Techniques of cryogenic reactive ion etching in silicon for fabrication of sensors (2009)
Henry, M. David, Welch, Colin, Scherer, Axel
Cryogenic etching of silicon, using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher (ICP-RIE), has extraordinary properties which can lead to unique structures difficult to achieve using other...
Optofluidic circular grating distributed feedback dye laser (2009)
Chen, Yan, Li, Zhenyu, Henry, M. David, Scherer, Axel
We demonstrate an optically pumped surface emitting optofluidic dye laser using a second-order circular grating distributed feedback resonator. We present a composite bilayer soft lithography...
Electrically pumped hybrid evanescent Si/InGaAsP lasers (2009)
Sun, Xiankai, Zadok, Avi, Shearn, Michael J., Diest, Kenneth A., Ghaffari, Alireza, Atwater, Harry A., ...
Hybrid Si/III-V, Fabry-Perot evanescent lasers are demonstrated, utilizing InGaAsP as the III-V gain material for the first time to our knowledge. The lasing threshold current of 300-μm-long devices...
Takayesu, Jocelyn, Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Tom, Chan, Eric, Wang, Guangxi, Sullivan, Philip, ...
Pairing high-quality factor (Q) silicon-on-insulator microring resonators with rapidly tunable organic electrooptic claddings has allowed the first demonstration of a silicon-organic hybrid...
Wafer-bonded single-crystal silicon slot waveguides and ring resonators (2009)
Briggs, Ryan M., Shearn, Michael, Scherer, Axel, Atwater, Harry A.
We fabricated horizontal Si slot waveguides with a 25 nm SiO2 slot layer by bonding thin Si-on-insulator wafers. After removing the Si substrate and buried oxide from one side of the bonded...
High-resolution SPECT imaging of bony pathology in early arthritis of finger joints (2009)
Ostendorf, Benedikt, Wirrwar, Andreas, Mattes-György, Katalin, Iking-Konert, Christof, Blondin, Dirk, Mödder, Ulrich, ...
Microfluidic polymerase chain reaction (2008)
Maltezos, George, Gomez, Alvaro, Zhong, Jiang, Gomez, Frank A., Scherer, Axel
We implement microfluidic technology to miniaturize a thermal cycling system for amplifying DNA fragments. By using a microfluidic thermal heat exchanger to cool a Peltier junction, we have...
Microfluidic polymerase chain reaction (2008)
Maltezos, George, Gomez, Alvaro, Zhong, Jiang, Gomez, Frank A., Scherer, Axel
We implement microfluidic technology to miniaturize a thermal cycling system for amplifying DNA fragments. By using a microfluidic thermal heat exchanger to cool a Peltier junction, we have...
Shayan Mookherjea, Amnon Yariv, A. Tombrello, S. Cohen, David B. Rutledge, Axel Scherer
Translight is based on the Transfer Matrix Method developed by J. Pendry,
Kartalov, Emil P., Lin, David H., Lee, David T., Anderson, William F., Taylor, Clive R., Scherer, Axel
Herein we report on reliable reproducible quantification of protein analytes in human serum by fluorescence sandwich immunoassays in disposable PDMS microfluidic chips. The system requires 1000 times...
Electronic control of elastomeric microfluidic circuits with shape memory actuators (2008)
Vyawahare, Saurabh, Sitaula, Suresh, Martin, Sujitha, Adalian, Dvin, Scherer, Axel
Recently, sophisticated fluidic circuits with hundreds of independent valves have been built by using multi-layer soft-lithography to mold elastomers. However, this shrinking of microfluidic circuits...
All-Optical Modulation in a Silicon Waveguide Based on a Single-Photon Process (2008)
Baehr-Jones, Tom, Hochberg, Michael, Scherer, Axel
All-optical, low-power modulation is a major goal in photonics. Because of their high mode-field concentration and ease of manufacturing, nanoscale silicon waveguides offer an intriguing platform for...
Stripe sensor tomography (2008)
Barbic, Mladen, Vitava, Lvcian, Barrett, Christopher P., Emery, Teresa H., Scherer, Axel
We introduce a general concept of tomographic imaging for the case of an imaging sensor that has a stripelike shape. We first show that there is no difference, in principle, between two-dimensional...
Zhu, Lin, Sun, Xiankai, DeRose, Guy A., Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
We report the first room temperature CW operation of two dimensional single-mode edge-emitting photonic crystal Bragg lasers. Single-mode lasing with single-lobed, diffraction limited far-fields is...
A microfluidic processor for gene expression profiling of single human embryonic stem cells (2008)
Zhong, Jiang F., Chen, Yan, Marcus, Joshua S., Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R., Taylor, Clive R., ...
The gene expression of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is a critical aspect for understanding the normal and pathological development of human cells and tissues. Current bulk gene expression assays...
DISPOSABLE MICRODEVICES FOR DNA ANALYSIS AND CELL SORTING (2007)
Hou-pu Chou, Charles Spence, Anne Fu, Axel Scherer, Stephen Quake
We have developed microfabricated devices to size and sort microscopic objects, based on measurement of fluorescent properties. With these devices, we have demonstrated sizing and sorting on various...
Integrated Elastomer Fluidic Lab-on-a-chip -- (2007)
Surface Patterning And, Hou-pu Chou, Marc A. Unger, Axel Scherer, Stephen R. Quake
We recently developed a method of multilayer fabrication for elastomeric devices, which we used to fabricate monolithic active valves and pumps. Here we describe efforts to use these pumps and valves...
Electrical microfluidic pressure gauge for elastomer microelectromechanical systems (2007)
Kartalov, Emil P., Maltezos, George, Anderson, W. French, Taylor, Clive R., Scherer, Axel
We report on an electrical microfluidic pressure gauge. A polydimethylsiloxane microvalve closes at a characteristic applied pressure determined by the material's properties and the valve's...
Design and fabrication of segmented, slotted waveguides for electro-optic modulation (2007)
Wang, Guangxi, Baehr-Jones, Tom, Hochberg, Michael, Scherer, Axel
Recently, slotted waveguides have been used in conjunction with second order nonlinear optical polymers to provide a platform for electro-optic modulation at telecommunication frequencies. A...
Zhu, Lin, Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
We use a transfer matrix method to analyze the modal gain of transverse Bragg resonance (TBR) structures. We show that these TBR structures can support two types of modes characterized by different...
Design and fabrication of chemically robust three-dimensional microfluidic valves (2007)
Maltezos, George, Garcia, Erika, Hanrahan, Grady, Gomez, Frank A., Vyawhare, Saurabh, Van Dam, R. Michael, ...
A current problem in microfluidics is that poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), used to fabricate many microfluidic devices, is not compatible with most organic solvents. Fluorinated compounds are more...
Poon, Joyce K. S., Zhu, Lin, Choi, John M., DeRose, Guy A., Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
We investigate active, electrically pumped coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) in the form of InP-InGaAsP Fabry-Perot resonator arrays. We discuss the fabrication of these devices and...
Broeke, Ronald G., Cao, Jin, Ji, Chen, Seo, Sang-Woo, Du, Yixue, Fontaine, Nick K., ...
This paper describes the InP platforms for photonic integration and the development on these platforms of an optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) system for local area networks. We...
Spatial modal control of two-dimensional photonic crystal Bragg lasers (2007)
Zhu, Lin, Sun, Xiankai, DeRose, Guy A., Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
We investigate the modal losses and field distributions of different order transverse modes supported by the photonic crystal Bragg structure using a transfer matrix method. We find that only the...
Nanoimprinted circular grating distributed feedback dye laser (2007)
Chen, Yan, Li, Zhenyu, Zhang, Zhaoyu, Psaltis, Demetri, Scherer, Axel
The authors demonstrate an optically pumped surface emitting polymer dye laser fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. The laser is based on an organic dye hosted within a poly(methylmethacrylate)...
Zhu, Lin, Sun, Xiankai, DeRose, Guy A., Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
The authors demonstrate an electrically pumped, single-mode, large-area, edge-emitting InGaAsP/InP two dimensional photonic crystal Bragg laser operating in continuous-wave condition. The laser uses...
Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides (2007)
Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Thomas, Wang, Guangxi, Huang, Jingqing, Sullivan, Phil, Dalton, Larry, ...
We describe a class of modulator design involving slot waveguides and electro-optic polymer claddings. Such geometries enable massive enhancement of index tuning when compared to more conventional...
Electrically pumped edge-emitting photonic crystal lasers with angled facets (2007)
Zhu, Lin, DeRose, Guy A., Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
We demonstrate electrically pumped large-area edge-emitting InGaAsP/InP two-dimensional photonic crystal lasers with angled facets at room temperature. The laser uses a weak index perturbation...
Electrically-pumped, broad-area, single-mode photonic crystal lasers (2007)
Zhu, Lin, Chak, Philip, Poon, Joyce K. S., DeRose, Guy A., Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
Planar broad-area single-mode lasers, with modal widths of the order of tens of microns, are technologically important for high-power applications and improved coupling efficiency into optical...
Replication of three-dimensional valves from printed wax molds (2007)
Maltezos, George, Johnston, Matthew, Maltezos, Dimitrios G., Scherer, Axel
We describe microfluidic vias, channels and valves fabricated by replication molding of polydimethylsilicone (PDMS) into printed wax molds. Additionally we show how completely polymer embedded...
Kartalov, Emil P., Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R., Taylor, Clive R., Anderson, W. French
A systematic experimental study and theoretical modeling of the device physics of polydimethylsiloxane “pushdown” microfluidic valves are presented. The phase space is charted by 1587 dimension...
Visible submicron microdisk lasers (2007)
Zhang, Zhaoyu, Yang, Lan, Liu, Victor, Hong, Ting, Vahala, Kerry, Scherer, Axel
The authors describe the performance of submicron microdisk lasers fabricated within InGaP/InGaAlP quantum well material working at room temperature. The smallest lasers, with diameters of...
Surface plasmon enhanced bright light emission from InGaN/GaN (2007)
Okamoto, Koichi, Niki, Isamu, Shvartser, Alexander, Maltezos, George, Narukawa, Yukio, Mukai, Takashi, ...
Neal, Terrell D., Okamoto, Koichi, Scherer, Axel, Liu, Michelle S., Jen, Alex K.-Y.
The authors have experimentally verified that the light emission from conjugated polymers can be enhanced through the use of surface plasmon coupling layers. Carrier dynamics of such plasmon-enhanced...
Ultralow threshold on-chip microcavity nanocrystal quantum dot lasers (2006)
Min, Bumki, Kim, Sungjee, Okamoto, Koichi, Yang, Lan, Scherer, Axel, Atwater, Harry A., ...
Chemically synthesized nanocrystal, CdSe/ZnS (core/shell), quantum dots are coated on the surface of an ultrahigh-Q toroidal microcavity and the lasing is observed at room and liquid nitrogen...
Cui, Xiquan, Heng, Xin, Wu, Jigang, Yaqoob, Zahid, Scherer, Axel, Psaltis, Demetri, ...
We demonstrate a novel high-resolution portable beam profiler based on a slanted linear array of small apertures, termed a slanted hole array beam profiler (SHArP). The apertures are directly...
Two-dimensional Bragg grating lasers defined by electron-beam lithography (2006)
DeRose, Guy A., Zhu, Lin, Choi, John M., Poon, Joyce K. S., Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
Two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two quarter-wave slip line defects have been designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Unlike conventional...
Mechanically tunable optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser (2006)
Li, Zhenyu, Zhang, Zhaoyu, Scherer, Axel, Psaltis, Demetri
A continuously tunable optofluidic distributed feedback (DFB) dye laser was demonstrated on a monolithic replica molded poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chip. The optical feedback was provided by a...
Microfluidic vias enable nested bioarrays and autoregulatory devices in Newtonian fluids (2006)
Kartalov, Emil P., Walker, Christopher, Taylor, Clive R., Anderson, W. French, Scherer, Axel
We report on a fundamental technological advance for multilayer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics. Vertical passages (vias), connecting channels located in different layers, are fabricated...
Evaporative cooling in microfluidic channels (2006)
Maltezos, George, Rajagopal, Aditya, Scherer, Axel
Evaporative cooling is an effective and energy efficient way to rapidly remove heat from a system. Specifically, evaporative cooling in microfluidic channels can provide a cost-effective solution for...
Visible two-dimensional photonic crystal slab laser (2006)
Zhang, Zhaoyu, Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Zhu, Xiaoliang, Xu, Jiajing, Scherer, Axel
The authors describe the fabrication and performance of photonic crystal lasers fabricated within thin membranes of InGaP/InGaAlP quantum well material and emitting in the visible wavelength range....
Surface-plasmon enhanced bright emission from CdSe quantum-dot nanocrystals (2006)
Okamoto, Koichi, Vyawahare, Saurabh, Scherer, Axel
We obtained very bright light emission from CdSe quantum dots (QDs) by using the surface-plasmon (SP) coupling technique. 23-fold enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensities and two-fold increased PL...
Terahertz All-Optical Modulation in a Silicon-Polymer Hybrid System (2006)
Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Tom, Wang, Guangxi, Shearn, Michael, Harvard, Katherine, Liu, Jingdong, ...
Although Gigahertz-scale free-carrier modulators have been previously demonstrated in silicon, intensity modulators operating at Terahertz speeds have not been reported because of silicon's weak...
Electrically pumped two-dimensional Bragg grating lasers (2006)
Zhu, Lin, Choi, John M., DeRose, Guy A., Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
We demonstrate electrically pumped InGaAsP two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two line defects. The 2DBG structure uses a weak 2D index perturbation surface grating to control the...
Stray Field Magnetic Resonance Tomography using Ferromagnetic Spheres (2006)
The methodology for obtaining two- and three-dimensional magnetic resonance images by using azimuthally symmetric dipolar magnetic fields from ferromagnetic spheres is described. We utilize the...
Field emission testing of carbon nanotubes for THz frequency vacuum microwave tube sources (2006)
Monahara, Harish, Dang, Wen Lien, Siegel, Peter H., Hoenk, Michael, Husain, Ali, Scherer, Axel
A carbon nanotube-based high current density electron field emission source is under development at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for submillimeter-wave power generation.
Single mode optofluidic distributed feedback dye laser (2006)
Li, Zhenyu, Zhang, Zhaoyu, Emery, Teresa, Scherer, Axel, Psaltis, Demetri
Single frequency lasing from organic dye solutions on a monolithic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer chip is demonstrated. The laser cavity consists of a single mode liquid core/PDMS cladding...
Nanofluidic tuning of photonic crystal circuits (2006)
Erickson, David, Rockwood, Troy, Emery, Teresa, Scherer, Axel, Psaltis, Demetri
By integrating soft-lithography-based nanofluidics with silicon nanophotonics, we demonstrate dynamic, liquid-based addressing and high Delta n/n(~0.1) refractive index modulation of individual...
Analysis of the Tuning Sensitivity of Silicon-on-Insulator Optical Ring Resonators (2005)
Baehr-Jones, Tom, Hochberg, Michael, Walker, Chris, Chan, Eric, Koshinz, Dennis, Krug, William, ...
High-quality-factor optical ring resonators have recently been fabricated in thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Practical applications of such devices will require careful tuning of the precise...
Lithographically fabricated optical cavities for refractive index sensing (2005)
Adams, Mark, DeRose, Guy A., Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel
Since the development of distributed Bragg gratings, high resolution lithography and etching have been applied towards the concentration of light. The most important application of lithographically...
Okamoto, Koichi, Scherer, Axel, Kawakami, Yoichi
Time-resolved microscopic transient lens (TR-M-TL) and near-field scanning optical microscopic transient lens (NSOM-TL) were performed to reveal temporal and spatial behavior of carrier dynamics in...
Thermal management in microfluidics using micro-Peltier junctions (2005)
Maltezos, George, Johnston, Matthew, Scherer, Axel
We report refrigeration and heating of nanoliter fluid volumes with micro-Peltier junctions. The temperature of small liquid reservoirs can be rapidly changed and controlled within a range between -3...
Okamoto, Koichi, Niki, Isamu, Scherer, Axel, Narukawa, Yukio, Mukai, Takashi, Kawakami, Yoichi
We observed a 32-fold increase in the spontaneous emission rate of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) at 440 nm by employing surface plasmons (SPs) probed by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. We...
Surface plasmon enhanced emission from dye doped polymer layers (2005)
Neal, Terrell D., Okamoto, Koichi, Scherer, Axel
We have experimentally verified that the emission of visible light from dye doped polymers can be enhanced with the use of surface plasmon coupling. By matching the plasmon frequency of a thin...
Fabrication of a tungsten master stamp using self-ordered porous alumina (2005)
Choi, Jinsub, Park, Young-Bae, Scherer, Axel
We describe the preparation of a tungsten pillar nanoimprint stamp without the use of lithography and etching techniques. Structures with heights of 15 nm were prepared on the basis of self-ordered...
Microfluidic integration of porous photonic crystal nanolasers for chemical sensing (2005)
Adams, Mark L., Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel, Qiu, Yueming
We have recently developed planar photonic crystal nanolasers based on porous cavity designs. High-quality factor cavities confine light within the pores of the photonic crystal and, thus, our lasers...
Segmented waveguides in thin silicon-on-insulator (2005)
Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Tom, Walker, Chris, Witzens, Jeremy, Gunn, Lawrence C., Scherer, Axel
We have developed new silicon-on-insulator waveguide designs for simultaneously achieving both low-loss optical confinement and electrical contacts, and we present a design methodology based on...
Optically triggered Q-switched photonic crystal laser (2005)
Maune, Brett, Witzens, Jeremy, Baehr-Jones, Thomas, Kolodrubetz, Michael, Atwater, Harry, Scherer, Axel, ...
An optically triggered liquid crystal infiltrated Q-switched photonic crystal laser is demonstrated. A photonic crystal laser cavity was designed and fabricated to support two orthogonally polarized...
Green, William M. J., Lee, Reginald K., DeRose, Guy A., Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
An InGaAsP-InP optical switch geometry based on electrical control of waveguide-resonator coupling is demonstrated. Thermooptic tuning of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer integrated with a racetrack...
Monolithic integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with in-plane waveguides (2005)
Witzens, Jeremy, Scherer, Axel, Pickrell, Gregory, Louderback, Duane, Guilfoyle, Peter
The ability to couple light from a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser into a planar, on-chip waveguide creates new opportunities for achieving higher levels of integration and functionality. Here...
High-Q optical resonators in silicon-on-insulator-based slot waveguides (2005)
Baehr-Jones, Tom, Hochberg, Michael, Walker, Chris, Scherer, Axel
This letter describes the design, fabrication and characterization of high-Q oval resonators based on slot waveguide geometries in thin silicon-on-insulator material. Optical quality factors of up to...
Hybrid superprism with low insertion losses and suppressed cross-talk (2005)
Witzens, Jeremy, Baehr-Jones, Thomas, Scherer, Axel
We demonstrate with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method that an adiabatic transition in a superprism with an interface along the [1 [overline 2]] direction enhances the...
Oldenburg, Univ., Diss., 2005.
Nanomagnetic Planar Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Lens (2004)
The achievement of three-dimensional atomic resolution magnetic resonance microscopy remains one of the main challenges in the visualization of biological molecules. The prospects for single spin...
Okamoto, Koichi, Zhang, Zhaoyu, Scherer, Axel, Wei, David T.
We have developed a mask pattern transferred transient grating (MPT-TG) technique by using metal grating films. Transient thermal grating is generated by an ultraviolet light pattern transfer to...
Integrated plasmon and dielectric waveguides (2004)
Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Tom, Walker, Chris, Scherer, Axel
We have designed, fabricated and characterized surface plasmon waveguides for near infrared light in the telecommunications spectrum. These waveguides exhibit losses of -1.2dB/μm and can guide light...
Green, William M. J., Scheuer, Jacob, DeRose, Guy A., Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
Optical microresonators based on an annular geometry of radial Bragg reflectors have been designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography, reactive ion etching, and an epitaxial transfer...
High-Q ring resonators in thin silicon-on-insulator (2004)
Baehr-Jones, Tom, Hochberg, Michael, Walker, Chris, Scherer, Axel
We have fabricated high-Q microrings from thin silicon-on-insulater SOI layers and measured Q values of 45 000 in these rings, which were then improved to 57 000 by adding a PMMA cladding. The...
Liquid-crystal electric tuning of a photonic crystal laser (2004)
Maune, Brett, Lončar, Marko, Witzens, Jeremy, Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Thomas, Psaltis, Demetri, ...
An electrically tuned nematic liquid-crystal (LC) infiltrated photonic crystal (PC) laser is demonstrated. This PC laser represents an emerging class of nanoscale optical adaptive devices enabled by...
Scheinert, Susanne, Doll, Theodor, Scherer, Axel, Paasch, Gernot, Hörselmann, Ingo
We developed an underetching technique to define submicrometer channel length polymer field-effect transistors. Short-channel effects are avoided by using thin silicon dioxide as gate insulator. The...
High frequency oscillation in photonic crystal nanolasers (2004)
Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel, Qiu, Yueming
We observed modulated oscillations in lasers of up to 130 GHz by conducting frequency domain measurements on photonic crystal lasers with built-in saturable absorbers. This is an example of how the...
Two-dimensional magnetic resonance tomographic microscopy using ferromagnetic probes (2004)
We introduce the concept of computerized tomographic microscopy in magnetic resonance imaging using the magnetic fields and field gradients from a ferromagnetic probe. We investigate a configuration...
Lončar, Marko, Hochberg, Michael, Scherer, Axel, Qiu, Yueming
We propose and analyze a new photonic crystal cavity design that supports a dipole mode with a quality factor greater than 20,000. Such a high quality factor is obtained by precise tuning of the...
Mode matching interface for efficient coupling of light into planar photonic crystals (2004)
Witzens, Jeremy, Hochberg, Michael, Baehr-Jones, Thomas, Scherer, Axel
In order to integrate superdispersive elements based on photonic crystals, such as the superprism, with conventional integrated optics, insertion losses at the interface to the photonic crystal need...
Direct Write Laser Lithography System (2004)
The Heidelberg Instruments laser writer was purchased in July 2002, arrived in November 2002, and was fully operational after several months of optimization and hardware troubleshooting in April...
Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers (2003)
Maune, Brett, Lawson, Rhys, Gunn, Cary, Scherer, Axel, Dalton, Larry
We have demonstrated electrical tuning in ring resonators fabricated from silicon-on-insulator wafers by incorporating nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) as the waveguide top and side cladding material....
Atom mirror etched from a hard drive (2003)
Lev, Benjamin, Lassailly, Yves, Lee, Chungsok, Scherer, Axel, Mabuchi, Hideo
We describe the fabrication of an atom mirror by etching of a common hard drive, and we report the observation of specular retroreflection of 11 muK cesium atoms using this mirror. The atoms were...
Photonic crystal laser sources for chemical detection (2003)
Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel, Qiu, Yueming
We have realized photonic crystal lasers that permit the introduction of analyte within the peak of the optical field of the lasing mode. We have explored the design compromises for developing such...
Two-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Tomographic Microscopy using Ferromagnetic Probes (2003)
We introduce the concept of computerized tomographic microscopy in magnetic resonance imaging using the magnetic fields and field gradients from a ferromagnetic probe. We investigate a configuration...
An atom mirror etched from a hard drive (2003)
Lev, Benjamin, Lassailly, Yves, Lee, Chungsok, Scherer, Axel, Mabuchi, Hideo
We describe the fabrication of an atom mirror by etching of a common hard drive, and we report the observation of specular retroreflection of 11 uk cesium atoms using this mirror. The atoms were...
Near-field scanning optical microscopy of photonic crystal nanocavities (2003)
Okamoto, Koichi, Lončar, Marko, Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Scherer, Axel, Qiu, Yueming, Gogna, Pawan
Near-field scanning optical microscopy was used to observe high-resolution images of confined modes and photonic bands of planar photonic crystal (PPC) nanocavities fabricated in active InGaAsP...
Elemental surface analysis at ambient pressure by electron-induced x-ray fluorescence (2003)
Feldman, Jason E., Wilcox, Jaroslava Z., George, Thomas, Barsic, David N., Scherer, Axel
The development of a portable surface elemental analysis tool, based on the excitation of characteristic x rays from samples at ambient pressure with a focused electron beam is described. This...
Microfabricated Fountain Pens for High-Density DNA Arrays (2003)
Reese, Matthew O., Van Dam, R. Michae, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R.
We used photolithographic microfabrication techniques to create very small stainless steel fountain pens that were installed in place of conventional pens on a microarray spotter. Because of the...
Microfabricated Fountain Pens for High-Density DNA Arrays (2003)
Reese, Matthew O., Van Dam, R. Michael, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R.
We used photolithographic microfabrication techniques to create very small stainless steel fountain pens that were installed in place of conventional pens on a microarray spotter. Because of the...
Sample-detector coupling in atomic resolution magnetic resonance diffraction (2002)
A technique for potential realization of atomic resolution magnetic resonance diffraction was recently proposed for the case of a crystalline sample in proximity of a ferromagnetic sphere [M. Barbic,...
Self-Collimation in Planar Photonic Crystals (2002)
Witzens, Jeremy, Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel
We analyze, in three dimensions, the dispersion properties of dielectric slabs perforated with two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) of square symmetry. The band diagrams are calculated for all...
Low-threshold photonic crystal laser (2002)
Lončar, Marko, Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Scherer, Axel, Gogna, Pawan, Qiu, Yueming
We have fabricated photonic crystal nanocavity lasers, based on a high-quality factor design that incorporates fractional edge dislocations. Lasers with InGaAsP quantum well active material emitting...
Optimization of three-dimensional micropost microcavities for cavity quantum electrodynamics (2002)
Vuckovic, Jelena, Pelton, Matthew, Scherer, Axel, Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
This article presents a detailed analysis, based on the first-principles finite-difference time-domain method, of the resonant frequency, quality factor (Q), mode volume (V), and radiation pattern of...
Design of photonic crystal microcavities for cavity QED (2002)
Vuckovic, Jelena, Loncar, Marko, Mabuchi, Hideo, Scherer, Axel
We discuss the optimization of optical microcavity designs based on 2D photonic crystals for the purpose of strong coupling between the cavity field and a single neutral atom trapped within a hole....
Optimization of three-dimensional micropost microcavities for cavity quantum electrodynamics (2002)
Vučković, Jelena, Pelton, Matthew, Scherer, Axel, Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
This paper presents a detailed analysis, based on the first-principles finite-difference time-domain method, of the resonant frequency, quality factor (Q), mode volume (V), and radiation pattern of...
Optimization of the Q factor in photonic crystal microcavities (2002)
Vučković, Jelena, Lončar, Marko, Mabuchi, Hideo, Scherer, Axel
We express the quality factor of a mode in terms of the Fourier transforms of its field components and prove that the reduction in radiation loss can be achieved by suppressing the mode's wavevector...
Lončar, Marko, Nedeljkovic, Dusan, Pearsall, Thomas P., Vučković, Jelena, Scherer, Axel, Kuchinsky, Sergey, ...
The dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in the planar photonic crystal waveguide is experimentally obtained for the wavelengths from 1440 to 1590 nm. A small stop band, around wavelength 1500 nm,...
Photonic crystals for confining, guiding, and emitting light (2002)
Scherer, Axel, Painter, Oskar, Vučković, Jelena, Lončar, Marko, Yoshie, Tomoyuki
We show that by using the photonic crystals, we can confine, guide, and emit light efficiently. By precise control over the geometry and three-dimensional design, it is possible to obtain high...
Design of photonic crystal microcavities for cavity QED (2002)
Vučković, Jelena, Lončar, Marko, Mabuchi, Hideo, Scherer, Axel
We discuss the optimization of optical microcavity designs based on two-dimensional photonic crystals for the purpose of strong coupling between the cavity field and a single neutral atom trapped...
Nano-scale optical and quantum optical devices based on photonic crystals (2002)
Vučković, Jelena, Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Lončar, Marko, Mabuchi, Hideo, Scherer, Axel
We review our theoretical and experimental work on functional optical devices based on planar photonic crystals. Beside standard photonic applications, these structures can also be used as building...
High quality two-dimensional photonic crystal slab cavities (2001)
Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Vučković, Jelena, Scherer, Axel, Chen, Hao, Deppe, Dennis
We have fabricated and characterized donor-mode nanocavities formed by a single defect cavity defined within a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Quantum dots emitting in the 1.1-1.3 micron range...
Painter, Oskar, Srinivasan, Kartik, O’Brien, John D., Scherer, Axel, Dapkus, P. Daniel
Optically thin dielectric slabs, in which a fully etched-through two-dimensional patterning is applied, are used to form high-Q optical cavities with modal volumes approaching the theoretical limit...
Methods for controlling positions of guided modes of photonic-crystal waveguides (2001)
Lončar, Marko, Vučković, Jelena, Scherer, Axel
We analyze different methods for controlling positions of guided modes of planar photonic-crystal waveguides. Methods based both on rearrangements of holes in the photonic-crystal lattice and on...
Role of distributed Bragg reflection in photonic-crystal optical waveguides (2001)
Adibi, Ali, Xu, Yong, Lee, Reginald K., Lončar, Marko, Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
We show that the properties of the confined modes of a photonic band-gap (PBG) waveguide can be calculated with good accuracy by replacing it with an effective corrugated waveguide that represents...
Guiding mechanisms in dielectric-core photonic-crystal optical waveguides (2001)
Adibi, Ali, Xu, Yong, Lee, Reginald K., Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
We show that the main guiding mechanisms in dielectric-core photonic crystal optical waveguides are total internal reflection and distributed Bragg reflection. We also show that by placing a slab of...
Yoshie, Tomoyuki, Scherer, Axel, Chen, Hao, Huffaker, Diana, Deppe, Dennis
We have characterized the modes within two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities with self-organized indium arsenide quantum dots as an active material. Highly localized donor mode resonances...
Barbic, Mladen, Schultz, Sheldon, Wong, Joyce, Scherer, Axel
An experimental study of the recording processes in patterned magnetic media is presented. The reading of patterned media using spin-valve elements is compared to the signal levels from...
Planar photonic crystal (2001)
Nedeljkovic, Dusan, Pearsall, T. P., Kuchinsky, S. A., Mikhailov, M. D., Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel
We present results of guiding light in a single-line-defect planar photonic crystal (PPC) waveguide with 90° and 60° bends. The wave guiding is obtained by total internal reflection perpendicular...
Properties of the slab modes in photonic crystal optical waveguides (2000)
Adibi, Ali, Xu, Yong, Lee, Reginald K., Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
We show that by placing a slab of semiconductor material between two photonic bandgap (PBG) mirrors, waveguide modes at frequencies out of the PBC; can he obtained. These modes are similar to the...
Design and Fabrication of Silicon Photonic Crystal Optical Waveguides (2000)
Lončar, Marko, Doll, Theodor, Vučković, Jelena, Scherer, Axel
We have designed and fabricated waveguides that incorporate two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal geometry for lateral confinement of light, and total internal reflection for vertical confinement....
Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode (2000)
Vučković, Jelena, Lončar, Marko, Scherer, Axel
A method for enhancing the emission properties of light-emitting diodes, by coupling to surface plasmons, is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The analyzed structure consists of a...
Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals (2000)
Lončar, Marko, Nedeljkovic, Dusan, Doll, Theodor, Vučković, Jelena, Scherer, Axel, Pearsall, Thomas P.
Photonic crystal planar circuits designed and fabricated in silicon on silicon dioxide are demonstrated. Our structures are based on two-dimensional confinement by photonic crystals in the plane of...
Low-energy electron beam focusing in self-organized porous alumina vacuum windows (2000)
Doll, T., Vučković, J., Hochberg, M., Scherer, Axel
Micromachined, micron-thick porous alumina membranes with closed pore endings show high electron transparency above an energy of 5 keV. This is due to the channeling of electrons along the negatively...
Emission properties of a defect cavity in a two-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal slab (2000)
Lee, Reginald K., Painter, Oskar, Kitzke, Benjamin, Scherer, Axel, Yariv, Amnon
A single isolated defect within a two-dimensional photonic crystal semiconductor slab is shown to provide a lithographically tunable doubly degenerate emission resonance within the photonic bandgap,...
Diffractive lens fabricated with binary features less than 60 nm (2000)
Mait, Joseph N., Scherer, Axel, Dial, Oliver, Prather, Dennis W., Gao, Xiang
We designed, fabricated, and characterized a binary diffractive lens with features less than 60nm. The lens was designed for operation in the red portion of the spectrum. Experimental measurements of...
Surface plasmon enhanced LED (2000)
Vučković, Jelena, Lončar, Marko, Painter, Oskar, Scherer, Axel
Summary form only given. We designed and fabricated an LED based on a thin semiconductor membrane (λ/2) with silver mirrors. A large spontaneous emission enhancement and a high modulation speed are...
From micro- to nanofabrication with soft materials (2000)
Stephen R. Quake, Axel Scherer
Soft materials are finding applications in areas ranging from microfluidic device technology to nanofabrication. We review recent work in these areas, discuss the motivation for device fabrication...
Monolithic Microfabricated (2000)
Valves And Pumps, Marc A. Unger, Hou-pu Chou, Todd Thorsen, Axel Scherer, Stephen R. Quake
entially added and patterned to make 3D structures. Bulk and surface micromachining methods are limited by the materials used. The semiconductor-type materials typically used in bulk and surface...
Perpendicular patterned media in an (Al0.9Ga0.1)2O3/GaAs substrate for magnetic storage (1999)
Wong, Joyce, Scherer, Axel, Barbic, Mladen, Schultz, Sheldon
By using electron beam lithography, chemically assisted ion beam etching, and electroplating, we have fabricated high aspect ratio magnetic columns, 60–170 nm in diameter, embedded in an...
Guest editorial: Electromagnetic crystal structures, design, synthesis, and applications (1999)
Scherer, Axel, Doll, Theodore, Yablonovitch, Eli, Everitt, Henry O., Higgins, John Aiden
A new paradigm has emerged in which the band structure concepts of solid-state physics are applied to electromagnetics. This has led to a profusion of scientific creativity as new forms of...
Vučković, Jelena, Painter, Oskar, Xu, Yong, Scherer, Axel
We present a general method for the β factor calculation in optical microcavities. The analysis is based on the classical model for atomic transitions in a semiconductor active medium. The...
Coupled-resonator optical waveguide: a proposal and analysis (1999)
Yariv, Amnon, Xu, Yong, Lee, Reginald K., Scherer, Axel
We propose a new type of optical waveguide that consists of a sequence of coupled high- Q resonators. Unlike other types of optical waveguide, waveguiding in the coupled-resonator optical waveguide...
Writing and reading of single magnetic domain per bit perpendicular patterned media (1999)
Todorovic, Mladen, Schultz, Sheldon, Wong, Joyce, Scherer, Axel
By fabricating patterned media with a large number of nanoscale single domain magnetic particles embedded in a nonmagnetic substrate, and by writing the magnetization for each of these particles in a...
Wong, Joyce, Scherer, Axel, Todorovic, Mladen, Schultz, Sheldon
In a new approach, we have fabricated 6:1 aspect ratio magnetic nanocolumns, 60–250 nm in diameter, embedded in a hard aluminum-oxide/gallium-arsenide (Al2O3/GaAs) substrate. The fabrication...
A microfabricated device for sizing and sorting DNA molecules (1999)
Chou, Hou-Pu, Spence, Charles, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R.
We have demonstrated a microfabricated single-molecule DNA sizing device. This device does not depend on mobility to measure molecule size, is 100 times faster than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,...
High resolution lithography and directional ion etching are increasingly important for the fabrication of nanostructures. As part of this equipment proposal, a reactive ion etching system was...
Wehrspohn, Raif, Garcia-Vidal, Francisco, Notomi, Masaya, Scherer, Axel
Symposium W, "Engineered Porosity for Microphotonics and Plasmonics," held December 2-A at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, combined the areas of optical nanoparticles,...
Monolithic Integration of Microfluidics and Optoelectronics for Biological Analysis (1998)
We have integrated microfluidic structures with optoelectronic lasers in the same device. Very sensitive and ultra-small laser sensors could be connected to fluidic systems by using microfluidic...
Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel, Green, William
Precise control of coupling between waveguides and resonant cavities enables the realization of several novel and improved devices, including low-power modulators, switches, filters, and wavelength...
Modal reflectivity in finite-depth two-dimensional photonic-crystal microcavities (1998)
D'Urso, Brian, Painter, Oskar, O'Brien, John, Tombrello, Tom, Yariv, Amnon, Scherer, Axel
We present finite-difference time-domain calculations of the Q factor for an optical microcavity defined by a slab waveguide and two-dimensional photonic-crystal end mirrors. The effect of the finite...
New fabrication techniques for high quality photonic crystals (1997)
Cheng, Chuan C., Scherer, Axel, Tyan, Rong-Chung, Fainman, Yeshayahu, Witzgall, George, Yablonovitch, Eli
We have developed new methods for the fabrication of high quality two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals. These techniques involve anisotropic etching and steam oxidation...
Surface micromachined membranes for tunnel transducers (1997)
Wong, Joyce, Scherer, Axel, George, Thomas
We have developed low-temperature surface micromachining procedures for the fabrication of suspended SiO2/Si3N4 membranes. This fabrication method was integrated with electron beam lithography,...
Tyan, Rong-Chung, Salvekar, Atul A., Chou, Hou-Pu, Cheng, Chuan-Cheng, Scherer, Axel, Sun, Pang-Chen, ...
Polarizing beam splitters that use the anisotropic spectral reflectivity (ASR) characteristic of high-spatial-frequency multilayer binary gratings have been designed, fabricated, and characterized....
Form-birefringent computer-generated holograms (1996)
Xu, Fang, Tyan, Rong-Chung, Sun, Pang-Chen, Fainman, Yeshayahu, Cheng, Chuan-Cheng, Scherer, Axel
Polarization-selective computer-generated holograms made with form-birefringent nanostructures were designed, fabricated, and evaluated experimentally at 1.5 µm. The fabricated element showed a...
Fabrication, modeling, and characterization of form-birefringent nanostructures (1995)
Xu, Fang, Tyan, Rong-Chung, Sun, Pang-Chen, Fainman, Yeshayahu, Cheng, Chuan-Cheng, Scherer, Axel
A 490-nm-deep nanostructure with a period of 200 nm was fabricated in a GaAs substrate by use of electron-beam lithography and dry-etching techniques. The form birefringence of this microstructure...
Hybrid-aligned nematic liquid-crystal modulators fabricated on VLSI circuits (1995)
Drolet, Jean-Jacques P., Patel, Jay S., Haritos, Konstantinos G., Xu, Weihua, Scherer, Axel, Psaltis, Demetri
A new method for fabricating analog light modulators on VLSI devices is described. The process is fully compatible with devices fabricated by commercial VLSI foundries, and the assembly of the...
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A microfabricated device for sizing and sorting DNA molecules
Chou, Hou-Pu, Spence, Charles, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen
We have demonstrated a microfabricated single-molecule DNA sizing device. This device does not depend on mobility to measure molecule size, is 100 times faster than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,...
Microfabricated Fountain Pens for High-Density DNA Arrays
Reese, Matthew O., Van Dam, R. Michae, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R.
We used photolithographic microfabrication techniques to create very small stainless steel fountain pens that were installed in place of conventional pens on a microarray spotter. Because of the...
A microfabricated device for sizing and sorting DNA molecules
Chou, Hou-Pu, Spence, Charles, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen
We have demonstrated a microfabricated single-molecule DNA sizing device. This device does not depend on mobility to measure molecule size, is 100 times faster than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,...
Microfabricated Fountain Pens for High-Density DNA Arrays
Reese, Matthew O., Van Dam, R. Michae, Scherer, Axel, Quake, Stephen R.
We used photolithographic microfabrication techniques to create very small stainless steel fountain pens that were installed in place of conventional pens on a microarray spotter. Because of the...
Microfluidic vias enable nested bioarrays and autoregulatory devices in Newtonian fluids
Kartalov, Emil P., Walker, Christopher, Taylor, Clive R., Anderson, W. French, Scherer, Axel
We report on a fundamental technological advance for multilayer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics. Vertical passages (vias), connecting channels located in different layers, are fabricated...