Retrospective Testing of an Automated Building Commissioning Analysis Tool (ABCAT) (2009)
More than $18 billion of energy is wasted annually in the U.S. commercial building sector. Commissioning services have proven successful in reducing building energy consumption, but the optimal...
Lessons Learned from Continuous Commissioning of a LEED Gold Building in Texas (2008)
The subject building is a relatively new building with 120,000 square feet located in Texas and was the first LEED® Gold building in the area. To earn the title of a green building, the designers of...
The Robert E. Johnson State Office building is a 5-story, 303,389 square foot office building built in 2000 located in downtown Austin, TX. The original building design included a number of energy...
Commissioning Lessons from Study of the Advanced Systems at the CMU Intelligent Workplace (2008)
A detailed study has been conducted of the performance of several innovative aspects of the Intelligent Workplace (IW) at Carnegie Mellon University, a low energy consumption building that uses...
A study has been initiated to provide follow-up analysis on the persistence of savings achieved from the retrocommissioning of ten buildings on a university campus. The buildings were originally...
A study has been initiated to provide follow-up analysis on the persistence of savings achieved from the retrocommissioning of ten buildings on a university campus. The buildings were originally...
Baltazar, J. C., Eggebrecht, J., Claridge, D. E.
The recommended ECMs included in the subject report have been evaluated and the analysis was generally found to be good and reasonable. The savings for ECM #6 may be very conservative as noted in the...
Infiltration Investigation of a Radiantly Heated or Cooled Office (2007)
Gong, X., Claridge, D. E., Archer, D. H.
Air infiltration has a significant impact on the heating and cooling loads of small office and residential buildings. In a radiantly heated and cooled office, air infiltration normally determines...
Methodology for the Determination of Potential Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings (2007)
Baltazar, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
This paper describes a methodology to determine potential energy savings of buildings with limited information. This methodology is based upon the simplified energy analysis procedure of heating,...
Development of a Heat Transfer Model for the Integrated Facade Heating (2007)
Archer, D. H., Claridge, D. E., Gong, X.
Façade heating is a special application of radiant heating and cooling technology and is used to enhance the indoor comfort level of offices, hotels and museums. Mullion radiators are typically used...
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Sakurai, Y., Masuda, H., Feinauer, D., Liu, J., Ji, J., ...
As the energy costs have been increasing the more energy efficient measures have been promoted in the buildings sector, the reliability of energy consumption data has been attracting significant...
Infiltration Investigation of a Radiantly Heated or Cooled Office (2007)
Archer, D. H., Gong, X., Claridge, D. E.
Air infiltration has a significant impact on the heating and cooling loads of small office and residential buildings. In a radiantly heated and cooled office, air infiltration normally determines...
Methodology for the Determination of Potential Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings (2007)
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
This paper describes a methodology to determine potential energy savings of buildings with limited information. This methodology is based upon the simplified energy analysis procedure of heating,...
Development of a Heat Transfer Model for the Integrated Facade Heating (2007)
Gong, X., Archer, D. H., Claridge, D. E.
Façade heating is a special application of radiant heating and cooling technology and is used to enhance the indoor comfort level of offices, hotels and museums. Mullion radiators are typically used...
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Sakurai, Y., Masuda, H., Feinauer, D., Liu, J., Ji, J., ...
As the energy costs have been increasing the more energy efficient measures have been promoted in the buildings sector, the reliability of energy consumption data has been attracting significant...
Sustainability Assessment and Roadmap for a Green Campus Initiative (2006)
Clingenpeel, K., Verdict, M., Claridge, D. E.
Texas A&M International University and the Energy Systems Laboratory of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station have partnered to conduct a campus sustainability assessment and create a subsequent...
Shut Down Schedule Optimization with Outdoor Humidity Level (2006)
Chen, H., Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Clingenpeel, K.
Methodologies for Determining Persistence of Commissioning Benefits (2006)
Studies on the persistence of commissioning benefits to date have used a variety of methods to evaluate this persistence. This paper proposes a consistent framework for describing and evaluating the...
Review on Persistence of Commissioning Benefits in New and Existing Buildings (2006)
In recent years the topic of persistence of benefits has gained more interest both for existing building retrocommissioning and new building commissioning. This topic is relatively new, and the only...
Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Bruner, H. L., Williams, L., Riley, J. G.
The $35 million in measured savings for the ten-year, $7 million continuous commissioning (CC) program at the Texas A&M University (TAMU) makes the decision to continue easy. In today's energy...
Indoor Humidity Analysis of an Integrated Radiant Cooling and Desiccant Ventilation System (2006)
Radiant cooling is credited with improving energy efficiency and enhancing the comfort level as an alternative method of space cooling in mild and dry climates, according to recent research. Since...
Shut Down Schedule Optimization with Outdoor Humidity Level (2006)
Chen, H., Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Clingenpeel, K.
Methodologies for Determining Persistence of Commissioning Benefits (2006)
Studies on the persistence of commissioning benefits to date have used a variety of methods to evaluate this persistence. This paper proposes a consistent framework for describing and evaluating the...
Review on Persistence of Commissioning Benefits in New and Existing Buildings (2006)
In recent years the topic of persistence of benefits has gained more interest both for existing building retrocommissioning and new building commissioning. This topic is relatively new, and the only...
Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Bruner, H. L., Williams, L., Riley, J. G.
The $35 million in measured savings for the ten-year, $7 million continuous commissioning (CC) program at the Texas A&M University (TAMU) makes the decision to continue easy. In today's energy...
Indoor Humidity Analysis of an Integrated Radiant Cooling and Desiccant Ventilation System (2006)
Radiant cooling is credited with improving energy efficiency and enhancing the comfort level as an alternative method of space cooling in mild and dry climates, according to recent research. Since...
Measuring Energy-Saving Retrofits: Experiences from the LoanSTAR Program (2005)
Haberl, J. S., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., O’Neal, D. L., Heffington, W. M.
This report includes a discussion of the program structure, basic measurement techniques, data archiving and handling, data reporting and analysis, and includes selected examples from LoanSTAR...
Measuring Energy-Saving Retrofits: Experiences from the LoanSTAR Program (2005)
Claridge, D. E., Heffington, W. M., O'Neal, D. L., Turner, W. D., Haberl, J. S., Reddy, T. A.
This report includes a discussion of the program structure, basic measurement techniques, data archiving and handling, data reporting and analysis, and includes selected examples from LoanSTAR...
Zhou, J., Deng, S., Wei, G., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Contreras, O.
The existence of a 1.4-million-gallon chilled water thermal storage tank greatly increases the operational flexibility of a campus-wide chilled water system under a four-price time-of-use electricity...
Zhou, J., Deng, S., Wei, G., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Contreras, O.
The existence of a 1.4-million-gallon chilled water thermal storage tank greatly increases the operational flexibility of a campus-wide chilled water system under a four-price time-of-use electricity...
Claridge, D. E., Liu, M., Painter, F., Wang, G.
Prepared for the National Association of State Energy Officials
Continuous Commissioning® of an Office/Laboratory Building (2005)
Evans, C., Cordero, J., Atencio, M., Claridge, D. E., Martinez, J., Oberle, C., ...
Claridge, D. E., Liu, M., Painter, F., Wang, G.
Prepared for the National Association of State Energy Officials
Continuous Commissioning® of an Office/Laboratory Building (2005)
Evans, C., Cordero, J., Atencio, M., Claridge, D. E., Martinez, J., Oberle, C., ...
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Abushakra, B.
This paper provides an overview of methods reported in the literature for generating typical load shapes required for the simulation of energy use and peak cooling loads in commercial buildings. It...
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Abushakra, B.
This paper provides an overview of methods reported in the literature for generating typical load shapes required for the simulation of energy use and peak cooling loads in commercial buildings. It...
Giebler, T., Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
An energy efficiency survey of the Texas A&M International University (TAMIU) campus was conducted in August 1999 by the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL), a division of the Texas Engineering...
Continuous Commissioning® Report for Brenham State School (2004)
Zhou, J., Wei, G., Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
The Brenham State School is a facility operated by the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (MHMR), located in the city of Brenham, Texas. The complex consists of 30 buildings...
Remote Fault Detection of Building HVAC System Using a Global Optimization Program (2004)
The energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings often degrades with the passage of time. Significant engineering time is normally required to determine the cause(s) of the degradation. This paper...
Using Simulation Models for District Chilled Water Distribution Systems Design (2004)
Chen, Q., Xu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The capital investment for the distribution system is often the most expensive portion of a district heating and cooling system, which usually constitutes 50 to 70% of the total cost. Because of high...
Liu, C., Bruner, H. L., Deng, S., Brundidge, T., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
McKenzie Airport Terminal is located at Easterwood Airport, which is owned and operated by Texas A&M University. It was built in 1988. Most all HVAC equipment, which includes boiler, chiller, pumps,...
Remote Fault Detection of Building HVAC System Using a Global Optimization Program (2004)
The energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings often degrades with the passage of time. Significant engineering time is normally required to determine the cause(s) of the degradation. This paper...
Using Simulation Models for District Chilled Water Distribution Systems Design (2004)
Chen, Q., Xu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The capital investment for the distribution system is often the most expensive portion of a district heating and cooling system, which usually constitutes 50 to 70% of the total cost. Because of high...
Liu, C., Bruner, H. L., Deng, S., Brundidge, T., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
McKenzie Airport Terminal is located at Easterwood Airport, which is owned and operated by Texas A&M University. It was built in 1988. Most all HVAC equipment, which includes boiler, chiller, pumps,...
Using Simulation Models for Building Commissioning (2004)
The International Energy Agency ECBCS Annex 40 “Commissioning of Buildings and HVAC Systems for Improved Energy Performance” task investigating Use of Whole Building Simulation in Commissioning...
Continuous Commissioning(SM) for Riverside East Building and Central Plant (2003)
Wei, G., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Liu, M.
The project is part of the energy conservation incentive program from the utility company Exel Energy. Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) and ESL prepared the rebate application to Xcel in 2000....
Zhu, Y., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
During January 2002, personnel from the Energy Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University (ESL) began implementing Continuous Commissioning® (CC) measures in the Matheson Courthouse Building in Salt...
Extended Continuous Commissioning® Services to Terrell State Hospital, Final Report (2003)
Sakurai, Y., Wei, G., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
At the request of Terrell State Hospital (TSH), the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University provided extended services to TSH following the completion of Continuous Commissioning(SM)...
Baseline Report for the Fort Hood Army Base: Sept. 1, 2002 - Aug. 31, 2003 (2003)
Haberl, J. S., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Liu, Z., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The baselines developed for this report include data measured during the period from September 2002 through August 2003 for the thermal plant, 87000 block buildings, and III Corp building and natural...
Improving Control of a Dual-Duct Single-Fan Variable Air Volume Systems (2003)
Wei, G., Martinez, J., Minihan, T., Brundidge, T., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
This paper discusses improved control strategies for dual-duct single-fan variable air volume (VAV) systems. Common control strategy for supply air volume modulation is evaluated, and an improved air...
Liu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Bruner, H.
The Langford “A” building houses the College of Architecture on TAMU campus. There are ten singleduct variable air volume (VAV) air-handling units (AHUs) without reheat serving the building. The...
Baseline Report for the Fort Hood Army Base: Sept. 1, 2002 - Aug. 31, 2003 (2003)
Haberl, J. S., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Liu, Z., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The baselines developed for this report include data measured during the period from September 2002 through August 2003 for the thermal plant, 87000 block buildings, and III Corp building and natural...
Improving Control of a Dual-Duct Single-Fan Variable Air Volume Systems (2003)
Wei, G., Martinez, J., Minihan, T., Brundidge, T., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
This paper discusses improved control strategies for dual-duct single-fan variable air volume (VAV) systems. Common control strategy for supply air volume modulation is evaluated, and an improved air...
Liu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Bruner, H.
The Langford “A” building houses the College of Architecture on TAMU campus. There are ten singleduct variable air volume (VAV) air-handling units (AHUs) without reheat serving the building. The...
Baseline Report for the Fort Hood Army Base: Sept. 1, 2001 To Aug. 31, 2002 (2002)
Haberl, J. S., Baltazar, J. C., Sung, Y. H., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
This report presents electricity, natural gas and cooling baselines for the thermal plant, buildings located in the 87000 block, and the III Corp building at Ft. Hood. A baseline analysis is also...
Kissock, J. K., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
The report comes with an IMT CD-ROM. The IMT CD-ROM contains two folders: 'Detailed Test Results7 and 'IMT Software'. The results of extensive bounds and accuracy tests, including the data files and...
Kissock, J. K., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
The report comes with an IMT CD-ROM. The IMT CD-ROM contains two folders: 'Detailed Test Results7 and 'IMT Software'. The results of extensive bounds and accuracy tests, including the data files and...
Improving Boiler Efficiency Modeling Based on Ambient Air Temperature (2002)
Zhou, J., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D.
Optimum economic operation in a large power plant can cut operating costs substantially. Individual plant equipment should be operated under conditions that are most favorable for maximizing its...
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
This paper presents seventeen approaches that use cubic splines and Fourier series for restoring short term missing data in time series of building energy use and weather data. The study is based on...
Improving Boiler Efficiency Modeling Based on Ambient Air Temperature (2002)
Zhou, J., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D.
Optimum economic operation in a large power plant can cut operating costs substantially. Individual plant equipment should be operated under conditions that are most favorable for maximizing its...
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
This paper presents seventeen approaches that use cubic splines and Fourier series for restoring short term missing data in time series of building energy use and weather data. The study is based on...
Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Heffington, W. M., Bryant, J., ...
The Texas LoanSTAR program, which began in 1988, has produced over $119 million savings from energy conservation projects applied to state and local government buildings. One of the key features of...
Liu, M., Abbas, M., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
A new terminal box operation and control strategy, airflow reset, is developed to improve building comfort and energy efficiency during unoccupied and lightly occupied hours. The airflow reset lowers...
Chen, H., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The Kleberg Building on the Texas A&M University campus is a teaching/research facility consisting of classrooms, offices and laboratories, with a total floor area of approximately 165,030 ft2....
Results of CC Follow-Up in the G. Rollie White Building (2002)
Liu, C., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L.
An investigation into the increase of energy consumption of G. Rollie White Coliseum was part of the persistence project[1], which investigates the savings in energy consumption of ten buildings that...
Baltazar, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
The paper presents seventeen approaches that use cubic splines and Fourier series for restoring short term missing data in time series of building energy use and weather data. The study is based on...
Improving Boiler Efficiency Modeling Based On Ambient Air Temperature (2002)
Zhou, J., Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
Optimum economic operation in a large power plant can cut operating costs substantially. Individual plant equipment should be operated under conditions that are most favorable for maximizing its...
Correcting Thermal Distribution Problems for a Large University Campus (2002)
Chen, H., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Texas A&M University main campus in College Station consists of 114 buildings served by two central plants. The two main campus loops are more than 50 years old with a total piping length for each...
The Temperature and Relative Humidity Control in Cushing Library (2002)
Liu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Cushing Library located on TAMU campus is a special building, which needs precise temperature and relative humidity control, because it stores a number of rare collections and memorial books. There...
Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Heffington, W. M., Bryant, J., ...
The Texas LoanSTAR program, which began in 1988, has produced over $119 million savings from energy conservation projects applied to state and local government buildings. One of the key features of...
Liu, M., Abbas, M., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
A new terminal box operation and control strategy, airflow reset, is developed to improve building comfort and energy efficiency during unoccupied and lightly occupied hours. The airflow reset lowers...
Chen, H., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The Kleberg Building on the Texas A&M University campus is a teaching/research facility consisting of classrooms, offices and laboratories, with a total floor area of approximately 165,030 ft2....
Results of CC Follow-Up in the G. Rollie White Building (2002)
Liu, C., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L.
An investigation into the increase of energy consumption of G. Rollie White Coliseum was part of the persistence project[1], which investigates the savings in energy consumption of ten buildings that...
Baltazar, J. C., Claridge, D. E.
The paper presents seventeen approaches that use cubic splines and Fourier series for restoring short term missing data in time series of building energy use and weather data. The study is based on...
Improving Boiler Efficiency Modeling Based On Ambient Air Temperature (2002)
Zhou, J., Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
Optimum economic operation in a large power plant can cut operating costs substantially. Individual plant equipment should be operated under conditions that are most favorable for maximizing its...
Correcting Thermal Distribution Problems for a Large University Campus (2002)
Chen, H., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Texas A&M University main campus in College Station consists of 114 buildings served by two central plants. The two main campus loops are more than 50 years old with a total piping length for each...
The Temperature and Relative Humidity Control in Cushing Library (2002)
Liu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Cushing Library located on TAMU campus is a special building, which needs precise temperature and relative humidity control, because it stores a number of rare collections and memorial books. There...
Measured Energy Use Indices for 27 Office Buildings (2001)
Haberl, J. S., Sreshthaputra, A., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Harmon, K., Kisselburgh, J., ...
Energy use indices for 27 government office buildings are presented that have been assembled from hourly monitored data as part of the Texas LoanSTAR program and other efforts at the Energy Systems...
Measured Energy Use Indices for 27 Office Buildings (2001)
Haberl, J. S., Sreshthaputra, A., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Harmon, K., Kisselburgh, J., ...
Energy use indices for 27 government office buildings are presented that have been assembled from hourly monitored data as part of the Texas LoanSTAR program and other efforts at the Energy Systems...
Abushakra, B., Sreshthaputra, A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
In this report a day-typing method that uses a percentile analysis is described. In the percentile analysis the 50th percentile was used to calculate the diversity factors and the typical hourly load...
Sreshthaputra, A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
This is the detailed test report for the ASHRAE 1050-RP project. This report presents the detailed results of the testing of IMT (Inverse Modeling Toolkit). Two kinds of testing were performed,...
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E., Farouz, S.
This report presents the modeling and the energy and dollar savings for the period of June 1998 through July 2000 for 10 Northside facilities that have been retrofit. The savings for this period,...
Zhu, Y., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Claridge, D. E., Farouz, S.
This report presents the modeling and the energy and dollar savings for the period of October 1997 through September 1998 for 8 Comal ISD facilities that have been retrofit. The savings for this...
Energy Savings Report For Dallas County, July 2000 – June 2001 (2001)
Claridge, D. E., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Zhu, Y.
This report begins with a complete summary of the energy, demand and cost savings for each of the 12 sites being analyzed. This summary is followed by a two-page report for each site. The report...
Continuous Commissioning(SM) of Texas Tech University, Final Report (2001)
Wei, G., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The six buildings commissioned are Biology, Business Administration, Science, Law, Chemistry North, and Chemistry South, with a total conditioned floor area of 800,000 ft2. The ESL commissioning team...
Retrofit Savings for Brazos County (2001)
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Shao, X., Claridge, D. E.
This report presents the energy and dollar savings for the period May 2000 - April 2001 for 10 of the Brazos County facilities that have been retrofit. The electricity use saved was 555,170 kWh and...
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
There is a total of 409,000 sq. ft. of conditioned area on the campus. The campus is a new facility, only just four years old. The cost of the electricity for the year 1998 was $1.17/sq. ft. for the...
Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Bruner, H., Chen, H., Wei, G.
As it has been proved repeatedly that commissioning is very necessary for new construction and renovation/retrofit projects, we found continuous commissioningSM (CC) is an effective and efficient way...
Measured Energy Use Indices for 27 Office Buildings (2001)
Haberl, J. S., Sreshthaputra, A., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Harmon, K., Kisselburgh, J., ...
Energy use indices for 27 government office buildings are presented that have been assembled from hourly monitored data as part of the Texas LoanSTAR program and other efforts at the Energy Systems...
Farouz, S., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
The monitoring and verification procedures that have been developed for the Texas LoanSTAR program and the ESL's Rebuild America Program have become a foundation for a number of other state and...
Development of Load Forecasting Procedures for the Texas A&M University System (2001)
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Lim, C., Haberl, J. S., Turnder, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
This paper reports on the effort to develop load-forecasting procedures for the Texas A&M University System (TAMUS). Such procedures are being investigated to determine if the TAMUS can benefit from...
Accounting for the Occupancy Variable in Inverse Building Energy Baselining Models (2001)
The occupancy factor is often underestimated in inverse modeling of building energy use, or accounted for by grouping the daily data in occupied and unoccupied groups which are modeled separately....
Haberl, J. S., Reeves, G., Gillespie, K., Claridge, D. E., Cowan, J., Culp, C., ...
ASHRAE has recently completed the development of Guideline 14 to fill a need for a standard set of energy (and demand) savings calculation procedures. Guideline 14 is intended to be a guideline that...
Abushakra, B., Sreshthaputra, A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
In this report a day-typing method that uses a percentile analysis is described. In the percentile analysis the 50th percentile was used to calculate the diversity factors and the typical hourly load...
Sreshthaputra, A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
This is the detailed test report for the ASHRAE 1050-RP project. This report presents the detailed results of the testing of IMT (Inverse Modeling Toolkit). Two kinds of testing were performed,...
Energy Savings Report For Dallas County, July 2000 – June 2001 (2001)
Claridge, D. E., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Zhu, Y.
This report begins with a complete summary of the energy, demand and cost savings for each of the 12 sites being analyzed. This summary is followed by a two-page report for each site. The report...
Retrofit Savings for Brazos County (2001)
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Shao, X., Claridge, D. E.
This report presents the energy and dollar savings for the period May 2000 - April 2001 for 10 of the Brazos County facilities that have been retrofit. The electricity use saved was 555,170 kWh and...
Deng, S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Bruner, H., Chen, H., Wei, G.
As it has been proved repeatedly that commissioning is very necessary for new construction and renovation/retrofit projects, we found continuous commissioningSM (CC) is an effective and efficient way...
Measured Energy Use Indices for 27 Office Buildings (2001)
Haberl, J. S., Sreshthaputra, A., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Harmon, K., Kisselburgh, J., ...
Energy use indices for 27 government office buildings are presented that have been assembled from hourly monitored data as part of the Texas LoanSTAR program and other efforts at the Energy Systems...
Farouz, S., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
The monitoring and verification procedures that have been developed for the Texas LoanSTAR program and the ESL's Rebuild America Program have become a foundation for a number of other state and...
Development of Load Forecasting Procedures for the Texas A&M University System (2001)
Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Lim, C., Haberl, J. S., Turnder, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
This paper reports on the effort to develop load-forecasting procedures for the Texas A&M University System (TAMUS). Such procedures are being investigated to determine if the TAMUS can benefit from...
Accounting for the Occupancy Variable in Inverse Building Energy Baselining Models (2001)
The occupancy factor is often underestimated in inverse modeling of building energy use, or accounted for by grouping the daily data in occupied and unoccupied groups which are modeled separately....
Haberl, J. S., Reeves, G., Gillespie, K., Claridge, D. E., Cowan, J., Culp, C., ...
ASHRAE has recently completed the development of Guideline 14 to fill a need for a standard set of energy (and demand) savings calculation procedures. Guideline 14 is intended to be a guideline that...
An Exploratory Initiative for Improving Low-Cost Housing in Texas (2000)
McKittrick, T. L., Haberl, J. S., Graham, C. W., Claridge, D. E., Swain, W. B.
In 1996 the Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University released a report indicating that the population of Texas would double in the next 30 years and that a majority of the 18 million new Texans...
Program Overview: The Texas LoanSTAR Program; 1989-October 1999, A 10-Year Experience (2000)
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Haberl, J. S., Heffington, W. M.
The Texas LoanSTAR (Loans to Save Taxes and Resources) program was conceived as a $98.6 million capital retrofit program for building energy efficiency. The funding source is petroleum violation...
Sreshthaputra, A., Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
A total of 44 "pure" Office buildings in the database at the Energy Systems Laboratory, was identified. Other office buildings comprising classrooms and laboratories - typical case of educational...
Investigation of PVC Pipe Failure at Terrell State Hospital – Final Report (2000)
Wei, G., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The failed PVC pipe was sent to Materials Performance Inc for testing. Short and long-term mechanical properties were compared for a section from the failed pipe and a new PVC pipe. Results on both...
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Sreshthaputra, A.
During this phase of the project, we finalized the daytyping method to be followed, and started processing the data sets previously approved by the PMSC. So far, we processed a total of 23 buildings...
Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Wei, G.
At the request of the Department of Facilities Operations at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC), engineers from the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University...
Extended Continuous Commissioning(SM) Services to Terrell State Hospital – Final Report (2000)
Wei, G., Sakurai, Y., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
During the first year of the follow-up service, communication was set up to allow the ESL personnel to remotely take control over one of the control system workstations to monitor the operation at...
An Exploratory Initiative for Improving Low-Cost Housing in Texas (2000)
McKittrick, T. L., Haberl, J. S., Graham, C. W., Claridge, D. E., Swain, W. B.
In 1996 the Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University released a report indicating that the population of Texas would double in the next 30 years and that a majority of the 18 million new Texans...
Program Overview: The Texas LoanSTAR Program; 1989-October 1999, A 10-Year Experience (2000)
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Haberl, J. S., Heffington, W. M.
The Texas LoanSTAR (Loans to Save Taxes and Resources) program was conceived as a $98.6 million capital retrofit program for building energy efficiency. The funding source is petroleum violation...
Sreshthaputra, A., Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
A total of 44 "pure" Office buildings in the database at the Energy Systems Laboratory, was identified. Other office buildings comprising classrooms and laboratories - typical case of educational...
Investigation of PVC Pipe Failure at Terrell State Hospital – Final Report (2000)
Wei, G., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The failed PVC pipe was sent to Materials Performance Inc for testing. Short and long-term mechanical properties were compared for a section from the failed pipe and a new PVC pipe. Results on both...
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Sreshthaputra, A.
During this phase of the project, we finalized the daytyping method to be followed, and started processing the data sets previously approved by the PMSC. So far, we processed a total of 23 buildings...
Integrated Commissioning for a Large Medical Facility (2000)
Zhu, Y., Batten, T., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Giebler, T., Liu, M., ...
The energy costs of heating, ventilating and air conditioning usually represents a large portion of the utility bills for a medical facility. One large, modem medical center located in the hot and...
Optimization Measures for Sporting and Special Event Facilities: Design and Operation (2000)
Giebler, T., Wei, G., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Liu, M.
Reducing unnecessary building energy costs is becoming more of a priority. Rising fuel prices and a global emphasis on energy efficiency are key contributing factors. This push towards energy...
Optimize the Supply Air Temperature Reset Schedule for a Single-Duct VAV System (2000)
Wei, G., Claridge, D. E., Liu, M.
The supply air temperature for a single-duct variable air volume (VAV) system is usually set as a constant. To minimize the simultaneous cooling and heating, this supply temperature is often reset...
A Simple and Quick Chilled Water Loop Balancing for Variable Flow System (2000)
Zhu, Y., Batten, T., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Liu, M.
For many modem buildings, the chilled water loops and risers are equipped with variable speed pumping systems. How to quickly balance the loop or riser to satisfy the cooling requirement and reduce...
Wei, G., Sakuri, Y., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Liu, M.
Thermal energy storage systems store the thermal energy produced by the chiller plant in periods of off-peak electrical demand or when cheaper electricity is available. The stored thermal energy is...
Improved Air Volume Control Logic for VAV Systems (2000)
Wei, G., Claridge, D. E., Sakuri, Y., M. Liu
In a VAV (variable air volume) system, the set point of the static pressure (usually measured at 213 downstream of the main supply air duct) is maintained by modulating the fan speed or inlet guide...
Yazdani, B., Haberl, J. S., Culp, C., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Myers, M.
The Rebuild America program is network of community-based partnerships that rebuilds communities by promoting the efficient use of energy. Rebuild America is coordinated at the national level by...
Program Overview: The Texas LoanSTAR Program; 1989-October 1999, A 10-Year Experience (2000)
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Haberl, J. S., Heffington, W. M., Taylor, D., ...
The Texas LoanSTAR (Loans to Save Taxes and Resources) program was conceived as a $98.6 million capital retrofit program for building energy efficiency. The funding source is petroleum violation...
Optimization Control Strategies for HVAC Terminal Boxes (2000)
Zhu, Y., Batten, T., Noboa, H., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Liu, M., ...
The HVAC terminal boxes are one of the major building HVAC components. They directly impact the building room comfort conditions and the energy costs. How to operate the box in a highly energy...
Procedures for Filling Short Gaps in Energy Use and Weather Data (2000)
Filling short gaps (a few hours) in hourly energy use and weather data can be useful for (i) retrofit savings analysis and calculation, and for (ii) diagnostic purposes. The paper evaluates four...
Development of a Water Loop Simulation at the Texas A&M University Main Campus (2000)
Xue, H., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Liu, M.
A computer simulation model is an economic and convenient tool to perform analysis of chilled water loop. The primary objective of this paper is developing procedure for simulating and optimizing...
Control Humidity With Single-Duct, Single-Zone, Constant Air Volume System (2000)
Chen, H., Deng, S., Bruner, H. L., Claridge, D. E.
The lecture hall of the Richardson Petroleum Building at Texas A&M University is a large lecture hall, with a total floor area of approximately 2500 ft^2. The lecture hall was served by a constant...
Lessons Learned From the Continuous Commissioning of a Multi-Functional Commercial Building (2000)
Liu, C., Deng, S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
A multi-functional institutional building often has ventilation and comfort requirements that vary widely from zone to zone. When we commissioned the Reed McDonald building on the main campus of...
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
In this report we describe the related literature for the ASHRAE 1093-RP project. To accomplish this we have divided the previous works into three categories: (1) existing literature on diversity...
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
In this report we describe the related literature for the ASHRAE 1093-RP project. To accomplish this we have divided the previous works into three categories: (1) existing literature on diversity...
Continuous Commissioning Report for Terrell State Hospital (1999)
Wei, G., Veteto, B., Liu, C., Sakurai, Y., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E., ...
The ESL commissioning team worked jointly with the operations and maintenance staff of Terrell State hospital. From March 1998 to December 1998, the team commissioned 13 buildings with over 80 air...
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
This is the second report of the ASHRAE 1093-RP project that reports on the progress during the scheduled Phase II effort. In this report, we present: (1) the data sets identified and acquired...
Zhu, Y., Bryant, J., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The director of Energy Management & Controls and staff at Tarleton State University (TSU) do a very good job of maintaining TSU and keeping expenses down. They have metering installed in many...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M International University at Laredo do a very good job of maintaining TAMIU facilities. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMUCC) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-CC and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMU-G) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-G facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were...
Zhu, Y., Bryant, J., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at West Texas A&M University (WTAMU) do a very good job of maintaining WTAMU facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Zhu, Y., Bryant, J., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University - Kingsville (TAMU-K) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-K facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director at Texas A&M University - Texarkana (TAMU-T) does a very good job of maintaining TAMU-T facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Wei, G., Campbell, C., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Our estimates of savings for the entire campus, through commissioning and minor control upgrades, are nearly $300,000 annually. If we concentrate on the 11 largest opportunities, representing nearly...
Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E., Giebler, T., Abushakra, B., Turner, W. D.
The physical plant director and staff at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) do a good job of maintaining PVAMU facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
This is the second report of the ASHRAE 1093-RP project that reports on the progress during the scheduled Phase II effort. In this report, we present: (1) the data sets identified and acquired...
Zhu, Y., Bryant, J., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The director of Energy Management & Controls and staff at Tarleton State University (TSU) do a very good job of maintaining TSU and keeping expenses down. They have metering installed in many...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M International University at Laredo do a very good job of maintaining TAMIU facilities. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMUCC) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-CC and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMU-G) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-G facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were...
Zhu, Y., Bryant, J., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at West Texas A&M University (WTAMU) do a very good job of maintaining WTAMU facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Zhu, Y., Bryant, J., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University - Kingsville (TAMU-K) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-K facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were...
Zhu, Y., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The physical plant director at Texas A&M University - Texarkana (TAMU-T) does a very good job of maintaining TAMU-T facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Wei, G., Campbell, C., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Our estimates of savings for the entire campus, through commissioning and minor control upgrades, are nearly $300,000 annually. If we concentrate on the 11 largest opportunities, representing nearly...
Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E., Giebler, T., Abushakra, B., Turner, W. D.
The physical plant director and staff at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) do a good job of maintaining PVAMU facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to...
Reddy, T. A., Elleson, J., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
The literature review covers the relevant literature concerning: (1) different inverse analysis methods, including: building simulation models, regression models, multicollinearity and function...
Haberl, J. S., Athar, A., Claridge, D. E.
In the Spring of 1996 a data logger was installed in the Toronto Library for TESCOR Energy Services to demonstrate the value of collecting and analyzing hourly energy data. This report presents a...
Yazdani, B., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The BVECC has contacted forty-eight (48) facilities in Texas to join the Rebuild America project. Twenty-one (21) facilities have signed the special form that authorizes the BVECC to conduct...
Energy Analysis, Baselining and Modeling of Prairie View A&M University (1998)
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Eggebrecht, J., Carlson, K. A.
The thermal metering installations in 29 buildings were inspected. They were generally found to be in good condition, with a flow meter and the two required temperature sensors installed in the hot...
Reddy, T. A., Elleson, J., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
The literature review covers the relevant literature concerning: (1) different inverse analysis methods, including: building simulation models, regression models, multicollinearity and function...
Haberl, J. S., Athar, A., Claridge, D. E.
In the Spring of 1996 a data logger was installed in the Toronto Library for TESCOR Energy Services to demonstrate the value of collecting and analyzing hourly energy data. This report presents a...
Yazdani, B., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E.
The BVECC has contacted forty-eight (48) facilities in Texas to join the Rebuild America project. Twenty-one (21) facilities have signed the special form that authorizes the BVECC to conduct...
Energy Analysis, Baselining and Modeling of Prairie View A&M University (1998)
Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Eggebrecht, J., Carlson, K. A.
The thermal metering installations in 29 buildings were inspected. They were generally found to be in good condition, with a flow meter and the two required temperature sensors installed in the hot...
Program Overview: The Texas LoanSTAR Program; 1989-August 1997 (1998)
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Haberl, J. S., Heffington, W. M., Harvey, T., ...
The Texas LoanSTAR mans to Save Taxes and Resources) program was conceived as a $98.6 million capital retrofit program for building energy efficiency. The funding source is petroleum violation escrow...
Environmental Impact of the Texas LoanSTAR Program (1998)
Athar, A., Abbas, M., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Harvey, T.
This paper presents an analysis of the environmental impact of the energy reductions that have been measured in the Texas LoanSTAR program. There are a number of factors that influence emission...
Optimal hot and cold deck reset schedules can decrease simultaneous heating and cooling in VAV AHUs comparing with constant cold deck temperature operation. In this paper, optimization models are...
Liu, M., Abbas, M., Veteto, B., Claridge, D. E., Bruner, H.
In the theory and modeling part, the principles of VAV box optimization are investigated. The simulations show that optimizing cold and hot deck reset schedules can significantly reduce the amount of...
Rehabilitating A Thermal Storage System Through Commissioning (1998)
Liu, M., Veteto, B., Claridge, D. E.
A thermal storage system was installed in a 37,000 ft2 hospital in April 1992. The chiller had to be operated every summer during peak demand periods until the authors rehabilitated system through...
Zhu, Y., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Powell, T.
Air static pressure set-point or schedule for VAV AHLJ systems is one of the most crucial operational parameters for satisfy lug the building load, maintaining the room comfort level and saving...
Wang, W., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A.
The measured energy savings from retrofits in buildings is often determined as the difference between the energy consumption predicted by a baseline model and the measured energy consumption during...
Regression models of measured energy use in buildings are widely used as baseline models to determine retrofit savings from measured energy consumption. It is less expensive to determine savings from...
Signatures of Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption for Typical AHUs (1998)
Wei, G., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E.
An analysis is performed to investigate the signatures of different parameters on the heating and cooling energy consumption of typical air handling units (AHUs). The results are presented in graphic...
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A., Elleson, J.
The literature review covers the relevant literature concerning: 1) different inverse analysis methods, including: building simulation models, regression models, multicollinearity and function forms,...
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A., Elleson, J.
The literature review covers the relevant literature concerning: 1) different inverse analysis methods, including: building simulation models, regression models, multicollinearity and function forms,...
Reddy, T. A., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D.
This study used electricity consumption, gas consumption, base area, and population data obtained from the central Defense Energy Information System (DEIS) database by USACERL, and monthly mean...
Data Polling Routine (PlotHood) to Generate Weekly Inspection Plots for Fort Hood, Texas (1996)
Saman, N. F., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
For this part of the project, a weather station that includes temperature, humidity and solar sensors was installed at the west substation of Ft. Hood as part of Phase I of this project. Weekly...
Improving Building Energy System Performance by Continuous Commissioning (1996)
Turner, W. D., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The term Continuous Commissioning (CC) was first used by engineers at the Energy Systems Lab (ESL) at Texas A&M University to describe an ongoing process which improves the operation of buildings...
An Evaluation of Energy-Saving Retrofits from the Texas LoanSTAR Program (1996)
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Heneghan, T., Sieggreen, R., Sims, J.
By December 1993, on average, the retrofits in the LoanSTAR program were performing within the expectations of the energy audits as indicated which speaks well of the value of the effort to monitor...
Reddy, T. A., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D.
This study used electricity consumption, gas consumption, base area, and population data obtained from the central Defense Energy Information System (DEIS) database by USACERL, and monthly mean...
Data Polling Routine (PlotHood) to Generate Weekly Inspection Plots for Fort Hood, Texas (1996)
Saman, N. F., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
For this part of the project, a weather station that includes temperature, humidity and solar sensors was installed at the west substation of Ft. Hood as part of Phase I of this project. Weekly...
Improving Building Energy System Performance by Continuous Commissioning (1996)
Turner, W. D., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The term Continuous Commissioning (CC) was first used by engineers at the Energy Systems Lab (ESL) at Texas A&M University to describe an ongoing process which improves the operation of buildings...
An Evaluation of Energy-Saving Retrofits from the Texas LoanSTAR Program (1996)
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Heneghan, T., Sieggreen, R., Sims, J.
By December 1993, on average, the retrofits in the LoanSTAR program were performing within the expectations of the energy audits as indicated which speaks well of the value of the effort to monitor...
Impacts of Static Pressure Set Level on the HVAC Energy Consumption and Indoor Conditions (1996)
Liu, M., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E., White, E.
Air static pressure must be maintained at a certain level leaving the air-handing unit (AHU) to force a suitable amount of air through the terminal boxes. However, an excessive static pressure level...
Liu, M., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
In most chiller and boiler central plants, the energy management and control systems (EMCS) monitor and record key operation parameters and energy production continuously. A method was developed to...
Heating penalty is expected when economizers are applied to dual-duct air handling systems. The heating penalty can even be higher than the cooling savings when the hot air flow is higher than the...
A Prediction of Energy Savings Resulting from Building Infiltration Control (1996)
McWatters, K., Claridge, D. E., Liu, M.
Heat transfer through building walls consists of three main components: conduction heat transfer, solar gain and infiltration heat transfer. An interaction among these three heat transfer components...
Development of Baseline Monthly Utility Models for Fort Hood, Texas (1996)
Reddy, T. A., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., Chalifoux, A.
The Fort Hood Army base in central Texas has more than 5,200 buildings and can be considered as typical of large Department of Defense Army bases in the continental United States. The annual utility...
Liu, M., Athar, A., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
This study investigated the improved cold deck settings under current mechanical conditions as well as the optimal cold deck settings when the current mechanical problems are solved. Improvements to...
Wei, G., Eggebrecht, J., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E.
Four levels of metering systems have been developed for the energy monitoring program. These accommodate the necessary requirements with the funds available for monitoring retrofits. For sites where...
Wei, G., Eggebrecht, J., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E.
Detailed calculations for each site are shown in this Volume. For each site the ECRM description, approved loan amount, expected savings, the pre and post-retrofit energy use (electricity and gas...
Saman, N. F., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The report is divided into three main parts representing the three tasks of the project. The objectives of Task A are to develop baseline monthly models of (i) electricity use, (ii) electricity...
Abbas, M., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Saman, N. F.
There are a number of factors that influence emission factors. The three major pollutants considered in this analysis are CO2, SO2, and NOX. Emission factors from three different sources were...
Liu, M., Athar, A., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E.
This study investigated the improved cold deck settings under current mechanical conditions as well as the optimal cold deck settings when the current mechanical problems are solved. Improvements to...
Wei, G., Eggebrecht, J., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E.
Four levels of metering systems have been developed for the energy monitoring program. These accommodate the necessary requirements with the funds available for monitoring retrofits. For sites where...
Wei, G., Eggebrecht, J., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E.
Detailed calculations for each site are shown in this Volume. For each site the ECRM description, approved loan amount, expected savings, the pre and post-retrofit energy use (electricity and gas...
Saman, N. F., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
The report is divided into three main parts representing the three tasks of the project. The objectives of Task A are to develop baseline monthly models of (i) electricity use, (ii) electricity...
Abbas, M., Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Saman, N. F.
There are a number of factors that influence emission factors. The three major pollutants considered in this analysis are CO2, SO2, and NOX. Emission factors from three different sources were...
Reddy, T. A., Kissock, J. K., Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
This report proposes an index, called the Energy Delivery Efficiency (EDE), which characterizes this penalty and rates the energy performance of HVAC systems on an absolute scale. The engineering...
Reddy, T. A., Kissock, J. K., Katipamula, S., Ruch, D. K., Claridge, D. E.
The objective of this report is to present the various analysis techniques in a logical fashion, briefly discussing and illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of each technique with monitored data...
Test Report for Low Water Consumption Stainless Steel Water Closet Toilets (1994)
Claridge, D. E., Boecker, C. L.
Two stainless steel toilets using the 1.6 gallon per flush valve were tested and are documented in this report. One toilet is a version of the existing TDC water closet design (designated TDC5) and...
Liu, M., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
At the request of the Energy Management and Operations Department at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, the Energy Systems Laboratory at the Texas A&M University performed the...
Katipamula, S., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E.
Issues relating to bias in regression models identified from short data sets are discussed in this paper. First, the physical reasons for the differences between the predictions of the annual energy...
Reddy, T. A., Kissock, J. K., Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
This report proposes an index, called the Energy Delivery Efficiency (EDE), which characterizes this penalty and rates the energy performance of HVAC systems on an absolute scale. The engineering...
Reddy, T. A., Kissock, J. K., Katipamula, S., Ruch, D. K., Claridge, D. E.
The objective of this report is to present the various analysis techniques in a logical fashion, briefly discussing and illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of each technique with monitored data...
Test Report for Low Water Consumption Stainless Steel Water Closet Toilets (1994)
Claridge, D. E., Boecker, C. L.
Two stainless steel toilets using the 1.6 gallon per flush valve were tested and are documented in this report. One toilet is a version of the existing TDC water closet design (designated TDC5) and...
Liu, M., Zhu, Y., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
At the request of the Energy Management and Operations Department at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, the Energy Systems Laboratory at the Texas A&M University performed the...
Katipamula, S., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E.
Issues relating to bias in regression models identified from short data sets are discussed in this paper. First, the physical reasons for the differences between the predictions of the annual energy...
Pre-Retrofit Lighting Study at the University of Texas at Arlington (1994)
Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
In the summer of 1993 the University of Texas at Arlington Physical Plant Department submitted a request to the Energy Systems Lab to conduct a lighting study to determine the most cost-effective...
Griffith, L., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E.
A cooling-only PRISM analysis has been performed on eleven new residences in College Station using electricity billing data over an entire year. This study revealed that, provided one corrects for...
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., White, E.
Building energy consumption can be substantially reduced after implementing what we call Extended O&M Measures. The Extended O&M Measures are a scientific refinement of traditional O&M measures....
EModel: A New Tool for Analyzing Building Energy Use Data (1993)
Kissock, J. K., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
While computer technology has vastly increased the quantity and quality of measured building energy use data, our ability to analyze the data has not kept step. As a result, building energy use data...
EModel: A New Tool for Analyzing Building Energy Use Data (1993)
Kissock, J. K., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E.
While computer technology has vastly increased the quantity and quality of measured building energy use data, our ability to analyze the data has not kept step. As a result, building energy use data...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings at the State Capitol Complex (1993)
Houcek, J. K., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Katipamula, S., Abbas, M.
This report presents the results of a study of the potential cost savings by improving operations and maintenance (O&M) practices at eight buildings of the State Capitol Complex, monitored by the...
Liu, M., Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The O&M measures identified in these schools include turning off HVAC systems at night, turning off lights at night and installing motion sensors in the auditorium, gymnasium, and activity center....
Turner, W. D., Houcek, J. K., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E.
During the Fall of 1992 a comprehensive survey was conducted on eight buildings at the State Capitol Complex to determine potential operations and maintenance (O&M) savings opportunities. A verbal...
Liu, M., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
As part of the Texas LoanSTAR program, 44 schools in the Fort Worth Independent School District (FWISD) had lighting retrofits performed on there in late 1991. The Energy Systems Laboratory of Texas...
This report presents three methods of measuring the air infiltration heat recovery in buildings. The blower door method estimates the air infiltration heat recovery using a test which takes less than...
Summary of UTMB O&M Project: Energy Conservation Potential in Five Buildings (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
This report is a summary of five reports (references 1 to 5) which provided detailed descriptions of an O&M investigation of the following five buildings on the UTMB campus: 1) John Sealy North...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the Basic Science Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S.
An optimized HVAC operation schedule has been developed using a simplified HVAC systems model analysis along with the LoanSTAR measured hourly energy use data and EMCS measured operating parameters...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the Clinical Science Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S.
An optimized HVAC operation schedule has been developed using the simplified model analysis with the LoanSTAR measured hourly data and the EMCS measured operation parameters at UTMB. An annual...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the John Sealy South Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The suggested O&Ms include optimizing the HVAC operation schedule, calibrating and relocating of some of the cold deck temperature sensors. The optimized schedule was determined using an analysis...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the John Sealy North Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Group, Energy Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University, was requested by University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston to investigate O&M measures in their...
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
An optimized HVAC operation schedule was determined using an analysis involving a simplified HVAC model, which was calibrated against daily data measured by the LoanSTAR program. It is estimated that...
Using Fourier Series to Model Hourly Energy Use in Commercial Buildings (1993)
Dhar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E.
The procedure for modeling hourly energy use has two steps. Mean daily energy use is different during working weekdays, working weekends, holidays and Christmas due to major change in mode of...
Pre-Retrofit Lighting Study at the University of Texas at Arlington, Texas (1993)
Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
In the summer of 1993 the UTA Physical Plant Department submitted a request to the Energy Systems Lab to conduct a lighting study to determine the most cost-effective method of implementing...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings at the State Capitol Complex (1993)
Houcek, J. K., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Katipamula, S., Abbas, M.
This report presents the results of a study of the potential cost savings by improving operations and maintenance (O&M) practices at eight buildings of the State Capitol Complex, monitored by the...
Liu, M., Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The O&M measures identified in these schools include turning off HVAC systems at night, turning off lights at night and installing motion sensors in the auditorium, gymnasium, and activity center....
Turner, W. D., Houcek, J. K., Liu, M., Claridge, D. E.
During the Fall of 1992 a comprehensive survey was conducted on eight buildings at the State Capitol Complex to determine potential operations and maintenance (O&M) savings opportunities. A verbal...
Liu, M., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
As part of the Texas LoanSTAR program, 44 schools in the Fort Worth Independent School District (FWISD) had lighting retrofits performed on there in late 1991. The Energy Systems Laboratory of Texas...
This report presents three methods of measuring the air infiltration heat recovery in buildings. The blower door method estimates the air infiltration heat recovery using a test which takes less than...
Summary of UTMB O&M Project: Energy Conservation Potential in Five Buildings (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
This report is a summary of five reports (references 1 to 5) which provided detailed descriptions of an O&M investigation of the following five buildings on the UTMB campus: 1) John Sealy North...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the Basic Science Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S.
An optimized HVAC operation schedule has been developed using a simplified HVAC systems model analysis along with the LoanSTAR measured hourly energy use data and EMCS measured operating parameters...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the Clinical Science Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Claridge, D. E., Reddy, T. A., Haberl, J. S.
An optimized HVAC operation schedule has been developed using the simplified model analysis with the LoanSTAR measured hourly data and the EMCS measured operation parameters at UTMB. An annual...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the John Sealy South Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The suggested O&Ms include optimizing the HVAC operation schedule, calibrating and relocating of some of the cold deck temperature sensors. The optimized schedule was determined using an analysis...
Potential Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Savings in the John Sealy North Building at UTMB (1993)
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
The LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Group, Energy Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University, was requested by University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston to investigate O&M measures in their...
Liu, M., Athar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
An optimized HVAC operation schedule was determined using an analysis involving a simplified HVAC model, which was calibrated against daily data measured by the LoanSTAR program. It is estimated that...
Using Fourier Series to Model Hourly Energy Use in Commercial Buildings (1993)
Dhar, A., Reddy, T. A., Claridge, D. E.
The procedure for modeling hourly energy use has two steps. Mean daily energy use is different during working weekdays, working weekends, holidays and Christmas due to major change in mode of...
Pre-Retrofit Lighting Study at the University of Texas at Arlington, Texas (1993)
Houcek, J. K., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S.
In the summer of 1993 the UTA Physical Plant Department submitted a request to the Energy Systems Lab to conduct a lighting study to determine the most cost-effective method of implementing...
Prairie View A&M University Whole Campus Energy Report Update (1992)
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Prairie View A&M University started a large scale energy management program in 1987 and 1988. This updated report presents an analysis of whole-campus energy consumption at the Prairie View A&M...
Reddy, T. A., Vaidya, S., Griffith, L., Bhattacharyya, S., Claridge, D. E.
The measured data and various analysis approaches described were able to qualitatively reveal whether the AC was oversized or not but exact quantification was not possible. The same held true in...
Calculating Energy and Demand Retrofit Savings for Stroman High School: Interim Report (1992)
Liu, Y., Reddy, T. A., Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
As part of the LoanSTAR program, Stroman High School in Victoria Texas underwent two retrofits: a) an absorption chiller was changed to an electric vapor compression chiller, and b) an EMCS system...
Calculating Energy and Demand Retrofit Savings for Victoria High School: Interim Report (1992)
Liu, Y., Reddy, T. A., Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
As part of the LoanSTAR program, Victoria High School in Victoria, Texas underwent two retrofits: a) an absorption chiller was changed to an electric vapor compression chiller, and b) an EMCS system...
Prairie View A&M University Whole Campus Energy Report Update (1992)
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Prairie View A&M University started a large scale energy management program in 1987 and 1988. This updated report presents an analysis of whole-campus energy consumption at the Prairie View A&M...
Reddy, T. A., Vaidya, S., Griffith, L., Bhattacharyya, S., Claridge, D. E.
The measured data and various analysis approaches described were able to qualitatively reveal whether the AC was oversized or not but exact quantification was not possible. The same held true in...
Calculating Energy and Demand Retrofit Savings for Stroman High School: Interim Report (1992)
Liu, Y., Reddy, T. A., Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
As part of the LoanSTAR program, Stroman High School in Victoria Texas underwent two retrofits: a) an absorption chiller was changed to an electric vapor compression chiller, and b) an EMCS system...
Calculating Energy and Demand Retrofit Savings for Victoria High School: Interim Report (1992)
Liu, Y., Reddy, T. A., Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
As part of the LoanSTAR program, Victoria High School in Victoria, Texas underwent two retrofits: a) an absorption chiller was changed to an electric vapor compression chiller, and b) an EMCS system...
Prairie View A&M University Whole Campus Energy Analysis (1991)
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Prairie View A&M University started a large scale energy management program in 1987 and 1988. This report presents an analysis of whole-campus energy consumption at the Prairie View A&M Campus where...
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Bryant, J., Poyner, B., McBride, J.
The purpose of this preliminary engineering survey of the USDOE Forrestal and Germantown facilities is to determine whether existing EMCSs can be used for monitoring energy retrofits, and in the case...
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Athar, A., Kissock, J. K., Reddy, T. A., Ruch, D. K., ...
The LoanSTAR program has now completed its second prototype year. This report is Volume I of a two volume set that documents the progress since the January 1991 MARC meeting. This first voume...
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Athar, A., Kissock, J. K., Reddy, T. A., Ruch, D. K., ...
The LoanSTAR program has now completed its second prototype year. This report is Volume II of a two volume set that documents the progress since the January 1991 MARC meeting. This second volume...
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Sparks, R. J., Bryant, J., Poyner, B., Belur, R., ...
Developments in three closely related fields may influence the way EMCSs are used in buildings in the future. First, efforts by researchers are beginning to show that continuous monitoring and...
Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
Several state owned buildings with dual-duct constant volume (DDCV) systems are being retrofitted with energy efficient variable air volume (VAV) systems as part of Texas LoanSTAR Program. One method...
Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
Several state owned buildings with dual-duct constant volume (DDCV) systems have been retrofitted with energy efficient variable air volume systems (VAV) as part of the Texas LoanSTAR Program. One...
Prairie View A&M University Whole Campus Energy Analysis (1991)
Haberl, J. S., Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Prairie View A&M University started a large scale energy management program in 1987 and 1988. This report presents an analysis of whole-campus energy consumption at the Prairie View A&M Campus where...
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Bryant, J., Poyner, B., McBride, J.
The purpose of this preliminary engineering survey of the USDOE Forrestal and Germantown facilities is to determine whether existing EMCSs can be used for monitoring energy retrofits, and in the case...
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Athar, A., Kissock, J. K., Reddy, T. A., Ruch, D. K., ...
The LoanSTAR program has now completed its second prototype year. This report is Volume I of a two volume set that documents the progress since the January 1991 MARC meeting. This first voume...
Turner, W. D., Claridge, D. E., Athar, A., Kissock, J. K., Reddy, T. A., Ruch, D. K., ...
The LoanSTAR program has now completed its second prototype year. This report is Volume II of a two volume set that documents the progress since the January 1991 MARC meeting. This second volume...
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Sparks, R. J., Bryant, J., Poyner, B., Belur, R., ...
Developments in three closely related fields may influence the way EMCSs are used in buildings in the future. First, efforts by researchers are beginning to show that continuous monitoring and...
Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
Several state owned buildings with dual-duct constant volume (DDCV) systems are being retrofitted with energy efficient variable air volume (VAV) systems as part of Texas LoanSTAR Program. One method...
Katipamula, S., Claridge, D. E.
Several state owned buildings with dual-duct constant volume (DDCV) systems have been retrofitted with energy efficient variable air volume systems (VAV) as part of the Texas LoanSTAR Program. One...
Improved Analysis Methods for Retrofit Savings and Energy Accounting (ERAP #227) (1990)
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Kissock, J. K., Ruch, D. K., Katipamula, S., Chen, L., ...
A grocery store, two nursing homes, an institutional building, and a high school have been selected as preliminary case study buildings. All of the buildings except the nursing homes have been...
Improved Analysis Methods for Retrofit Savings and Energy Accounting (ERAP #227) (1990)
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Kissock, J. K., Ruch, D. K., Katipamula, S., Chen, L., ...
A grocery store, two nursing homes, an institutional building, and a high school have been selected as preliminary case study buildings. All of the buildings except the nursing homes have been...
Analysis of Texas LoanSTAR Data (1990)
Chen, L., Kissock, J. K., Haberl, J. S., Heneghan, T., Ruch, D., O'Neal, D. L., ...
The analysis effort during the first year of the Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program has emphasized selection and development of baseline analysis techniques to cover the range of...
Policy Recommendations for Establishing the LoneSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program (1989)
Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Turner, W. D.
The major objectives of the Monitoring and Analysis Program (MAP) should be to: Verify energy and dollar savings of the retrofits; Reduce energy costs by identifying operational and maintenance...
Shower Testing for the Texas Department of Corrections (1989)
Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Chen, L.
The savings determined are about one-third the estimate made before testing, since the low flow heads tested require that supply water temperatures be approximately 10 F higher than standard heads to...
Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program Draft Plan (1989)
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Heffington, W. M., O'Neal, D. L., Turner, W. D., Etheredge, R., ...
Major objectives of the LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program (MAP) are to: verify energy and dollar savings of energy conservation retrofits in state, school and local government buildings;...
Policy Recommendations for Establishing the LoneSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program (1989)
Claridge, D. E., O'Neal, D. L., Turner, W. D.
The major objectives of the Monitoring and Analysis Program (MAP) should be to: Verify energy and dollar savings of the retrofits; Reduce energy costs by identifying operational and maintenance...
Shower Testing for the Texas Department of Corrections (1989)
Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Chen, L.
The savings determined are about one-third the estimate made before testing, since the low flow heads tested require that supply water temperatures be approximately 10 F higher than standard heads to...
Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program Draft Plan (1989)
Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Heffington, W. M., O'Neal, D. L., Turner, W. D., Etheredge, R., ...
Major objectives of the LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program (MAP) are to: verify energy and dollar savings of energy conservation retrofits in state, school and local government buildings;...
Considerations for Energy Efficient Showers in Hot-Humid Climates (1989)
Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D.
Measurements have been conducted on four low-flow showerheads currently recommended by utilities. These measurements were made to determine expected cost savings in two prison installations, based on...
Predicting Energy Usage in a Supermarket (1989)
Schrock, D. W., Claridge, D. E.
Very little is known about the energy using systems in commercial and retail stores, which consume 24.8% of the energy used by all commercial buildings. This paper describes development of a...
Redesign of Lighting Fixtures for the Texas Department of Corrections (1988)
Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Krarti, M., Yebra, R.
Implementation of these recommendations will result in reduced construction cost of $91,418 and annual operating savings of $88,910 if recommendations 1-5 and 6a are implemented at Amarillo and...
Redesign of Lighting Fixtures for the Texas Department of Corrections (1988)
Claridge, D. E., Turner, W. D., Krarti, M., Yebra, R.
Implementation of these recommendations will result in reduced construction cost of $91,418 and annual operating savings of $88,910 if recommendations 1-5 and 6a are implemented at Amarillo and...
Energy Efficiency Design Evaluation for the Texas Department of Corrections (1988)
Claridge, D. E., Krati, M., Turner, W. D.
A rapid, but comprehensive review of the electrical, mechanical and thermal systems in the maximum security prisons to be built in Amarillo and Gatesville, TX recommended 10 measures for each prison...
The College Station Residential Energy Compliance Code (1988)
The City of College Station, Texas adopted a new residential Energy Compliance Code in January, 1988. The code, which strengthens compliance requirements in several areas, has received broadly based...
Preliminary Measurements of the Energy Impact of Infiltration in a Test Cell (1988)
Claridge, D. E., Krarti, M., Bhattacharyya, S.
All existing computer models for calculating energy consumption of buildings assume that infiltration increases the heating and cooling load on a building by an amount equal to the mass flow rate of...
Claridge, D. E., Neidinger, P., Schrock, D.
This paper examines the energy efficiency of residential construction in College Station from 1981-1986. Housing sizes, location, and construction activity by various contractors are described using...