Schlotz, Wolff, Jones, Alexander, Phillips, David I.W., Gale, Catharine R., Robinson, Sian M., Godfrey, Keith M.
Background: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been linked with fetal brain development and psychopathology in the offspring. We examined for associations of maternal folate status and dietary...
Robinson, Siân. M., Marriott, Lynne D., Harvey, Nick C., Gale, Catharine R., Inskip, Hazel M., ...
Context: most studies of infant diet and later body composition focus on milk feeding; few consider the influence of variations in the weaning diet. Objective: our objective was to examine how...
Dietary patterns in infancy and cognitive and neuropsychological function in childhood (2009)
Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N., Marriott, Lynne D., Limmond, Jennifer, Crozier, Sarah, Inskip, Hazel M., ...
Background: trials in developing countries suggest that improving young children's diet may benefit cognitive development. Whether dietary composition influences young children's cognition in...
Harvey, Nicholas C., Robinson, Sian M., Crozier, Sarah R., Marriott, Lynne D., Gale, Catharine R., Cole, Zoe A., ...
The impact of variations in current infant feeding practice on bone mineral accrual is not known. We examined the associations between duration of breast-feeding and compliance with infant dietary...
Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and childhood bone mass: a longitudinal study (2009)
Cole, Zoe A., Gale, Catharine R., Javaid, M. Kassim, Robinson, Sian M., Law, Catherine M., Boucher, Barbara J., ...
Maternal nutrition is a potentially important determinant of intrauterine skeletal development. Previous studies have examined the effects of individual nutrients, but the pattern of food consumption...
Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and childhood bone mass: a longitudinal study (2009)
Cole, Zoe A., Gale, Catharine R., Javaid, M. Kassim, Robinson, Sian M., Law, Catherine, Boucher, Barbara J., ...
Maternal nutrition is a potentially important determinant of intrauterine skeletal development. Previous studies have examined the effects of individual nutrients, but the pattern of food consumption...
Gale, Catharine R, Johnson, Wendy, Deary, Ian J, Schoon, Ingrid, Batty, G David
Background Exposure to tobacco smoke either in utero or postnatally can have substantial adverse effects on child health, yet many women continue to smoke during pregnancy and after the birth. How...
Batty, G. David, Lewars, Heather, Emslie, Carol, Gale, Catharine R., Hunt, Kate
Background The health and social impact of drinking in excess of internationally recognized weekly (>21 units in men; >14 units in women) and daily (>4 units in men; >3 units in women)...
Batty, G. David, Gale, Catharine R., Tynelius, Per, Deary, Ian J., Rasmussen, Finn
The authors evaluated the little-examined association between intelligence (IQ) and injury mortality and, for the first known time, explored the extent to which IQ might explain established...
Gale, Catharine R., Deary, Ian J., Boyle, Stephen H., Barefoot, John, Mortensen, Laust H., Batty, G. David
CONTEXT: Lower cognitive ability is a risk factor for some forms of psychopathology, but much of the evidence for risk is based on individuals who required specialist care. It is unclear whether...
Gale, Catharine R., Robinson, Sian M., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Schlotz, Wolff, O'Callaghan, F.J.
Background: Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to be important for fetal neurodevelopment. Animal studies suggest that a deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to...
Gale, Catharine R., Batty, G. David, Deary, Ian J.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between locus of control at age 10 years and self-reported health outcomes (overweight, obesity, psychological distress, health, and hypertension) and health...
Reduced gestational age associated with an increased likelihood of depression in later life (2008)
everal studies have shown that individuals born with a lower birth weight have an increased risk of depression as adults. Birth weight reflects not just fetal growth but also length of gestation, yet...
Bright children become enlightened adults (2008)
Deary, Ian J., Batty, G. David, Gale, Catharine R.
We examined the prospective association between general intelligence (g) at age 10 and liberal and antitraditional social attitudes at age 30 in a large (N= 7,070), representative sample of the...
Batty, G. David, Smith, George Davey, Fall, Caroline H.D., Sayer, Avan Aihie, Dennison, Elaine, Cooper, Cyrus, ...
BACKGROUND: There is a suggestion that acute dehydration in childhood may lead to elevated blood pressure. We examined if episodes of diarrhoea in childhood, a recognized proxy for acute dehydration,...
Maternal size in pregnancy and body composition in children (2007)
Gale, Catharine R., Javaid, M. Kassim, Robinson, Sian M., Law, Catherine M., Godfrey, Keith M., Cooper, Cyrus
Context: Evidence suggests that babies' fat mass at birth is greater if their mothers were themselves fatter during pregnancy, but it is unclear whether this association persists into childhood....
Readiness of elders to use assistive devices to maintain their independence in the home (2007)
Pain, Helen, Gale, Catharine R, Watson, Clare, Cox, Vanessa, Cooper, Cyrus, Sayer, Avan Aihie
Readiness of elders to use assistive devices to maintain their independence in the home (2007)
Pain, Helen, Gale, Catharine R., Watson, Clare, Cox, Vanessa, Cooper, Cyrus, Aihie Sayer, Avan
Grip strength, body composition, and mortality (2007)
Gale, Catharine R, Martyn, Christopher N, Cooper, Cyrus, Sayer, Avan Aihie
Background Several studies in older people have shown that grip strength predicts all-cause mortality. The mechanisms are unclear. Muscle strength declines with age, accompanied by a loss of muscle...
IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood:1970 British cohort study (2007)
Gale, Catharine R, Deary, Ian J., Schoon, Ingrid, Batty, G. David
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study in which IQ was assessed by tests of mental ability at age 10 years and...
Grip strength, body composition, and mortality (2007)
Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N., Cooper, Cyrus, Sayer, Avan Aihie
BACKGROUND: Several studies in older people have shown that grip strength predicts all-cause mortality. The mechanisms are unclear. Muscle strength declines with age, accompanied by a loss of muscle...
Batty, G. David, Deary, Ian J., Schoon, Ingrid, Gale, Catharine R.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability in childhood with food consumption and physical activity in adulthood. METHODS: Based on a cohort...
Batty, G David, Smith, George Davey, Fall, Caroline H D, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Dennison, Elaine, Cooper, Cyrus, ...
Background There is a suggestion that acute dehydration in childhood may lead to elevated blood pressure. We examined if episodes of diarrhoea in childhood, a recognized proxy for acute dehydration,...
Gale, Catharine R., O'Callaghan, Finbar J., Bredow, Maria, Martyn, Christopher
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of head growth prenatally, during infancy, and during later periods of development on cognitive function at the ages of 4 and 8 years. METHODS: We studied 633...
Maternal diet during pregnancy and carotid intima-media thickness in children (2006)
Gale, Catharine R., Jiang, Benyu, Robinson, Sian M., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Martyn, Christopher N.
OBJECTIVE: Autopsy studies show that intimal lipid accumulations in arteries are often present at birth, suggesting that the prenatal environment plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis....
Maternal diet during pregnancy and carotid intima-media thickness in children (2006)
Gale, Catharine R., Jiang, Benyu, Robinson, Sian M., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Martyn, Christopher N.
OBJECTIVE: Autopsy studies show that intimal lipid accumulations in arteries are often present at birth, suggesting that the prenatal environment plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis....
Birth weight and cardiac structure in children (2006)
Jiang, Benyu, Godfrey, Keith M., Martyn, Christopher N., Gale, Catharine R.
OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic studies have shown associations between impaired fetal growth and risk for coronary heart disease in adults. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated whether...
Grip strength, body composition, and mortality (2006)
Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N., Cooper, Cyrus, Sayer, Avan Aihie
Background Several studies in older people have shown that grip strength predicts all-cause mortality. The mechanisms are unclear. Muscle strength declines with age, accompanied by a loss of muscle...
Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children (2004)
Gale, Catharine R., O'Callaghan, Finbar J., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Martyn, Christopher N.
There is evidence that IQ tends to be higher in those who were heavier at birth or who grew taller in childhood and adolescence. Although these findings imply that growth in both foetal and postnatal...
Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort (2004)
Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N.
Background: Low birth weight increases the risk of childhood behavioural problems, but it is not clear whether poor foetal growth has a long-term influence on susceptibility to depression. Aims: To...
Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children (2004)
Gale, Catharine R., OCallaghan, Finbar J., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Martyn, Christopher N.
There is evidence that IQ tends to be higher in those who were heavier at birth or who grew taller in childhood and adolescence. Although these findings imply that growth in both foetal and postnatal...
Foetal and postnatal head growth and risk of cognitive decline in old age (2003)
Gale, Catharine R., Walton, Sheila, Martyn, Christopher N.
Studies of elderly people have shown that scores on tests of cognitive function tend to be higher in those with larger head circumferences. One explanation for these findings is that optimal brain...
Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration (2003)
Gale, Catharine R., Hall, Nigel F., Phillips, David I.W., Martyn, Christopher N.
PURPOSE. To investigate the relation between plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and age-related macular degeneration in a group of elderly men and women. METHODS. The Wisconsin...
Variation in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene and risk of coronary heart disease (2003)
Ye, Shu, Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N.
Aims: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a proteolytic enzyme able to degrade types I and III collagens, is present in atherosclerotic lesions but absent from the normal blood vessel wall. The...
Variation in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene and risk of coronary heart disease (2003)
Ye, Shu, Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N.
AIMS: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a proteolytic enzyme able to degrade types I and III collagens, is present in atherosclerotic lesions but absent from the normal blood vessel wall. The...
Foetal and postnatal head growth and risk of cognitive decline in old age (2003)
Gale, Catharine R., Walton, Sheila, Martyn, Christopher N.
Studies of elderly people have shown that scores on tests of cognitive function tend to be higher in those with larger head circumferences. One explanation for these findings is that optimal brain...
Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children (2003)
Gale, Catharine R., O’Callaghan, Finbar J., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Martyn, Christopher N.
There is evidence that IQ tends to be higher in those who were heavier at birth or who grew taller in childhood and adolescence. Although these findings imply that growth in both foetal and postnatal...
Variation in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene and risk of coronary heart disease (2003)
Ye, Shu, Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N.
Aims Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a proteolytic enzyme able to degrade types I and III collagens, is present in atherosclerotic lesions but absent from the normal blood vessel wall. The recent...
Foetal and postnatal head growth and risk of cognitive decline in old age (2003)
Gale, Catharine R., Walton, Sheila, Martyn, Christopher N.
Studies of elderly people have shown that scores on tests of cognitive function tend to be higher in those with larger head circumferences. One explanation for these findings is that optimal brain...
Critical periods of brain growth and cognitive function in children (2003)
Gale, Catharine R., O’Callaghan, Finbar J., Godfrey, Keith M., Law, Catherine M., Martyn, Christopher N.
There is evidence that IQ tends to be higher in those who were heavier at birth or who grew taller in childhood and adolescence. Although these findings imply that growth in both foetal and postnatal...
Size at birth and carotid atherosclerosis in later life (2002)
Gale, Catharine R., Ashurst, Hazel E., Hall, Nigel F., MacCallum, Peter K., Martyn, Christopher N.
Several studies have shown that low birthweight is associated with a higher risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in later life. Increased atherogenesis may be one underlying mechanism, but few...
Hall, Nigel F., Gale, Catharine R.
Age related macular degeneration may be recognised in its early stages by the appearance of drusen and pigment change within the retina, but it produces few symptoms. Progression of age related...
Relation between size at birth and risk of age-related macular degeneration (2002)
Hall, Nigel F., Gale, Catharine R., Syddall, Holly, Martyn, Christopher N., Phillips, David I.W.
PURPOSE. To determine whether poor fetal growth, as determined by size at birth, is associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration. METHODS. A total of 660 men and women born in...
Antioxidant vitamin status and carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly (2001)
Gale, Catharine R., Ashurst, Hazel E., Powers, Hilary J., Martyn, Christopher N.
Background: The oxidative modification of LDL is thought to play a crucial role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Antioxidant vitamins can protect LDL from oxidation, and high intakes or blood...
Dietary antioxidants and dementia (2001)
As the populations of the developed world continue to age, the number of people who develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other forms of dementia is set to rise. In the United States, for example, the...
Intrauterine programming of adult body composition (2001)
Gale, Catharine R., Martyn, Christopher N., Kellingray, Samantha, Eastell, Richard, Cooper, Cyrus
Epidemiological studies suggest an association between weight in infancy and the risk of osteoporosis in later life. The extent to which this reflects environmental influences on skeletal growth and...
Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract (2001)
Gale, Catharine R., Hall, Nigel F., Phillips, David I.W., Martyn, Christopher N.
Objective: To investigate the relationships between plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts in a group of elderly men...
Renal function, plasma homocysteine and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly people (2001)
Gale, Catharine R., Ashurst, Hazel, Phillips, Nirree, Moat, Stuart J., Bonham, James R., Martyn, Christopher N.
Although epidemiological studies suggest that people with minor impairment of renal function are at higher risk of stroke and coronary heart disease, the mechanisms underlying this relation are...
Relation between size at birth and age-related cataract (2001)
Hall, Nigel F., Gale, Catharine R., Syddall, Holly E., Martyn, Christpher N., Phillips, David I.W.
PURPOSE. To determine whether poor fetal growth, as determined by size at birth, is associated with an increased risk of age-related cataract. METHODS. A total of 741 men and women born in Sheffield,...
Dummies and the Health of Hertfordshire Infants, 1911-1930 (1995)
GALE, CATHARINE R., MARTYN, CHRISTOPHER N.
SUMMARY Many medical and child-care experts in the early years of this century viewed the dummy as a serious hazard to the health and development of babies. With the growth of the infant welfare...
Risk of macular degeneration in users of statins: cross sectional study
Hall, Nigel F, Gale, Catharine R, Syddall, Holly, Phillips, David I W, Martyn, Christopher N
Risk of macular degeneration in users of statins: cross sectional study
Hall, Nigel F, Gale, Catharine R, Syddall, Holly, Phillips, David I W, Martyn, Christopher N
IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood: 1970 British cohort study
Gale, Catharine R, Deary, Ian J, Schoon, Ingrid, Batty, G David, Batty, G David
Objective To examine the relation between IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood.
Batty, G. David, Gale, Catharine R., Tynelius, Per, Deary, Ian J., Rasmussen, Finn
The authors evaluated the little-examined association between intelligence (IQ) and injury mortality and, for the first known time, explored the extent to which IQ might explain established...
Intelligence and persisting with medication for two years: Analysis in a randomised controlled trial
Deary, Ian J., Gale, Catharine R., Stewart, Marlene C.W., Fowkes, F. Gerald R., Murray, Gordon D., Batty, G. David, ...
The study examined whether verbal intelligence is associated with persisting to take medication for up to two years. The design is a prospective follow-up of compliance with taking medication in...