The complete nucleotide sequence of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli (1981)
Yanofsky, C., Platt, T., Crawford, I.P., Nichols, B.P., Christie, G.E., Horowitz, H., ...
The tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli has become the basic reference structure for studies on tryptophan metabolism. Within the past five years the application of recombinant DNA and...
Babitzke, P, Bear, D G, Yanofsky, C
The trp RNA-binding attenuation protein of Bacillus subtilis, TRAP, regulates both transcription and translation by binding to specific transcript sequences. The optimal transcript sequences required...
Mutants of Neurospora crassa that alter gene expression and conidia development.
Madi, L, Ebbole, D J, White, B T, Yanofsky, C
Several genes have been identified that are highly expressed during conidiation. Inactivation of these genes has no observable phenotypic effect. Transcripts of two such genes, con-6 and con-10, are...
We have reconstituted Bacillus subtilis trp attenuation in vitro. Purification of the mtrB gene product (TRAP) to near homogeneity allowed us to demonstrate that addition of this protein plus...
Day/night and circadian rhythm control of con gene expression in Neurospora.
In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, several events in the process of conidiation are influenced by light. Two genes, con-6 and con-10, which were previously shown to be transcriptionally...
Neurospora crassa a mating-type region.
The a mating-type region of Neurospora crassa controls several major events in both the sexual and asexual phases of the fungal life cycle. This 3235-base-pair DNA segment is not homologous to the...
Gollnick, P, Ishino, S, Kuroda, M I, Henner, D J, Yanofsky, C
We have cloned and characterized the mtr operon of Bacillus subtilis. This operon encodes a presumed RNA-binding regulatory protein that is required for attenuation control of the trp operon. We have...
The growth-inhibiting drug bicyclomycin, known to be an inhibitor of Rho factor activity in Escherichia coli, was shown to increase basal level expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon and to...
Merino, E, Babitzke, P, Yanofsky, C
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon has been shown to be regulated by transcription attenuation in response to the availability of L-tryptophan. Regulation is mediated by the...
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and transcription attenuation. Elevated levels of tryptophan induce transcription...
Lee, A I, Sarsero, J P, Yanofsky, C
In Bacillus subtilis, the tryptophan-activated trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) regulates expression of the seven tryptophan biosynthetic genes by binding to specific repeat sequences in...
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination at Rho-dependent termination sites in...
To localize the DNA regions responsible for basal-level and induced expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Proteus vulgaris, short deletions were introduced in the 115-bp spacer region...
Physiological studies were performed under nutritional stress and nonstress conditions to assess the relative importance of the various regulatory mechanisms that Escherichia coli can use to alter...
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and transcription attenuation. Expression is induced by the presence of elevated levels of...
Babitzke, P, Gollnick, P, Yanofsky, C
mtrA of Bacillus subtilis was shown to be the structural gene for GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme essential for folic acid biosynthesis. mtrA is the first gene in a bicistronic operon that includes...
Sarsero, J P, Wookey, P J, Gollnick, P, Yanofsky, C, Pittard, A J
The nucleotide sequence of tnaB of the tryptophanase operon of Escherichia coli is presented. TnaB is a tryptophan-specific permease that is homologous to Mtr, a second tryptophan-specific permease,...
Yanofsky, C, Horn, V, Gollnick, P
Escherichia coli forms three permeases that can transport the amino acid tryptophan: Mtr, AroP, and TnaB. The structural genes for these permeases reside in separate operons that are subject to...
Tryptophanase (tna) operon expression in Escherichia coli is induced by tryptophan. This response is mediated by features of a 319-base-pair leader region preceding the major structural genes of the...
Kuroda, M I, Henner, D, Yanofsky, C
Transcription of the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated by attenuation. A trpE'-'lacZ gene fusion preceded by the wild-type trp promoter-leader region was used to analyze regulation....
Ray, J M, Yanofsky, C, Bauerle, R
The nucleotide sequence of aroH, the structural gene for the tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase [DAHPS(Trp)], is presented, and the deduced amino acid sequence...
Role of leader peptide synthesis in tryptophanase operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12.
We used site-directed mutagenesis to replace the Escherichia coli tryptophanase (tna) operon leader peptide start codon with AUC. This change greatly decreased the uninduced rate of tna operon...
Tryptophanase, encoded by the gene tnaA, is a catabolic enzyme distinct from the enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis. Tryptophanase synthesis is induced by tryptophan and is subject to catabolite...
Stewart, V, Landick, R, Yanofsky, C
Recent studies have suggested that expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is subject to transcription termination-antitermination control (V. Stewart and C. Yanofsky, J....
Shimotsu, H, Kuroda, M I, Yanofsky, C, Henner, D J
Transcription of the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated in response to the availability of tryptophan. The first structural gene of the operon is preceded by a 204-base-pair transcribed...
Overproduction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase increased trp operon expression by reducing transcription termination at the trp attenuator. The total cellular level of charged tRNATrp was not...
Yanofsky, C, Kelley, R L, Horn, V
Expression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli is regulated over about a 500- to 600-fold range by the combined action of repression and attenuation. Repression regulates transcription...
We present a correction of the previously reported nucleotide sequence of the Citrobacter freundii trp operon regulatory region. The original sequence analyses were performed with a plasmid...
Regulatory elements common to the Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis trp operons.
Kuroda, M I, Shimotsu, H, Henner, D J, Yanofsky, C
The trp operon regulatory region of Bacillus pumilus was cloned and sequenced. The cloned B. pumilus trp promoter-leader region functioned in Bacillus subtilis to express the adjacent leukocyte...
Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for tryptophanase of Escherichia coli K-12.
The tryptophanase structural gene, tnaA, of Escherichia coli K-12 was cloned and sequenced. The size, amino acid composition, and sequence of the protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence agree...
From a Clark-Carbon plasmid containing trpS, the structural gene for the tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of Escherichia coli, we subcloned a 2.6-kilobase fragment that has trpS and...
Gunsalus, R P, Zurawski, G, Yanofsky, C
Specialized transducing phages containing the thr-trpR region of the Escherichia coli chromosome were derived from a strain with lambda prophage inserted in thr. Cloning of segments of the...
Rifampin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated which had altered patterns of resistance or sensitivity to the inhibitory compounds 5-methyltryptophan and 5-methylanthranilate. The...
Regulation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase formation.
A previously constructed trp-S-lacZ fusion encoding a hybrid protein with beta-galactosidase activity was subcloned from a multicopy plasmid onto a lambda vector. Single-copy lysogens of lambda...
Transcription initiation at the tryptophanase promoter of Escherichia coli K-12.
Restriction fragments containing the region preceding the tryptophanase structural gene, tnaA, were used as templates for in vitro transcription experiments. A transcription initiation site was...
Regulatory region of the Klebsiella aerogenes tryptophan operon.
The trp operon of Klebsiella aerogenes was cloned, and its regulatory region was sequenced. Comparison with previously reported trp regulatory sequences of other enteric bacteria indicates that the...
The regulatory region of the trp operon of Citrobacter freundii was sequenced and compared with the corresponding regions of other enteric bacteria. Significant differences were noted in the promoter...
Translation of the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon.
When the trp operon of Escherichia coli contains either of two deletions that fuse the initial portion of the leader region to the distal segments of the trpE gene, novel fusion polypeptides are...
Yamashiro, C T, Ebbole, D J, Lee, B U, Brown, R E, Bourland, C, Madi, L, ...
The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa undergoes a well-defined developmental program, conidiation, that culminates in the production of numerous asexual spores, conidia. Several cloned genes,...
Yanofsky, C, Horn, V, Nakamura, Y
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced inhibition of Rho-mediated transcription termination. Previous studies...
We investigated the structural, functional, and regulatory properties of the Shigella dysenteriae tryptophan (trp.) operon in transduction hybrids in which the cysB-trp-region of Escherichia coli is...
Tryptophan operon regulation in interspecific hybrids of enteric bacteria.
We examined tryptophan regulation in merodiploid hybrids in which a plasmid carrying the trp operon of Escherichia was introduced into Trp mutants of other enteric genera, or in which a plasmid...
Mitomycin C-induced expression of trpA of Salmonella typhimurium inserted into the plasmid ColE1.
Selker, E, Brown, K, Yanofsky, C
EcoRI endonuclease digestion of the deoxyribonucleic acid of a phi80 transducing phage carrying the entire tryptophan (trp) operon of Salmonella typhimurium (phi80 S.t.trpE-A) yielded a 4.3 X...
Li, S S, Hanlon, J, Yanofsky, C
The partial sequences of the first 40 residues of indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were determined, and three amino acid differences were observed...
Influence of Chromosome Structure on the Frequency of tonB trp Deletions in Escherichia coli
The frequency of tonB trp deletions varies in different strains and substrains of Escherichia coli. Studies with chromosomal hybrids constructed by transducing various segments of the cysB-trp-suIII...
Paluh, J L, Orbach, M J, Legerton, T L, Yanofsky, C
Expression of the gene cpc-1 is required for cross-pathway-mediated regulation of amino acid-biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa. We have cloned cpc-1 and present an analysis of its structure and...
Suppression of Glutamic Acid Codons by Mutant Glycine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid
In previous mutational studies with mutant trpA46 (Gly [GGA] → Glu [GAA] at position 211 of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain) of Escherichia coli, no missense suppressors were detected. Such...
Construction and characterization of double mutants altered in the structural gene of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain of Escherichia coli revealed interactions between amino acid residues at...
ON THE COLINEARITY OF GENE STRUCTURE AND PROTEIN STRUCTURE*
Yanofsky, C., Carlton, B. C., Guest, J. R., Helinski, D. R., Henning, U.
Detection of transcription-pausing in vivo in the trp operon leader region.
Landick, R, Carey, J, Yanofsky, C
To determine whether RNA polymerase pauses during transcription in vivo, we have examined transcripts of the trp operon leader regions of Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli. Labeled RNAs...
Analysis of trp repressor-operator interaction by filter binding.
Klig, L S, Crawford, I P, Yanofsky, C
A filter binding assay was developed that allows measurement of specific binding of trp repressor to operator DNA. The most important feature of this procedure is the concentration and type of salt...
The NH2-terminal arms of trp repressor participate in repressor/operator association.
The 3-dimensional structure of the trp repressor, aporepressor, and repressor/operator complex have been described. The NH2-terminal arms of the protein, comprising approximately 12-14 residues, were...
High level production and rapid purification of the E. coli trp repressor.
Two small, multicopy, expression plasmids were constructed that permit convenient insertion of trpR, the structural gene for the trp repressor of Escherichia coli, with its natural ribosome binding...
Chromosomal Relocation of Prophage-Associated Bacterial Genes1
Taylor, M. W. (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.), and C. Yanofsky. Chromosomal relocation of prophage-associated bacterial genes. J. Bacteriol. 91:1469–1476. 1966.—Two distinguishable colony...
Comparison of the Tryptophan Synthetase α Subunits of Several Species of Enterobacteriaceae
Creighton, T. E., Helinski, D. R., Somerville, R. L., Yanofsky, C.
Creighton, T. E. (Stanford University, Stanford), D. R. Helinski, R. L. Somerville, and C. Yanofsky. Comparison of the tryptophan synthetase α subunits of several species of Enterobacteriaceae. J....
DNA oligomers were synthesized that are perfectly complementary to different segments of the tryptophan (trp) operon leader transcript. These 15 nucleotide long oligomers were used as probes of the...
Expression of trpB and trpA of the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon is shown to be "translationally coupled", i.e., efficient translation of the trpA coding region is dependent on prior translation...
Schneider, W P, Nichols, B P, Yanofsky, C
Hybrid tryptophan synthetase alpha and beta polypeptides were produced by genetic recombination between the trpB--trpA regions of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium contained on compatible,...
We have isolated and sequenced a tRNAPhe gene from Neurospora crassa. Hybridization analyses suggest that trnaPhe is the only tRNA encoded on the cloned 5 kb DNA fragment. The tRNAPhe gene contains...
Nichols, B P, Blumenberg, M, Yanofsky, C
The nucleotide sequence of trpA of Klebsiella aerogenes is presented and compared with the trpA sequences of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The majority of the approximately 200...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli.
Yanofsky, C, Platt, T, Crawford, I P, Nichols, B P, Christie, G E, Horowitz, H, ...
The tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli has become the basic reference structure for studies on tryptophan metabolism. Within the past five years the application of recombinant DNA and...
Nucleotide sequence and conserved features of the 5.8 S rRNA coding region of Neurospora crassa.
The nucleotide sequence of Neurospora crassa 5.8 S rDNA and adjacent regions has been determined. The deduced 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Neurospora differs from the 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Saccharomyces...
Genes expressed during conidiation in Neurospora crassa: characterization of con-8.
The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, by a series of defined changes, differentiates from a mycelium composed of branching hyphae to form dormant spores, called conidia. Several genes of unknown...
We have examined the effects of changing the length and codon content of the trp leader peptide coding region on expression of the trp operon of Escherichia coli, it had previously been shown that...
The trpB and trpA coding regions of the polycistronic trp mRNA of Escherichia coli are separated by overlapping translation stop and start codons. Efficient translation of the trpA coding region is...
Stauffer, G V, Zurawski, G, Yanofsky, C
We have isolated a set of regulatory mutants defective in transcription termination at the attenuator in the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan (trp) operon. In vivo the mutants have 2-...
Winkler, M E, Mullis, K, Barnett, J, Stroynowski, I, Yanofsky, C
A DNA oligomer 15 nucleotides long was used to probe the involvement of RNA secondary structure in the control of transcription termination at the attenuator of the tryptophan (trp) operon of...
Trp aporepressor production is controlled by autogenous regulation and inefficient translation.
We constructed a trpR-lacZ gene fusion that specifies a hybrid protein that has full beta-galactosidase activity. The gene fusion was associated with the unaltered trpR transcription and translation...
Oxender, D L, Anderson, J J, Daniels, C J, Landick, R, Gunsalus, R P, Zurawski, G, ...
The four genes encoding the components of the high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport systems in Escherichia coli (livH, livG, livJ, and livK) have been cloned into lambda phage and...
Oxender, D L, Anderson, J J, Daniels, C J, Landick, R, Gunsalus, R P, Zurawski, G, ...
A 2.1-kilobase Bgl II DNA fragment from Escherichia coli containing livK, the gene coding for the leucine-specific binding protein, has been cloned into the BamHI site of the plasmid vector pBR322....
The nucleotide sequence of trpR of Escherichia coli was determined. This gene codes for a polypeptide (Mr 12,356) that is 108 amino acid residues in length. NH2-terminal, COOH-terminal, and total...
Ebbole, D J, Paluh, J L, Plamann, M, Sachs, M S, Yanofsky, C
CPCI, the principal regulatory protein required for cross-pathway control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa, contains a domain similar to the DNA-binding domain of GCN4, the...
CPC1 is the transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes of Neurospora crassa. CPC1 function in vivo was abolished upon deletion of segments of cpc-1 corresponding to the presumed...
Cloning, sequence, and photoregulation of al-1, a carotenoid biosynthetic gene of Neurospora crassa.
Schmidhauser, T J, Lauter, F R, Russo, V E, Yanofsky, C
Carotenoid biosynthesis is regulated by blue light during growth of Neurospora crassa mycelia. We have cloned the al-1 gene of N. crassa encoding the carotenoid-biosynthetic enzyme phytoene...
An electrophoretic karyotype of Neurospora crassa.
Orbach, M J, Vollrath, D, Davis, R W, Yanofsky, C
A molecular karyotype of Neurospora crassa was obtained by using an alternating-field gel electrophoresis system which employs contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. The migration of all seven...
Cloning of methylated transforming DNA from Neurospora crassa in Escherichia coli.
Orbach, M J, Schneider, W P, Yanofsky, C
An arg-2 mutant of Neurospora crassa was transformed to prototrophy with a pBR322-N. crassa genomic DNA library. Repeated attempts to recover the integrated transforming DNA or segments thereof by...
Molecular analysis of a Neurospora crassa gene expressed during conidiation.
Roberts, A N, Berlin, V, Hager, K M, Yanofsky, C
The asexual developmental pathway in the life cycle of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa culminates in the formation of spores called conidia. Several clones of genomic Neurospora DNA have...
Protein changes during the asexual cycle of Neurospora crassa.
A method for synchronizing conidiation and isolating large numbers of cells at discrete stages of conidia development is described. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the protein...
A Neurospora crassa genomic DNA library was screened with a cDNA probe enriched in sequences expressed in conidiating cultures. Clones were isolated that preferentially hybridized to this probe...
Orbach, M J, Porro, E B, Yanofsky, C
We cloned the beta-tubulin gene of Neurospora crassa from a benomyl-resistant strain and determined its nucleotide sequence. The gene encodes a 447-residue protein which shows strong homology to...
Landick, R, Carey, J, Yanofsky, C
It has been proposed that RNA polymerase pausing in the leader region of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli is responsible for the synchronization of transcription and translation...
The promoter/operator/leader region of the trp operon of Shigella dysenteriae 16 has single base pair differences from the corresponding region of Escherichia coli at positions -24 and -13. The...
Zurawski, G, Elseviers, D, Stauffer, G V, Yanofsky, C
We have isolated two regulatory mutants altered in the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan (trp) operon. In one mutant, trpL29, the AUG translation start codon for the trip leader...
Yanofsky, C, Li, S S, Horn, V, Rowe, J
Genetic exchange between the structural genes for the alpha chain of tryptophan synthetase [tryptophan synthase; L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indoleglycerol-phosphate), EC 4.2.1.20] of E. coli and S....
Purification and characterization of trp aporepressor.
Joachimiak, A, Kelley, R L, Gunsalus, R P, Yanofsky, C, Sigler, P B
We have isolated homogeneous trp aporepressor from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli carrying a plasmid containing trpR preceded by tandem trp operon promoters. Dye-affinity and...
Stroynowski, I, Kuroda, M, Yanofsky, C
The role of alternative RNA secondary structures in regulating transcription termination at the attenuator of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Serratia marcescens was examined in vitro by transcribing...
Das, A, Urbanowski, J, Weissbach, H, Nestor, J, Yanofsky, C
We used an in vitro DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system to demonstrate de novo synthesis of the leader peptide specified by the tryptophan (trp) operons of several bacterial species. Peptide...
Several classes of trp repressor mutants were selected and analyzed in vivo. Mutants that produced repressors with either enhanced or reduced activity were obtained. One class of mutants produced...
Oxender, D L, Zurawski, G, Yanofsky, C
The secondary structure of the terminated trp leader transcript from Escherichia coli was analyzed by RNase T1 partial digestion. Base-paired regions were recovered by nondenaturing gel...
The complete nucleotide sequences of trpA of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli were determined. The nucleotide sequences are 24.8% divergent, compared with amino acid sequence divergence of...
Bennett, G N, Schweingruber, M E, Brown, K D, Squires, C, Yanofsky, C
The nucleotide sequence of the region preceding the transcription initiation site of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli was determined. Essentially all of the trp operator precedes the...
Transcription termination at the attenuators of the trp operons of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was studied in vitro using DNA restriction fragments as templates. Readthrough...
An intercistronic region and ribosome-binding site in bacterial messenger RNA.
A messenger RNA fragment about 220 nucleotides long has been isolated from 32-P-labeled tryptophan operon mRNA of Escherichia coli. When point mutations at the end of trpB and the beginning of trpA...
Li, S. L., Denney, R. M., Yanofsky, C.
Two different estimates were obtained for the extent of nucleotide sequence divergence in the structural genes of the tryptophan synthetase α-chains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and...
cot-1, a gene required for hyphal elongation in Neurospora crassa, encodes a protein kinase.
Yarden, O, Plamann, M, Ebbole, D J, Yanofsky, C
Neurospora crassa is a filamentous fungus that grows on semisolid media by forming spreading colonies. Mutations at several loci prevent this spreading growth. cot-1 is a temperature sensitive mutant...
Second-Site Revertants of Escherichia Coli Trp Repressor Mutants
Klig, L. S., Oxender, D. L., Yanofsky, C.
Second-site reversion studies were performed with five missense mutants with defects in the trp repressor of Escherichia coli. These mutants were altered throughout the gene. The same unidirectional...
Paluh, J. L., Plamann, M., Kruger, D., Barthelmess, I. B., Yanofsky, C., Perkins, D. D.
cpc-1 is the locus specifying what is believed to be the major trans-activating transcription factor that regulates expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes subject to cross-pathway control in...
Babitzke, P, Bear, D G, Yanofsky, C
The trp RNA-binding attenuation protein of Bacillus subtilis, TRAP, regulates both transcription and translation by binding to specific transcript sequences. The optimal transcript sequences required...
Mutants of Neurospora crassa that alter gene expression and conidia development.
Madi, L, Ebbole, D J, White, B T, Yanofsky, C
Several genes have been identified that are highly expressed during conidiation. Inactivation of these genes has no observable phenotypic effect. Transcripts of two such genes, con-6 and con-10, are...
We have reconstituted Bacillus subtilis trp attenuation in vitro. Purification of the mtrB gene product (TRAP) to near homogeneity allowed us to demonstrate that addition of this protein plus...
Day/night and circadian rhythm control of con gene expression in Neurospora.
In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, several events in the process of conidiation are influenced by light. Two genes, con-6 and con-10, which were previously shown to be transcriptionally...
Neurospora crassa a mating-type region.
The a mating-type region of Neurospora crassa controls several major events in both the sexual and asexual phases of the fungal life cycle. This 3235-base-pair DNA segment is not homologous to the...
Gollnick, P, Ishino, S, Kuroda, M I, Henner, D J, Yanofsky, C
We have cloned and characterized the mtr operon of Bacillus subtilis. This operon encodes a presumed RNA-binding regulatory protein that is required for attenuation control of the trp operon. We have...
The growth-inhibiting drug bicyclomycin, known to be an inhibitor of Rho factor activity in Escherichia coli, was shown to increase basal level expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon and to...
Merino, E, Babitzke, P, Yanofsky, C
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon has been shown to be regulated by transcription attenuation in response to the availability of L-tryptophan. Regulation is mediated by the...
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and transcription attenuation. Elevated levels of tryptophan induce transcription...
Lee, A I, Sarsero, J P, Yanofsky, C
In Bacillus subtilis, the tryptophan-activated trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) regulates expression of the seven tryptophan biosynthetic genes by binding to specific repeat sequences in...
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination at Rho-dependent termination sites in...
To localize the DNA regions responsible for basal-level and induced expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Proteus vulgaris, short deletions were introduced in the 115-bp spacer region...
Physiological studies were performed under nutritional stress and nonstress conditions to assess the relative importance of the various regulatory mechanisms that Escherichia coli can use to alter...
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and transcription attenuation. Expression is induced by the presence of elevated levels of...
Babitzke, P, Gollnick, P, Yanofsky, C
mtrA of Bacillus subtilis was shown to be the structural gene for GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme essential for folic acid biosynthesis. mtrA is the first gene in a bicistronic operon that includes...
Sarsero, J P, Wookey, P J, Gollnick, P, Yanofsky, C, Pittard, A J
The nucleotide sequence of tnaB of the tryptophanase operon of Escherichia coli is presented. TnaB is a tryptophan-specific permease that is homologous to Mtr, a second tryptophan-specific permease,...
Yanofsky, C, Horn, V, Gollnick, P
Escherichia coli forms three permeases that can transport the amino acid tryptophan: Mtr, AroP, and TnaB. The structural genes for these permeases reside in separate operons that are subject to...
Tryptophanase (tna) operon expression in Escherichia coli is induced by tryptophan. This response is mediated by features of a 319-base-pair leader region preceding the major structural genes of the...
Kuroda, M I, Henner, D, Yanofsky, C
Transcription of the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated by attenuation. A trpE'-'lacZ gene fusion preceded by the wild-type trp promoter-leader region was used to analyze regulation....
Ray, J M, Yanofsky, C, Bauerle, R
The nucleotide sequence of aroH, the structural gene for the tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase [DAHPS(Trp)], is presented, and the deduced amino acid sequence...
Role of leader peptide synthesis in tryptophanase operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12.
We used site-directed mutagenesis to replace the Escherichia coli tryptophanase (tna) operon leader peptide start codon with AUC. This change greatly decreased the uninduced rate of tna operon...
Tryptophanase, encoded by the gene tnaA, is a catabolic enzyme distinct from the enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis. Tryptophanase synthesis is induced by tryptophan and is subject to catabolite...
Stewart, V, Landick, R, Yanofsky, C
Recent studies have suggested that expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is subject to transcription termination-antitermination control (V. Stewart and C. Yanofsky, J....
Shimotsu, H, Kuroda, M I, Yanofsky, C, Henner, D J
Transcription of the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated in response to the availability of tryptophan. The first structural gene of the operon is preceded by a 204-base-pair transcribed...
Overproduction of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase increased trp operon expression by reducing transcription termination at the trp attenuator. The total cellular level of charged tRNATrp was not...
Yanofsky, C, Kelley, R L, Horn, V
Expression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli is regulated over about a 500- to 600-fold range by the combined action of repression and attenuation. Repression regulates transcription...
We present a correction of the previously reported nucleotide sequence of the Citrobacter freundii trp operon regulatory region. The original sequence analyses were performed with a plasmid...
Regulatory elements common to the Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis trp operons.
Kuroda, M I, Shimotsu, H, Henner, D J, Yanofsky, C
The trp operon regulatory region of Bacillus pumilus was cloned and sequenced. The cloned B. pumilus trp promoter-leader region functioned in Bacillus subtilis to express the adjacent leukocyte...
Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for tryptophanase of Escherichia coli K-12.
The tryptophanase structural gene, tnaA, of Escherichia coli K-12 was cloned and sequenced. The size, amino acid composition, and sequence of the protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence agree...
From a Clark-Carbon plasmid containing trpS, the structural gene for the tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of Escherichia coli, we subcloned a 2.6-kilobase fragment that has trpS and...
Gunsalus, R P, Zurawski, G, Yanofsky, C
Specialized transducing phages containing the thr-trpR region of the Escherichia coli chromosome were derived from a strain with lambda prophage inserted in thr. Cloning of segments of the...
Rifampin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated which had altered patterns of resistance or sensitivity to the inhibitory compounds 5-methyltryptophan and 5-methylanthranilate. The...
Regulation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase formation.
A previously constructed trp-S-lacZ fusion encoding a hybrid protein with beta-galactosidase activity was subcloned from a multicopy plasmid onto a lambda vector. Single-copy lysogens of lambda...
Transcription initiation at the tryptophanase promoter of Escherichia coli K-12.
Restriction fragments containing the region preceding the tryptophanase structural gene, tnaA, were used as templates for in vitro transcription experiments. A transcription initiation site was...
Regulatory region of the Klebsiella aerogenes tryptophan operon.
The trp operon of Klebsiella aerogenes was cloned, and its regulatory region was sequenced. Comparison with previously reported trp regulatory sequences of other enteric bacteria indicates that the...
The regulatory region of the trp operon of Citrobacter freundii was sequenced and compared with the corresponding regions of other enteric bacteria. Significant differences were noted in the promoter...
Translation of the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon.
When the trp operon of Escherichia coli contains either of two deletions that fuse the initial portion of the leader region to the distal segments of the trpE gene, novel fusion polypeptides are...
Yamashiro, C T, Ebbole, D J, Lee, B U, Brown, R E, Bourland, C, Madi, L, ...
The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa undergoes a well-defined developmental program, conidiation, that culminates in the production of numerous asexual spores, conidia. Several cloned genes,...
Yanofsky, C, Horn, V, Nakamura, Y
Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced inhibition of Rho-mediated transcription termination. Previous studies...
We investigated the structural, functional, and regulatory properties of the Shigella dysenteriae tryptophan (trp.) operon in transduction hybrids in which the cysB-trp-region of Escherichia coli is...
Tryptophan operon regulation in interspecific hybrids of enteric bacteria.
We examined tryptophan regulation in merodiploid hybrids in which a plasmid carrying the trp operon of Escherichia was introduced into Trp mutants of other enteric genera, or in which a plasmid...
Mitomycin C-induced expression of trpA of Salmonella typhimurium inserted into the plasmid ColE1.
Selker, E, Brown, K, Yanofsky, C
EcoRI endonuclease digestion of the deoxyribonucleic acid of a phi80 transducing phage carrying the entire tryptophan (trp) operon of Salmonella typhimurium (phi80 S.t.trpE-A) yielded a 4.3 X...
Li, S S, Hanlon, J, Yanofsky, C
The partial sequences of the first 40 residues of indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were determined, and three amino acid differences were observed...
Influence of Chromosome Structure on the Frequency of tonB trp Deletions in Escherichia coli
The frequency of tonB trp deletions varies in different strains and substrains of Escherichia coli. Studies with chromosomal hybrids constructed by transducing various segments of the cysB-trp-suIII...
Paluh, J L, Orbach, M J, Legerton, T L, Yanofsky, C
Expression of the gene cpc-1 is required for cross-pathway-mediated regulation of amino acid-biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa. We have cloned cpc-1 and present an analysis of its structure and...
Suppression of Glutamic Acid Codons by Mutant Glycine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid
In previous mutational studies with mutant trpA46 (Gly [GGA] → Glu [GAA] at position 211 of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain) of Escherichia coli, no missense suppressors were detected. Such...
Construction and characterization of double mutants altered in the structural gene of the tryptophan synthetase alpha chain of Escherichia coli revealed interactions between amino acid residues at...
ON THE COLINEARITY OF GENE STRUCTURE AND PROTEIN STRUCTURE*
Yanofsky, C., Carlton, B. C., Guest, J. R., Helinski, D. R., Henning, U.
Detection of transcription-pausing in vivo in the trp operon leader region.
Landick, R, Carey, J, Yanofsky, C
To determine whether RNA polymerase pauses during transcription in vivo, we have examined transcripts of the trp operon leader regions of Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli. Labeled RNAs...
Analysis of trp repressor-operator interaction by filter binding.
Klig, L S, Crawford, I P, Yanofsky, C
A filter binding assay was developed that allows measurement of specific binding of trp repressor to operator DNA. The most important feature of this procedure is the concentration and type of salt...
The NH2-terminal arms of trp repressor participate in repressor/operator association.
The 3-dimensional structure of the trp repressor, aporepressor, and repressor/operator complex have been described. The NH2-terminal arms of the protein, comprising approximately 12-14 residues, were...
High level production and rapid purification of the E. coli trp repressor.
Two small, multicopy, expression plasmids were constructed that permit convenient insertion of trpR, the structural gene for the trp repressor of Escherichia coli, with its natural ribosome binding...
Chromosomal Relocation of Prophage-Associated Bacterial Genes1
Taylor, M. W. (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.), and C. Yanofsky. Chromosomal relocation of prophage-associated bacterial genes. J. Bacteriol. 91:1469–1476. 1966.—Two distinguishable colony...
Comparison of the Tryptophan Synthetase α Subunits of Several Species of Enterobacteriaceae
Creighton, T. E., Helinski, D. R., Somerville, R. L., Yanofsky, C.
Creighton, T. E. (Stanford University, Stanford), D. R. Helinski, R. L. Somerville, and C. Yanofsky. Comparison of the tryptophan synthetase α subunits of several species of Enterobacteriaceae. J....
DNA oligomers were synthesized that are perfectly complementary to different segments of the tryptophan (trp) operon leader transcript. These 15 nucleotide long oligomers were used as probes of the...
Expression of trpB and trpA of the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon is shown to be "translationally coupled", i.e., efficient translation of the trpA coding region is dependent on prior translation...
Schneider, W P, Nichols, B P, Yanofsky, C
Hybrid tryptophan synthetase alpha and beta polypeptides were produced by genetic recombination between the trpB--trpA regions of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium contained on compatible,...
We have isolated and sequenced a tRNAPhe gene from Neurospora crassa. Hybridization analyses suggest that trnaPhe is the only tRNA encoded on the cloned 5 kb DNA fragment. The tRNAPhe gene contains...
Nichols, B P, Blumenberg, M, Yanofsky, C
The nucleotide sequence of trpA of Klebsiella aerogenes is presented and compared with the trpA sequences of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The majority of the approximately 200...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli.
Yanofsky, C, Platt, T, Crawford, I P, Nichols, B P, Christie, G E, Horowitz, H, ...
The tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli has become the basic reference structure for studies on tryptophan metabolism. Within the past five years the application of recombinant DNA and...
Nucleotide sequence and conserved features of the 5.8 S rRNA coding region of Neurospora crassa.
The nucleotide sequence of Neurospora crassa 5.8 S rDNA and adjacent regions has been determined. The deduced 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Neurospora differs from the 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Saccharomyces...
Genes expressed during conidiation in Neurospora crassa: characterization of con-8.
The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, by a series of defined changes, differentiates from a mycelium composed of branching hyphae to form dormant spores, called conidia. Several genes of unknown...
We have examined the effects of changing the length and codon content of the trp leader peptide coding region on expression of the trp operon of Escherichia coli, it had previously been shown that...
The trpB and trpA coding regions of the polycistronic trp mRNA of Escherichia coli are separated by overlapping translation stop and start codons. Efficient translation of the trpA coding region is...
Stauffer, G V, Zurawski, G, Yanofsky, C
We have isolated a set of regulatory mutants defective in transcription termination at the attenuator in the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan (trp) operon. In vivo the mutants have 2-...
Winkler, M E, Mullis, K, Barnett, J, Stroynowski, I, Yanofsky, C
A DNA oligomer 15 nucleotides long was used to probe the involvement of RNA secondary structure in the control of transcription termination at the attenuator of the tryptophan (trp) operon of...
Trp aporepressor production is controlled by autogenous regulation and inefficient translation.
We constructed a trpR-lacZ gene fusion that specifies a hybrid protein that has full beta-galactosidase activity. The gene fusion was associated with the unaltered trpR transcription and translation...
Oxender, D L, Anderson, J J, Daniels, C J, Landick, R, Gunsalus, R P, Zurawski, G, ...
The four genes encoding the components of the high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport systems in Escherichia coli (livH, livG, livJ, and livK) have been cloned into lambda phage and...
Oxender, D L, Anderson, J J, Daniels, C J, Landick, R, Gunsalus, R P, Zurawski, G, ...
A 2.1-kilobase Bgl II DNA fragment from Escherichia coli containing livK, the gene coding for the leucine-specific binding protein, has been cloned into the BamHI site of the plasmid vector pBR322....
The nucleotide sequence of trpR of Escherichia coli was determined. This gene codes for a polypeptide (Mr 12,356) that is 108 amino acid residues in length. NH2-terminal, COOH-terminal, and total...
Ebbole, D J, Paluh, J L, Plamann, M, Sachs, M S, Yanofsky, C
CPCI, the principal regulatory protein required for cross-pathway control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa, contains a domain similar to the DNA-binding domain of GCN4, the...
CPC1 is the transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes of Neurospora crassa. CPC1 function in vivo was abolished upon deletion of segments of cpc-1 corresponding to the presumed...
Cloning, sequence, and photoregulation of al-1, a carotenoid biosynthetic gene of Neurospora crassa.
Schmidhauser, T J, Lauter, F R, Russo, V E, Yanofsky, C
Carotenoid biosynthesis is regulated by blue light during growth of Neurospora crassa mycelia. We have cloned the al-1 gene of N. crassa encoding the carotenoid-biosynthetic enzyme phytoene...
An electrophoretic karyotype of Neurospora crassa.
Orbach, M J, Vollrath, D, Davis, R W, Yanofsky, C
A molecular karyotype of Neurospora crassa was obtained by using an alternating-field gel electrophoresis system which employs contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields. The migration of all seven...
Cloning of methylated transforming DNA from Neurospora crassa in Escherichia coli.
Orbach, M J, Schneider, W P, Yanofsky, C
An arg-2 mutant of Neurospora crassa was transformed to prototrophy with a pBR322-N. crassa genomic DNA library. Repeated attempts to recover the integrated transforming DNA or segments thereof by...
Molecular analysis of a Neurospora crassa gene expressed during conidiation.
Roberts, A N, Berlin, V, Hager, K M, Yanofsky, C
The asexual developmental pathway in the life cycle of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa culminates in the formation of spores called conidia. Several clones of genomic Neurospora DNA have...
Protein changes during the asexual cycle of Neurospora crassa.
A method for synchronizing conidiation and isolating large numbers of cells at discrete stages of conidia development is described. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the protein...
A Neurospora crassa genomic DNA library was screened with a cDNA probe enriched in sequences expressed in conidiating cultures. Clones were isolated that preferentially hybridized to this probe...
Orbach, M J, Porro, E B, Yanofsky, C
We cloned the beta-tubulin gene of Neurospora crassa from a benomyl-resistant strain and determined its nucleotide sequence. The gene encodes a 447-residue protein which shows strong homology to...
Landick, R, Carey, J, Yanofsky, C
It has been proposed that RNA polymerase pausing in the leader region of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli is responsible for the synchronization of transcription and translation...
The promoter/operator/leader region of the trp operon of Shigella dysenteriae 16 has single base pair differences from the corresponding region of Escherichia coli at positions -24 and -13. The...
Zurawski, G, Elseviers, D, Stauffer, G V, Yanofsky, C
We have isolated two regulatory mutants altered in the leader region of the Escherichia coli tryptophan (trp) operon. In one mutant, trpL29, the AUG translation start codon for the trip leader...
Yanofsky, C, Li, S S, Horn, V, Rowe, J
Genetic exchange between the structural genes for the alpha chain of tryptophan synthetase [tryptophan synthase; L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indoleglycerol-phosphate), EC 4.2.1.20] of E. coli and S....
Purification and characterization of trp aporepressor.
Joachimiak, A, Kelley, R L, Gunsalus, R P, Yanofsky, C, Sigler, P B
We have isolated homogeneous trp aporepressor from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli carrying a plasmid containing trpR preceded by tandem trp operon promoters. Dye-affinity and...
Stroynowski, I, Kuroda, M, Yanofsky, C
The role of alternative RNA secondary structures in regulating transcription termination at the attenuator of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Serratia marcescens was examined in vitro by transcribing...
Das, A, Urbanowski, J, Weissbach, H, Nestor, J, Yanofsky, C
We used an in vitro DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system to demonstrate de novo synthesis of the leader peptide specified by the tryptophan (trp) operons of several bacterial species. Peptide...
Several classes of trp repressor mutants were selected and analyzed in vivo. Mutants that produced repressors with either enhanced or reduced activity were obtained. One class of mutants produced...
Oxender, D L, Zurawski, G, Yanofsky, C
The secondary structure of the terminated trp leader transcript from Escherichia coli was analyzed by RNase T1 partial digestion. Base-paired regions were recovered by nondenaturing gel...
The complete nucleotide sequences of trpA of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli were determined. The nucleotide sequences are 24.8% divergent, compared with amino acid sequence divergence of...
Bennett, G N, Schweingruber, M E, Brown, K D, Squires, C, Yanofsky, C
The nucleotide sequence of the region preceding the transcription initiation site of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli was determined. Essentially all of the trp operator precedes the...
Transcription termination at the attenuators of the trp operons of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was studied in vitro using DNA restriction fragments as templates. Readthrough...
An intercistronic region and ribosome-binding site in bacterial messenger RNA.
A messenger RNA fragment about 220 nucleotides long has been isolated from 32-P-labeled tryptophan operon mRNA of Escherichia coli. When point mutations at the end of trpB and the beginning of trpA...
Li, S. L., Denney, R. M., Yanofsky, C.
Two different estimates were obtained for the extent of nucleotide sequence divergence in the structural genes of the tryptophan synthetase α-chains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and...
cot-1, a gene required for hyphal elongation in Neurospora crassa, encodes a protein kinase.
Yarden, O, Plamann, M, Ebbole, D J, Yanofsky, C
Neurospora crassa is a filamentous fungus that grows on semisolid media by forming spreading colonies. Mutations at several loci prevent this spreading growth. cot-1 is a temperature sensitive mutant...
Second-Site Revertants of Escherichia Coli Trp Repressor Mutants
Klig, L. S., Oxender, D. L., Yanofsky, C.
Second-site reversion studies were performed with five missense mutants with defects in the trp repressor of Escherichia coli. These mutants were altered throughout the gene. The same unidirectional...
Paluh, J. L., Plamann, M., Kruger, D., Barthelmess, I. B., Yanofsky, C., Perkins, D. D.
cpc-1 is the locus specifying what is believed to be the major trans-activating transcription factor that regulates expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes subject to cross-pathway control in...
Gryk, M. R., Jardetzky, O., Klig, L. S., Yanofsky, C.
Trp repressor (25 kDa) is a regulatory protein that controls transcription initiation in the tryptophan biosynthetic operon and at least four other operons in Escherichia coli. An alanine to valine...