Public policy: Its many analytical dimensions
Rausser, Gordon C., Goodhue, Rachael E., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Food security and food assistance programs
Barrett, Christopher B., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Widespread hunger and malnutrition persist today despite considerable growth in per capita food availability. This has prompted an evolving conceptualization of food security and of mechanisms to...
Goodhue, Rachael E., Rausser, Gordon C., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Important advancements in agricultural economics have combined the insights of the economic discipline and its analytical paradigm with the practical and scientific knowledge of agriculture. We...
Expectations, information and dynamics
Nerlove, Marc, Bessler, David A., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The role of expectations in the empirical analysis of agricultural supply is examined under the assumption of separation of expectations and constraints in dynamic decision making. Extrapolative,...
Structural change in agricultural production: Economics, technology and policy
Chavas, Jean-Paul, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Over the last few decades, the structure of agricultural production around the world has been changing. An economic analysis of the factors influencing this evolution is presented. Special attention...
The agricultural producer: Theory and statistical measurement
Just, Richard E., Pope, Rulon D., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Handbook of Agricultural Economics
Agricultural, Marketing, Distribution and Consumers
Handbook of Agricultural Economics
Agricultural, Marketing, Distribution and Consumers
The incidence of agricultural policy
Alston, Julian M., James, Jennifer S., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter first discusses what economists mean by "the incidence of agricultural policy" and why we care about it. Then it reviews models of the determinants of the differential incidence of...
Information, incentives, and the design of agricultural policies
Chambers, Robert G., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter surveys studies that have used the methods of mechanism design, optimal taxation, nonlinear pricing, and principal-agent analyses in the analysis of agricultural policy. The optimal...
Market failures and second-best analysis with a focus on nutrition, credit, and incomplete markets
Innes, Robert, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter studies second-best models of nutritional externalities, credit, and incomplete markets for risk, developing implications for welfare-improving government policy using primitive economic...
Political economy of agricultural policy
De Gorter, Harry, Swinnen, Johan, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Explanations are provided for why governments do as they do in agriculture. Alternative frameworks are assessed to explain government policy including collective action and politician-voter...
A synthesis of agricultural trade economics
Karp, Larry S., Perloff, Jeffrey M., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Government intervention in agricultural sectors in both developed and developing countries has resulted in huge distortions in international markets. We describe the types of policies used in the...
International trade policy and negotiations
Sumner, Daniel A., Tangermann, Stefan, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Trade policy has been one of the most important issues in agricultural economics for more than 200 years. Our focus here is on evaluating relatively recent contributions to the understanding of...
Food security and the world food situation
Duncan, R.C., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The major food projection agencies see per capita food supplies continuing to increase and real prices of foodstuffs continuing to decline. This trend in food prices has made, and will continue to...
Policy-related developments in agricultural economics: Synthesis of handbook volume 2
Gardner, Bruce L., Gale Johnson, D., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Extension of factual and analytical work to policy issues has been a feature of agricultural economics from its beginnings, but only in recent decades have these efforts become part of the scientific...
The economics of agriculture in developing countries: The role of the environment
Lopez, Ramon, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter is concerned with agricultural supply responses in developing countries. Its main emphasis is in explicitly considering the dynamics of the natural resource base (e.g., soil quality,...
Agriculture and the environment
Lichtenberg, Erik, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The distinctive nature of environmental quality problems in agriculture -- an industry based on the extraction of highly variable natural resources under stochastic conditions -- has important...
Agriculture and ecosystem services
Heal, Geoffrey M., Small, Arthur A., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
A broad range of agriculture-environment interactions can be organized around the concept of agriculture as a producer and consumer of ecosystem services. Viewed as capital assets, ecosystems embody...
Applied general equilibrium analysis of agricultural and resource policies
Hertel, Thomas W., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter reviews the literature on applied general equilibrium analysis of agricultural and resource policies. It begins with a historical overview, followed by an assessment of the benefits of...
Agriculture and the macroeconomy, with emphasis on developing countries
Schiff, Maurice, Valdes, Alberto, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Based on an economy-wide perspective, this paper begins with a discussion of the bias against exports and agriculture that characterized the economic literature and the development strategies in many...
The macroeconomics of agriculture
Ardeni, Pier Giorgio, Freebairn, John, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The existence of linkages between the agricultural sector and the rest of the economy points to the specificity of that sector and justifies why we can conceive of a macroeconomics of agriculture....
Agriculture and economic development
Timmer, C. Peter, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter takes an analytical look at the potential role of agriculture in contributing to economic growth, and develops a framework for understanding and quantifying this contribution. The...
The rural sector in transition economies
Brooks, Karen, Nash, John, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Inefficiencies in agriculture in Eastern and Central Europe and the Soviet Union contributed to the financial collapse of the socialist system. Yet during the transition, agricultural production has...
Rural development and rural policy
De Janvry, Alain, Sadoulet, Elisabeth, Murgai, Rinku, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Rural development policy addresses the welfare of rural households and communities. With a majority of the world's poor located in rural areas, the resilience of rural poverty in industrialized...
Agriculture in the macroeconomy: Theory and measurement
Abbott, Philip, McCalla, Alex, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Macroeconomic events and policies strongly influence agricultural sector outcomes. Chapters synthesized here delineate both feed-forward and feedback linkages between agriculture and the...
Williams, Jeffrey C., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Organized exchanges have evolved methods for enforcing contracts, which allow the contracts themselves to be traded at low cost. Theorists have modeled futures contracts as tools for risk management,...
Storage and price stabilization
Wright, Brian, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Commodity storage models, developed first within agricultural economics in the tradition of Gustafson (1958), are valuable in helping us understand how prices of storable commodity markets behave,...
Food processing and distribution: An industrial organization approach
Sexton, Richard J., Lavoie, Nathalie, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter focuses upon competitive relationships in agricultural markets. These markets often exhibit high and increasing levels of buyer and/or seller concentration. Both food manufacturing and...
Marketing margins: Empirical analysis
Wohlgenant, Michael K., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The marketing margin, characterized as some function of the difference between retail and farm price of a given farm product, is intended to measure the cost of providiing marketing services. The...
Fackler, Paul L., Goodwin, Barry K., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Agricultural commodities are typically produced over an extensive spatial area and are costly to transport relative to their total value. These characteristics yield a complex set of spatial price...
Duality for the household: Theory and applications
LaFrance, Jeffrey T., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter presents the theory of consumer choice as applied to household behavior. An internally consistent, self-contained framework is developed for the analysis of consumer preferences,...
Economic analysis of food safety
Antle, John M., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter addresses the analysis of markets for food products that are differentiated by safety characteristics. The first part of the paper surveys the broad array of issues that are involved in...
Marketing and distribution: Theory and statistical measurement
Vercammen, James, Schmitz, Andrew, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Agricultural marketing and distribution are broad areas that cover a wide assortment of pricing and market structure issues for agricultural commodities and processed food products. A synthesizing...
Mundlak, Yair, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The work of more than 50 years aimed at gaining empirical insight into the production structure of agriculture and the related modes of farmers' behavior is reviewed, and orders of magnitude of the...
Uncertainty, risk aversion, and risk management for agricultural producers
Moschini, Giancarlo, Hennessy, David A., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Uncertainty and risk are quintessential features of agricultural production. After a brief overview of the main sources of agricultural risk, we provide an exposition of expected utility theory and...
Sunding, David, Zilberman, David, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The chapter reviews the generation and adoption of new technologies in the agricultural sector. The first section describes models of induced innovation and experimentation, considers the political...
Land institutions and land markets
Deininger, Klaus, Feder, Gershon, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Assignment of land rights affects equity and efficiency, determining among other things households' ability to generate subsistence and income, their social and economic status, incentives to exert...
Human capital: Education and agriculture
Huffman, Wallace E., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
This chapter presents a review and synthesis of effects of education in agriculture, summarizes major contributions, and suggests major research gaps in the literature. Although growth in knowledge...
Women's roles in the agricultural household: Bargaining and human capital investments
Paul Schultz, T., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Three themes are related to women's economic roles in the agricultural household. First the unified family as coordinator of production and consumption over a life cycle. Second the role of...
Human capital: Migration and rural population change
Taylor, J. Edward, Martin, Philip L., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The movement of labor out of agriculture is a universal concomitant of economic modernization and growth. Traditional migration models overlook many potential interactions between migration and...
Agricultural finance: Credit, credit constraints, and consequences
Barry, Peter J., Robison, Lindon J., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
The theory and methods used to analyze the market, management, and policy elements of agricultural finance draw substantially on modern finance concepts, but with significant tailoring to the unique...
Economic impacts of agricultural research and extension
Evenson, Robert E., B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
Agricultural research and extension programs have been built in most of the world's economies. A substantial number of economic impact studies evaluating the contributions of research and extension...
Common-pool resources and institutions: Toward a revised theory
Ostrom, Elinor, B. L. Gardner, G. C. Rausser
In the conventional theory of common-pool resources, participants do not undertake efforts to design their own governance arrangements. Substantial empirical evidence exists, however, that many...