformin C by a solid substrate fermentation is described. Malformin C is highly toxic (mean lethal dose = 0.9 mg/kg) and exerts antibacterial activity against a...

Arginine regulation of gramicidin S biosynthesis.

Poirier, A, Demain, A L

Several amino acids are known to affect the gramicidin S producer Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 with respect ot growth, soluble gramicidin S synthetase formation, antibiotic production, or a combination...

Subcellulosome preparation with high cellulase activity from Clostridium thermocellum.

Kobayashi, T, Romaniec, M P, Fauth, U, Demain, A L

We have prepared a much simpler cellulase preparation than that of cellulosomes from the extracellular broth of Clostridium thermocellum. This "subcellulosome" preparation from C. thermocellum was...

Cloning of a Streptomyces clavuligerus DNA fragment encoding the cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase and its expression in Streptomyces lividans.

Xiao, X, Hintermann, G, Häusler, A, Barker, P J, Foor, F, Demain, A L, ...

A 26-mer DNA probe was designed from N-terminal sequence data for the cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CH) of Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL 3585 and used to screen a DNA library from this...

Efficient plasmid transformation of the beta-lactam producer Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Garcia-Dominguez, M, Martin, J F, Mahro, B, Demain, A L, Liras, P

The conditions for optimal formation and regeneration of protoplasts of Streptomyces clavuligerus were established. The optimal temperature for regeneration of protoplasts and for transformation was...

Synthesis of bacilysin by Bacillus subtilis branches from prephenate of the aromatic amino acid pathway.

Hilton, M D, Alaeddinoglu, N G, Demain, A L

Previously characterized mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 were analyzed for the accumulation of the antibiotic bacilysin in culture broths and for the presence of bacilysin synthetase in cell...

Bacillus subtilis mutant deficient in the ability to produce the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin: isolation and mapping of the mutation.

Hilton, M D, Alaeddinoglu, N G, Demain, A L

A Bacillus subtilis mutant which carries a lesion in a gene specific to the synthesis of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin was isolated. A derivative strain in which transposon Tn917 had inserted...

Germination-initiated spores of Bacillus brevis Nagano retain their resistance properties.

Daher, E, Rosenberg, E, Demain, A L

Initiated spores and vegetative cells of the gramicidin S-producing Bacillus brevis Nagano were compared with respect to their resistance to various forms of stress (osmotic shock-starvation,...

Cleavage of adenosine 5'-monophosphate during uptake by Streptomyces griseus.

Martin, J F, Demain, A L

Unlabeled adenine brought about a (delayed) decrease in radioactivity that had been taken up by phosphate-limited resting cells of Streptomyces griseus from [14C]adenine-labeled adenosine...

Oxygen-dependent inactivation of gramicidin S synthetase in Bacillus brevis.

Friebel, T E, Demain, A L

Incorporation of L-[14C]ornithine into gramicidin S by crude, unfractionated lysozyme extracts of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 was shown to represent the activity of the gramicidin synthetase complex....

Effects of lysine analogs on Penicillium chrysogenum.

Friedrich, C G, Demain, A L

Compounds structurally related to lysine were tested against Penicillium chrysogenum Wis. 54-1255 for inhibition of growth, sporulation, and penicillin formation. This strain is relatively resistant...

Tryptophan excretion by a bradytroph of Hansenula polymorpha growing in methanol.

Sanchez, S, Demain, A L

The growth of a bradytrophic mutant isolated from the methanol-utilizing yeast Hansenula polymorpha was found to be stimulated by both tyrosine and phenylalanine. The mutant contained about half as...

Production of luteoskyrin and isolation of a new metabolite, pibasterol, from Penicillium islandicum Sopp.

Ghosh, A C, Manmade, A, Kobbe, B, Townsend, J M, Demain, A L

Production of luteoskyrin, a hepatotoxin synthesized by Penicillium islandicum Sopp., was studied with various fermentation methods. Best results were obtained in static fermentations on glutinous...

Production of cyclochlorotine and a new metabolite, simatoxin, by Penicillium islandicum Sopp.

Ghosh, A C, Manmade, A, Townsend, J M, Bousquet, A, Howes, J F, Demain, A L

Production of the hepatotoxin cyclochlorotine by Penicillium islandicum was studied under a variety of fermentation conditions. The best system for production was agitated red wheat. A thin-layer...

Mollicellins: mutagenic and antibacterial mycotoxins.

Stark, A A, Kobbe, B, Matsuo, D, Büchi, G, Wogan, G N, Demain, A L

Eight mollicellins (depsidones) were assayed for mutagenicity and antibacterial activity in Salmonella/microsome tests involving histidine reversion and forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance....

Production of an Autoinhibitor by a Thermophilic Bacillus

Chou, T. W., Greasham, R., Tannenbaum, S. R., Demain, A. L.

Premature cessation of rapid, exponential growth and a low final cell yield were observed with a thermophilic bacillus in a glucose-mineral salts-vitamin medium. Restricted growth was not due to...

Rapid microbial detection and enumeration using gel microdroplets and colorimetric or fluorescence indicator systems.

Williams, G B, Weaver, J C, Demain, A L

A new micromethod employing gel microdroplets (GMDs) and optical measurements can be used for rapid detection and enumeration of viable microorganisms (J. C. Weaver, G. B. Williams, A. M. Klibanov,...

Excretion and Degradation of Ribonucleic Acid by Bacillus subtilis

Demain, A. L., Burg, R. W., Hendlin, D.

Demain, A. L. (Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.), R. W. Burg, and D. Hendlin. Excretion and degradation of ribonucleic acid by Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 89:640–646. 1965.—Bacillus subtilis...

EFFECT OF METHIONINE, NORLEUCINE, AND LYSINE DERIVATIVES ON CEPHALOSPORIN C FORMATION IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIA

Demain, A. L., Newkirk, Joanne F., Hendlin, D.

Demain, A. L. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, N.J.), Joanne F. Newkirk, and D. Hendlin. Effect of methionine, norleucine, and lysine derivatives on cephalosporin C formation in...

Cell-free cyclization of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to isopenicillin N.

Sawada, Y, Baldwin, J E, Singh, P D, Solomon, N A, Demain, A L

Cell-free cyclization of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to isopenicillin N by lytic enzyme extracts of Cephalosporium acremonium M-0198 was stimulated by ferrous ions. The optimum...

PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR GUANOSINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Demain, A. L., Miller, I. M., Hendlin, D.

Demain, A. L. (Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, N.J.), I. M. Miller, and D. Hendlin. Production of extracellular guanosine-5'-monophosphate by Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol....

Thiamine-dependent Accumulation of Tetramethylpyrazine Accompanying a Mutation in the Isoleucine-Valine Pathway

Demain, A. L., Jackson, M., Trenner, N. R.

A mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum was found to accumulate high concentrations of a material which crystallized upon cooling of the broth. The compound was identified as tetramethylpyrazine. The...

Fermentation Process for Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid, an Interferon Inducer

Lago, B. D., Birnbaum, J., Demain, A. L.

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (ds-RNA) isolated from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage MS2 is a potent interferon inducer. High levels of ds-RNA are formed in nonpermissive cells...

Product Inhibition of the Fermentative Formation of Glutamic Acid

Nunheimer, T. D., Birnbaum, J., Ihnen, E. D., Demain, A. L.

The addition of penicillin to cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum growing in 5-liter fermentors initiated the excretion of glutamic acid. The rate of glutamate production in fermentors declined...

Microbial Epoxidation of cis-Propenylphosphonic to (−)-cis-1,2-Epoxypropylphosphonic Acid

White, R. F., Birnbaum, J., Meyer, R. T., Ten Broeke, J., Chemerda, J. M., Demain, A. L.

Eighteen species of Penicillium, one of Oidium and one of Paecilomyces were found to effect a stereospecific conversion of cis-propenylphosphonate to fosfomycin which was identified by paper...

Aflatoxin B1 mutagenesis, DNA binding, and adduct formation in Salmonella typhimurium.

Stark, A A, Essigmann, J M, Demain, A L, Skopek, T R, Wogan, G N

Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677 was mutagenized with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in liquid suspension culture in the presence of a rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant. Forward mutation to...

Cell-free ring expansion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C by Cephalosporium acremonium CW-19 and its mutants.

Yoshida, M, Konomi, T, Kohsaka, M, Baldwin, J E, Herchen, S, Singh, P, ...

To examine microbiological ring expansion of penicillin N to a cephalosporin, we obtained five mutants of Cephalosporium acremonium blocked in beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis from 2500 survivors...

Nutrition of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, the Producer of Gramicidin S1

Vandamme, E. J., Demain, A. L.

The nutrition of the gramicidin S (GS) producer Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 was studied with respect to growth and antibiotic production. In a complex medium containing yeast extract and peptone, only...

Nonbiological Conversion of Cephalosporin C to a New Antibiotic by Sodium Thiosulfate

Demain, A. L., Newkirk, Joanne F., Davis, G. E., Harman, R. E.

The apparent stimulation of cephalosporin C biosynthesis by sodium thiosulfate is due to a nonbiological conversion of cephalosporin C to a new derivative, cephalosporin Cx. The new compound is more...

Production of Guanosine-5′-Monophosphate and Inosine-5′-Monophosphate by Fermentation

Demain, A. L., Jackson, M., Vitali, R. A., Hendlin, D., Jacob, T. A.

A biotin-requiring coryneform bacterium which produces glutamic acid was mutated to adenine dependency. The adenine-requiring strain, which excreted insoine-5′-monophosphate (IMP), was further...

Purification and characterization of cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase from Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Xiao, X F, Wolfe, S, Demain, A L

Cephalosporin 7 alpha-hydroxylase, which catalyses the conversion of cephalosporins into their 7 alpha-hydroxy derivatives, was purified nearly 390-fold from Streptomyces clavuligerus through...

Biochemical studies on the activity of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase from Streptomyces clavuligerus.

Zhang, J, Wolfe, S, Demain, A L

The enzyme activity of purified delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) synthetase from Streptomyces clavuligerus was studied biochemically. The dependence of ACV synthetase activity...

Purification and characterization of a new endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum.

Romaniec, M P, Fauth, U, Kobayashi, T, Huskisson, N S, Barker, P J, Demain, A L

An endoglucanase (1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) from the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum was purified to apparent homogeneity without the use of denaturants. No...

Purification and characterization of endoglucanase Ss from Clostridium thermocellum.

Fauth, U, Romaniec, M P, Kobayashi, T, Demain, A L

The extracellular cellulolytic enzymes of the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum occur as a protein complex or aggregate known as the cellulosome. By using a combination of ion-exchange,...

Incorporation of 3H and 14C from (6 alpha-3H)penicillin N and (10-14C,6 alpha-3H) penicillin N into deacetoxycephalosporin C.

Baldwin, J E, Singh, P D, Yoshida, M, Sawada, Y, Demain, A L

1. In a cell-free system prepared by lysis of protoplasts of Cephalosporium acremonium mutant M-0198, 3H and 14C were incorporated from singly- and doubly-labelled penicillin N into...

Cell-free conversion of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine into an antibiotic with the properties of isopenicillin N in Cephalosporium acremonium.

Konomi, T, Herchen, S, Baldwin, J E, Yoshida, M, Hunt, N A, Demain, A L

Cell-free extracts of antibiotic-negative mutants of Cephalosporium acremonium converted delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-tripeptide) into an antibiotic that was destroyed by...

Studies on the cell-free biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Bost, P E, Demain, A L

Cell walls of Cephalosporium acremonium mycelia were lysed by enzyme preparations from either Helix pomatia (snail) digestive juice or Cytophaga. The yield of protoplasts depended on the lytic-enzyme...