Chang Liu

Decomposition of Almost Poisson Structure of Non-Self-Adjoint Dynamical Systems (2008)

Guo, Yongxin, Liu, Chang, Liu, Shixing, Chang, Peng

Non-self-adjoint dynamical systems, e.g., nonholonomic systems, can admit an almost Poisson structure, which is formulated by a kind of Poisson bracket satisfying the usual properties except for the...

Reconstruction of Cosmic and Beam-Halo Muons with the CMS Detector (2008)

Neumeister, Norbert, Liu, Chang

The powerful muon and tracker systems of the CMS detector together with dedicated reconstruction software allow precise and efficient measurement of muon tracks originating from proton-proton...

Collapsing SNP Genotypes in Case-Control Genome-Wide Association Studies Increases the Type I Error Rate and Power (2008)

Matthews, Abigail G, Haynes, Chad, Liu, Chang, Ott, Jurg

Genome-wide association studies are now widely used tools to identify genes and/or regions which may contribute to the development of various diseases. With case-control data a 2x3 contingency table...

Collapsing SNP Genotypes in Case-Control Genome-Wide Association Studies Increases the Type I Error Rate and Power (2008)

Matthews, Abigail G, Haynes, Chad, Liu, Chang, Ott, Jurg

Genome-wide association studies are now widely used tools to identify genes and/or regions which may contribute to the development of various diseases. With case-control data a 2x3 contingency table...

Collapsing SNP Genotypes in Case-Control Genome-Wide Association Studies Increases the Type I Error Rate and Power (2008)

Matthews, Abigail G, Haynes, Chad, Liu, Chang, Ott, Jurg

Genome-wide association studies are now widely used tools to identify genes and/or regions which may contribute to the development of various diseases. With case-control data a 2x3 contingency table...

Collapsing SNP Genotypes in Case-Control Genome-Wide Association Studies Increases the Type I Error Rate and Power (2008)

Matthews, Abigail G, Haynes, Chad, Liu, Chang, Ott, Jurg

Genome-wide association studies are now widely used tools to identify genes and/or regions which may contribute to the development of various diseases. With case-control data a 2x3 contingency table...

Momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in NdFeAsO1-xFx single crystals measured by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (2008)

Kondo, Takeshi, Santander-Syro, A. F., Copie, O., Liu, Chang, Tillman, M. E., Mun, E. D., ...

We use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in NdFeAsO1-xFx single crystals. We find that the Gamma hole pocket is fully...

Silicon micromachined sensors and actuators for fluid mechanics applications (2008)

Liu, Chang

The major contributions of this thesis are the developments of silicon micromachined flow shear-stress sensors and magnetic actuators, together with original studies on two fundamental issues of...

The Spatial Distribution of Hard X-Ray Spectral Index and Local Magnetic Reconnection Rate (2007)

Liu, Chang, Lee, Jeongwoo, Jing, Ju, Gary, Dale E., Wang, Haimin

The rare phenomenon of ribbon-like hard X-ray (HXR) sources up to 100 keV found in the 2005 May 13 M8.0 flare observed with the \textit{Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager} provides...

Flow Field Evolution of a Decaying Sunspot (2007)

Deng, Na, Choudhary, Debi Prasad, Tritschler, Alexandra, Denker, Carsten, Liu, Chang, Wang, Haimin

We study the evolution of the flows and horizontal proper motions in and around a decaying follower sunspot based on time sequences of two-dimensional spectroscopic observations in the visible and...

The Eruption from a Sigmoidal Solar Active Region on 2005 May 13 (2007)

Liu, Chang, Lee, Jeongwoo, Yurchyshyn, Vasyl, Deng, Na, Cho, Kyung-Suk, Karlicky, Marian, ...

This paper presents a multiwavelength study of the M8.0 flare and its associated fast halo CME that originated from a bipolar active region NOAA 10759 on 2005 May 13. The source active region has a...

Semantic Role Labeling of NomBank via Learning Predictive Structures (2007)

Liu, Chang, Ng, Hwee Tou

In this report, we present a novel application of Alternating Structure Optimization (ASO) to the task of Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) of noun predicates in NomBank. ASO is a recently proposed linear...

The Ribbon-Like Hard X-Ray Emission in a Sigmoidal Solar Active Region (2007)

Liu, Chang, Lee, Jeongwoo, Gary, Dale E., Wang, Haimin

Solar flare emissions at Halpha and EUV/UV wavelengths often appear in the form of two ribbons, which has been regarded as evidence for a typical configuration of solar magnetic reconnection....

Solving Open Constraint Optimization Problem Using Two-Level Multi-agent Negotiation Framework (2005)

Liu, Chang

When the Constraint Optimization Problem (COP) is exposed to an open world, the constraints and variable domains can change dynamically over time and agents' opinions have to be collected from a...

The spectroscopic and structural characterization of chlorine modification of MoOx catalysts supported over silica/titania mixed oxides for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane (2004)

Liu, Chang

In this study, the use of molybdenum catalysts supported over silica-titania mixed-oxides has been investigated in regard to their activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane and...

Development of Parallel Dip Pen Nanolithography Probe Arrays for High Throughput Nanolithography (2003)

Bullen, David A., Wang, Xuefeng, Zou, Jun, Chung, Sung-Wook, Liu, Chang

Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) is a lithographic technique that allows direct deposition of chemicals, metals, biological macromolecules, and other molecular 'inks' with nanometer dimensions and...

Some New Disk Scheduling Policies and Their Performance Alexander Thomasian (2002)

Alexander Thomasian, Chang Liu

INTRODUCTION Advances inm agnetic recording technology have resulted in a rapid increase in disk capacities, butimT0 vem1 ts in the mh hanical characteristics of disks have been quitem odest. For...

Rational interpolation for performance analysis (2000)

Liu, Chang

The rational interpolation (RI) method has been developed to become an efficient tool for performance analysis. In this dissertation, through a number of applications drawn from real-time reliability...

Design Quality of Websites for Electronic Commerce: Fortune 1000 Webmasters' Evaluation (2000)

Chang Liu, Kirk P. Arnett, Chuck Litecky

This article presents a study of Fortune 1000 webmasters' perceptions of thirty-five variables that support quality in the design of consumer-oriented web sites used for electronic commerce. The...

Towards Discovery, Specification, and Verification of Component Usage (1999)

Chang Liu, Debra J. Richardson

Additional problems of software testing arise when applications under test are developed in the component-based approach. Component misuse is one of them. The component misuse problem occurs when a...

TestTalk: A Comprehensive Testing Language (1999)

Chang Liu, Dissertation Advisor, Debra J. Richardson

Software tests are intellectual assets that are as valuable as source code. Over the long term, maintainable software tests significantly lower a project's cost. It is very difficult, however, to...

TestTalk: A Comprehensive Testing Language (1999)

Chang Liu, Dissertation Advisor, Debra J. Richardson

Software tests are intellectual assets that are as valuable as source code. Over the long term, maintainable software tests significantly lower a project's cost. It is very difficult, however, to...

Towards Discovery, Specification, and Verification of Component Usage (1999)

Chang Liu, Debra J. Richardson

Additional problems of software testing arise when applications-under-test are developed in the component-based approach. Component misuse is one of them. The component misuse problem occurs when a...

Programming Languages Considered Harmful in Writing Automated Software Tests (1999)

Chang Liu, Debra J. Richardson

Although programming languages are widely used for writing automated software test code, we argue that this is a harmful practice for software quality assurance. Programming languages are designed to...

TestTalk Language Reference (Version 0.1) (1999)

Chang Liu, Debra J. Richardson, Liu Richardson

This technical report explains the TestTalk language. TestTalk is a software test description language [1]. It is designed to describe software test cases and test oracles. The goal is to make...

TestTalk, A Test Description Language: Write Once, Test by Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere, with Anything (1999)

Chang Liu, Debra J. Richardson

Software tests are intellectual assets, too, and are as valuable as source code to a software project. Over the long term, maintainable software tests significantly lower a project's cost. It is very...

Leading-edge Vortices Control on a Delta Wing by Micromachined Sensors and Actuators (1999)

Gwo-bin Lee, Yu-chong Tai, Fukang Jiang, Charles Grosjean, Chang Liu

Instead of using conventional flaps to generate torques, we explore the feasibility of applying micromachined sensors and actuators to control leading-edge vortices, and consequently, provide...

Sealing of micromachined cavities using chemical vapor deposition methods: characterization and optimization (1999)

Liu, Chang, Tai, Yu-Chong

This paper presents results of a systematic investigation to characterize the sealing of micromachined cavities using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. We have designed and fabricated a large...

A micromachined flow shear-stress sensor based on thermal transfer principles (1999)

Liu, Chang, Huang, Jin-Biao, Zhu, Zhenjun (Alex), Jiang, Fukang, Tung, Steve, Tai, Yu-Chong, ...

Microhot-film shear-stress sensors have been developed by using surface micromachining techniques. The sensor consists of a suspended silicon-nitride diaphragm located on top of a vacuum-sealed...

Scaling Laws of Microactuators and Potential Applications of Electroactive Polymers in MEMS (1999)

Chang Liu, Y. Bar-cohen

Besides the scale factor that distinguishes the various spices fundamentally biological muscles changes little between species indicating a highly optimized system, Electroactive polymer actuators...

A High-Yield Drying Process For Surface-Micromachined Structures Using Magnetostatic Forces (1998)

Thomas Tsao, Yu-chong Tai, Chang Liu

This paper presents the latest results on the development of a novel drying technique in which surface microstructures are lifted away from the substrate plane during the liquid-removal process to...

A Micromachined Flow Shear Stress Sensor based on Thermal Transfer Principles (1998)

Chang Liu, Jin-biao Huang, Alex Z. Zhu, Fukang Jiang, Yu-chong Tai, Chih-ming Ho

Micro hot-#lm shear-stress sensors have been developed by using surface micromachining techniques. The sensor consists of a suspended silicon-nitride diaphragm located on top of a vacuum-sealed...

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Tools for an Integrated Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication Microsystem (1998)

Liu, Chang

The central objective of this three-year composite CAD project titled CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication Microsystem' is to develop efficient and accurate...

Efficient Computational Prototyping of Mixed Technology Microfluidic Components and Systems (1998)

Aluru, Narayan R., White, Jacob, Kamiadakis, George E., Mayaram, Kartikeya, Liu, Chang

Fast and efficient Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools for microfluidic components and systems were developed in this effort. Innovative numerical methods and algorithms for mixed-technology simulation...

Parallel, Ultrafast Sub-100 Nanometer Dip-Pen Nanolithography (1998)

Mirkin, Chad A., Liu, Chang

We have developed new designs and fabrication techniques for arrayed (one dimensional and two dimensional) DPN probes in two categories, passive probes and active probes. We have successfully...

A Proposal to Acquire a Micro Thermal Imaging Microscope (1998)

Liu, Chang

We purchased an InfraScope II thermal imaging microscope from Quantum Focus Instruments Corporation. The machine was purchased within a month after receiving the DURIP funds, and was installed in the...

Development of Artificial Haircell Sensors (1998)

Liu, Chang

Biological haircells are highly sensitive and yet robust mechanoreceptors that can respond to an extremely wide variety of physical, fluidical, and chemical stimulus. The variety of animals that use...

Software Components with Retrospectors (1998)

Chang Liu, Debra Richardson

Using COTS components in the software development process introduces new problems to software testing. In particular, a consumer (user) of a COTS component typically does not have source code access...

Improved micro thermal shear-stress sensor (1996)

Huang, Jin-Biao, Tung, Steve, Ho, Chih-Ming, Liu, Chang, Tai, Yu-Chong

Micro hot-film shear-stress sensors have been designed and fabricated by surface micromachining technology which is compatible with IC technology. A polysilicon strip, 2 μm×80 μm, is deposited on...

Silicon micromachined sensors and actuators for fluid mechanics applications (1995)

Liu, Chang

The major contributions of this thesis are the developments of silicon micromachined flow shear-stress sensors and magnetic actuators, together with original studies on two fundamental issues of...

La télévision chinoise d'hier à demain [microform] : nouvelle approche empirique des programmes et de l'audience / (1992)

Liu, Chang.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris, 1992.

The spectroscopic and structural characterization of chlorine modification of MoOx catalysts supported over silica/titania mixed oxides for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane

Liu, Chang

In this study, the use of molybdenum catalysts supported over silica-titania mixed-oxides has been investigated in regard to their activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane and...

A Random Survey of the Cryptosporidium parvum Genome

Liu, Chang, Vigdorovich, Vladimir, Kapur, Vivek, Abrahamsen, Mitchell S.

Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for widespread infections in humans and animals. The inability to obtain purified samples of this organism’s various...

Genetic complementation in apicomplexan parasites

Striepen, Boris, White, Michael W., Li, Catherine, Guerini, Michael N., Malik, S.-Banoo, Logsdon, John M., ...

A robust forward genetic model for Apicomplexa could greatly enhance functional analysis of genes in these important protozoan pathogens. We have developed and successfully tested a genetic...

The Cryptosporidium Oocyst Wall Protein Is a Member of a Multigene Family and Has a Homolog in Toxoplasma

Templeton, Thomas J., Lancto, Cheryl A., Vigdorovich, Vladimir, Liu, Chang, London, Nicole R., Hadsall, Kelly Z., ...

Coccidian parasites are transmitted via a fecal oocyst stage that is exceptionally resistant to environmental stress and harsh chemical treatments, which allows parasites to stably persist outside a...

A modular microfluidic architecture for integrated biochemical analysis

Shaikh, Kashan A., Ryu, Kee Suk, Goluch, Edgar D., Nam, Jwa-Min, Liu, Juewen, Thaxton, C. Shad, ...

Microfluidic laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC) systems based on a modular architecture are presented. The architecture is conceptualized on two levels: a single-chip level and a multiple-chip module (MCM)...

A Random Survey of the Cryptosporidium parvum Genome

Liu, Chang, Vigdorovich, Vladimir, Kapur, Vivek, Abrahamsen, Mitchell S.

Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for widespread infections in humans and animals. The inability to obtain purified samples of this organism’s various...

Genetic complementation in apicomplexan parasites

Striepen, Boris, White, Michael W., Li, Catherine, Guerini, Michael N., Malik, S.-Banoo, Logsdon, John M., ...

A robust forward genetic model for Apicomplexa could greatly enhance functional analysis of genes in these important protozoan pathogens. We have developed and successfully tested a genetic...

The Cryptosporidium Oocyst Wall Protein Is a Member of a Multigene Family and Has a Homolog in Toxoplasma

Templeton, Thomas J., Lancto, Cheryl A., Vigdorovich, Vladimir, Liu, Chang, London, Nicole R., Hadsall, Kelly Z., ...

Coccidian parasites are transmitted via a fecal oocyst stage that is exceptionally resistant to environmental stress and harsh chemical treatments, which allows parasites to stably persist outside a...

A modular microfluidic architecture for integrated biochemical analysis

Shaikh, Kashan A., Ryu, Kee Suk, Goluch, Edgar D., Nam, Jwa-Min, Liu, Juewen, Thaxton, C. Shad, ...

Microfluidic laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC) systems based on a modular architecture are presented. The architecture is conceptualized on two levels: a single-chip level and a multiple-chip module (MCM)...

GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS Modulates the Regulation by Gibberellins of Epidermal Differentiation and Shoot Maturation in Arabidopsis[W]

Gan, Yinbo, Kumimoto, Rod, Liu, Chang, Ratcliffe, Oliver, Yu, Hao, Broun, Pierre

As a plant shoot matures, it transitions through a series of growth phases in which successive aerial organs undergo distinct developmental changes. This process of phase change is known to be...

Distant touch hydrodynamic imaging with an artificial lateral line

Yang, Yingchen, Chen, Jack, Engel, Jonathan, Pandya, Saunvit, Chen, Nannan, Tucker, Craig, ...

Nearly all underwater vehicles and surface ships today use sonar and vision for imaging and navigation. However, sonar and vision systems face various limitations, e.g., sonar blind zones, dark or...

The Png1–Rad23 complex regulates glycoprotein turnover

Kim, Ikjin, Ahn, Jungmi, Liu, Chang, Tanabe, Kaori, Apodaca, Jennifer, Suzuki, Tadashi, ...

Misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are destroyed by a pathway termed ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Glycans are often removed from glycosylated ERAD substrates in the...

An Examination of Privacy Policies in Fortune 500 Web Sites

Chang Liu, Kirk P. Arnett

Although personal information privacy concerns have been around for years, the introduction of E-commerce and its associated technologies presents privacy concerns anew. The Fortune 500 represents...

A Single-Amino-Acid Substitution in the NS1 Protein Changes the Pathogenicity of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mice▿

Jiao, Peirong, Tian, Guobin, Li, Yanbing, Deng, Guohua, Jiang, Yongping, Liu, Chang, ...

In this study, we explored the molecular basis determining the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mammalian hosts by comparing two viruses, A/Duck/Guangxi/12/03 (DK/12) and...

Factors Influencing FDI Location Choice in China's Inland Areas

Laijun Luo, Louis Brennan, Chang Liu, Yuze Luo

Since 1978, the bulk of foreign direct investment (FDI) has gone to the south-eastern coastal areas in China, with only a small portion received inland. With the launch of the Western Development...

High-Resolution Functional Profiling of Hepatitis C Virus Genome

Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja, Remenyi, Roland, Kanagavel, Vidhya, Sue, Eric Yiang, Ngoc Ho, Tuyet, Liu, Chang, ...

Hepatitis C virus is a leading cause of human liver disease worldwide. Recent discovery of the JFH-1 isolate, capable of infecting cell culture, opens new avenues for studying HCV replication. We...