Arnold J. Levine

A polymorphic variant in human MDM4 associates with accelerated age of onset of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer (2009)

Kulkarni, Diptee A., Vazquez, Alexei, Haffty, Bruce G., Bandera, Elisa V., Hu, Wenwei, Sun, Yvonne Y., ...

Murine double minute 4 (MDM4) shares significant structural homology with murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and interacts and regulates transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor p53. In tumors...

IBM Computational (2008)

Ramakrishna Ramaswamy, Gyan Bhanot, Jorge Lepre, Gustavo Stolovitzky, Babu Venkataraghavan, Arnold J Levine

One of the major challenges in cancer diagnosis from microarray data is to develop robust classification models which are independent of the analysis techniques used and can combine data from...

Suppression of immediate-early viral gene expression by herpesvirus-coded microRNAs: Implications for latency (2008)

Murphy, Eain, Vanicek, Jiri, Robins, Harlan, Shenk, Thomas, Levine, Arnold J.

A quantitative algorithm was developed and applied to predict target genes of microRNAs encoded by herpesviruses. Although there is almost no conservation among microRNAs of different herpesvirus...

Sequence analysis of p53 response-elements suggests multiple binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA targets (2007)

Ma, Buyong, Pan, Yongping, Zheng, Jie, Levine, Arnold J., Nussinov, Ruth

The p53 tetramer recognizes specifically a 20-bp DNA element. Here, we examined symmetries encoded in p53 response elements (p53REs). We analyzed base inversion correlations within the half-site, as...

Probing potential binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA based on the symmetries encoded in p53 response elements (2007)

Ma, Buyong, Levine, Arnold J.

Symmetries in the p53 response-element (p53RE) encode binding modes for p53 tetramer to recognize DNA. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and biological implications of the possible binding...

Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathways (2006)

Levine, Arnold J., Feng, Zhaohui, Mak, Tak W., You, Han, Jin, Shengkan

Over the past 10 years the signal transduction networks for p53, IGF-1-AKT, and TOR pathways have been assembled in worms, flies, and mammals, and their functions elucidated. In the past 1-2 years a...

The presence of p53 mutations in human osteosarcomas correlates with high levels of genomic instability (2003)

Overholtzer, Michael, Rao, Pulivarthi H., Favis, Reyna, Lu, Xin-Yan, Elowitz, Michael B., Barany, Francis, ...

The p53 gene is a critical tumor suppressor that is inactivated in a majority of cancers. The central role of p53 in response to stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oncogene activation...

cDNA Cloning of a Serotonin 5-HT1C Receptor by Electrophysiological Assays of mRNA-Injected Xenopus Oocytes (1987)

Lübbert, Hermann, Hoffman, Beth J., Snutch, Terry P., Van Dyke, Terry, Levine, Arnold J., Hartig, Paul R., ...

We describe a strategy for the cloning of neurotransmitter-receptor and ion-channel cDNAs that is based on electrophysiological assays of mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. This procedure circumvents the...

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of oncoprotein Hdm2 is required for Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53

Tao, Weikang, Levine, Arnold J.

The Hdm2 oncoprotein inhibits p53 functions by two means: (i) it blocks p53’s transactivation activity and (ii) it targets p53 for degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Recent data indicate...

Identification and characterization of a p53 homologue in Drosophila melanogaster

Jin, Shengkan, Martinek, Sebastian, Joo, Woo S., Wortman, Jennifer R., Mirkovic, Nebojsa, Sali, Andrej, ...

The tumor suppressor gene p53 in mammalian cells plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of genome. It functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor. Upon activation by a variety...

Generation of oscillations by the p53-Mdm2 feedback loop: A theoretical and experimental study

Maya, Ruth, Segel, Lee A., Alon, Uri, Levine, Arnold J., Oren, Moshe

The intracellular activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is regulated through a feedback loop involving its transcriptional target, mdm2. We present a simple mathematical model suggesting that,...

A proline-rich motif in p53 is required for transactivation- independent growth arrest as induced by Gas1

Ruaro, Elisabetta M., Collavin, Licio, Del Sal, Giannino, Haffner, Rebecca, Oren, Moshe, Levine, Arnold J., ...

The involvement of p53 in regulating diverse cellular processes dictates that it must respond to multiple signaling mechanisms, thus coordinating the response to various “stress conditions.”...

P19ARF stabilizes p53 by blocking nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Mdm2

Tao, Weikang, Levine, Arnold J.

The INK4a-ARF locus encodes two distinct tumor suppressors, p16INK4a and p19ARF. Whereas p16INK4a restrains cell growth through preventing phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, p19ARF acts...

Non-p53 p53RE binding protein, a human transcription factor functionally analogous to P53

Zeng, Xiaoya, Levine, Arnold J., Lu, Hua

The transactivation activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is critical for regulating cell growth and apoptosis. We describe the identification of a transcription factor that is functionally...

WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in Wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors

Pennica, Diane, Swanson, Todd A., Welsh, James W., Roy, Margaret A., Lawrence, David A., Lee, James, ...

Wnt family members are critical to many developmental processes, and components of the Wnt signaling pathway have been linked to tumorigenesis in familial and sporadic colon carcinomas. Here we...

A male germ cell tumor-susceptibility-determining locus, pgct1, identified on murine chromosome 13

Muller, Alexander J., Teresky, Angelika K., Levine, Arnold J.

Inbred 129 strain mice are predisposed to developing male germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the testes. The inherent genetic defects that underlie male GCT susceptibility in the 129 mouse strain are...

Ultraviolet radiation, but not γ radiation or etoposide-induced DNA damage, results in the phosphorylation of the murine p53 protein at serine-389

Lu, Hua, Taya, Yoichi, Ikeda, Masako, Levine, Arnold J.

Polyclonal antibodies were produced and purified that selectively react with a p53 epitope containing the murine phosphoserine-389 or the human phosphoserine-392 residue, but not the unphosphorylated...

Identification of a Mouse Homolog of the Human BTEB2 Transcription Factor as a β-Catenin-Independent Wnt-1-Responsive Gene

Ziemer, Lisa Taneyhill, Pennica, Diane, Levine, Arnold J.

The Wnt/Wg signaling pathway functions during development to regulate cell fate determination and patterning in various organisms. Two pathways are reported to lie downstream of Wnt signaling in...

Nuclear Export Is Required for Degradation of Endogenous p53 by MDM2 and Human Papillomavirus E6

Freedman, Deborah A., Levine, Arnold J.

The MDM2 oncoprotein targets the p53 tumor suppressor protein for degradation when the two proteins are expressed in cells. The regulation of p53 levels by MDM2 requires the ability of MDM2 to be...

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Immunodominance in the Control of Choroid Plexus Tumors in Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Transgenic Mice

Schell, Todd D., Mylin, Lawrence M., Georgoff, Ingo, Teresky, Angelica K., Levine, Arnold J., Tevethia, Satvir S.

The simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (Tag) is a virus-encoded oncoprotein which is the target of a strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Three immunodominant H-2b-restricted...

Germ Cell Expression of an Isolated Human Endogenous Retroviral Long Terminal Repeat of the HERV-K/HTDV Family in Transgenic Mice

Casau, Armelle E., Vaughan, Joe E., Lozano, Guillermina, Levine, Arnold J.

In contrast to most other human endogenous retroviral families, various HERV-K members have open reading frames that code for functional viral proteins which can form noninfectious particles in some...

p53 regulates cell survival by inhibiting PIK3CA in squamous cell carcinomas

Singh, Bhuvanesh, Reddy, Pabbathi G., Goberdhan, Andy, Walsh, Christine, Dao, Su, Ngai, Ivan, ...

Interactions between the p53 and PI3K/AKT pathways play a significant role in the determination of cell death/survival. In benign cells these pathways are interrelated through the transcriptional...

CIAP1 and the serine protease HTRA2 are involved in a novel p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in mammals

Jin, Shengkan, Kalkum, Markus, Overholtzer, Michael, Stoffel, Archontoula, Chait, Brian T., Levine, Arnold J.

Recently a Drosophila p53 protein has been identified that mediates apoptosis via a novel pathway involving the activation of the Reaper gene and subsequent inhibition of the inhibitors of apoptosis...

The presence of p53 mutations in human osteosarcomas correlates with high levels of genomic instability

Overholtzer, Michael, Rao, Pulivarthi H., Favis, Reyna, Lu, Xin-Yan, Elowitz, Michael B., Barany, Francis, ...

The p53 gene is a critical tumor suppressor that is inactivated in a majority of cancers. The central role of p53 in response to stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oncogene activation...

ISOLATION OF A CHLORAMPHENICOL-RESISTANT PROTEIN FROM λ-INFECTED CELLS*

Levine, Arnold J., Sinsheimer, Robert L.

During infection with bacteriophage ϕX174, a protein, made in the presence of 30 γ chloramphenicol/ml but not made in the presence of concentrations greater than 100 γ/ml, has been shown to be...

Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor

Yue, Zhenyu, Jin, Shengkan, Yang, Chingwen, Levine, Arnold J., Heintz, Nathaniel

The biochemical properties of beclin 1 suggest a role in two fundamentally important cell biological pathways: autophagy and apoptosis. We show here that beclin 1-/- mutant mice die early in...

WISP-1 is a Wnt-1- and β-catenin-responsive oncogene

Xu, Lifeng, Corcoran, Ryan B., Welsh, James W., Pennica, Diane, Levine, Arnold J.

WISP-1 (Wnt-1 induced secreted protein 1) is a member of the CCN family of growth factors. This study identifies WISP-1 as a β-catenin-regulated gene that can contribute to tumorigenesis. The...

Analysis of p53-regulated gene expression patterns using oligonucleotide arrays

Zhao, Renbin, Gish, Kurt, Murphy, Maureen, Yin, Yuxin, Notterman, Daniel, Hoffman, William H., ...

Oligonucleotide microarrays were employed to quantitate mRNA levels from a large number of genes regulated by the p53 transcription factor. Responses to DNA damage and to zinc-inducible p53 were...

Transcriptional repression by wild-type p53 utilizes histone deacetylases, mediated by interaction with mSin3a

Murphy, Maureen, Ahn, Jaimo, Walker, Kristen K., Hoffman, William H., Evans, Ronald M., Levine, Arnold J., ...

There is growing evidence that the p53 tumor suppressor protein not only can function to activate gene transcription but also to repress the expression of specific genes. Although recent studies have...

Relationship Between Virus-Induced Cellular Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis and Transformation by Simian Virus 40

Fox, Thomas O., Levine, Arnold J.

The fraction of cells in a confluent 3T3 cell monolayer induced by simian virus 40 infection to replicate deoxyribonucleic acid and divide corresponds to those cells which eventually become...

Isolation of Simian Virus 40 Recombinants from Cells Infected with Oligomeric Forms of Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Dubbs, Del Rose, Kit, Saul, Jaenisch, Rudolf, Levine, Arnold J.

Oligomeric forms of simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were isolated from monkey kidney cells infected with two plaque morphology mutants of SV40. Recombinant, large clear-plaque-type...

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Simian Virus 40-Infected Cells: II. Detection and Characterization of Simian Virus 40 Pseudovirions

Levine, Arnold J., Teresky, Angelika K.

Purified simian virus 40 (SV40) virions, grown in primary African green monkey kidney cells labeled prior to infection with 3H-thymidine, contain a variable quantity of 3H-labeled deoxyribonucleic...

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Simian Virus 40-Infected Cells: III. Comparison of Simian Virus 40 Lytic Infection in Three Different Monkey Kidney Cell Lines

Ritzi, Earl, Levine, Arnold J.

A comparative study of simian virus 40 (SV40) lytic infection in three different monkey cell lines is described. The results demonstrate that viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and...

Induction of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis in Monkey Cells Infected by Simian Virus 40 and (or) Treated with Calf Serum

Levine, Arnold J.

Infection of confluent monolayer cultures of African green monkey kidney cells with simian virus 40 results in an enhanced synthesis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. This is demonstrated both by an...

Activation of NF-κB and inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis by API2/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 fusions promote oncogenesis

Stoffel, Archontoula, Chaurushiya, Mira, Singh, Bhuvanesh, Levine, Arnold J.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common extranodal lymphoid cell neoplasia; it frequently follows chronic bacteria-induced inflammation in various tissues. MALT lymphomas...

Tissue-specific codon usage and the expression of human genes

Plotkin, Joshua B., Robins, Harlan, Levine, Arnold J.

A diverse array of mechanisms regulate tissue-specific protein levels. Most research, however, has focused on the role of transcriptional regulation. Here we report systematic differences in...

Comparison of the protein–protein interfaces in the p53–DNA crystal structures: Towards elucidation of the biological interface

Ma, Buyong, Pan, Yongping, Gunasekaran, K., Venkataraghavan, R. Babu, Levine, Arnold J., Nussinov, Ruth

p53, the tumor suppressor protein, functions as a dimer of dimers. However, how the tetramer binds to the DNA is still an open question. In the crystal structure, three copies of the p53 monomers...

The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells

Feng, Zhaohui, Zhang, Haiyan, Levine, Arnold J., Jin, Shengkan

Cell growth and proliferation requires an intricate coordination between the stimulatory signals arising from nutrients and growth factors and the inhibitory signals arising from intracellular and...

A Relative-Entropy Algorithm for Genomic Fingerprinting Captures Host-Phage Similarities

Robins, Harlan, Krasnitz, Michael, Barak, Hagar, Levine, Arnold J.

The degeneracy of codons allows a multitude of possible sequences to code for the same protein. Hidden within the particular choice of sequence for each organism are over 100 previously undiscovered...

Wrch-1, a novel member of the Rho gene family that is regulated by Wnt-1

Tao, Weikang, Pennica, Diane, Xu, Lifeng, Kalejta, Robert F., Levine, Arnold J.

We report the isolation and cloning of the Wrch-1 (Wnt-1 responsive Cdc42 homolog) cDNA. Wrch-1 is a novel gene whose mRNA level increases in response to Wnt-1 signaling in Wnt-1 transformed cells,...

A plausible model for the digital response of p53 to DNA damage

Ma, Lan, Wagner, John, Rice, John Jeremy, Hu, Wenwei, Levine, Arnold J., Stolovitzky, Gustavo A.

Recent observations show that the single-cell response of p53 to ionizing radiation (IR) is “digital” in that it is the number of oscillations rather than the amplitude of p53 that shows...

WISP-1 attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt kinase

Su, Fei, Overholtzer, Michael, Besser, Daniel, Levine, Arnold J.

WISP-1 (Wnt-1-induced secreted protein) was identified as an oncogene regulated by the Wnt-1–β-catenin pathway. WISP-1 belongs to the CCN family of growth factors, which are cysteine-rich,...

Detection of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms that affect apoptosis

Harris, Sandra L., Gil, German, Robins, Harlan, Hu, Wenwei, Hirshfield, Kim, Bond, Elisabeth, ...

Human EBV-transformed B lymphocyte cell lines (LCLs) were used to measure the apoptotic response of individuals to γ radiation. The responses form a normal distribution around a median of 35.5%...

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of oncoprotein Hdm2 is required for Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53

Tao, Weikang, Levine, Arnold J.

The Hdm2 oncoprotein inhibits p53 functions by two means: (i) it blocks p53’s transactivation activity and (ii) it targets p53 for degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Recent data indicate...

Identification and characterization of a p53 homologue in Drosophila melanogaster

Jin, Shengkan, Martinek, Sebastian, Joo, Woo S., Wortman, Jennifer R., Mirkovic, Nebojsa, Sali, Andrej, ...

The tumor suppressor gene p53 in mammalian cells plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of genome. It functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor. Upon activation by a variety...

Generation of oscillations by the p53-Mdm2 feedback loop: A theoretical and experimental study

Maya, Ruth, Segel, Lee A., Alon, Uri, Levine, Arnold J., Oren, Moshe

The intracellular activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is regulated through a feedback loop involving its transcriptional target, mdm2. We present a simple mathematical model suggesting that,...

A proline-rich motif in p53 is required for transactivation- independent growth arrest as induced by Gas1

Ruaro, Elisabetta M., Collavin, Licio, Del Sal, Giannino, Haffner, Rebecca, Oren, Moshe, Levine, Arnold J., ...

The involvement of p53 in regulating diverse cellular processes dictates that it must respond to multiple signaling mechanisms, thus coordinating the response to various “stress conditions.”...

P19ARF stabilizes p53 by blocking nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Mdm2

Tao, Weikang, Levine, Arnold J.

The INK4a-ARF locus encodes two distinct tumor suppressors, p16INK4a and p19ARF. Whereas p16INK4a restrains cell growth through preventing phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, p19ARF acts...

Non-p53 p53RE binding protein, a human transcription factor functionally analogous to P53

Zeng, Xiaoya, Levine, Arnold J., Lu, Hua

The transactivation activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is critical for regulating cell growth and apoptosis. We describe the identification of a transcription factor that is functionally...

WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in Wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors

Pennica, Diane, Swanson, Todd A., Welsh, James W., Roy, Margaret A., Lawrence, David A., Lee, James, ...

Wnt family members are critical to many developmental processes, and components of the Wnt signaling pathway have been linked to tumorigenesis in familial and sporadic colon carcinomas. Here we...

A male germ cell tumor-susceptibility-determining locus, pgct1, identified on murine chromosome 13

Muller, Alexander J., Teresky, Angelika K., Levine, Arnold J.

Inbred 129 strain mice are predisposed to developing male germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the testes. The inherent genetic defects that underlie male GCT susceptibility in the 129 mouse strain are...

Ultraviolet radiation, but not γ radiation or etoposide-induced DNA damage, results in the phosphorylation of the murine p53 protein at serine-389

Lu, Hua, Taya, Yoichi, Ikeda, Masako, Levine, Arnold J.

Polyclonal antibodies were produced and purified that selectively react with a p53 epitope containing the murine phosphoserine-389 or the human phosphoserine-392 residue, but not the unphosphorylated...

Identification of a Mouse Homolog of the Human BTEB2 Transcription Factor as a β-Catenin-Independent Wnt-1-Responsive Gene

Ziemer, Lisa Taneyhill, Pennica, Diane, Levine, Arnold J.

The Wnt/Wg signaling pathway functions during development to regulate cell fate determination and patterning in various organisms. Two pathways are reported to lie downstream of Wnt signaling in...

Nuclear Export Is Required for Degradation of Endogenous p53 by MDM2 and Human Papillomavirus E6

Freedman, Deborah A., Levine, Arnold J.

The MDM2 oncoprotein targets the p53 tumor suppressor protein for degradation when the two proteins are expressed in cells. The regulation of p53 levels by MDM2 requires the ability of MDM2 to be...

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Immunodominance in the Control of Choroid Plexus Tumors in Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Transgenic Mice

Schell, Todd D., Mylin, Lawrence M., Georgoff, Ingo, Teresky, Angelica K., Levine, Arnold J., Tevethia, Satvir S.

The simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (Tag) is a virus-encoded oncoprotein which is the target of a strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Three immunodominant H-2b-restricted...

Germ Cell Expression of an Isolated Human Endogenous Retroviral Long Terminal Repeat of the HERV-K/HTDV Family in Transgenic Mice

Casau, Armelle E., Vaughan, Joe E., Lozano, Guillermina, Levine, Arnold J.

In contrast to most other human endogenous retroviral families, various HERV-K members have open reading frames that code for functional viral proteins which can form noninfectious particles in some...

p53 regulates cell survival by inhibiting PIK3CA in squamous cell carcinomas

Singh, Bhuvanesh, Reddy, Pabbathi G., Goberdhan, Andy, Walsh, Christine, Dao, Su, Ngai, Ivan, ...

Interactions between the p53 and PI3K/AKT pathways play a significant role in the determination of cell death/survival. In benign cells these pathways are interrelated through the transcriptional...

WISP-1 attenuates p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage through activation of the Akt kinase

Su, Fei, Overholtzer, Michael, Besser, Daniel, Levine, Arnold J.

WISP-1 (Wnt-1-induced secreted protein) was identified as an oncogene regulated by the Wnt-1–β-catenin pathway. WISP-1 belongs to the CCN family of growth factors, which are cysteine-rich,...

CIAP1 and the serine protease HTRA2 are involved in a novel p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in mammals

Jin, Shengkan, Kalkum, Markus, Overholtzer, Michael, Stoffel, Archontoula, Chait, Brian T., Levine, Arnold J.

Recently a Drosophila p53 protein has been identified that mediates apoptosis via a novel pathway involving the activation of the Reaper gene and subsequent inhibition of the inhibitors of apoptosis...

The presence of p53 mutations in human osteosarcomas correlates with high levels of genomic instability

Overholtzer, Michael, Rao, Pulivarthi H., Favis, Reyna, Lu, Xin-Yan, Elowitz, Michael B., Barany, Francis, ...

The p53 gene is a critical tumor suppressor that is inactivated in a majority of cancers. The central role of p53 in response to stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oncogene activation...

ISOLATION OF A CHLORAMPHENICOL-RESISTANT PROTEIN FROM λ-INFECTED CELLS*

Levine, Arnold J., Sinsheimer, Robert L.

During infection with bacteriophage ϕX174, a protein, made in the presence of 30 γ chloramphenicol/ml but not made in the presence of concentrations greater than 100 γ/ml, has been shown to be...

Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor

Yue, Zhenyu, Jin, Shengkan, Yang, Chingwen, Levine, Arnold J., Heintz, Nathaniel

The biochemical properties of beclin 1 suggest a role in two fundamentally important cell biological pathways: autophagy and apoptosis. We show here that beclin 1-/- mutant mice die early in...

Wrch-1, a novel member of the Rho gene family that is regulated by Wnt-1

Tao, Weikang, Pennica, Diane, Xu, Lifeng, Kalejta, Robert F., Levine, Arnold J.

We report the isolation and cloning of the Wrch-1 (Wnt-1 responsive Cdc42 homolog) cDNA. Wrch-1 is a novel gene whose mRNA level increases in response to Wnt-1 signaling in Wnt-1 transformed cells,...

WISP-1 is a Wnt-1- and β-catenin-responsive oncogene

Xu, Lifeng, Corcoran, Ryan B., Welsh, James W., Pennica, Diane, Levine, Arnold J.

WISP-1 (Wnt-1 induced secreted protein 1) is a member of the CCN family of growth factors. This study identifies WISP-1 as a β-catenin-regulated gene that can contribute to tumorigenesis. The...

Analysis of p53-regulated gene expression patterns using oligonucleotide arrays

Zhao, Renbin, Gish, Kurt, Murphy, Maureen, Yin, Yuxin, Notterman, Daniel, Hoffman, William H., ...

Oligonucleotide microarrays were employed to quantitate mRNA levels from a large number of genes regulated by the p53 transcription factor. Responses to DNA damage and to zinc-inducible p53 were...

Transcriptional repression by wild-type p53 utilizes histone deacetylases, mediated by interaction with mSin3a

Murphy, Maureen, Ahn, Jaimo, Walker, Kristen K., Hoffman, William H., Evans, Ronald M., Levine, Arnold J., ...

There is growing evidence that the p53 tumor suppressor protein not only can function to activate gene transcription but also to repress the expression of specific genes. Although recent studies have...

Relationship Between Virus-Induced Cellular Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis and Transformation by Simian Virus 40

Fox, Thomas O., Levine, Arnold J.

The fraction of cells in a confluent 3T3 cell monolayer induced by simian virus 40 infection to replicate deoxyribonucleic acid and divide corresponds to those cells which eventually become...

Isolation of Simian Virus 40 Recombinants from Cells Infected with Oligomeric Forms of Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Dubbs, Del Rose, Kit, Saul, Jaenisch, Rudolf, Levine, Arnold J.

Oligomeric forms of simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were isolated from monkey kidney cells infected with two plaque morphology mutants of SV40. Recombinant, large clear-plaque-type...

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Simian Virus 40-Infected Cells: II. Detection and Characterization of Simian Virus 40 Pseudovirions

Levine, Arnold J., Teresky, Angelika K.

Purified simian virus 40 (SV40) virions, grown in primary African green monkey kidney cells labeled prior to infection with 3H-thymidine, contain a variable quantity of 3H-labeled deoxyribonucleic...

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Simian Virus 40-Infected Cells: III. Comparison of Simian Virus 40 Lytic Infection in Three Different Monkey Kidney Cell Lines

Ritzi, Earl, Levine, Arnold J.

A comparative study of simian virus 40 (SV40) lytic infection in three different monkey cell lines is described. The results demonstrate that viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and...

Induction of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis in Monkey Cells Infected by Simian Virus 40 and (or) Treated with Calf Serum

Levine, Arnold J.

Infection of confluent monolayer cultures of African green monkey kidney cells with simian virus 40 results in an enhanced synthesis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. This is demonstrated both by an...

Activation of NF-κB and inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis by API2/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 fusions promote oncogenesis

Stoffel, Archontoula, Chaurushiya, Mira, Singh, Bhuvanesh, Levine, Arnold J.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common extranodal lymphoid cell neoplasia; it frequently follows chronic bacteria-induced inflammation in various tissues. MALT lymphomas...

Tissue-specific codon usage and the expression of human genes

Plotkin, Joshua B., Robins, Harlan, Levine, Arnold J.

A diverse array of mechanisms regulate tissue-specific protein levels. Most research, however, has focused on the role of transcriptional regulation. Here we report systematic differences in...

Comparison of the protein–protein interfaces in the p53–DNA crystal structures: Towards elucidation of the biological interface

Ma, Buyong, Pan, Yongping, Gunasekaran, K., Venkataraghavan, R. Babu, Levine, Arnold J., Nussinov, Ruth

p53, the tumor suppressor protein, functions as a dimer of dimers. However, how the tetramer binds to the DNA is still an open question. In the crystal structure, three copies of the p53 monomers...

The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells

Feng, Zhaohui, Zhang, Haiyan, Levine, Arnold J., Jin, Shengkan

Cell growth and proliferation requires an intricate coordination between the stimulatory signals arising from nutrients and growth factors and the inhibitory signals arising from intracellular and...

A plausible model for the digital response of p53 to DNA damage

Ma, Lan, Wagner, John, Rice, John Jeremy, Hu, Wenwei, Levine, Arnold J., Stolovitzky, Gustavo A.

Recent observations show that the single-cell response of p53 to ionizing radiation (IR) is “digital” in that it is the number of oscillations rather than the amplitude of p53 that shows...

Detection of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms that affect apoptosis

Harris, Sandra L., Gil, German, Robins, Harlan, Hu, Wenwei, Hirshfield, Kim, Bond, Elisabeth, ...

Human EBV-transformed B lymphocyte cell lines (LCLs) were used to measure the apoptotic response of individuals to γ radiation. The responses form a normal distribution around a median of 35.5%...

A Relative-Entropy Algorithm for Genomic Fingerprinting Captures Host-Phage Similarities

Robins, Harlan, Krasnitz, Michael, Barak, Hagar, Levine, Arnold J.

The degeneracy of codons allows a multitude of possible sequences to code for the same protein. Hidden within the particular choice of sequence for each organism are over 100 previously undiscovered...

Comparison of Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses Reveals a Mutational Bias on the Viral Genomes▿

Rabadan, Raul, Levine, Arnold J., Robins, Harlan

In the last few years, the genomic sequence data for thousands of influenza A virus strains, including the 1918 pandemic strain, and hundreds of isolates of the avian influenza virus H5N1, which is...

Sequence analysis of p53 response-elements suggests multiple binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA targets

Ma, Buyong, Pan, Yongping, Zheng, Jie, Levine, Arnold J., Nussinov, Ruth

The p53 tetramer recognizes specifically a 20-bp DNA element. Here, we examined symmetries encoded in p53 response elements (p53REs). We analyzed base inversion correlations within the half-site, as...

Haplotype structure and selection of the MDM2 oncogene in humans

Atwal, Gurinder Singh, Bond, Gareth L., Metsuyanim, Sally, Papa, Moshe, Friedman, Eitan, Distelman-Menachem, Tal, ...

The MDM2 protein is an ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in regulating the levels and activity of the p53 protein, which is a central tumor suppressor. A SNP in the human MDM2 gene (SNP309...

Probing potential binding modes of the p53 tetramer to DNA based on the symmetries encoded in p53 response elements

Ma, Buyong, Levine, Arnold J.

Symmetries in the p53 response-element (p53RE) encode binding modes for p53 tetramer to recognize DNA. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and biological implications of the possible binding...

An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Genetics, Gender and Age in Cancer Patients

Atwal, Gurinder Singh, Rabadán, Raúl, Lozano, Guillermina, Strong, Louise C., Ruijs, Mariëlle W. G., Schmidt, Marjanka K., ...

Germline genetics, gender and hormonal-signaling pathways are all well described modifiers of cancer risk and progression. Although an improved understanding of how germline genetic variants interact...

Declining p53 function in the aging process: A possible mechanism for the increased tumor incidence in older populations

Feng, Zhaohui, Hu, Wenwei, Teresky, Angelika K., Hernando, Eva, Cordon-Cardo, Carlos, Levine, Arnold J.

Cancer is a disease of aging. The accumulation of mutations in individual cells over a lifetime is thought to be the reason. In this work, we explored an additional hypothesis: could p53 function...

The Sequence Alteration Associated with a Mutational Hotspot in p53 Protects Cells From Lysis by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Specific for a Flanking Peptide Epitope

Theobald, Matthias, Ruppert, Thomas, Kuckelkorn, Ulrike, Hernandez, Javier, Häussler, Annett, Ferreira, Edite Antunes, ...

A high proportion of tumors arise due to mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. A p53 hotspot mutation at amino acid position 273 from R to H, flanking a peptide epitope that spans residues...

Patterns of Evolution and Host Gene Mimicry in Influenza and Other RNA Viruses

Greenbaum, Benjamin D., Levine, Arnold J., Bhanot, Gyan, Rabadan, Raul

It is well known that the dinucleotide CpG is under-represented in the genomic DNA of many vertebrates. This is commonly thought to be due to the methylation of cytosine residues in this dinucleotide...

Highly Conserved Regions of Influenza A Virus Polymerase Gene Segments Are Critical for Efficient Viral RNA Packaging▿

Marsh, Glenn A., Rabadán, Raúl, Levine, Arnold J., Palese, Peter

The genome of the influenza A virus is composed of eight different segments of negative-sense RNA. These eight segments are incorporated into budding virions in an equimolar ratio through a mechanism...

A Recoding Method to Improve the Humoral Immune Response to an HIV DNA Vaccine

Huang, Yaoxing, Krasnitz, Michael, Rabadan, Raul, Witten, Daniela M., Song, Yang, Levine, Arnold J., ...

This manuscript describes a novel strategy to improve HIV DNA vaccine design. Employing a new information theory based bioinformatic algorithm, we identify a set of nucleotide motifs which are common...

Suppression of immediate-early viral gene expression by herpesvirus-coded microRNAs: Implications for latency

Murphy, Eain, Vaníček, Jiří, Robins, Harlan, Shenk, Thomas, Levine, Arnold J.

A quantitative algorithm was developed and applied to predict target genes of microRNAs encoded by herpesviruses. Although there is almost no conservation among microRNAs of different herpesvirus...

Anomalies in the Influenza Virus Genome Database: New Biology or Laboratory Errors?▿ †

Krasnitz, Michael, Levine, Arnold J., Rabadan, Raul

A search of the influenza virus genome database reveals anomalies associated with a nonnegligible number of submitted sequences. There are many pairs of viral segments that are very close to each...

Patterns of Oligonucleotide Sequences in Viral and Host Cell RNA Identify Mediators of the Host Innate Immune System

Greenbaum, Benjamin D., Rabadan, Raul, Levine, Arnold J.

The innate immune response provides a first line of defense against pathogens by targeting generic differential features that are present in foreign organisms but not in the host. These innate...

Altered tumor formation and evolutionary selection of genetic variants in the human MDM4 oncogene

Atwal, Gurinder Singh, Kirchhoff, Tomas, Bond, Elisabeth E., Montagna, Marco, Menin, Chiara, Bertorelle, Roberta, ...

A large body of evidence strongly suggests that the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is central in reducing cancer frequency in vertebrates. The protein product of the haploinsufficient mouse double...