Brian A. Larkins

Future of Water for Food: Science and Technology Panel (2009)

Kanwar, Ramesh, Larkins, Brian A., Lungu, Judith C. N., Vadez, Vincent, Yoder, Ron, Fritz, Sheri

The panel explored key issues and challenges in the science and technology of water management to ensure an adequate food supply for the world. Panelists brought many years of experience and...

Characterization of monofunctional aspartate kinase genes in maize and their relationship with free amino acid content in the endosperm (2007)

Wang, Xuelu, Lopez-Valenzuela, Jose A., Gibbon, Bryan C., Gakiere, Bertrand, Galili, Gad, Larkins, Brian A.

A quantitative trait locus has previously been identified in maize (Zea mays L.) that influences the level of free amino acids in the endosperm, especially those from the aspartate pathway: lysine,...

Sequence-indexed mutations in maize using the UniformMu transposon-tagging population (2007)

Settles, A Mark, Holding, David R, Tan, Bao, Latshaw, Susan P, Liu, Juan, Suzuki, Masaharu, ...

Abstract Background Gene knockouts are a critical resource for functional genomics. In Arabidopsis, comprehensive knockout collections were generated by amplifying and sequencing genomic DNA flanking...

on the following topics: Agriculture.. Maize Developmental Biology.. Genetic and Developmental Disorders Genetics.. Trait Locus (2004)

Li Zhang, Xuelu Wang, Brian A. Larkins, Rongling Wu, Physiol Genomics, ...

You might find this additional information useful... This article cites 29 articles, 19 of which you can access free at:

Characterization of the Maize Endosperm Transcriptome and Its Comparison to the Rice Genome (2004)

Lai, Jinsheng, Dey, Nrisingha, Kim, Cheol-Soo, Bharti, Arvind K., Rudd, Stephen, Mayer, Klaus F.X., ...

The cereal endosperm is a major organ of the seed and an important component of the world's food supply. To understand the development and physiology of the endosperm of cereal seeds, we focused on...

Investigating the hows and whys of DNA endoreduplication (2001)

Larkins, Brian A., Dilkes, Brian P., Dante, Ricardo A., Coelho, Cintia M., Woo, Young-min, Liu, Yan

Endoreduplication is a form of nuclear polyploidization that results in multiple, uniform copies of chromosomes. This process is common in plants and animals, especially in tissues with high...

Synthetic oligonucleotide tails inhibit in vitro and in vivo translation of SP6 transcripts of maize zein cDNA clones (1986)

Galili, Gad, Kawata, Evelynn E., Cuellar, Richard E., Smith, L.D., Larkins, Brian A.

A maize zein cDNA clone was used to synthesize mRNA with the SP6 in vitro transcription system. Although we obtained full-length transcripts of the cDNA sequence, these were inefficient templates for...

Sequential Sepharose chromatographic isolation of polysomes and polysomal RNAs depleted in nuclear RNA from Xenopus (1979)

Swiderski, Ruth E., Johnson, Steven A., Larkins, Brian A., Graham, Dale E.

Analyses of sequence complexities, stage specific gene expression, and mRNA sequence divergence require polysomal RNA preparations relatively free of nuclear RNA contamination. Conventional...

Expression of a mutant α-zein creates the floury2 phenotype in transgenic maize

Coleman, Craig E., Clore, Amy M., Ranch, Jerry P., Higgins, Regina, Lopes, Mauricio A., Larkins, Brian A.

The maize floury2 mutation results in the formation of a soft, starchy endosperm with a reduced amount of prolamin (zein) proteins and twice the lysine content of the wild type. The mutation is...

Characterization of maize (Zea mays L.) Wee1 and its activity in developing endosperm

Sun, Yuejin, Dilkes, Brian P., Zhang, Chunsheng, Dante, Ricardo A., Carneiro, Newton P., Lowe, Keith S., ...

We report the characterization of a maize Wee1 homologue and its expression in developing endosperm. Using a 0.8-kb cDNA from an expressed sequence tag project, we isolated a 1.6-kb cDNA (ZmWee1),...

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Loci Influencing Elongation Factor 1α Content in Maize Endosperm1

Wang, Xuelu, Woo, Young-min, Kim, Cheol Soo, Larkins, Brian A.

The nutritional value of maize (Zea mays) seed is most limited by its protein quality because its storage proteins are devoid of the essential amino acid lysine (Lys). The Lys content of the kernel...

Genetic Analysis of Amino Acid Accumulation in opaque-2 Maize Endosperm1

Wang, Xuelu, Larkins, Brian A.

The opaque-2 mutation in maize (Zea mays) is associated with an increased level of free amino acids (FAA) in the mature endosperm. In particular, there is a high concentration of lysine, the most...

Aspartate Kinase 2. A Candidate Gene of a Quantitative Trait Locus Influencing Free Amino Acid Content in Maize Endosperm1

Wang, Xuelu, Stumpf, David K., Larkins, Brian A.

The maize (Zea mays) Oh545o2 inbred accumulates an exceptionally high level of free amino acids, especially lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine, and iso-leucine. In a cross between Oh545o2 and...

An improved genetic model generates high-resolution mapping of QTL for protein quality in maize endosperm

Wu, Rongling, Lou, Xiang-Yang, Ma, Chang-Xing, Wang, Xuelu, Larkins, Brian A., Casella, George

The genetic mapping of polymorphic markers in a cross between two inbred plant lines has proven to be a powerful method for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying complex traits. However,...

Stimulation of the cell cycle and maize transformation by disruption of the plant retinoblastoma pathway

Gordon-Kamm, William, Dilkes, Brian P., Lowe, Keith, Hoerster, George, Sun, Xifan, Ross, Margit, ...

The genome of the Mastreviruses encodes a replication-associated protein (RepA) that interacts with members of the plant retinoblastoma-related protein family, which are putative cell cycle...

Genomics Analysis of Genes Expressed in Maize Endosperm Identifies Novel Seed Proteins and Clarifies Patterns of Zein Gene Expression

Woo, Young-Min, Hu, David Wang-Nan, Larkins, Brian A., Jung, Rudolf

We analyzed cDNA libraries from developing endosperm of the B73 maize inbred line to evaluate the expression of storage protein genes. This study showed that zeins are by far the most highly...

Zein Protein Interactions, Rather Than the Asymmetric Distribution of Zein mRNAs on Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes, Influence Protein Body Formation in Maize Endosperm

Kim, Cheol Soo, Woo, Young-min, Clore, Amy M., Burnett, Ronald J., Carneiro, Newton P., Larkins, Brian A.

Prolamin-containing protein bodies in maize endosperm are composed of four different polypeptides, the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-zeins. The spatial organization of zeins within the protein body, as well...

Maize Opaque Endosperm Mutations Create Extensive Changes in Patterns of Gene ExpressionW⃞

Hunter, Brenda G., Beatty, Mary K., Singletary, George W., Hamaker, Bruce R., Dilkes, Brian P., Larkins, Brian A., ...

Maize starchy endosperm mutants have kernel phenotypes that include a brittle texture, susceptibility to insect pests, and inferior functional characteristics of products made from their flour. At...

eEF1A Isoforms Change in Abundance and Actin-Binding Activity during Maize Endosperm Development1

Lopez-Valenzuela, Jose A., Gibbon, Bryan C., Hughes, Peter A., Dreher, Theo W., Larkins, Brian A.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) appears to be a multifunctional protein because several biochemical activities have been described for this protein, in addition to its role in protein...

Altered starch structure is associated with endosperm modification in Quality Protein Maize

Gibbon, Bryan C., Wang, Xuelu, Larkins, Brian A.

The biochemical basis of modified kernel texture in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is poorly understood. Proteomic analysis of several QPM lines indicated increased levels of granule-bound starch...

A Defective Signal Peptide in a 19-kD α-Zein Protein Causes the Unfolded Protein Response and an Opaque Endosperm Phenotype in the Maize De*-B30 Mutant1

Kim, Cheol Soo, Hunter, Brenda G., Kraft, Jeffery, Boston, Rebecca S., Yans, Sarah, Jung, Rudolf, ...

Defective endosperm* (De*)-B30 is a dominant maize (Zea mays) mutation that depresses zein synthesis in the developing endosperm. The mutant kernels have an opaque, starchy phenotype, malformed zein...

Polyribosomes from Peas: An Improved Method for Their Isolation in the Absence of Ribonuclease Inhibitors 1

Davies, Eric, Larkins, Brian A., Knight, Robert H.

Profiles of polyribosomes were obtained from etiolated stem segments of Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska isolated in various buffers. Tissue homogenized in a medium containing 0.2 m tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 0.2...

Polyribosomes from Peas: II. Polyribosome Metabolism during Normal and Hormone-induced Growth 1

Davies, Eric, Larkins, Brian A.

Polyribosomes as large as 10-mers (strands of messenger RNA bearing 10 ribosomes) were isolated from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) stem tissue during all stages of development when...

Polyribosomes from Peas: III. Stimulation of Polysome Degradation by Exogenous and Endogenous Calcium 1

Larkins, Brian A, Davies, Eric

Attempts were made to isolate microsomes from Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska by low speed centrifugation of a postmitochondrial supernatant made 8 mm in Ca2+. However, the addition of Ca2+ in...

Synthesis and processing of maize storage proteins in Xenopus laevis oocytes

Larkins, Brian A., Pedersen, Karl, Handa, Avtar K., Hurkman, William J., Smith, L. D.

Xenopus oocytes injected with zein mRNAs efficiently synthesized maize storage proteins for prolonged periods. Under optimal conditions, zein was synthesized at 3 ng/hr and represented approximately...

A Dominant Negative Mutant of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Reduces Endoreduplication but Not Cell Size or Gene Expression in Maize Endosperm

Leiva-Neto, João T., Grafi, Gideon, Sabelli, Paolo A., Dante, Ricardo A., Woo, Young-min, Maddock, Sheila, ...

Cells in maize (Zea mays) endosperm undergo multiple cycles of endoreduplication, with some attaining DNA contents as high as 96C and 192C. Genome amplification begins around 10 d after pollination,...

Cytoskeletal Proteins Are Coordinately Increased in Maize Genotypes with High Levels of eEF1A1[w]

Lopez-Valenzuela, Jose A., Gibbon, Bryan C., Holding, David R., Larkins, Brian A.

The opaque2 (o2) mutation increases the Lys content of maize (Zea mays) endosperm by reducing the synthesis of zein storage proteins and increasing the accumulation of other types of cellular...

Characterization of the Maize Endosperm Transcriptome and Its Comparison to the Rice Genome

Lai, Jinsheng, Dey, Nrisingha, Kim, Cheol-Soo, Bharti, Arvind K., Rudd, Stephen, Mayer, Klaus F.X., ...

The cereal endosperm is a major organ of the seed and an important component of the world's food supply. To understand the development and physiology of the endosperm of cereal seeds, we focused on...

Polyribosomes from Peas: V. An Attempt to Characterize the Total Free and Membrane-bound Polysomal Population

Larkins, Brian A., Davies, Eric

Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the total population of free and membrane-bound polysomes from the elongating region of dark-grown pea stems (Pisum sativum L.). Partial separation of...

Influence of Ionic Strength, pH, and Chelation of Divalent Metals on Isolation of Polyribosomes from Tobacco Leaves 1

Jackson, Andrew O., Larkins, Brian A.

A procedure was developed for extracting polysomes from tobacco (Nicotiana sp) leaves. Unexpanded leaves ground in a medium consisting of 200 mm tris-HCl, pH 9, 400 mm KCl, 200 mm sucrose, and 35 mm...

Storage Protein Synthesis in Maize: Isolation of Zein-synthesizing Polyribosomes 1

Larkins, Brian A., Bracker, Charles E., Tsai, C. Y.

Undegraded free and membrane-bound polysomes were isolated from developing kernels of Zea mays L. frozen in liquid nitrogen. Freezing in liquid nitrogen was a prerequisite for preserving polysome...

Storage Protein Synthesis in Maize: II. Reduced Synthesis of a Major Zein Component by the Opaque-2 Mutant of Maize 12

Jones, Richard A., Larkins, Brian A., Tsai, C. Y.

Two zein proteins (Z1 and Z2) represent the majority of the protein synthesized during maize endosperm development. Undegraded membrane-bound polysomes isolated from normal maize synthesized these...

Storage Protein Synthesis in Maize: III. Developmental Changes in Membrane-bound Polyribosome Composition and in Vitro Protein Synthesis of Normal and Opaque-2 Maize 1

Jones, Richard A., Larkins, Brian A., Tsai, C. Y.

Zein synthesis accompanied an increase in large polyribosomes of maize (Zea mays) endosperm cells. The two classes of polyribosomes (free and membrane-bound) had dissimilar size class distributions....

Dissociation of Polysome Aggregates by Protease K 1

Larkins, Brian A., Tsai, C. Y.

Apparent large size-classes of zein-synthesizing polysomes from developing kernels of Zea mays L. were converted to smaller polysomes after treatment with Protease K. The reduction in polysome size...

Expression of a Maize Storage Protein Gene in Petunia Plants Is Not Restricted to Seeds 1

Ueng, Peter, Galili, Gad, Sapanara, Victoria, Goldsbrough, Peter B., Dube, Phillip, Beachy, Roger N., ...

Genes encoding maize seed storage proteins, zeins, are expressed in developing endosperm tissue. To determine whether the DNA sequences controlling the developmental expression of these genes are...

Molecular Characterization of Oat Seed Globulins 1

Shotwell, Mark A., Afonso, Claudio, Davies, Eric, Chesnut, Ruth S., Larkins, Brian A.

We have isolated full-length cDNA clones that encode oat (Avena sativa) seed storage globulin mRNAs from a cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gtll. The longest of these clones, pOG2, has an...

The Synthesis of a 19 Kilodalton Zein Protein in Transgenic Petunia Plants 1

Williamson, John D., Galili, Gad, Larkins, Brian A., Gelvin, Stanton B.

Transcriptional fusions composed of a 19 kilodalton zein cDNA, the 5′ flanking region from a β-phaseolin gene, and 3′ flanking regions from either the phaseolin or a 15-kilodalton zein gene were...

Expression from Heterologous Promoters in Electroporated Carrot Protoplasts 1

Boston, Rebecca S., Becwar, Michael R., Ryan, Randy D., Goldsbrough, Peter B., Larkins, Brian A., Hodges, Thomas K.

Plasmids were constructed that contained promoters of `plant' genes fused to the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. The promoters were isolated from a developmentally regulated...

Characterization of Polypeptides Corresponding to Clones of Maize Zein mRNAS

Galili, Gad, Kawata, Evelynn E., Larkins, Brian A.

Zeins, the storage proteins of maize (Zea mays) are a complex group of polypeptides encoded by a large multigene family. The α-zein proteins, which account for about 70% of the total, show both size...

Differential Accumulation of a Transcript Driven by the CaMV 35S Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco 1

Williamson, John D., Hirsch-Wyncott, Marlaya E., Larkins, Brian A., Gelvin, Stanton B.

A transcriptional fusion composed of the CaMV 35S promoter, a 19 kD zein cDNA, and the 3′ flanking regions from the 0′ to 1′ TR T-DNA genes was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by...

New Methods for Extraction and Quantitation of Zeins Reveal a High Content of γ-Zein in Modified opaque-2 Maize 1

Wallace, John C., Lopes, Mauricio A., Paiva, Edilson, Larkins, Brian A.

We have developed methods for quantitative extraction and analysis of zeins from maize (Zea mays L.) flour. Extraction involved solubilization of total endosperm proteins in an alkaline buffer...

Oat Seed Globulin: Subunit Characterization and Demonstration of its Synthesis as a Precursor 1

Walburg, Gregory, Larkins, Brian A.

The predominant storage protein of oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds is a saline-soluble globulin with a mol wt of 320,000 which is composed of six large (Mr = 35,000 to 40,000) and six small (Mr = 20,000...

Purification and Characterization of Zein-Degrading Proteases from Endosperm of Germinating Maize Seeds 1

De Barros, Everaldo G., Larkins, Brian A.

We have purified a group of four proteases (molecular mass 26-33 kilodalton) from germinating seeds of maize (Zea mays L. var W64A) using ammonium sulfate and isoelectric precipitations, anion...

Synthesis and Deposition of Zein in Protein Bodies of Maize Endosperm 1

Larkins, Brian A., Hurkman, William J.

The origin of protein bodies in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm was investigated to determine whether they are formed as highly differentiated organelles or as protein deposits within the rough...

RBR3, a member of the retinoblastoma-related family from maize, is regulated by the RBR1/E2F pathway

Sabelli, Paolo A., Dante, Ricardo A., Leiva-Neto, João T., Jung, Rudolf, Gordon-Kamm, William J., Larkins, Brian A.

Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) proteins regulate cell division in higher eukaryotes by controlling the adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2F)/dimerization partner (DP) family of transcription...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Maize Endosperm and Their Potential Role in Endoreduplication1

Coelho, Cintia M., Dante, Ricardo A., Sabelli, Paolo A., Sun, Yuejin, Dilkes, Brian P., Gordon-Kamm, William J., ...

Two maize (Zea mays) cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, Zeama;KRP;1 and Zeama;KRP;2, were characterized and shown to be expressed in developing endosperm. Similar to the CDK inhibitors in...

Genetic analyses of endoreduplication in Zea mays endosperm: evidence of sporophytic and zygotic maternal control.

Dilkes, Brian P, Dante, Ricardo A, Coelho, Cintia, Larkins, Brian A

Flow cytometry was used to assess the variability of endoreduplication in endosperms of maize inbred lines. Little variation was found between midwestern dent types, and high levels of...

Expression of a mutant α-zein creates the floury2 phenotype in transgenic maize

Coleman, Craig E., Clore, Amy M., Ranch, Jerry P., Higgins, Regina, Lopes, Mauricio A., Larkins, Brian A.

The maize floury2 mutation results in the formation of a soft, starchy endosperm with a reduced amount of prolamin (zein) proteins and twice the lysine content of the wild type. The mutation is...

Characterization of maize (Zea mays L.) Wee1 and its activity in developing endosperm

Sun, Yuejin, Dilkes, Brian P., Zhang, Chunsheng, Dante, Ricardo A., Carneiro, Newton P., Lowe, Keith S., ...

We report the characterization of a maize Wee1 homologue and its expression in developing endosperm. Using a 0.8-kb cDNA from an expressed sequence tag project, we isolated a 1.6-kb cDNA (ZmWee1),...

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Loci Influencing Elongation Factor 1α Content in Maize Endosperm1

Wang, Xuelu, Woo, Young-min, Kim, Cheol Soo, Larkins, Brian A.

The nutritional value of maize (Zea mays) seed is most limited by its protein quality because its storage proteins are devoid of the essential amino acid lysine (Lys). The Lys content of the kernel...

Genetic Analysis of Amino Acid Accumulation in opaque-2 Maize Endosperm1

Wang, Xuelu, Larkins, Brian A.

The opaque-2 mutation in maize (Zea mays) is associated with an increased level of free amino acids (FAA) in the mature endosperm. In particular, there is a high concentration of lysine, the most...

Aspartate Kinase 2. A Candidate Gene of a Quantitative Trait Locus Influencing Free Amino Acid Content in Maize Endosperm1

Wang, Xuelu, Stumpf, David K., Larkins, Brian A.

The maize (Zea mays) Oh545o2 inbred accumulates an exceptionally high level of free amino acids, especially lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine, and iso-leucine. In a cross between Oh545o2 and...

An improved genetic model generates high-resolution mapping of QTL for protein quality in maize endosperm

Wu, Rongling, Lou, Xiang-Yang, Ma, Chang-Xing, Wang, Xuelu, Larkins, Brian A., Casella, George

The genetic mapping of polymorphic markers in a cross between two inbred plant lines has proven to be a powerful method for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying complex traits. However,...

Stimulation of the cell cycle and maize transformation by disruption of the plant retinoblastoma pathway

Gordon-Kamm, William, Dilkes, Brian P., Lowe, Keith, Hoerster, George, Sun, Xifan, Ross, Margit, ...

The genome of the Mastreviruses encodes a replication-associated protein (RepA) that interacts with members of the plant retinoblastoma-related protein family, which are putative cell cycle...

Genomics Analysis of Genes Expressed in Maize Endosperm Identifies Novel Seed Proteins and Clarifies Patterns of Zein Gene Expression

Woo, Young-Min, Hu, David Wang-Nan, Larkins, Brian A., Jung, Rudolf

We analyzed cDNA libraries from developing endosperm of the B73 maize inbred line to evaluate the expression of storage protein genes. This study showed that zeins are by far the most highly...

Zein Protein Interactions, Rather Than the Asymmetric Distribution of Zein mRNAs on Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes, Influence Protein Body Formation in Maize Endosperm

Kim, Cheol Soo, Woo, Young-min, Clore, Amy M., Burnett, Ronald J., Carneiro, Newton P., Larkins, Brian A.

Prolamin-containing protein bodies in maize endosperm are composed of four different polypeptides, the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-zeins. The spatial organization of zeins within the protein body, as well...

Maize Opaque Endosperm Mutations Create Extensive Changes in Patterns of Gene ExpressionW⃞

Hunter, Brenda G., Beatty, Mary K., Singletary, George W., Hamaker, Bruce R., Dilkes, Brian P., Larkins, Brian A., ...

Maize starchy endosperm mutants have kernel phenotypes that include a brittle texture, susceptibility to insect pests, and inferior functional characteristics of products made from their flour. At...

eEF1A Isoforms Change in Abundance and Actin-Binding Activity during Maize Endosperm Development1

Lopez-Valenzuela, Jose A., Gibbon, Bryan C., Hughes, Peter A., Dreher, Theo W., Larkins, Brian A.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) appears to be a multifunctional protein because several biochemical activities have been described for this protein, in addition to its role in protein...

Altered starch structure is associated with endosperm modification in Quality Protein Maize

Gibbon, Bryan C., Wang, Xuelu, Larkins, Brian A.

The biochemical basis of modified kernel texture in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is poorly understood. Proteomic analysis of several QPM lines indicated increased levels of granule-bound starch...

A Defective Signal Peptide in a 19-kD α-Zein Protein Causes the Unfolded Protein Response and an Opaque Endosperm Phenotype in the Maize De*-B30 Mutant1

Kim, Cheol Soo, Hunter, Brenda G., Kraft, Jeffery, Boston, Rebecca S., Yans, Sarah, Jung, Rudolf, ...

Defective endosperm* (De*)-B30 is a dominant maize (Zea mays) mutation that depresses zein synthesis in the developing endosperm. The mutant kernels have an opaque, starchy phenotype, malformed zein...

Polyribosomes from Peas: An Improved Method for Their Isolation in the Absence of Ribonuclease Inhibitors 1

Davies, Eric, Larkins, Brian A., Knight, Robert H.

Profiles of polyribosomes were obtained from etiolated stem segments of Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska isolated in various buffers. Tissue homogenized in a medium containing 0.2 m tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 0.2...

Polyribosomes from Peas: II. Polyribosome Metabolism during Normal and Hormone-induced Growth 1

Davies, Eric, Larkins, Brian A.

Polyribosomes as large as 10-mers (strands of messenger RNA bearing 10 ribosomes) were isolated from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) stem tissue during all stages of development when...

Polyribosomes from Peas: III. Stimulation of Polysome Degradation by Exogenous and Endogenous Calcium 1

Larkins, Brian A, Davies, Eric

Attempts were made to isolate microsomes from Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska by low speed centrifugation of a postmitochondrial supernatant made 8 mm in Ca2+. However, the addition of Ca2+ in...

Synthesis and processing of maize storage proteins in Xenopus laevis oocytes

Larkins, Brian A., Pedersen, Karl, Handa, Avtar K., Hurkman, William J., Smith, L. D.

Xenopus oocytes injected with zein mRNAs efficiently synthesized maize storage proteins for prolonged periods. Under optimal conditions, zein was synthesized at 3 ng/hr and represented approximately...

A Dominant Negative Mutant of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Reduces Endoreduplication but Not Cell Size or Gene Expression in Maize Endosperm

Leiva-Neto, João T., Grafi, Gideon, Sabelli, Paolo A., Dante, Ricardo A., Woo, Young-min, Maddock, Sheila, ...

Cells in maize (Zea mays) endosperm undergo multiple cycles of endoreduplication, with some attaining DNA contents as high as 96C and 192C. Genome amplification begins around 10 d after pollination,...

Cytoskeletal Proteins Are Coordinately Increased in Maize Genotypes with High Levels of eEF1A1[w]

Lopez-Valenzuela, Jose A., Gibbon, Bryan C., Holding, David R., Larkins, Brian A.

The opaque2 (o2) mutation increases the Lys content of maize (Zea mays) endosperm by reducing the synthesis of zein storage proteins and increasing the accumulation of other types of cellular...

Characterization of the Maize Endosperm Transcriptome and Its Comparison to the Rice Genome

Lai, Jinsheng, Dey, Nrisingha, Kim, Cheol-Soo, Bharti, Arvind K., Rudd, Stephen, Mayer, Klaus F.X., ...

The cereal endosperm is a major organ of the seed and an important component of the world's food supply. To understand the development and physiology of the endosperm of cereal seeds, we focused on...

Polyribosomes from Peas: V. An Attempt to Characterize the Total Free and Membrane-bound Polysomal Population

Larkins, Brian A., Davies, Eric

Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the total population of free and membrane-bound polysomes from the elongating region of dark-grown pea stems (Pisum sativum L.). Partial separation of...

Influence of Ionic Strength, pH, and Chelation of Divalent Metals on Isolation of Polyribosomes from Tobacco Leaves 1

Jackson, Andrew O., Larkins, Brian A.

A procedure was developed for extracting polysomes from tobacco (Nicotiana sp) leaves. Unexpanded leaves ground in a medium consisting of 200 mm tris-HCl, pH 9, 400 mm KCl, 200 mm sucrose, and 35 mm...

Storage Protein Synthesis in Maize: Isolation of Zein-synthesizing Polyribosomes 1

Larkins, Brian A., Bracker, Charles E., Tsai, C. Y.

Undegraded free and membrane-bound polysomes were isolated from developing kernels of Zea mays L. frozen in liquid nitrogen. Freezing in liquid nitrogen was a prerequisite for preserving polysome...

Storage Protein Synthesis in Maize: II. Reduced Synthesis of a Major Zein Component by the Opaque-2 Mutant of Maize 12

Jones, Richard A., Larkins, Brian A., Tsai, C. Y.

Two zein proteins (Z1 and Z2) represent the majority of the protein synthesized during maize endosperm development. Undegraded membrane-bound polysomes isolated from normal maize synthesized these...

Storage Protein Synthesis in Maize: III. Developmental Changes in Membrane-bound Polyribosome Composition and in Vitro Protein Synthesis of Normal and Opaque-2 Maize 1

Jones, Richard A., Larkins, Brian A., Tsai, C. Y.

Zein synthesis accompanied an increase in large polyribosomes of maize (Zea mays) endosperm cells. The two classes of polyribosomes (free and membrane-bound) had dissimilar size class distributions....

Dissociation of Polysome Aggregates by Protease K 1

Larkins, Brian A., Tsai, C. Y.

Apparent large size-classes of zein-synthesizing polysomes from developing kernels of Zea mays L. were converted to smaller polysomes after treatment with Protease K. The reduction in polysome size...

Expression of a Maize Storage Protein Gene in Petunia Plants Is Not Restricted to Seeds 1

Ueng, Peter, Galili, Gad, Sapanara, Victoria, Goldsbrough, Peter B., Dube, Phillip, Beachy, Roger N., ...

Genes encoding maize seed storage proteins, zeins, are expressed in developing endosperm tissue. To determine whether the DNA sequences controlling the developmental expression of these genes are...

Molecular Characterization of Oat Seed Globulins 1

Shotwell, Mark A., Afonso, Claudio, Davies, Eric, Chesnut, Ruth S., Larkins, Brian A.

We have isolated full-length cDNA clones that encode oat (Avena sativa) seed storage globulin mRNAs from a cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gtll. The longest of these clones, pOG2, has an...

The Synthesis of a 19 Kilodalton Zein Protein in Transgenic Petunia Plants 1

Williamson, John D., Galili, Gad, Larkins, Brian A., Gelvin, Stanton B.

Transcriptional fusions composed of a 19 kilodalton zein cDNA, the 5′ flanking region from a β-phaseolin gene, and 3′ flanking regions from either the phaseolin or a 15-kilodalton zein gene were...

Expression from Heterologous Promoters in Electroporated Carrot Protoplasts 1

Boston, Rebecca S., Becwar, Michael R., Ryan, Randy D., Goldsbrough, Peter B., Larkins, Brian A., Hodges, Thomas K.

Plasmids were constructed that contained promoters of `plant' genes fused to the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. The promoters were isolated from a developmentally regulated...

Characterization of Polypeptides Corresponding to Clones of Maize Zein mRNAS

Galili, Gad, Kawata, Evelynn E., Larkins, Brian A.

Zeins, the storage proteins of maize (Zea mays) are a complex group of polypeptides encoded by a large multigene family. The α-zein proteins, which account for about 70% of the total, show both size...

Differential Accumulation of a Transcript Driven by the CaMV 35S Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco 1

Williamson, John D., Hirsch-Wyncott, Marlaya E., Larkins, Brian A., Gelvin, Stanton B.

A transcriptional fusion composed of the CaMV 35S promoter, a 19 kD zein cDNA, and the 3′ flanking regions from the 0′ to 1′ TR T-DNA genes was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by...

New Methods for Extraction and Quantitation of Zeins Reveal a High Content of γ-Zein in Modified opaque-2 Maize 1

Wallace, John C., Lopes, Mauricio A., Paiva, Edilson, Larkins, Brian A.

We have developed methods for quantitative extraction and analysis of zeins from maize (Zea mays L.) flour. Extraction involved solubilization of total endosperm proteins in an alkaline buffer...

Oat Seed Globulin: Subunit Characterization and Demonstration of its Synthesis as a Precursor 1

Walburg, Gregory, Larkins, Brian A.

The predominant storage protein of oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds is a saline-soluble globulin with a mol wt of 320,000 which is composed of six large (Mr = 35,000 to 40,000) and six small (Mr = 20,000...

Purification and Characterization of Zein-Degrading Proteases from Endosperm of Germinating Maize Seeds 1

De Barros, Everaldo G., Larkins, Brian A.

We have purified a group of four proteases (molecular mass 26-33 kilodalton) from germinating seeds of maize (Zea mays L. var W64A) using ammonium sulfate and isoelectric precipitations, anion...

Synthesis and Deposition of Zein in Protein Bodies of Maize Endosperm 1

Larkins, Brian A., Hurkman, William J.

The origin of protein bodies in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm was investigated to determine whether they are formed as highly differentiated organelles or as protein deposits within the rough...

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Maize Endosperm and Their Potential Role in Endoreduplication1

Coelho, Cintia M., Dante, Ricardo A., Sabelli, Paolo A., Sun, Yuejin, Dilkes, Brian P., Gordon-Kamm, William J., ...

Two maize (Zea mays) cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, Zeama;KRP;1 and Zeama;KRP;2, were characterized and shown to be expressed in developing endosperm. Similar to the CDK inhibitors in...

RBR3, a member of the retinoblastoma-related family from maize, is regulated by the RBR1/E2F pathway

Sabelli, Paolo A., Dante, Ricardo A., Leiva-Neto, João T., Jung, Rudolf, Gordon-Kamm, William J., Larkins, Brian A.

Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) proteins regulate cell division in higher eukaryotes by controlling the adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2F)/dimerization partner (DP) family of transcription...

Genetic analyses of endoreduplication in Zea mays endosperm: evidence of sporophytic and zygotic maternal control.

Dilkes, Brian P, Dante, Ricardo A, Coelho, Cintia, Larkins, Brian A

Flow cytometry was used to assess the variability of endoreduplication in endosperms of maize inbred lines. Little variation was found between midwestern dent types, and high levels of...

The Maize Zmsmu2 Gene Encodes a Putative RNA-Splicing Factor That Affects Protein Synthesis and RNA Processing during Endosperm Development1[W][OA]

Chung, Taijoon, Kim, Cheol Soo, Nguyen, Hong N., Meeley, Robert B., Larkins, Brian A.

We characterized two maize (Zea mays) mutants, zmsmu2-1 and zmsmu2-3, that result from insertion of a Mutator (Mu) transposable element in the first exon of a gene homologous to the nematode gene,...

The Maize Floury1 Gene Encodes a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Involved in Zein Protein Body Formation[W]

Holding, David R., Otegui, Marisa S., Li, Bailin, Meeley, Robert B., Dam, Thao, Hunter, Brenda G., ...

The maize (Zea mays) floury1 (fl1) mutant was first reported almost 100 years ago, but its molecular identity has remained unknown. We report the cloning of Fl1, which encodes a novel zein protein...

A Statistical Model for Estimating Maternal-Zygotic Interactions and Parent-of-Origin Effects of QTLs for Seed Development

Li, Yanchun, Coelho, Cintia M., Liu, Tian, Wu, Song, Wu, Jiasheng, Zeng, Yanru, ...

Proper development of a seed requires coordinated exchanges of signals among the three components that develop side by side in the seed. One of these is the maternal integument that encloses the...

Positive regulation of minichromosome maintenance gene expression, DNA replication, and cell transformation by a plant retinoblastoma gene

Sabelli, Paolo A., Hoerster, George, Lizarraga, Lucina E., Brown, Sara W., Gordon-Kamm, William J., Larkins, Brian A.

Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) genes inhibit the cell cycle primarily by repressing adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2F) transcription factors, which drive the expression of numerous genes...