Almany, G.R., Connolly, S.R., Heath, D.D., Hogan, J.D., Jones, G.P., McCook, L.J., ...
Networks of no-take reserves are important for protecting coral reef biodiversity from climate change and other human impacts. Ensuring that reserve populations are connected to each other and...
Alanine metabolism in acute falciparum malaria (2002)
Pukrittayakamee, S., Krishna, S., Kuile, F.O. Ter, Wilaiwan, O., Williamson, D.H., White, N.J.
Williamson, D. H., Denny, P. W., Moore, P. W., Sato, S., McCready, S., Wilson, R. J. M.
The Phylum Apicomplexa comprises thousands of obligate intracellular parasites, some of which cause serious disease in man and other animals. Though not photosynthetic, some of them, including the...
tRNA genes transcribed from the plastid-like DNA of Plasmodium falciparum (1995)
Preiser, P., Williamson, D. H., Wilson, R. J. M.
Besides their mitochondrlal genome, malarial parasites contain a second organellar DNA. This 35 kb circular molecule has a number of features reminiscent of plastid DNAs. Sequence analysis shows that...
Gardner, M.J., Feagin, J.E., Moore, D.J., Rangachari, K., Williamson, D.H., Wilson, R.J.M.
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum carries an extrachromosomal 35 kb circular DNA molecule of unknown provenance. A striking feature of the circle is a pallndromic sequence of genes for...
Extrachromosomal DNA in the Apicomplexa.
Malaria and related apicomplexan parasites have two highly conserved organellar genomes: one is of plastid (pl) origin, and the other is mitochondrial (mt). The organization of both organellar DNA...
tRNA genes transcribed from the plastid-like DNA of Plasmodium falciparum.
Preiser, P, Williamson, D H, Wilson, R J
Besides their mitochondrial genome, malarial parasites contain a second organellar DNA. This 35 kb circular molecule has a number of features reminiscent of plastid DNAs. Sequence analysis shows that...
Gardner, M J, Feagin, J E, Moore, D J, Rangachari, K, Williamson, D H, Wilson, R J
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum carries an extrachromosomal 35 kb circular DNA molecule of unknown provenance. A striking feature of the circle is a palindromic sequence of genes for...
Feagin, J E, Werner, E, Gardner, M J, Williamson, D H, Wilson, R J
Plasmodium falciparum contains two extrachromosomal DNAs, a 6 kb linear element and a 35 kb circular DNA; both encode rDNA sequences. The 6 kb element rDNAs comprise fragments of both large and small...
Recombination associated with replication of malarial mitochondrial DNA.
Preiser, P R, Wilson, R J, Moore, P W, McCready, S, Hajibagheri, M A, Blight, K J, ...
Mitochondrial DNA of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum comprises approximately 20 copies per cell of a 6 kb genome, arranged mainly as polydisperse linear concatemers. In synchronous blood...
Evans, R D, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Administration of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PAF) did not alter the rate of triacylglycerol entry into the plasma. The gastrointestinal absorption of...
Heesom, K J, Souza, P F, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
The effects of a series of medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12) on glucose metabolism in isolated acini from lactating rat mammary glands have been studied. Hexanoate (C6) octanoate (C8) and decanoate...
Tedstone, A E, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Measurements of the tissue accumulation in vivo and in vitro by hepatocytes and mammary-gland acini of alpha-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate ([1-14C]AIB) were compared in virgin and lactating rats. The...
Evans, R D, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
1. The effects of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine; PAF) on hepatic metabolism in vivo in rats were studied. 2. PAF stimulated synthesis of hepatic lipid...
Da Costa, T H, Williamson, D H
The effects of exogenous insulin or vanadate (an insulin mimetic) on the disposal of dietary [14C]lipid between oxidation to 14CO2, deposition in adipose tissue or uptake by mammary gland and...
Meal-fed (3 h) rats had a decreased food intake, body weight and carcass fat compared with rats fed ad libitum. On refeeding a chow meal containing [1-14C]triolein, the production of 14CO2 was lower...
1. The effects of starvation post partum (24 h) and tumour growth pre partum on the initiation of lactation in the rat were studied. 2. Tumour growth decreased food intake at 24 h, but not at 2 days...
Oller Do Nascimento, C M, Williamson, D H
1. The effects of starvation and refeeding on the disposal of oral [14C]triolein between 14CO2 production and 14C-lipid accumulation in tissues of virgin rats, lactating rats and lactating rats with...
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) was administered to virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats, and subsequent disposal of an oral [1-14C]triolein (glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate) load examined....
Pallardo, F V, Williamson, D H
Meal-fed rats and rats fed ad libitum had similar rates of hepatic glycogen deposition on refeeding with a chow meal. In contrast, the rate of hepatic lipid synthesis (cholesterol plus fatty acids)...
Da Costa, T H, Taylor, K, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
A system for the study of the regulation of the release of triacylglycerols by mammary gland slices was developed. By prelabelling the triacylglycerol pool with [3H]oleate measurements of release of...
Del Prado, M, Da Costa, T H, Williamson, D H
The effect of tri-iodothyronine (T3) administration on the utilization of dietary [14C]lipid by the mammary gland and adipose tissue of lactating and litter-removed rats was studied. (1) After an...
Da Costa, T H, Williamson, D H
The effects of insulin deficiency (streptozotocin-induced) or insulin plus prolactin deficiency on the disposal of orally administered [1-14C]triolein between oxidation to 14CO2, uptake by mammary...
Oller Do Nascimento, C M, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
1. The effects of various treatments to alter either plasma prolactin (bromocryptine administration or removal of litter) or the metabolic activity of the mammary gland (unilateral or complete teat...
Interleukin-1 and lipid metabolism in the rat.
Argilés, J M, Lopez-Soriano, F J, Evans, R D, Williamson, D H
Intravenous administration of a single dose (20 micrograms) of recombinant interleukin-1-beta to virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats rapidly decreased intestinal lipid absorption in all groups....
Argilés, J M, López-Soriano, F J, Wiggins, D, Williamson, D H
The effects of acute administration of either tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) (TNF) or interleukin-1-beta (IL-1), or of tumour growth (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma), on blood amino acid...
Tedstone, A E, Tedoldi, B, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Polymyxin B, a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic, increased blood glucose and lactate, and inhibited the stimulation of lipogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue and lactating mammary gland of...
Jones, R G, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Starvation for 6h and 24h caused an 80% and 95% decrease in the rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis respectively in conscious lactating rats. 2. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased and circulating...
Williamson, D H, Ilic, V, Jones, R G
The rapid stimulation of lipogenesis in mammary gland that occurs on re-feeding starved lactating rats with a chow diet was decreased (60%) by injection of mercaptopicolinic acid, an inhibitor of...
Oller Do Nascimento, C M, Williamson, D H
Production of 14CO2 from an oral load of [1-14C]triolein was greatly decreased (70%) in lactating rats or immediately after (24-48 h) removal of the litter, compared with virgin rats. This decreased...
Temporal changes in circulating insulin concentrations were measured during re-feeding of 18 h-starved lactating rats. Insulin concentrations rose rapidly over the first 20 min of re-feeding with 5 g...
Depression of carbohydrate digestion by oral administration of acarbose, a glucosidase inhibitor, led to a 75% inhibition of the re-activation of lipogenesis in vivo in the mammary gland of 18...
Feeding lactating rats on high-fat cheese crackers in addition to laboratory chow increased the dietary intake of fat from 2 to 20% of the total weight of food eaten and decreased mammary-gland...
Hansson, P, Newsholme, E A, Williamson, D H
The rate of the triacylglycerol/fatty acid substrate cycle was measured in vivo in adipose tissue of virgin and lactating rats with pups removed. The rate decreased by 70% in adipose tissue of...
1. Oral administration of triacylglycerol (triolein) to starved/chow-refed lactating rats suppressed the lipogenic switch-on in the mammary gland in vivo. 2. A time-course study revealed that...
1. The effect of tumour burden on lipid metabolism was examined in virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats. 2. No differences in food intake or plasma insulin concentrations were observed between...
Inhibition of sterol but not fatty acid synthesis by valproate in developing rat brain in vivo.
Bolaños, J P, Medina, J M, Williamson, D H
The effect of administration of valproate on lipogenesis in the developing rat brain in vivo was studied. Valproate inhibited by 21-38% the rate of 3H2O incorporation into brain sterols, without...
Tedstone, A E, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Measurement of the entry rate of an intragastric load of [14C]triolein into the plasma in the presence of Triton WR1339 gave similar values for virgin and weaned rats, but significantly lower values...
Brosnan, M E, Farrell, R, Wilansky, H, Williamson, D H
Starvation caused a marked increase in putrescine content in mammary gland of lactating rats, together with a marked decrease in activity of ornithine decarboxylase and appearance of measurable...
Metabolic effects of vasopressin infusion in the starved rat. Reversal of ketonaemia.
The effects of vasopressin on the metabolism of starved rats were investigated by using a constant-infusion regimen (50 pmol/kg body wt. per min, after an initial loading dose of 150 pmol/kg body...
Diurnal variations in food intake and in lipogenesis in mammary gland and liver of lactating rats.
Despite the hyperphagia, the food intake of the lactating rat showed marked diurnal changes which paralleled those of virgin rats. The major difference was that lactating rats consumed a higher...
Chronic uraemic rats had decreased food intake, and this was accompanied by decreased weight of the epididymal fat-pads and interscapular brown adipose tissue. Normal rats whose food intake was...
Williamson, D H, Ilic, V, Hughes, J
The rate of lipogenesis in rat intestine increased on oral glucose loading and decreased after induction of acute insulin deficiency with streptozotocin. The latter effects could be partially...
Activities of enzymes of acetoacetate metabolism in rat brown adipose tissue during development.
The activities of two mitochondrial enzymes concerned in the utilization of acetoacetate, namely 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, were high throughout the suckling and weanling...
Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in the liver and mammary gland of the lactating rat.
Gibbons, G F, Pullinger, C R, Munday, M R, Williamson, D H
The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34) in the lactating mammary gland of rats killed between 10:00 and 14:30 h was 2-3 times that in the livers of...
Mechanism for the 'anti-lipolytic' action of vasopressin in the starved rat.
The marked decrease in blood non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies after vasopressin infusion into starved rats [Rofe & Williamson (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 231-239] was investigated....
Physiological significance of altered insulin metabolism in the conscious rat during lactation.
Jones, R G, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Uptake of radioactively labelled insulin by the mammary gland of the rat increased 12-fold in lactation compared with non-lactating controls. This uptake was decreased by the presence of unlabelled...
Brosnan, M E, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
1. Starvation caused a marked decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland, together with a lesser decrease in the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and a marked...
Roberts, A F, Viña, J R, Munday, M R, Farrell, R, Williamson, D H
1. Administration of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) to lactating rats raised the concentrations of amino acids, and in particular, the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine...
Benito, M, Whitelaw, E, Williamson, D H
The rates of ketogenesis from endogenous substrates, butyrate or oleate, have been measured in isolated hepatocytes from suckling and weanling rats. Ketogenesis from endogenous substrate and from...
Agius, L, Robinson, A M, Girard, J R, Williamson, D H
Removal of pups for 24 h from rats at peak lactation decreased 3H2O incorporation into lipid in vivo in mammary gland by 95%, whereas it was increased in liver (77%) and adipose tissue (330%). These...
Ferré, P, Pégorier, J P, Williamson, D H, Girard, J
Metabolic interactions between fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis were investigated in vivo in 16h-old newborn rats under various nutritional states. As the newborn rat has no white adipose...
Williamson, D H, Ilic, V, Tordoff, A F, Ellington, E V
Vasopressin (10nM) inhibited ketogenesis (56%) in hepatocytes from fed rats when oleate (1 mM) was the substrate, but had no effect with butyrate (10mM). The hormone increased the accumulation of...
Agius, L, Rolls, B J, Rowe, E A, Williamson, D H
In lactating rats fed on a cafeteria diet (chow plus palatable high-energy foods) the decreased glucose uptake and lipogenesis in vitro in acini correlated with the depressed mammary-gland...
Lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue of virgin rats increased 8--10-fold after intragastric feeding with glucose or medium-chain triacylglycerol, and this increase was prevented by short-term insulin...
An intragastric load of medium- or long-chain triacylglycerols inhibited lipogenesis in lactating rat mammary gland in vivo by 82 or 89% respectively. This inhibition was reversed partially by...
Effects of lactation on L-leucine metabolism in the rat. Studies in vivo and in vitro.
1. The turnover rate of L-[1-14C]leucine was increased by 35% in lactating rats compared with virgin rats. Starvation or removal of pups (24 h) returned the value to that of the virgin rat. 2....
1. Lactation is associated with an increase in the arterial blood concentration of L-alanine and L-glutamate, but a decrease in that of L-glutamine compared with the corresponding values for virgin...
Administration of insulin with glucose to starved lactating rats, which activates pyruvate dehydrogenase [M. A. Baxter & H. G. Coore (1978) Biochiem. J. 174, 553-561], restored lipogenesis in mammary...
Edwards, M W, Cawthorne, M A, Williamson, D H
In hepatocytes from lean mice vasopressin decreased ketogenesis and increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate and glucose release; these effects were Ca2+-dependent. None of these effects of...
Metabolic effect of alpha-and the beta-adrenergic stimulation of rat submaxillary gland in vitro.
Thompson, M P, Williamson, D H
1. Incubation of submaxillary-gland slices with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulated glucose removal by 41% and decreased tissue [glucose 6-phosphate] by 50%. Propranolol blocked...
Effects of lactation of ketogenesis from oleate or butyrate in rat hepatocytes.
1. Rates of ketogenesis from endogenous butyrate or oleate were measured in isolated hepatocytes prepared from fed rats during different reproductive states [virgin, pregnant, early-lactating (2-4...
Effects of acetoacetate administration on glucose metabolism in mammary gland of fed lactating rats.
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Administration of acetoactate to fed lactating rats rapidly decreases glucose uptake by the mammary gland, and causes an output of pyruvate, whereas lactate uptake remains unchanged. Similar changes,...
Origins of blood acetate in the rat.
A novel enzymimc cycling assay for the determination of acetate in biological material is described. Measurements of the acetate concentration in blood and liver samples from rats of various ages and...
Hydroxypyruvate as a gluconeogenic substrate in rat hepatocytes.
Williamson, D H, Ellington, E V
At concentrations of 2mM and above hydroxypyruvate produced no glucose with isolated rat liver cells, although it was rapidly utilized. At a lower concentration of hydroxypyruvate or in the presence...
Metabolic interactions of glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline in rat submaxillary gland in vitro.
Thompson, M P, Williamson, D H
1. The metabolic interactions between glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline were studied in submaxillary-gland slices. 2. Acetoacetate (2.5 mM) inhibited glucose removal by 22% and entry of glucose...
Interactions of glucose, acetoacetate and insulin in mammary-gland slices of lactating rats.
Williamson, D H, McKeown, S R, Ilic, V
1. Utilization of 5mM-glucose by slices of lactating mammary gland was decreased 33% on addition of acetoacetate (2mM) to the incubation medium. This inhibition was accompanied by increases in the...
Activities of enzymes involved in acetoacetate utilization in adult mammalian tissues
Williamson, D. H., Bates, Margaret W., Page, M. Ann, Krebs, H. A.
1. The activities in rat tissues of 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (the first enzyme involved in acetoacetate utilization) were found to be highest in kidney and heart. In submaxillary and adrenal glands...
Activities of enzymes of ketone-body utilization in brain and other tissues of suckling rats
Page, M. Ann, Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. The activities of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase in rat brain at birth were found to be about two-thirds of those of adult rat brain, expressed per g wet wt. The...
Ketone-body utilization by adult and suckling rat brain in vivo
Hawkins, R. A., Williamson, D. H., Krebs, H. A.
1. Ketone-body utilization in fed and starved adult and suckling rats has been investigated by measuring arterio-venous differences across the brain. Venous blood was collected from the confluence of...
Metabolic effects of propionate in normal and vitamin B12-deficient rats
Williams, D. L., Spray, G. H., Hems, R., Williamson, D. H.
1. Administration of propionate caused a twofold increase in the concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in the blood of vitamin B12-deficient rats, whereas there was a slight decrease in lactate and...
The effects of physical training on the metabolic response to short-term severe exercise in the rat.
The effect of acetoacetate on plasma insulin concentration
Hawkins, R. A., Houghton, C. R. S., Williamson, D. H., Krebs, H. A.
1. Sodium acetoacetate was infused into the inferior vena cava of fed rats, 48h-starved rats, and fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with insulin. Arterial blood was obtained from a femoral...
Effects of ischaemia on metabolite concentrations in rat liver
Brosnan, J. T., Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. Changes in the concentrations of ammonia, glutamine, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alanine, aspartate, malate, lactate, pyruvate, NAD+, NADH and adenine nucleotides...
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Inhibition of glucose uptake by acetoacetate and relief of this inhibition by insulin found previously in slices of rat mammary gland [Williamson, McKeown & Ilic (1975) Biochem. J. 150. 145-152] was...
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Oleate (1mM) had only small inhibitory effects on glucose utilization and lipogenesis in acini isolated from rat mammary gland. Esterification of [1-14C]oleate was unaffected by insulin but were...
Williamson, D. H., Veloso, Dulce, Ellington, E. V., Krebs, H. A.
1. Glycerol and dihydroxyacetone, both antiketogenic and readily metabolized, but differing in their effects on the redox state of the hepatic NAD couples, were given to starved rats and the contents...
Lipogenesis is increased in hepatocytes from fed lactating rats compared with virgin rats. Inhibition of lipogenesis with 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid resulted in increased ketogenesis from...
Inhibition of liver aspartate aminotransferase by L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid in the suckling newborn rat causes a decrease in all gluconeogenic precursors from phosphoenolpyruvate to...
Robinson, A M, Girard, J R, Williamson, D H
Fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland of lactating rats in vivo was 5-fold higher than in the liver. Starvation decreased fatty acid synthesis in the gland 50-fold, whereas refeeding for 2h...
Utlization of D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate for lipogenesis in vivo in lactating rat mammary gland.
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Incorporation of D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate into lipid in vivo suggests that lactating mammary gland is a major site of ketone-body utilization. The incorporation decreases in short-term insulin...
The development of ketogenesis at birth in the rat.
Ferré, P, Pégorier, J P, Williamson, D H, Girard, J R
In the suckling newborn rat, blood ketone bodies begin to increase slowly 4h after birth and then rise sharply between 12 and 16h, whereas the major increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids and...
Turnover rates of ketone bodies in normal, starved and alloxan-diabetic rats
Bates, Margaret W., Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. Rates of appearance and disappearance of total ketone bodies were determined in normal, starved and alloxan-diabetic rats by measuring specific radioactivities and concentrations of blood...
Brock, D. J. H., Williamson, D. H.
1. A diketo acid hydrolase was purified about 100-fold from rat liver and some of its properties were studied. 2. Comparison of its activity with 3,5-dioxohexanoate (triacetate) and...
Activity and intracellular distribution of enzymes of ketone-body metabolism in rat liver
Williamson, D. H., Bates, Margaret W., Krebs, H. A.
1. The activities of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase and lyase in rat liver were found to be two- to 15-fold greater than those reported by other authors under similar conditions. 2. When...
The effect of calcium ions on the leakage of protein and enzymes from rat-liver slices
Streffer, C., Williamson, D. H.
1. The effects of Ca2+ ions and the nutritional state of the animals on the distribution of soluble protein between the medium, cytoplasmic and particulate fractions after incubation of rat-liver...
Bergmeyer, H. U., Gawehn, K., Klotzsch, H., Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. The purification and crystallization of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides is described. 2. The molecular weight was calculated to be 85000 by...
Williamson, D. H., Lund, Patricia, Krebs, H. A.
1. The concentrations of the oxidized and reduced substrates of the lactate-, β-hydroxybutyrate- and glutamate-dehydrogenase systems were measured in rat livers freeze-clamped as soon as possible...
Williamson, D. H., Lopes-Vieira, Otilia, Walker, Barbara
1. The concentrations of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and serine plus threonine have been measured by enzymic methods in `quick-frozen' livers from normal, starved, alloxan-diabetic and...
Mutator Activity of Petite Strains of SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Flury, Fred, Von Borstel, R. C., Williamson, D. H.
Petite strains in Saccharomyces exhibit enhanced spontaneous mutation rates of nuclear genes regardless of whether they are cytoplasmically or nuclearly inherited, or whether or not the cytoplasmic...
Extrachromosomal DNA in the Apicomplexa.
Malaria and related apicomplexan parasites have two highly conserved organellar genomes: one is of plastid (pl) origin, and the other is mitochondrial (mt). The organization of both organellar DNA...
tRNA genes transcribed from the plastid-like DNA of Plasmodium falciparum.
Preiser, P, Williamson, D H, Wilson, R J
Besides their mitochondrial genome, malarial parasites contain a second organellar DNA. This 35 kb circular molecule has a number of features reminiscent of plastid DNAs. Sequence analysis shows that...
Gardner, M J, Feagin, J E, Moore, D J, Rangachari, K, Williamson, D H, Wilson, R J
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum carries an extrachromosomal 35 kb circular DNA molecule of unknown provenance. A striking feature of the circle is a palindromic sequence of genes for...
Feagin, J E, Werner, E, Gardner, M J, Williamson, D H, Wilson, R J
Plasmodium falciparum contains two extrachromosomal DNAs, a 6 kb linear element and a 35 kb circular DNA; both encode rDNA sequences. The 6 kb element rDNAs comprise fragments of both large and small...
Recombination associated with replication of malarial mitochondrial DNA.
Preiser, P R, Wilson, R J, Moore, P W, McCready, S, Hajibagheri, M A, Blight, K J, ...
Mitochondrial DNA of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum comprises approximately 20 copies per cell of a 6 kb genome, arranged mainly as polydisperse linear concatemers. In synchronous blood...
Evans, R D, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Administration of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PAF) did not alter the rate of triacylglycerol entry into the plasma. The gastrointestinal absorption of...
Heesom, K J, Souza, P F, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
The effects of a series of medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12) on glucose metabolism in isolated acini from lactating rat mammary glands have been studied. Hexanoate (C6) octanoate (C8) and decanoate...
Tedstone, A E, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Measurements of the tissue accumulation in vivo and in vitro by hepatocytes and mammary-gland acini of alpha-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate ([1-14C]AIB) were compared in virgin and lactating rats. The...
Evans, R D, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
1. The effects of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine; PAF) on hepatic metabolism in vivo in rats were studied. 2. PAF stimulated synthesis of hepatic lipid...
Da Costa, T H, Williamson, D H
The effects of exogenous insulin or vanadate (an insulin mimetic) on the disposal of dietary [14C]lipid between oxidation to 14CO2, deposition in adipose tissue or uptake by mammary gland and...
Meal-fed (3 h) rats had a decreased food intake, body weight and carcass fat compared with rats fed ad libitum. On refeeding a chow meal containing [1-14C]triolein, the production of 14CO2 was lower...
1. The effects of starvation post partum (24 h) and tumour growth pre partum on the initiation of lactation in the rat were studied. 2. Tumour growth decreased food intake at 24 h, but not at 2 days...
Oller Do Nascimento, C M, Williamson, D H
1. The effects of starvation and refeeding on the disposal of oral [14C]triolein between 14CO2 production and 14C-lipid accumulation in tissues of virgin rats, lactating rats and lactating rats with...
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) was administered to virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats, and subsequent disposal of an oral [1-14C]triolein (glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate) load examined....
Pallardo, F V, Williamson, D H
Meal-fed rats and rats fed ad libitum had similar rates of hepatic glycogen deposition on refeeding with a chow meal. In contrast, the rate of hepatic lipid synthesis (cholesterol plus fatty acids)...
Da Costa, T H, Taylor, K, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
A system for the study of the regulation of the release of triacylglycerols by mammary gland slices was developed. By prelabelling the triacylglycerol pool with [3H]oleate measurements of release of...
Del Prado, M, Da Costa, T H, Williamson, D H
The effect of tri-iodothyronine (T3) administration on the utilization of dietary [14C]lipid by the mammary gland and adipose tissue of lactating and litter-removed rats was studied. (1) After an...
Da Costa, T H, Williamson, D H
The effects of insulin deficiency (streptozotocin-induced) or insulin plus prolactin deficiency on the disposal of orally administered [1-14C]triolein between oxidation to 14CO2, uptake by mammary...
Oller Do Nascimento, C M, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
1. The effects of various treatments to alter either plasma prolactin (bromocryptine administration or removal of litter) or the metabolic activity of the mammary gland (unilateral or complete teat...
Interleukin-1 and lipid metabolism in the rat.
Argilés, J M, Lopez-Soriano, F J, Evans, R D, Williamson, D H
Intravenous administration of a single dose (20 micrograms) of recombinant interleukin-1-beta to virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats rapidly decreased intestinal lipid absorption in all groups....
Argilés, J M, López-Soriano, F J, Wiggins, D, Williamson, D H
The effects of acute administration of either tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) (TNF) or interleukin-1-beta (IL-1), or of tumour growth (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma), on blood amino acid...
Tedstone, A E, Tedoldi, B, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Polymyxin B, a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic, increased blood glucose and lactate, and inhibited the stimulation of lipogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue and lactating mammary gland of...
Jones, R G, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Starvation for 6h and 24h caused an 80% and 95% decrease in the rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis respectively in conscious lactating rats. 2. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased and circulating...
Williamson, D H, Ilic, V, Jones, R G
The rapid stimulation of lipogenesis in mammary gland that occurs on re-feeding starved lactating rats with a chow diet was decreased (60%) by injection of mercaptopicolinic acid, an inhibitor of...
Oller Do Nascimento, C M, Williamson, D H
Production of 14CO2 from an oral load of [1-14C]triolein was greatly decreased (70%) in lactating rats or immediately after (24-48 h) removal of the litter, compared with virgin rats. This decreased...
Temporal changes in circulating insulin concentrations were measured during re-feeding of 18 h-starved lactating rats. Insulin concentrations rose rapidly over the first 20 min of re-feeding with 5 g...
Depression of carbohydrate digestion by oral administration of acarbose, a glucosidase inhibitor, led to a 75% inhibition of the re-activation of lipogenesis in vivo in the mammary gland of 18...
Feeding lactating rats on high-fat cheese crackers in addition to laboratory chow increased the dietary intake of fat from 2 to 20% of the total weight of food eaten and decreased mammary-gland...
Hansson, P, Newsholme, E A, Williamson, D H
The rate of the triacylglycerol/fatty acid substrate cycle was measured in vivo in adipose tissue of virgin and lactating rats with pups removed. The rate decreased by 70% in adipose tissue of...
1. Oral administration of triacylglycerol (triolein) to starved/chow-refed lactating rats suppressed the lipogenic switch-on in the mammary gland in vivo. 2. A time-course study revealed that...
1. The effect of tumour burden on lipid metabolism was examined in virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats. 2. No differences in food intake or plasma insulin concentrations were observed between...
Inhibition of sterol but not fatty acid synthesis by valproate in developing rat brain in vivo.
Bolaños, J P, Medina, J M, Williamson, D H
The effect of administration of valproate on lipogenesis in the developing rat brain in vivo was studied. Valproate inhibited by 21-38% the rate of 3H2O incorporation into brain sterols, without...
Tedstone, A E, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Measurement of the entry rate of an intragastric load of [14C]triolein into the plasma in the presence of Triton WR1339 gave similar values for virgin and weaned rats, but significantly lower values...
Brosnan, M E, Farrell, R, Wilansky, H, Williamson, D H
Starvation caused a marked increase in putrescine content in mammary gland of lactating rats, together with a marked decrease in activity of ornithine decarboxylase and appearance of measurable...
Metabolic effects of vasopressin infusion in the starved rat. Reversal of ketonaemia.
The effects of vasopressin on the metabolism of starved rats were investigated by using a constant-infusion regimen (50 pmol/kg body wt. per min, after an initial loading dose of 150 pmol/kg body...
Diurnal variations in food intake and in lipogenesis in mammary gland and liver of lactating rats.
Despite the hyperphagia, the food intake of the lactating rat showed marked diurnal changes which paralleled those of virgin rats. The major difference was that lactating rats consumed a higher...
Chronic uraemic rats had decreased food intake, and this was accompanied by decreased weight of the epididymal fat-pads and interscapular brown adipose tissue. Normal rats whose food intake was...
Williamson, D H, Ilic, V, Hughes, J
The rate of lipogenesis in rat intestine increased on oral glucose loading and decreased after induction of acute insulin deficiency with streptozotocin. The latter effects could be partially...
Activities of enzymes of acetoacetate metabolism in rat brown adipose tissue during development.
The activities of two mitochondrial enzymes concerned in the utilization of acetoacetate, namely 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, were high throughout the suckling and weanling...
Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in the liver and mammary gland of the lactating rat.
Gibbons, G F, Pullinger, C R, Munday, M R, Williamson, D H
The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34) in the lactating mammary gland of rats killed between 10:00 and 14:30 h was 2-3 times that in the livers of...
Mechanism for the 'anti-lipolytic' action of vasopressin in the starved rat.
The marked decrease in blood non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies after vasopressin infusion into starved rats [Rofe & Williamson (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 231-239] was investigated....
Physiological significance of altered insulin metabolism in the conscious rat during lactation.
Jones, R G, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
Uptake of radioactively labelled insulin by the mammary gland of the rat increased 12-fold in lactation compared with non-lactating controls. This uptake was decreased by the presence of unlabelled...
Brosnan, M E, Ilic, V, Williamson, D H
1. Starvation caused a marked decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland, together with a lesser decrease in the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and a marked...
Roberts, A F, Viña, J R, Munday, M R, Farrell, R, Williamson, D H
1. Administration of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) to lactating rats raised the concentrations of amino acids, and in particular, the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine...
Benito, M, Whitelaw, E, Williamson, D H
The rates of ketogenesis from endogenous substrates, butyrate or oleate, have been measured in isolated hepatocytes from suckling and weanling rats. Ketogenesis from endogenous substrate and from...
Agius, L, Robinson, A M, Girard, J R, Williamson, D H
Removal of pups for 24 h from rats at peak lactation decreased 3H2O incorporation into lipid in vivo in mammary gland by 95%, whereas it was increased in liver (77%) and adipose tissue (330%). These...
Ferré, P, Pégorier, J P, Williamson, D H, Girard, J
Metabolic interactions between fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis were investigated in vivo in 16h-old newborn rats under various nutritional states. As the newborn rat has no white adipose...
Williamson, D H, Ilic, V, Tordoff, A F, Ellington, E V
Vasopressin (10nM) inhibited ketogenesis (56%) in hepatocytes from fed rats when oleate (1 mM) was the substrate, but had no effect with butyrate (10mM). The hormone increased the accumulation of...
Agius, L, Rolls, B J, Rowe, E A, Williamson, D H
In lactating rats fed on a cafeteria diet (chow plus palatable high-energy foods) the decreased glucose uptake and lipogenesis in vitro in acini correlated with the depressed mammary-gland...
Lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue of virgin rats increased 8--10-fold after intragastric feeding with glucose or medium-chain triacylglycerol, and this increase was prevented by short-term insulin...
An intragastric load of medium- or long-chain triacylglycerols inhibited lipogenesis in lactating rat mammary gland in vivo by 82 or 89% respectively. This inhibition was reversed partially by...
Effects of lactation on L-leucine metabolism in the rat. Studies in vivo and in vitro.
1. The turnover rate of L-[1-14C]leucine was increased by 35% in lactating rats compared with virgin rats. Starvation or removal of pups (24 h) returned the value to that of the virgin rat. 2....
1. Lactation is associated with an increase in the arterial blood concentration of L-alanine and L-glutamate, but a decrease in that of L-glutamine compared with the corresponding values for virgin...
Administration of insulin with glucose to starved lactating rats, which activates pyruvate dehydrogenase [M. A. Baxter & H. G. Coore (1978) Biochiem. J. 174, 553-561], restored lipogenesis in mammary...
Edwards, M W, Cawthorne, M A, Williamson, D H
In hepatocytes from lean mice vasopressin decreased ketogenesis and increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate and glucose release; these effects were Ca2+-dependent. None of these effects of...
Metabolic effect of alpha-and the beta-adrenergic stimulation of rat submaxillary gland in vitro.
Thompson, M P, Williamson, D H
1. Incubation of submaxillary-gland slices with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulated glucose removal by 41% and decreased tissue [glucose 6-phosphate] by 50%. Propranolol blocked...
Effects of lactation of ketogenesis from oleate or butyrate in rat hepatocytes.
1. Rates of ketogenesis from endogenous butyrate or oleate were measured in isolated hepatocytes prepared from fed rats during different reproductive states [virgin, pregnant, early-lactating (2-4...
Effects of acetoacetate administration on glucose metabolism in mammary gland of fed lactating rats.
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Administration of acetoactate to fed lactating rats rapidly decreases glucose uptake by the mammary gland, and causes an output of pyruvate, whereas lactate uptake remains unchanged. Similar changes,...
Origins of blood acetate in the rat.
A novel enzymimc cycling assay for the determination of acetate in biological material is described. Measurements of the acetate concentration in blood and liver samples from rats of various ages and...
Hydroxypyruvate as a gluconeogenic substrate in rat hepatocytes.
Williamson, D H, Ellington, E V
At concentrations of 2mM and above hydroxypyruvate produced no glucose with isolated rat liver cells, although it was rapidly utilized. At a lower concentration of hydroxypyruvate or in the presence...
Metabolic interactions of glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline in rat submaxillary gland in vitro.
Thompson, M P, Williamson, D H
1. The metabolic interactions between glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline were studied in submaxillary-gland slices. 2. Acetoacetate (2.5 mM) inhibited glucose removal by 22% and entry of glucose...
Interactions of glucose, acetoacetate and insulin in mammary-gland slices of lactating rats.
Williamson, D H, McKeown, S R, Ilic, V
1. Utilization of 5mM-glucose by slices of lactating mammary gland was decreased 33% on addition of acetoacetate (2mM) to the incubation medium. This inhibition was accompanied by increases in the...
Activities of enzymes involved in acetoacetate utilization in adult mammalian tissues
Williamson, D. H., Bates, Margaret W., Page, M. Ann, Krebs, H. A.
1. The activities in rat tissues of 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (the first enzyme involved in acetoacetate utilization) were found to be highest in kidney and heart. In submaxillary and adrenal glands...
Activities of enzymes of ketone-body utilization in brain and other tissues of suckling rats
Page, M. Ann, Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. The activities of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase in rat brain at birth were found to be about two-thirds of those of adult rat brain, expressed per g wet wt. The...
Ketone-body utilization by adult and suckling rat brain in vivo
Hawkins, R. A., Williamson, D. H., Krebs, H. A.
1. Ketone-body utilization in fed and starved adult and suckling rats has been investigated by measuring arterio-venous differences across the brain. Venous blood was collected from the confluence of...
Metabolic effects of propionate in normal and vitamin B12-deficient rats
Williams, D. L., Spray, G. H., Hems, R., Williamson, D. H.
1. Administration of propionate caused a twofold increase in the concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in the blood of vitamin B12-deficient rats, whereas there was a slight decrease in lactate and...
The effects of physical training on the metabolic response to short-term severe exercise in the rat.
The effect of acetoacetate on plasma insulin concentration
Hawkins, R. A., Houghton, C. R. S., Williamson, D. H., Krebs, H. A.
1. Sodium acetoacetate was infused into the inferior vena cava of fed rats, 48h-starved rats, and fed streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with insulin. Arterial blood was obtained from a femoral...
Effects of ischaemia on metabolite concentrations in rat liver
Brosnan, J. T., Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. Changes in the concentrations of ammonia, glutamine, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alanine, aspartate, malate, lactate, pyruvate, NAD+, NADH and adenine nucleotides...
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Inhibition of glucose uptake by acetoacetate and relief of this inhibition by insulin found previously in slices of rat mammary gland [Williamson, McKeown & Ilic (1975) Biochem. J. 150. 145-152] was...
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Oleate (1mM) had only small inhibitory effects on glucose utilization and lipogenesis in acini isolated from rat mammary gland. Esterification of [1-14C]oleate was unaffected by insulin but were...
Williamson, D. H., Veloso, Dulce, Ellington, E. V., Krebs, H. A.
1. Glycerol and dihydroxyacetone, both antiketogenic and readily metabolized, but differing in their effects on the redox state of the hepatic NAD couples, were given to starved rats and the contents...
Lipogenesis is increased in hepatocytes from fed lactating rats compared with virgin rats. Inhibition of lipogenesis with 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid resulted in increased ketogenesis from...
Inhibition of liver aspartate aminotransferase by L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid in the suckling newborn rat causes a decrease in all gluconeogenic precursors from phosphoenolpyruvate to...
Robinson, A M, Girard, J R, Williamson, D H
Fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland of lactating rats in vivo was 5-fold higher than in the liver. Starvation decreased fatty acid synthesis in the gland 50-fold, whereas refeeding for 2h...
Utlization of D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate for lipogenesis in vivo in lactating rat mammary gland.
Robinson, A M, Williamson, D H
Incorporation of D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate into lipid in vivo suggests that lactating mammary gland is a major site of ketone-body utilization. The incorporation decreases in short-term insulin...
The development of ketogenesis at birth in the rat.
Ferré, P, Pégorier, J P, Williamson, D H, Girard, J R
In the suckling newborn rat, blood ketone bodies begin to increase slowly 4h after birth and then rise sharply between 12 and 16h, whereas the major increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids and...
Turnover rates of ketone bodies in normal, starved and alloxan-diabetic rats
Bates, Margaret W., Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. Rates of appearance and disappearance of total ketone bodies were determined in normal, starved and alloxan-diabetic rats by measuring specific radioactivities and concentrations of blood...
Brock, D. J. H., Williamson, D. H.
1. A diketo acid hydrolase was purified about 100-fold from rat liver and some of its properties were studied. 2. Comparison of its activity with 3,5-dioxohexanoate (triacetate) and...
Activity and intracellular distribution of enzymes of ketone-body metabolism in rat liver
Williamson, D. H., Bates, Margaret W., Krebs, H. A.
1. The activities of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase and lyase in rat liver were found to be two- to 15-fold greater than those reported by other authors under similar conditions. 2. When...
Mutator Activity of Petite Strains of SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Flury, Fred, Von Borstel, R. C., Williamson, D. H.
Petite strains in Saccharomyces exhibit enhanced spontaneous mutation rates of nuclear genes regardless of whether they are cytoplasmically or nuclearly inherited, or whether or not the cytoplasmic...
The effect of calcium ions on the leakage of protein and enzymes from rat-liver slices
Streffer, C., Williamson, D. H.
1. The effects of Ca2+ ions and the nutritional state of the animals on the distribution of soluble protein between the medium, cytoplasmic and particulate fractions after incubation of rat-liver...
Bergmeyer, H. U., Gawehn, K., Klotzsch, H., Krebs, H. A., Williamson, D. H.
1. The purification and crystallization of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from extracts of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides is described. 2. The molecular weight was calculated to be 85000 by...
Williamson, D. H., Lund, Patricia, Krebs, H. A.
1. The concentrations of the oxidized and reduced substrates of the lactate-, β-hydroxybutyrate- and glutamate-dehydrogenase systems were measured in rat livers freeze-clamped as soon as possible...
Williamson, D. H., Lopes-Vieira, Otilia, Walker, Barbara
1. The concentrations of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and serine plus threonine have been measured by enzymic methods in `quick-frozen' livers from normal, starved, alloxan-diabetic and...
Mechanism of Hyperventilation in Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents
Lane, D. J., Rout, M. W., Williamson, D. H.
Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and arterial blood acid-base state were assessed in 19 patients within 24 hours of an acute cerebrovascular accident. Those with haemorrhage into the C.S.F. showed a lower...
Endocrine and metabolic response in the human newborn to first feed of breast milk.
Aynsley-Green, A, Bloom, S R, Williamson, D H, Turner, R C
The hormonal and metabolic response to the first feed of breast milk was studied in 12 infants at 4-6 hours of age. After the feed there was an increase in blood glucose concentration but no changes...
Aynsley-Green, A, Williamson, D H, Gitzelmann, R
In the 13 years since hepatic glycogen synthetase deficiency was first described in identical twins no further cases seem to have been observed. We report a child who had suffered from occasional...
THE TIMING OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS IN THE CELL CYCLE OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Randomly dividing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were briefly exposed to radioactive adenine and then treated successively with dilute acid, ribonuclease, buffered formaldehyde, and NaOH. This...