S. Kariyawasam, B. N. Wilkie, C. L. Gyles
The ΔgalE, ΔpurA, and ΔaroA derivatives of avian septicemic Escherichia coli EC99 strain (O78 serogroup) were constructed with a suicide vector containing the pir-dependent R6K replicon and the...
S. Kariyawasam, B. N. Wilkie, D. B. Hunter, C. L. Gyles
SUMMARY. The immune response to four cell surface antigens of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) was investigated as the first step in identifying vaccine candidates. F1 pilus adhesin, P pilus...
S. M. Peighambari, D. B. Hunter, P. E. Shewen, C. L. Gyles
SUMMARY. Attenuated derivatives (Δcya Δcrp mutants) of an O2 and an O78 avian septicemic Escherichia coli strain were used to immunize broiler chickens by spray to determine the safety,...
Sodium deoxycholate facilitates systemic absorption of verotoxin 2e from pig intestine.
Injection of verotoxin 2e together with sodium deoxycholate, which increases intestinal permeability to macromolecules, into the intestine of pigs resulted in fluid accumulation, intestinal damage,...
Interaction of verotoxin 2e with pig intestine.
Waddell, T E, Lingwood, C A, Gyles, C L
In pigs with edema disease, verotoxin 2e (VT2e) is produced in the intestine and transported to tissues, but neither the mechanism by which toxin passes through the intestine nor its failure to...
Neutral Red Assay for Measurement of Quantitative Vero Cell Cytotoxicity
Valdivieso-Garcia, A., Clarke, R. C., Rahn, K., Durette, A., MacLeod, D. L., Gyles, C. L.
A neutral red assay involving Vero cells was used to quantitate the cytotoxic activity of verotoxins (VT) produced by Escherichia coli and to investigate changes in titer caused by altering the...
We report the complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of the Vat-encoding pathogenicity island (PAI) of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain Ec222. The 22,139-bp PAI is situated...
Pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the intestine of calves
The purpose of this study was to compare the pathological effects of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that vary in their association with bovine and human disease. Shiga toxin-producing...
A study was made of resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, biochemical characteristics, and colicinogeny in selected strains of Escherichia coli of O serogroups 8, 9, 20, 64, 101, and X46. Of 42...
Physicochemical and biological properties of purified Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II variant.
MacLeod, D L, Gyles, C L, Valdivieso-Garcia, A, Clarke, R C
Purified Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIv) was characterized with regard to selected physical, chemical, and biological properties. N-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed the...
Purification and characterization of an Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II variant.
A Shiga-like toxin II variant was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli TB1(pCG6), which contained the toxin genes cloned in multicopy plasmid pUC18. The purification scheme involved...
Lee, C H, Moseley, S L, Moon, H W, Whipp, S C, Gyles, C L, So, M
The gene encoding heat-stable toxin II (STII) was cloned into an Escherichia coli K-12 strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that STII is...
Mitomycin-induced synthesis of a Shiga-like toxin from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli H.I.8.
Yee, A J, De Grandis, S, Gyles, C L
Escherichia coli H.I.8, an O128 infant diarrhea isolate, produces low titers of a unique Shiga-like toxin (SLT), called SLT-IIva, which is a variant of SLT-II. We investigated induction of toxin...
Genetic and molecular characteristics of Vir plasmids of bovine septicemic Escherichia coli.
Lopez-Alvarez, J, Gyles, C L, Shipley, P L, Falkow, S
Three wild strains of bovine septicemic Escherichia coli were selected on the basis of their production of a toxin lethal for mice and chickens and their characteristic surface antigen. The transfer...
Isolation and characterization of enterotoxin-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli.
Silva, M L, Maas, W K, Gyles, C L
The genes controlling the production of two types of enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, one heat-labile (LT) and the other heat-stable (ST), are found on plasmids. The absence of a direct selection...
Characterization of plasmids that encode for the K88 colonization antigen.
Shipley, P L, Gyles, C L, Falkow, S
K88 antigen, and important virulence factor in porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC), can be transferred along with the ability to ferment the trisaccharide raffinose (Raf). The plasmids...
Poppe, C., Martin, L. C., Gyles, C. L., Reid-Smith, R., Boerlin, P., McEwen, S. A., ...
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport resistant to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) and other antimicrobials causes septicemic salmonellosis in humans and animals and is...
Prevention of edema disease in pigs by vaccination with verotoxin 2e toxoid.
Johansen, M, Andresen, L O, Jorsal, S E, Thomsen, L K, Waddell, T E, Gyles, C L
Pigs in 2 herds with persistent problems with post weaning edema disease caused by infection with verotoxin-2e (VT2e)-producing Escherichia coli O139 were treated with a VT2e-toxoid vaccine....
Localization of potential binding sites for the edema disease verotoxin (VT2e) in pigs.
Waddell, T E, Coomber, B L, Gyles, C L
The purpose of this study was to identify organs and cells to which the edema disease verotoxin (VT2e) could bind in pigs. Frozen 4-5 microns thick sections of organs usually affected in edema...
Virulence markers in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cattle.
Sandhu, K S, Clarke, R C, Gyles, C L
This study identified potential virulence markers in 93 eae-positive and 179 eae-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), isolated from a random sampling of healthy cattle in...
Prevention of edema disease in pigs by passive immunization.
Johansen, M, Andresen, L O, Thomsen, L K, Busch, M E, Wachmann, H, Jorsal, S E, ...
The effect of treatment with verotoxin 2e (VT2e) specific antiserum was evaluated in 3 Danish pig herds with edema disease (ED). The antiserum was prepared by immunizing horses with a VT2e toxoid....
Fourteen strains of Escherichia coli of serogroups characteristic of porcine class 2 enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from pigs or calves were selected for genetic studies. The strains were examined...
Galactose epimeraseless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium as live vaccines for calves.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a galactose epimeraseless mutant of Salmonella typhimurium administered as an oral vaccine to one week old calves and to...
Vaccination of calves with a diaminopimelic acid mutant of Salmonella typhimurium.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a diaminopimelic acid mutant of Salmonella typhimurium as a vaccine for calves. Transposon techniques were used to create a stable...
Plasmids of Salmonella muenster and their relation to virulence.
Clarke, R C, Jørgensen, S T, Harnett, N M, Gyles, C L
The plasmid content of 104 strains of Salmonella muenster collected from bovine and human sources in Ontario from 1982 to 1984 was determined. The strains were classified into 17 different groups on...
Characteristics of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli from pigs.
Gannon, V P, Gyles, C L, Friendship, R W
Porcine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli were characterized with respect to frequency of occurrence, serogroup, and association with disease, weaning, and selected properties of the bacterium. Of 668...
Poppe, C, Curtiss, R, Gulig, P A, Gyles, C L
Plasmid DNA of 68 strains of Salmonella that belonged to 18 serovars and exhibited 48 different plasmid profiles was examined for hybridization with a 32P-labelled DNA probe which consisted of a 3750...
Effects of Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxins (verotoxins) in pigs.
Gannon, V P, Gyles, C L, Wilcock, B P
Escherichia coli K12 strains TB1(pCG5), with the genes for Shiga-like toxin IIv from an edema disease isolate of E. coli and TB1(pCG5-1), with the toxin genes inactivated by transposon mutagenesis,...
Wilson, J B, McEwen, S A, Clarke, R C, Leslie, K E, Waltner-Toews, D, Gyles, C L
A case-control study of diarrheal disease in veal calves was conducted over a three month period on a single large veal farm in southern Ontario. One hundred diarrheic calves (cases) were identified...
Enweani, C C, Gyles, C L, Barnum, D A
Nineteen antisera produced in pigs against 14 enteropathogenic and five nonenterotoxigenic porcine strains of Escherichia coli were tested for their ability to inhibit gut loop fluid accumulation...
Enweani, C C, Gyles, C L, Barnum, D A
Fourteen enteropathogenic and five nonenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs were used for producing antisera in rabbits and pigs. These antisera were used in an vitro test...
Four adsorbant drug preparations, Kaopectate, colloidal Attapulgite, noncolloidal Attapulgite and Pepto-bismol were investigated for their effects on fluid accumulation in ligated segments of pig...
The prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the feces of calves with diarrhea.
A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenicity among Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea and from a control group of normal calves. The test organisms...
Characterization of enterotoxigenic bovine Escherichia coli.
Among 300 isolates of bovine Escherichia coli, 56 which had been found enterotoxigenic in calf gut loops were characterized on the basis of O and K antigens, colonial morphology and resistance to...
A Study of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Pigs with Gastro-intestinal Disease
Gyles, C. L., Stevens, J. B., Craven, J. A.
When 200 Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with gastro-intestinal disease were examined, 82.0% of them were found to be enteropathogenic by the ligated intestine test in pigs. Among the 18.0% which...
The significance of enterotoxin production and proliferative ability of Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract as related to porcine enteric colibacillosis was studied in 68 gnotobiotic pigs.
Larivière, S., Gyles, C. L., Barnum, D. A.
A comparison was made between segments of pig and rabbit small intestine in their response to heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) preparations from porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Either...
Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 from Pigs with Colibacillosis in Canada and the United States
Glantz, P. J., Gyles, C. L., Greenfield, J., Øtskov, F.
Cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis in pigs in Canada and the U.S.A. and previously identified as unclassified E. coli OX36 were found to belong to a new E. coli O group 157....
Limitations of the Infant Mouse Test for Escherichia coli Heat Stable Enterotoxin
A study was undertaken to evaluate the response of different test systems to preparations of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) derived from Eschericihia coli strains recovered from diarrheal disease of...
The colonizing and proliferating abilities of enterotoxigenic acapsular or K99- mutants of bovine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were compared with those of their capsulated and K99+...
Six tests were applied to 39 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica of various serotypes and from several sources in an attempt to relate the test to pathogenicity of the strains. The tests that were...
Characterization of strains of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
Twenty-five strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from lesions of caseous lymphadenitis in goats were examined for their biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility,...
Canine streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Ontario: An emerging disease?
Prescott, J F, Mathews, K, Gyles, C L, Matsumiya, L, Miller, C, Rinkhardt, N, ...
Sodium deoxycholate facilitates systemic absorption of verotoxin 2e from pig intestine.
Injection of verotoxin 2e together with sodium deoxycholate, which increases intestinal permeability to macromolecules, into the intestine of pigs resulted in fluid accumulation, intestinal damage,...
Interaction of verotoxin 2e with pig intestine.
Waddell, T E, Lingwood, C A, Gyles, C L
In pigs with edema disease, verotoxin 2e (VT2e) is produced in the intestine and transported to tissues, but neither the mechanism by which toxin passes through the intestine nor its failure to...
Neutral Red Assay for Measurement of Quantitative Vero Cell Cytotoxicity
Valdivieso-Garcia, A., Clarke, R. C., Rahn, K., Durette, A., MacLeod, D. L., Gyles, C. L.
A neutral red assay involving Vero cells was used to quantitate the cytotoxic activity of verotoxins (VT) produced by Escherichia coli and to investigate changes in titer caused by altering the...
We report the complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of the Vat-encoding pathogenicity island (PAI) of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain Ec222. The 22,139-bp PAI is situated...
Pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the intestine of calves
The purpose of this study was to compare the pathological effects of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that vary in their association with bovine and human disease. Shiga toxin-producing...
A study was made of resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, biochemical characteristics, and colicinogeny in selected strains of Escherichia coli of O serogroups 8, 9, 20, 64, 101, and X46. Of 42...
Physicochemical and biological properties of purified Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II variant.
MacLeod, D L, Gyles, C L, Valdivieso-Garcia, A, Clarke, R C
Purified Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIv) was characterized with regard to selected physical, chemical, and biological properties. N-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed the...
Purification and characterization of an Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II variant.
A Shiga-like toxin II variant was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli TB1(pCG6), which contained the toxin genes cloned in multicopy plasmid pUC18. The purification scheme involved...
Lee, C H, Moseley, S L, Moon, H W, Whipp, S C, Gyles, C L, So, M
The gene encoding heat-stable toxin II (STII) was cloned into an Escherichia coli K-12 strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that STII is...
Mitomycin-induced synthesis of a Shiga-like toxin from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli H.I.8.
Yee, A J, De Grandis, S, Gyles, C L
Escherichia coli H.I.8, an O128 infant diarrhea isolate, produces low titers of a unique Shiga-like toxin (SLT), called SLT-IIva, which is a variant of SLT-II. We investigated induction of toxin...
Genetic and molecular characteristics of Vir plasmids of bovine septicemic Escherichia coli.
Lopez-Alvarez, J, Gyles, C L, Shipley, P L, Falkow, S
Three wild strains of bovine septicemic Escherichia coli were selected on the basis of their production of a toxin lethal for mice and chickens and their characteristic surface antigen. The transfer...
Isolation and characterization of enterotoxin-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli.
Silva, M L, Maas, W K, Gyles, C L
The genes controlling the production of two types of enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, one heat-labile (LT) and the other heat-stable (ST), are found on plasmids. The absence of a direct selection...
Characterization of plasmids that encode for the K88 colonization antigen.
Shipley, P L, Gyles, C L, Falkow, S
K88 antigen, and important virulence factor in porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC), can be transferred along with the ability to ferment the trisaccharide raffinose (Raf). The plasmids...
Poppe, C., Martin, L. C., Gyles, C. L., Reid-Smith, R., Boerlin, P., McEwen, S. A., ...
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport resistant to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) and other antimicrobials causes septicemic salmonellosis in humans and animals and is...
Prevention of edema disease in pigs by vaccination with verotoxin 2e toxoid.
Johansen, M, Andresen, L O, Jorsal, S E, Thomsen, L K, Waddell, T E, Gyles, C L
Pigs in 2 herds with persistent problems with post weaning edema disease caused by infection with verotoxin-2e (VT2e)-producing Escherichia coli O139 were treated with a VT2e-toxoid vaccine....
Localization of potential binding sites for the edema disease verotoxin (VT2e) in pigs.
Waddell, T E, Coomber, B L, Gyles, C L
The purpose of this study was to identify organs and cells to which the edema disease verotoxin (VT2e) could bind in pigs. Frozen 4-5 microns thick sections of organs usually affected in edema...
Virulence markers in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cattle.
Sandhu, K S, Clarke, R C, Gyles, C L
This study identified potential virulence markers in 93 eae-positive and 179 eae-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), isolated from a random sampling of healthy cattle in...
Prevention of edema disease in pigs by passive immunization.
Johansen, M, Andresen, L O, Thomsen, L K, Busch, M E, Wachmann, H, Jorsal, S E, ...
The effect of treatment with verotoxin 2e (VT2e) specific antiserum was evaluated in 3 Danish pig herds with edema disease (ED). The antiserum was prepared by immunizing horses with a VT2e toxoid....
Fourteen strains of Escherichia coli of serogroups characteristic of porcine class 2 enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from pigs or calves were selected for genetic studies. The strains were examined...
Galactose epimeraseless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium as live vaccines for calves.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a galactose epimeraseless mutant of Salmonella typhimurium administered as an oral vaccine to one week old calves and to...
Vaccination of calves with a diaminopimelic acid mutant of Salmonella typhimurium.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a diaminopimelic acid mutant of Salmonella typhimurium as a vaccine for calves. Transposon techniques were used to create a stable...
Plasmids of Salmonella muenster and their relation to virulence.
Clarke, R C, Jørgensen, S T, Harnett, N M, Gyles, C L
The plasmid content of 104 strains of Salmonella muenster collected from bovine and human sources in Ontario from 1982 to 1984 was determined. The strains were classified into 17 different groups on...
Characteristics of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli from pigs.
Gannon, V P, Gyles, C L, Friendship, R W
Porcine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli were characterized with respect to frequency of occurrence, serogroup, and association with disease, weaning, and selected properties of the bacterium. Of 668...
Poppe, C, Curtiss, R, Gulig, P A, Gyles, C L
Plasmid DNA of 68 strains of Salmonella that belonged to 18 serovars and exhibited 48 different plasmid profiles was examined for hybridization with a 32P-labelled DNA probe which consisted of a 3750...
Effects of Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxins (verotoxins) in pigs.
Gannon, V P, Gyles, C L, Wilcock, B P
Escherichia coli K12 strains TB1(pCG5), with the genes for Shiga-like toxin IIv from an edema disease isolate of E. coli and TB1(pCG5-1), with the toxin genes inactivated by transposon mutagenesis,...
Wilson, J B, McEwen, S A, Clarke, R C, Leslie, K E, Waltner-Toews, D, Gyles, C L
A case-control study of diarrheal disease in veal calves was conducted over a three month period on a single large veal farm in southern Ontario. One hundred diarrheic calves (cases) were identified...
Enweani, C C, Gyles, C L, Barnum, D A
Nineteen antisera produced in pigs against 14 enteropathogenic and five nonenterotoxigenic porcine strains of Escherichia coli were tested for their ability to inhibit gut loop fluid accumulation...
Enweani, C C, Gyles, C L, Barnum, D A
Fourteen enteropathogenic and five nonenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs were used for producing antisera in rabbits and pigs. These antisera were used in an vitro test...
Four adsorbant drug preparations, Kaopectate, colloidal Attapulgite, noncolloidal Attapulgite and Pepto-bismol were investigated for their effects on fluid accumulation in ligated segments of pig...
The prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the feces of calves with diarrhea.
A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenicity among Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea and from a control group of normal calves. The test organisms...
Characterization of enterotoxigenic bovine Escherichia coli.
Among 300 isolates of bovine Escherichia coli, 56 which had been found enterotoxigenic in calf gut loops were characterized on the basis of O and K antigens, colonial morphology and resistance to...
A Study of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Pigs with Gastro-intestinal Disease
Gyles, C. L., Stevens, J. B., Craven, J. A.
When 200 Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with gastro-intestinal disease were examined, 82.0% of them were found to be enteropathogenic by the ligated intestine test in pigs. Among the 18.0% which...
The significance of enterotoxin production and proliferative ability of Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract as related to porcine enteric colibacillosis was studied in 68 gnotobiotic pigs.
Larivière, S., Gyles, C. L., Barnum, D. A.
A comparison was made between segments of pig and rabbit small intestine in their response to heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) preparations from porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Either...
Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 from Pigs with Colibacillosis in Canada and the United States
Glantz, P. J., Gyles, C. L., Greenfield, J., Øtskov, F.
Cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis in pigs in Canada and the U.S.A. and previously identified as unclassified E. coli OX36 were found to belong to a new E. coli O group 157....
Limitations of the Infant Mouse Test for Escherichia coli Heat Stable Enterotoxin
A study was undertaken to evaluate the response of different test systems to preparations of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) derived from Eschericihia coli strains recovered from diarrheal disease of...
The colonizing and proliferating abilities of enterotoxigenic acapsular or K99- mutants of bovine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were compared with those of their capsulated and K99+...
Six tests were applied to 39 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica of various serotypes and from several sources in an attempt to relate the test to pathogenicity of the strains. The tests that were...
Characterization of strains of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
Twenty-five strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from lesions of caseous lymphadenitis in goats were examined for their biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility,...