Arnold Louie

Effective Antimicrobial Regimens for Use in Humans for Therapy of Bacillus anthracis Infections and Postexposure Prophylaxis (1998)

Deziel, Mark R., Heine, Henry, Louie, Arnold, Kao, Mark, Byrne, WIlliam R., Basset, Jennifer, ...

Expanded options for treatments directed against pathogens that can be used for bioterrorism are urgently needed. Treatment regimens directed against such pathogens can be identified only by using...

Interaction between Fluconazole and Amphotericin B in Mice with Systemic Infection Due to Fluconazole-Susceptible or -Resistant Strains of Candida albicans

Louie, Arnold, Banerjee, Partha, Drusano, George L., Shayegani, Mehdi, Miller, Michael H.

The interaction between fluconazole (Flu) and amphotericin B (AmB) was evaluated in a murine model of systemic candidiasis for one Flu-susceptible strain (MIC, 0.5 μg/ml), two strains with...

Impact of the Order of Initiation of Fluconazole and Amphotericin B in Sequential or Combination Therapy on Killing of Candida albicans In Vitro and in a Rabbit Model of Endocarditis and Pyelonephritis

Louie, Arnold, Kaw, Pamela, Banerjee, Partha, Liu, Weiguo, Chen, George, Miller, Michael H.

In vitro time-kill studies and a rabbit model of endocarditis and pyelonephritis were used to define the impact that the order of exposure of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B...

Pharmacodynamics of Daptomycin in a Murine Thigh Model of Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Louie, Arnold, Kaw, Pamela, Liu, Weiguo, Jumbe, Nelson, Miller, Michael H., Drusano, George L.

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. We defined the pharmacodynamic parameters that determine the activity of...

Pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin in the Serum and Vitreous Humor of Rabbits: Physicochemical Properties That Regulate Penetration of Quinolone Antimicrobials

Liu, Weiguo, Liu, Qing Feng, Perkins, Ruth, Drusano, George, Louie, Arnold, Madu, Assumpta, ...

We have used a recently described animal model to characterize the ocular pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in vitreous humor of uninfected albino rabbits following systemic administration and direct...

Pharmacokinetic Studies of Fluconazole in Rabbits Characterizing Doses Which Achieve Peak Levels in Serum and Area under the Concentration-Time Curve Values Which Mimic Those of High-Dose Fluconazole in Humans

Louie, Arnold, Liu, Qing-Feng, Drusano, George L., Liu, Weiguo, Mayers, Martin, Anaissie, Elias, ...

We conducted steady-state pharmacokinetic studies with high-dose fluconazole with rabbits and human volunteers. We then derived mathematical equations that predict the doses of fluconazole that...

Pharmacodynamics of Fluconazole in a Murine Model of Systemic Candidiasis

Louie, Arnold, Drusano, George L., Banerjee, Partha, Liu, Qing-Feng, Liu, Weiguo, Kaw, Pamela, ...

In this study we defined the pharmacodynamic parameter that optimizes outcome in deep-seated Candida albicans infections treated with fluconazole. Using a murine model of systemic candidiasis, we...

Pharmacokinetics of Pentoxifylline and Its Metabolites in Healthy Mice and in Mice Infected with Candida albicans

Miller, Kenneth, Louie, Arnold, Baltch, Aldona L., Smith, Raymond P., Davis, Patrick J., Gordon, Morris A.

Pentoxifylline has immunomodulatory properties and has been shown to decrease organ damage and improve survival in animals with gram-negative sepsis or endotoxemia. This effect is mediated by a...

Application of a mathematical model to prevent in vivo amplification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations during therapy

Jumbe, Nelson, Louie, Arnold, Leary, Robert, Liu, Weiguo, Deziel, Mark R., Tam, Vincent H., ...

The worldwide increase in the prevalence of multi-antibiotic–resistant bacteria has threatened the physician’s ability to provide appropriate therapy for infections. The relationship between...

Pharmacodynamic Evidence that Ciprofloxacin Failure against Tuberculosis Is Not Due to Poor Microbial Kill but to Rapid Emergence of Resistance

Gumbo, Tawanda, Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark R., Drusano, George L.

Studies of early bactericidal activity provide a fast and economic way to evaluate the clinical efficacy of potential agents for the treatment of tuberculosis. Based on good early bactericidal...

Pharmacodynamics of Caspofungin in a Murine Model of Systemic Candidiasis: Importance of Persistence of Caspofungin in Tissues to Understanding Drug Activity

Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark, Liu, Weiguo, Drusano, Michael F., Gumbo, Tawanda, Drusano, George L.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in a murine model of systemic candidiasis to determine the pharmacodynamic parameter linked with caspofungin efficacy. Additional studies...

Effective Antimicrobial Regimens for Use in Humans for Therapy of Bacillus anthracis Infections and Postexposure Prophylaxis†

Deziel, Mark R., Heine, Henry, Louie, Arnold, Kao, Mark, Byrne, William R., Basset, Jennifer, ...

Expanded options for treatments directed against pathogens that can be used for bioterrorism are urgently needed. Treatment regimens directed against such pathogens can be identified only by using...

Quinolone Efflux Pumps Play a Central Role in Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Jumbe, Nelson L., Louie, Arnold, Miller, Michael H., Liu, Weiguo, Deziel, Mark R., Tam, Vincent H., ...

The preferential use of older antimicrobial agents is, in general, sound public health policy and is meant to maintain susceptibility to newer agents. In the case of fluoroquinolones, however, this...

Interaction between Fluconazole and Amphotericin B in Mice with Systemic Infection Due to Fluconazole-Susceptible or -Resistant Strains of Candida albicans

Louie, Arnold, Banerjee, Partha, Drusano, George L., Shayegani, Mehdi, Miller, Michael H.

The interaction between fluconazole (Flu) and amphotericin B (AmB) was evaluated in a murine model of systemic candidiasis for one Flu-susceptible strain (MIC, 0.5 μg/ml), two strains with...

Impact of the Order of Initiation of Fluconazole and Amphotericin B in Sequential or Combination Therapy on Killing of Candida albicans In Vitro and in a Rabbit Model of Endocarditis and Pyelonephritis

Louie, Arnold, Kaw, Pamela, Banerjee, Partha, Liu, Weiguo, Chen, George, Miller, Michael H.

In vitro time-kill studies and a rabbit model of endocarditis and pyelonephritis were used to define the impact that the order of exposure of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B...

Pharmacodynamics of Daptomycin in a Murine Thigh Model of Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Louie, Arnold, Kaw, Pamela, Liu, Weiguo, Jumbe, Nelson, Miller, Michael H., Drusano, George L.

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. We defined the pharmacodynamic parameters that determine the activity of...

Pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin in the Serum and Vitreous Humor of Rabbits: Physicochemical Properties That Regulate Penetration of Quinolone Antimicrobials

Liu, Weiguo, Liu, Qing Feng, Perkins, Ruth, Drusano, George, Louie, Arnold, Madu, Assumpta, ...

We have used a recently described animal model to characterize the ocular pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in vitreous humor of uninfected albino rabbits following systemic administration and direct...

Pharmacokinetic Studies of Fluconazole in Rabbits Characterizing Doses Which Achieve Peak Levels in Serum and Area under the Concentration-Time Curve Values Which Mimic Those of High-Dose Fluconazole in Humans

Louie, Arnold, Liu, Qing-Feng, Drusano, George L., Liu, Weiguo, Mayers, Martin, Anaissie, Elias, ...

We conducted steady-state pharmacokinetic studies with high-dose fluconazole with rabbits and human volunteers. We then derived mathematical equations that predict the doses of fluconazole that...

Pharmacodynamics of Fluconazole in a Murine Model of Systemic Candidiasis

Louie, Arnold, Drusano, George L., Banerjee, Partha, Liu, Qing-Feng, Liu, Weiguo, Kaw, Pamela, ...

In this study we defined the pharmacodynamic parameter that optimizes outcome in deep-seated Candida albicans infections treated with fluconazole. Using a murine model of systemic candidiasis, we...

Pharmacokinetics of Pentoxifylline and Its Metabolites in Healthy Mice and in Mice Infected with Candida albicans

Miller, Kenneth, Louie, Arnold, Baltch, Aldona L., Smith, Raymond P., Davis, Patrick J., Gordon, Morris A.

Pentoxifylline has immunomodulatory properties and has been shown to decrease organ damage and improve survival in animals with gram-negative sepsis or endotoxemia. This effect is mediated by a...

Application of a mathematical model to prevent in vivo amplification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations during therapy

Jumbe, Nelson, Louie, Arnold, Leary, Robert, Liu, Weiguo, Deziel, Mark R., Tam, Vincent H., ...

The worldwide increase in the prevalence of multi-antibiotic–resistant bacteria has threatened the physician’s ability to provide appropriate therapy for infections. The relationship between...

Pharmacodynamic Evidence that Ciprofloxacin Failure against Tuberculosis Is Not Due to Poor Microbial Kill but to Rapid Emergence of Resistance

Gumbo, Tawanda, Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark R., Drusano, George L.

Studies of early bactericidal activity provide a fast and economic way to evaluate the clinical efficacy of potential agents for the treatment of tuberculosis. Based on good early bactericidal...

Pharmacodynamics of Caspofungin in a Murine Model of Systemic Candidiasis: Importance of Persistence of Caspofungin in Tissues to Understanding Drug Activity

Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark, Liu, Weiguo, Drusano, Michael F., Gumbo, Tawanda, Drusano, George L.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in a murine model of systemic candidiasis to determine the pharmacodynamic parameter linked with caspofungin efficacy. Additional studies...

Effective Antimicrobial Regimens for Use in Humans for Therapy of Bacillus anthracis Infections and Postexposure Prophylaxis†

Deziel, Mark R., Heine, Henry, Louie, Arnold, Kao, Mark, Byrne, William R., Basset, Jennifer, ...

Expanded options for treatments directed against pathogens that can be used for bioterrorism are urgently needed. Treatment regimens directed against such pathogens can be identified only by using...

Quinolone Efflux Pumps Play a Central Role in Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Jumbe, Nelson L., Louie, Arnold, Miller, Michael H., Liu, Weiguo, Deziel, Mark R., Tam, Vincent H., ...

The preferential use of older antimicrobial agents is, in general, sound public health policy and is meant to maintain susceptibility to newer agents. In the case of fluoroquinolones, however, this...

Anidulafungin Pharmacokinetics and Microbial Response in Neutropenic Mice with Disseminated Candidiasis▿

Gumbo, Tawanda , Drusano, George L., Liu, Weiguo, Ma, Lei, Deziel, Mark R., Drusano, Michael F. , ...

Candidemia is often fatal, especially in patients with persistent neutropenia. New therapies are needed. We performed 24-h pharmacodynamic studies to compare the efficacies of anidulafungin,...

Derivation of an In Vivo Drug Exposure Breakpoint for Flucytosine against Candida albicans and Impact of the MIC, Growth Rate, and Resistance Genotype on the Antifungal Effect▿

Hope, William W., Warn, Peter A., Sharp, Andrew, Howard, Susan, Kasai, Miki, Louie, Arnold, ...

Drug exposure or pharmacodynamic breakpoints refer to a magnitude of drug exposure which separates a population into groups with high and low probabilities of attaining a desired outcome. We used a...

Effect of Neutropenia and Treatment Delay on the Response to Antifungal Agents in Experimental Disseminated Candidiasis▿

Hope, William W., Drusano, George L., Moore, Caroline B., Sharp, Andrew, Louie, Arnold, Walsh, Thomas J., ...

Disseminated candidiasis is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The presence of neutrophils and the timely administration of antifungal agents are likely to be critical factors...

The Relationship between Quinolone Exposures and Resistance Amplification Is Characterized by an Inverted U: a New Paradigm for Optimizing Pharmacodynamics To Counterselect Resistance▿

Tam, Vincent H., Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark R., Liu, Weiguo, Drusano, George L.

We determined the relationship between garenoxacin exposure and quinolone-resistant subpopulations for three bacterial isolates in an in vitro hollow-fiber infection model. An “inverted-U”...

Once-Weekly Micafungin Therapy Is as Effective as Daily Therapy for Disseminated Candidiasis in Mice with Persistent Neutropenia▿

Gumbo, Tawanda, Drusano, George L., Liu, Weiguo, Kulawy, Robert W., Fregeau, Christine, Hsu, Vasha, ...

The effect of micafungin dose scheduling on the treatment of candidemia is unknown. Neutropenic mice with disseminated Candida glabrata infection were treated with single intraperitoneal micafungin...

Isoniazid Bactericidal Activity and Resistance Emergence: Integrating Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacogenomics To Predict Efficacy in Different Ethnic Populations▿

Gumbo, Tawanda, Louie, Arnold, Liu, Weiguo, Brown, David, Ambrose, Paul G., Bhavnani, Sujata M., ...

Isoniazid, administered as part of combination antituberculosis therapy, is responsible for most of the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of the regimen. However, the emergence of Mycobacterium...

Impact of Resistance Selection and Mutant Growth Fitness on the Relative Efficacies of Streptomycin and Levofloxacin for Plague Therapy▿

Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark R., Liu, Weiguo, Drusano, George L.

Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, is a potential agent of biowarfare and bioterrorism. The aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin is the gold standard for treatment. However, this...

Optimization of the Dosage of Flucytosine in Combination with Amphotericin B for Disseminated Candidiasis: a Pharmacodynamic Rationale for Reduced Dosing▿

Hope, William W., Warn, Peter A., Sharp, Andrew, Reed, Paul, Keevil, Brian, Louie, Arnold, ...

Amphotericin B and flucytosine (5FC) have an additive effect when used for disseminated candidiasis. Here, we bridge the results of an experimental pharmacodynamic study to humans and demonstrate...

In Vitro Infection Model Characterizing the Effect of Efflux Pump Inhibition on Prevention of Resistance to Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae▿

Louie, Arnold, Brown, David L., Liu, Weiguo, Kulawy, Robert W., Deziel, Mark R., Drusano, George L.

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is slowly rising as a consequence of the increased use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to treat community-acquired pneumonia. We...

Concentration-Dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Killing and Prevention of Resistance by Rifampin▿

Gumbo, Tawanda, Louie, Arnold, Deziel, Mark R., Liu, Weiguo, Parsons, Linda M., Salfinger, Max, ...

Rifampin is a cornerstone of modern antituberculosis therapy. However, rifampin's half-life of 3 h is believed to limit its utility for intermittent therapy, so new congeners with long half-lives are...