David A. Sack

Nutrition: Basis for Healthy Children and Mothers in Bangladesh (2008)

Faruque, A.S.G., Ahmed, A.M. Shamsir, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Hossain, Md. Iqbal, Roy, S.K., Alam, Nurul, ...

Recent data from the World Health Organization showed that about 60% of all deaths, occurring among children aged less than five years (under-five children) in developing countries, could be...

Association between climate variability and hospital visits for non-cholera diarrhoea in Bangladesh: effects and vulnerable groups (2007)

Hashizume, Masahiro, Armstrong, Ben, Hajat, Shakoor, Wagatsuma, Yukiko, Faruque, Abu SG, Hayashi, Taiichi, ...

Background We estimated the effects of rainfall and temperature on the number of non-cholera diarrhoea cases and identified population factors potentially affecting vulnerability to the effect of the...

Increasing spectrum in antimicrobial Resistance of shigella isolates in Bangladesh: resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone and decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (2007)

Mahbubur Rahman, Mahbubur, Shoma, Shereen, Rashid, Harunur, Arifeen, Shams El, Baqui, A.H., Siddique, A.K., ...

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Bangladesh, during 2001-2002, was studied and com­pared with that of 1991-1992 to identify the changes in resistance patterns and trends. A...

Improved Indicators of Infant Mortality for Integrated Primary Healthcare Programmes (2007)

Sack, David A., Ahmed, S., Razzaque, Abdur, Chakraborty, J., Yunus, Mohammad

Mortality and fertility rates are decreasing rapidly in many developing countries. It is argued that the indices commonly used as measures of these changes, i.e. infant mortality rate and fertility...

Vulnerability to HIV infection among sex worker and non-sex worker female injecting drug users in Dhaka, Bangladesh: evidence from the baseline survey of a cohort study (2006)

Azim, Tasnim, Chowdhury, Ezazul I, Reza, Masud, Ahmed, Munir, Uddin, Mohammed T, Khan, Repon, ...

Abstract Background: Very little is known about female injecting drug users (IDU) in Bangladesh but anecdotal evidence suggests that they are hidden and very vulnerable to HIV through both their...

Editorial- Herd Protection and Herd Amplification in Cholera (2006)

David A. Sack

Recent analysis of results of the 1985 vaccine trial in Bangladesh showed that a killed oral cholera vaccine could provide herd protection (1), and this finding sheds new light on the potential...

Relationship between neighbourhood-level killed oral cholera vaccine coverage and protective efficacy: evidence for herd immunity (2006)

Emch, Michael, Ali, Mohammad, Park, Jin-Kyung, Yunus, Mohammad, Sack, David A, Clemens, John D

Objectives The effectiveness of vaccines in populations must consider both direct and indirect protection. This study reanalyses data from a large individually randomized oral cholera vaccine trial...

Relationship between neighbourhood-level killed oral cholera vaccine coverage and protective efficacy: evidence for herd immunity (2006)

Emch, Michael, Ali, Mohammad, Park, Jin-Kyung, Yunus, Mohammad, Sack, David A., Clemens, John D.

Objectives The effectiveness of vaccines in populations must consider both direct and indirect protection. This study reanalyses data from a large individually randomized oral cholera vaccine trial...

Detection and characterization of human group C rotaviruses in Bangladesh (2005)

Banik, Sukalyani, Faruque, Abu S G, Taniguchi, Koki, Sack, David A, ...

Group C rotaviruses were detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 14 (2.3%) of 611 group A rotavirus-negative stool specimens from the patients admitted to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal...

Characterization of a novel P[25],G11 human group A rotavirus (2005)

Nahar, Sharifun, Podder, Goutam, Sack, David A, Azim, Tasnim, ...

A novel rotavirus strain (Dhaka6) isolated from a 21-year-old Bangladeshi male patient was characterized by sequence analysis of its VP7 and VP4 gene segments. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene...

Typing of human rotaviruses: Nucleotide mismatches between the VP7 gene and primer are associated with genotyping failure (2005)

Rahman, Mustafizur, Sultana, Rasheda, Podder, Goutam, Faruque, Abu SG, Matthijnssens, Jelle, Zaman, Khalequz, ...

Abstract Background Rotavirus genotyping is performed by using reverse transcription PCR with type-specific-primers. Because the high rotavirus mutation rate generates an extensive genomic variation,...

Typing of human rotaviruses: nucleotide mismatches between the VP7 gene and primer are associated with genotyping failure (2005)

Sultana, Rasheda, Podder, Goutam, Faruque, Abu S G, Zaman, Khalequz, ...

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus genotyping is performed by using reverse transcription PCR with type-specific-primers. Because the high rotavirus mutation rate generates an extensive genomic variation,...

Genetic relatedness of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in south Asia (2004)

Talukder, Kaisar A., Khajanchi, Bijay K., Aminul Islam, M., Dutta, Dilip K., Islam, Zhahirul, Safa, Ashrafus, ...

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the clonal relationships of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from south Asia, and S. dysenteriae 1...

Genetic relatedness of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in south Asia (2004)

Talukder, Kaisar A., Khajanchi, Bijay K., Islam, M. Aminul, Dutta, Dilip K., Islam, Zhahirul, Safa, Ashrafus, ...

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the clonal relationships of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from south Asia, and S. dysenteriae 1...

Diminished diarrheal response to Vibrio cholerae strains carrying the replicative form of the CTX(Phi) genome instead of CTX(Phi) lysogens in adult rabbits (2001)

Faruque, Shah M., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Hasan, A.K.M., Nair, G. Balakrish, Mekalanos, John J., Sack, David A.

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains are lysogens of CTX(Phi), a filamentous bacteriophage which encodes cholera toxin (CT). Following infection of recipient V. cholerae cells by CTX(Phi), the phage...

The O139 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae comprises diverse clones of epidemic and nonepidemic strains derived from multiple V. cholerae O1 or non-O1 progenitors (2000)

Faruque, Shah M., Saha, Manujendra N., Sack, David A., Sack, R. Bradley, Takeda, Yoshifumi, ...

Sixty-four representative strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 were analyzed, to re-examine the origin of this serogroup. Ribotyping differentiated the strains into 3 HindIII and 7 BglI ribotypes. One...

Sunlight-induced propagation of the lysogenic phage encoding cholera toxin (2000)

Faruque, Shah M., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Waldor, Matthew K., Sack, David A.

In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the cholera enterotoxin (CT) is encoded by CTXPhi, a lysogenic bacteriophage. The propagation of this filamentous phage can result in the origination of new toxigenic...

Molecular characterization of a new ribotype of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal associated with an outbreak of cholera in Bangladesh (1999)

Faruque, Shah M., Siddique, A.K., Saha, MN, Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Zaman, K., ...

Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal initially appeared in the southern coastal region of Bangladesh and spread northward, causing explosive epidemics during 1992 and 1993. The resurgence of V. cholerae O139...

Comparison of Vibrio cholerae serotype 01 strains isolated from patients and the aquatic environment (1993)

Huq, Anwarul, Parveen, Salina, Qadri, Firdausi, Sack, David A., Colwell, Rita R.

Vibrio cholerae 01 strains of El Tor and Classical biotypes and Ogawa and Inaba serotypes were isolated from both patients and pond water, the latter used by the patients from whom the V. cholerae 01...

Nonparticipation as a Determinant of Adverse Health Outcomes in a Field Trial of Oral Cholera Vaccines (1992)

Clemens, John D., Rao, Malla, Sack, David A., Ahmed, Faruque, Chakraborty, J., ...

The authors estimated the incidence rates of cholera and death between 1985 and 1988 for 32,642 age- and sex-eligible persons who did not participate in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial...

BREAST FEEDING AND THE RISK OF SEVERE CHOLERA IN RURAL BANGLADESHI CHILDREN (1990)

CLEMENS, JOHN D., SACK, DAVID A., HARRIS, JEFFREY R., KHAN, M. R., CHAKRABORTY, J., CHOWDHURY, SHAHRIAR, ...

The association between breast feeding and the risk of severe cholera was examined in a case-control study of rural Bangladeshi children under 36 months of age who were studied in 1985–1986 during...

Exclusion of Clinically Atypical or Microbiologically Mixed Diarrhoeal Episodes from Outcome Events in a Field Trial of Oral Cholera Vaccines (1989)

CLEMENS, JOHN D, STANTON, BONITA F, HARRIS, JEFFREY R, CHAKRABORTY, J, SACK, DAVID A, RAO, MALLA R, ...

Clemens J D (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Stanton B F, Harris J R, Chakraborty J, Sack D A, Rao M R, Ahmed F, Ansaruzzaman M, Yunus M,...

Discontinuation of breast-feeding during episodes of diarrhoea in rural Bangladeshi children (1988)

Clemens, John D., Harris, Jeffery R., Sack, David A., Huda, Md. N., Chowdhury, Shahriar, Ali, Md, ...

Discontinuation of breast-feeding during an episode of childhood diarrhoea is widely regarded as a common, high-risk practice in the developing world. We studied cessation of breast-feeding in a...

Cross-protection by B subunit-whole cell cholera vaccine against diarrhea associated with heat-labile toxin-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: results of a large-scale field trial (1988)

Clemens, John D., Sack, David A., Harris, Jeffery R., Chakraborty, J., Neogy, P.K., Stanton, B., ...

The B subunit (BS) of cholera toxin and that of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are antigenically similar. We therefore assessed whether a combined cholera...

Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results of one year of follow-up (1988)

Clemens, John D., Harris, Jeffery R., Sack, David A., Chakraborty, J., Ahmed, Faruque, Stanton, Bonita F., ...

We assessed the protective efficacy (PE) of three doses of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines in a randomized, double-blind trial among 62,285...

Impact of B subunit killed whole-cell and killed whole-cell-only oral vaccines against cholera upon treated diarrhoeal illness and mortality in an area endemic for cholera (1988)

Clemens, John D., Sack, David A., Harris, Jeffery R., Chakraborty, J., Khan, M.R., Stanton, Bonita F., ...

The impact of B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines was assessed in a randomised double-blind trial in rural Bangladesh. 62,285 children aged 2-15...

B subunit-whole cell and whole cell-only oral vaccines against cholera: studies on reactogenicity and immunogenicity (1987)

Clemens, John D., Stanton, Bonita F., Chakraborty, J., Sack, David A., Khan, M.R., Huda, S., ...

We conducted a randomized trial among persons in rural Bangladesh to evaluate the side effects and immunogenicity of orally administered B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only...

Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh (1986)

Clemens, John D., Sack, David A., Harris, Jeffery R., Chakraborty, J., Khan, M.R., Stanton, Bonita F., ...

The protective efficacy of oral B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell (WC) cholera vaccines was assessed in 63 498 Bangladeshi children aged 2-15 years and women aged over 15...

Mucosal antitoxic and antibacterial immunity after cholera disease and after immunization with a combined B subunit-whole cell vaccine (1984)

Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, Jertborn, Marianne, Gothefors, Leif, Sack, David A., Holmgren, Jan

Mucosal and systemic immune responses to a new oral cholera vaccine, consisting of the B subunit plus killed vibrios, were studied in Bangladeshi volunteers and compared with those to clinical...

Rotavirus diarrhoea: an expanding clinical spectrum (1983)

Clemens, John D., Ahmed, Mosifuddin, Butler, Thomas, Greenough III, William B., Sack, David A., Stanton, Bonita F.

To explore the clinical spectrum of rotavirus diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children, we reviewed surveillance data from randomly selected diarrhoeal cases who were intensively studied at the...

Carbohydrate malabsorption in infants with rotavirus diarrhea (1982)

Sack, David A., Rhoads, Marc, Molla, Ayesha, Molla, A. Majid, Wahed, M. Abdul

We studied a group of patients with rotavirus diarrhea to determine the association of carbohydrate malabsorption during diarrhea with the degree of acidosis and severity of purging. Unlike...

The use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of cholera and other severe acute watery diarrheal diseases (1982)

Islam, M.R., Sack, David A., Holmgren, Jan, Bardhan, P.K., Rabbani, G.H.

Four hundred and ten patients with severe watery diarrhea; including 316 patients with cholera, were studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial to determine if chlorpromazine (1...

Stool electrolyte content and purging rates in diarrhea caused by rotavirus, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and V. cholerae in children (1981)

Molla, A. Majid, Rahman, Mizanur, Sarker, S. Alam, Sack, David A., Molla, Ayesha

One hundred twenty children below 5 years of age with diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, or rotavirus were studied for stool electrolyte composition and purging...

Glucose vs sucrose in oral rehydration solutions for infants and young children with rotavirus-associated diarrhea (1981)

Black, Robert E., Merson, Michael H., Taylor, Philip R., Yolken, Robert H., Sack, David A.

The use of oral rehydration solutions containing essential electrolytes and either glucose or sucrose of equal osmolality was compared in a double-blind sequential trial of 784 children with...

Immunobead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitating immunoglobulin A in human secretions and serum (1980)

Sack, David A., Neogi, P.K.B., Alam, Md. Khorshed

We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitating human immunoglobulin A in human secretions and serum. The procedure uses Immunobeads as the solid phase, has a sensitivity of...

Seroepidemiology of rotavirus infection in rural Bangladesh (1980)

Sack, David A., Gilman, Robert H., Kapikian, A.Z., Aziz, K.M.S.

A prospective seroepidemiological study of rotavirus infection was performed in children in a village in rural Bangladesh. Ninety-three percent of the children had detectable antibodies during the...

Microtiter ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vibrio and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins and antitoxin (1980)

Sack, David A., Huda, S., Neogi, P.K.B., Daniel, Richard R., Spira, William M.

We have developed a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for detecting the heat-labile enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli using GM1 ganglioside as the base coat. This...

Oral therapy in children with cholera: a comparison of sucrose and glucose electrolyte solutions (1980)

Sack, David A., Islam, Sirajul, Brown, Kenneth H., Islam, Asma, ...

We performed a double-blind trial comparing sucrose electrolyte oral solution with glucose electrolyte oral solution in children less than 5 years of age with severe cholera-like diarrhea. Of 111...

Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk virus in various countries (1979)

Greenberg, Harry B., Valdesuso, Jose, Kapikian, Albert Z., Chanock, Robert M., Wyatt, Richard G., Szmuness, Wyatt Wolf, ...

Serum samples from children and adults from several countries were tested by radioimmunoassay for antibody to the Norwalk virus. Antibody was commonly found in adults from all the countries tested....

Solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test for detection of antibodies to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (1979)

Greenberg, Harry B., Levine, Myron M., Merson, Michael H., Sack, R. Bradley, Sack, David A., Valdesuso, Jose R., ...

The development of a solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test to detect serum antibody to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin is described. The assay is easy to perform and...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients at a hospital in Dacca (1977)

Sack, David A., McLaughlin, James C., Sack, R. Bradely, Orskov, Frits, Orskov, Ida

Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, a significant cause of acute, watery, cholera-like diarrhea, were isolated from 23 of 65 patients with diarrhea in whom no other enteric pathogens were...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Reovirus-like agent in rural Bangladesh (1976)

Ryder, Robert W., Sack, David A., Kapikian, Albert Z., McLaughlin, James C., Chakraborty, Jyotsnamony, Rahman, A.S. Mizanur, ...

48 patients admitted to a rural Bangladesh hospital with dehydration secondary to diarrhea were examined for infection caused by (R.L.A.) reovirus-like agent or (E.T.E.C.) enterotoxigenic Escherichia...

Molecular Characterization of a New Ribotype of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal Associated with an Outbreak of Cholera in Bangladesh

Faruque, Shah M., Siddique, A. K., Saha, Manujendra N., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Zaman, K., ...

Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal initially appeared in the southern coastal region of Bangladesh and spread northward, causing explosive epidemics during 1992 and 1993. The resurgence of V. cholerae O139...

Altering Trends in the Dominance of Shigella flexneri Serotypes and Emergence of Serologically Atypical S. flexneri Strains in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Dutta, Dilip K., Safa, Ashrafus, Ansaruzzaman, M., Hassan, Ferdaus, Alam, Khorshed, ...

Of 469 recently isolated Shigella flexneri strains, 452 agglutinated with Shigella flexneri-specific monoclonal antibodies. Of these, 396 could be assigned to 10 of the currently recognized 15...

Development of a Novel In Vitro Assay (ALS Assay) for Evaluation of Vaccine-Induced Antibody Secretion from Circulating Mucosal Lymphocytes

Chang, H. Sunny, Sack, David A.

We describe here a novel method for measuring in vitro antibody secretion from the tissue culture of human B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after oral vaccination with a...

Sunlight-Induced Propagation of the Lysogenic Phage Encoding Cholera Toxin

Faruque, Shah M., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Waldor, Matthew K., Sack, David A.

In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the cholera enterotoxin (CT) is encoded by CTXΦ, a lysogenic bacteriophage. The propagation of this filamentous phage can result in the origination of new toxigenic...

Construction and Characterization of Genetically Defined aro omp Mutants of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Preliminary Studies of Safety and Immunogenicity in Humans

Turner, Arthur K., Terry, Tamsin D., Sack, David A., Londoño-Arcila, Patricia, Darsley, Michael J.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in travelers to countries where the disease is endemic and causes a major disease burden in the indigenous population,...

Diminished Diarrheal Response to Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying the Replicative Form of the CTXΦ Genome instead of CTXΦ Lysogens in Adult Rabbits

Faruque, Shah M., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Nair, G. Balakrish, Mekalanos, John J., Sack, David A.

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains are lysogens of CTXΦ, a filamentous bacteriophage which encodes cholera toxin (CT). Following infection of recipient V. cholerae cells by CTXΦ, the phage genome...

Enterotoxin-Specific Immunoglobulin E Responses in Humans after Infection or Vaccination with Diarrhea-Causing Enteropathogens

Qadri, Firdausi, Asaduzzaman, Muhammad, Wennerås, Christine, Mohi, Golam, Albert, M. John, Abdus Salam, Mohammad, ...

Cholera toxin (CT)-specific antibody responses of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) isotype in the sera of adult patients suffering from infection with either Vibrio cholerae O1, V. cholerae O139, or...

Microtiter Assay for Detecting Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter pylori with Surface Gangliosides Which Bind Cholera Toxin

Sack, David A., Lastovica, Albert J., Chang, Sunny H., Pazzaglia, Gary

Campylobacter jejuni with Gm1 ganglioside in the core of its lipopolysaccharide has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Since this epitope may be of considerable pathophysiologic...

Validation of a Volunteer Model of Cholera with Frozen Bacteria as the Challenge

Sack, David A., Tacket, Carol O., Cohen, Mitchell B., Sack, R. Bradley, Losonsky, Genevieve A., Shimko, Janet, ...

To evaluate a standardized inoculum of Vibrio cholerae for volunteer challenge studies, 40 healthy adult volunteers were challenged at three different institutions with a standard inoculum prepared...

Prevalence of the Pandemic Genotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Significance of Its Distribution across Different Serotypes

Bhuiyan, N. A., Ansaruzzaman, M., Kamruzzaman, M., Alam, Khorshed, Chowdhury, N. R., Nishibuchi, M., ...

Sixty-six strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus belonging to 14 serotypes were isolated from hospitalized patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 1998 to December 2000. Among these, 48 strains...

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Serologically Atypical Strains of Shigella flexneri Type 4 Isolated in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Islam, M. Aminul, Dutta, Dilip K., Hassan, Ferdaus, Safa, Ashrafus, Nair, G. B., ...

Twenty-one atypical Shigella flexneri type 4 strains isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, were...

Isolation of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 and S. flexneri Strains from Surface Waters in Bangladesh: Comparative Molecular Analysis of Environmental Shigella Isolates versus Clinical Strains

Faruque, Shah M., Khan, Rasel, Kamruzzaman, M., Yamasaki, Shinji, Ahmad, Q. Shafi, Azim, Tasnim, ...

Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella species is a public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. Although, shigellae-contaminated food and drinks are often the source of the...

RS1 Element of Vibrio cholerae Can Propagate Horizontally as a Filamentous Phage Exploiting the Morphogenesis Genes of CTXΦ

Faruque, Shah M., Kamruzzaman, M., Nandi, Ranjan K., Ghosh, A. N., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin is encoded by the CTX prophage, which consists of a core region carrying ctxAB genes and genes required for CTXΦ morphogenesis, and an RS2 region encoding...

New Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor with Attributes of the Classical Biotype from Hospitalized Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Bangladesh

Nair, G. Balakrish, Faruque, Shah M., Bhuiyan, N. A., Kamruzzaman, M., Siddique, A. K., Sack, David A.

The sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, which was progressively replaced by the El Tor biotype representing...

Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island

Faruque, Shah M., Kamruzzaman, M., Meraj, Ismail M., Chowdhury, Nityananda, Nair, G. Balakrish, Sack, R. Bradley, ...

The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization...

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Provisional Serotype Shigella flexneri 1c and Clonal Relationships with 1a and 1b Strains Isolated in Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Islam, Zhahirul, Aminul Islam, M., Dutta, Dilip K., Safa, Ashrafus, Ansaruzzaman, M., ...

The serotypes of 144 strains of Shigella flexneri serotype 1 (serotypes 1a, 1b, and 1c) isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease...

Use of Dipsticks for Rapid Diagnosis of Cholera Caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 from Rectal Swabs

Bhuiyan, N. A., Qadri, Firdausi, Faruque, A. S. G., Malek, M. A, Salam, M. A., Nato, Farida, ...

We evaluated the recently developed dipsticks for the rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae serotypes O1 and O139 from rectal swabs of hospitalized diarrheal patients after enrichment for 4 h in...

Temporal Shifts in the Dominance of Serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Islam, M. Aminul, Khajanchi, Bijay K., Dutta, Dilip K., Islam, Zhahirul, Safa, Ashrafus, ...

A total of 358 Shigella dysenteriae strains isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, between the years 1999...

Solid-Phase Microtiter Radioimmunoassay Blocking Test for Detection of Antibodies to Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin

Greenberg, Harry B., Levine, Myron M., Merson, Michael H., Sack, R. Bradley, Sack, David A., Valdesuso, Jose R., ...

The development of a solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test to detect serum antibody to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin is described. The assay is easy to perform and...

Reduction of cholera in Bangladeshi villages by simple filtration

Colwell, Rita R., Huq, Anwar, Islam, M. Sirajul, Aziz, K. M. A., Yunus, M., Khan, N. Huda, ...

Based on results of ecological studies demonstrating that Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of epidemic cholera, is commensal to zooplankton, notably copepods, a simple filtration procedure was...

CTXΦ-independent production of the RS1 satellite phage by Vibrio cholerae

Faruque, Shah M., Kamruzzaman, M., Sack, David A., Mekalanos, John J., Nair, G. Balakrish

The cholera toxin genes of Vibrio cholerae are encoded by the filamentous phage, CTXΦ. Chromosomal CTXΦ prophage DNA is often found flanked by copies of a related genetic element designated RS1,...

Emergence and evolution of Vibrio cholerae O139

Faruque, Shah M., Sack, David A., Sack, R. Bradley, Colwell, Rita R., Takeda, Yoshifumi, Nair, G. Balakrish

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal during 1992–1993 was associated with large epidemics of cholera in India and Bangladesh and, initially, with a total displacement of the existing V....

Shigella dysenteriae Type 1-Specific Bacteriophage from Environmental Waters in Bangladesh

Faruque, Shah M., Chowdhury, Nityananda, Khan, Rasel, Hasan, M. Rubayet, Nahar, Jebun, Islam, M. Johirul, ...

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 is the causative agent of the most severe form of bacillary dysentery, which occurs as epidemics in many developing countries. We isolated a bacteriophage from surface...

Single-Dose Doxycycline for Cholera

Sack, David A., Islam, Sirajul, Rabbani, Hassan, Islam, Asma

To determine the efficacy of single-dose doxycycline in the treatment of cholera, we carried out a randomized prospective trial in 65 patients. Treatment consisted of either a single dose of 200 mg...

Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area

Faruque, Shah M., Chowdhury, Nityananda, Kamruzzaman, M., Dziejman, Michelle, Rahman, M. Hasibur, Sack, David A., ...

To understand the evolutionary events and possible selection mechanisms involved in the emergence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, we analyzed diverse strains of V. cholerae isolated from environmental...

Use of Antibodies in Lymphocyte Secretions for Detection of Subclinical Tuberculosis Infection in Asymptomatic Contacts

Raqib, Rubhana, Kamal, S. M. Mostafa, Rahman, M. Jubayer, Rahim, Zeaur, Banu, Sayera, Bardhan, Pradip K., ...

We have previously demonstrated that Mycobacterium bovis BCG-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in lymphocyte secretions (ALS) can be employed as a marker for active tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to...

Diverse CTX Phages among Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an Area Where Cholera is Endemic in Bangladesh

Nusrin, Suraia, Khan, G. Yeahia, Bhuiyan, N. A., Ansaruzzaman, M., Hossain, M. A., Safa, Ashrafus, ...

PCR surveillance of the rstR genes of CTX phages in Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 showed no relationship between the incidence of disease and changes in the rstR but showed variations in their presence...

Seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages

Faruque, Shah M., Naser, Iftekhar Bin, Islam, M. Johirul, Faruque, A. S. G., Ghosh, A. N., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

The relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of Vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent O1 and O139...

Genomic Relatedness of the New Matlab Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 to the Classical and El Tor Biotypes as Determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Safa, Ashrafus, Bhuiyan, Nurul Amin, Alam, Munirul, Sack, David A., Nair, G. Balakrish

The genomes of the recently described Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 that are hybrids between classical and El Tor biotypes were compared with those of El Tor and classical biotypes by the use...

Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: Role of host-mediated amplification of phage

Faruque, Shah M., Islam, M. Johirul, Ahmad, Qazi Shafi, Faruque, A. S. G., Sack, David A., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

Phage predation of Vibrio cholerae has recently been reported to be a factor that influences seasonal epidemics of cholera in Bangladesh. To understand more about this phenomenon, we studied the...

Pandemic Serovars (O3:K6 and O4:K68) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Associated with Diarrhea in Mozambique: Spread of the Pandemic into the African Continent

Ansaruzzaman, M., Lucas, Marcelino, Deen, Jacqueline L., Bhuiyan, N. A., Wang, Xuan-Yi, Safa, Ashrafus, ...

Forty-two episodes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections were detected in Beira, Mozambique, from January to May 2004. The majority of the isolates (81%) belonged to the pandemic serovars (O3:K6 and...

Characterization of a Novel P[25],G11 Human Group A Rotavirus

Rahman, Mustafizur, Matthijnssens, Jelle, Nahar, Sharifun, Podder, Goutam, Sack, David A., Azim, Tasnim, ...

A novel rotavirus strain (Dhaka6) isolated from a 21-year-old Bangladeshi male patient was characterized by sequence analysis of its VP7 and VP4 gene segments. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene...

Critical Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the Environment of Bangladesh

Huq, Anwar, Sack, R. Bradley, Nizam, Azhar, Longini, Ira M., Nair, G. Balakrish, Ali, Afsar, ...

The occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in Africa in 1970 and in Latin America in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype Vibrio cholerae O139 in India and...

Reduction in Capsular Content and Enhanced Bacterial Susceptibility to Serum Killing of Vibrio cholerae O139 Associated with the 2002 Cholera Epidemic in Bangladesh

Qadri, Firdausi, Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, Shamsuzzaman, Sohel, Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman, Harris, Jason B., Ghosh, A. N., ...

Vibrio cholerae O139 emerged in 1992 as a major cause of epidemic cholera. However, the incidence of disease due to this new serogroup subsequently decreased for almost a decade. In April 2002, there...

Detection and Characterization of Human Group C Rotaviruses in Bangladesh

Rahman, Mustafizur, Banik, Sukalyani, Faruque, Abu S. G., Taniguchi, Koki, Sack, David A., Van Ranst, Marc, ...

Group C rotaviruses were detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 14 (2.3%) of 611 group A rotavirus-negative stool specimens from the patients admitted to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal...

Blood Group, Immunity, and Risk of Infection with Vibrio cholerae in an Area of Endemicity

Harris, Jason B., Khan, Ashraful I., LaRocque, Regina C., Dorer, David J., Chowdhury, Fahima, Faruque, Abu S. G., ...

Individuals with blood group O are more susceptible than other individuals to severe cholera, although the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. To assess the respective roles of both...

Comparative Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Attenuated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Strains in Healthy Adults

McKenzie, Robin, Bourgeois, A. Louis, Engstrom, Fayette, Hall, Eric, Chang, H. Sunny, Gomes, Joseph G., ...

A vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is needed to prevent diarrheal illness among children in developing countries and at-risk travelers. Two live attenuated ETEC strains, PTL002...

Effect of Transport at Ambient Temperature on Detection and Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from Environmental Samples

Alam, Munirul, Sadique, Abdus, Bhuiyan, Nurul A., Nair, G. Balakrish, Siddique, A. K., ...

It has long been assumed that prolonged holding of environmental samples at the ambient air temperature prior to bacteriological analysis is detrimental to isolation and detection of Vibrio cholerae,...

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in the Aquatic Environment of Mathbaria, Bangladesh

Alam, Munirul, Sultana, Marzia, Nair, G. Balakrish, Sack, R. Bradley, Sack, David A., Siddique, A. K., ...

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, rarely isolated from the aquatic environment between cholera epidemics, can be detected in what is now understood to be a dormant stage, i.e., viable but nonculturable when...

Transmissibility of cholera: In vivo-formed biofilms and their relationship to infectivity and persistence in the environment

Faruque, Shah M., Biswas, Kuntal, Udden, S. M. Nashir, Ahmad, Qazi Shafi, Sack, David A., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the epidemic strain in nature are unclear. Although the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera is known to be transmitted...

Seasonal Cholera Caused by Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 in the Coastal Aquatic Environment of Bangladesh

Alam, Munirul, Hasan, Nur A., Sadique, Abdus, Bhuiyan, N. A., Ahmed, Kabir U., Nusrin, Suraia, ...

Since Vibrio cholerae O139 first appeared in 1992, both O1 El Tor and O139 have been recognized as the epidemic serogroups, although their geographic distribution, endemicity, and reservoir are not...

Improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic

Raqib, Rubhana, Sarker, Protim, Bergman, Peter, Ara, Gul, Lindh, Monica, Sack, David A., ...

Shigella is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and growth retardation for children in developing countries. Emergence of antibiotic resistance among Shigellae demands the development of effective...

Molecular Characterization of a New Ribotype of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal Associated with an Outbreak of Cholera in Bangladesh

Faruque, Shah M., Siddique, A. K., Saha, Manujendra N., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Zaman, K., ...

Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal initially appeared in the southern coastal region of Bangladesh and spread northward, causing explosive epidemics during 1992 and 1993. The resurgence of V. cholerae O139...

Altering Trends in the Dominance of Shigella flexneri Serotypes and Emergence of Serologically Atypical S. flexneri Strains in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Dutta, Dilip K., Safa, Ashrafus, Ansaruzzaman, M., Hassan, Ferdaus, Alam, Khorshed, ...

Of 469 recently isolated Shigella flexneri strains, 452 agglutinated with Shigella flexneri-specific monoclonal antibodies. Of these, 396 could be assigned to 10 of the currently recognized 15...

Development of a Novel In Vitro Assay (ALS Assay) for Evaluation of Vaccine-Induced Antibody Secretion from Circulating Mucosal Lymphocytes

Chang, H. Sunny, Sack, David A.

We describe here a novel method for measuring in vitro antibody secretion from the tissue culture of human B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after oral vaccination with a...

Sunlight-Induced Propagation of the Lysogenic Phage Encoding Cholera Toxin

Faruque, Shah M., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Waldor, Matthew K., Sack, David A.

In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the cholera enterotoxin (CT) is encoded by CTXΦ, a lysogenic bacteriophage. The propagation of this filamentous phage can result in the origination of new toxigenic...

Construction and Characterization of Genetically Defined aro omp Mutants of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Preliminary Studies of Safety and Immunogenicity in Humans

Turner, Arthur K., Terry, Tamsin D., Sack, David A., Londoño-Arcila, Patricia, Darsley, Michael J.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in travelers to countries where the disease is endemic and causes a major disease burden in the indigenous population,...

Diminished Diarrheal Response to Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying the Replicative Form of the CTXΦ Genome instead of CTXΦ Lysogens in Adult Rabbits

Faruque, Shah M., Rahman, M. Mostafizur, Nair, G. Balakrish, Mekalanos, John J., Sack, David A.

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains are lysogens of CTXΦ, a filamentous bacteriophage which encodes cholera toxin (CT). Following infection of recipient V. cholerae cells by CTXΦ, the phage genome...

Enterotoxin-Specific Immunoglobulin E Responses in Humans after Infection or Vaccination with Diarrhea-Causing Enteropathogens

Qadri, Firdausi, Asaduzzaman, Muhammad, Wennerås, Christine, Mohi, Golam, Albert, M. John, Abdus Salam, Mohammad, ...

Cholera toxin (CT)-specific antibody responses of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) isotype in the sera of adult patients suffering from infection with either Vibrio cholerae O1, V. cholerae O139, or...

Microtiter Assay for Detecting Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter pylori with Surface Gangliosides Which Bind Cholera Toxin

Sack, David A., Lastovica, Albert J., Chang, Sunny H., Pazzaglia, Gary

Campylobacter jejuni with Gm1 ganglioside in the core of its lipopolysaccharide has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Since this epitope may be of considerable pathophysiologic...

Validation of a Volunteer Model of Cholera with Frozen Bacteria as the Challenge

Sack, David A., Tacket, Carol O., Cohen, Mitchell B., Sack, R. Bradley, Losonsky, Genevieve A., Shimko, Janet, ...

To evaluate a standardized inoculum of Vibrio cholerae for volunteer challenge studies, 40 healthy adult volunteers were challenged at three different institutions with a standard inoculum prepared...

Prevalence of the Pandemic Genotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Significance of Its Distribution across Different Serotypes

Bhuiyan, N. A., Ansaruzzaman, M., Kamruzzaman, M., Alam, Khorshed, Chowdhury, N. R., Nishibuchi, M., ...

Sixty-six strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus belonging to 14 serotypes were isolated from hospitalized patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 1998 to December 2000. Among these, 48 strains...

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Serologically Atypical Strains of Shigella flexneri Type 4 Isolated in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Islam, M. Aminul, Dutta, Dilip K., Hassan, Ferdaus, Safa, Ashrafus, Nair, G. B., ...

Twenty-one atypical Shigella flexneri type 4 strains isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, were...

Isolation of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 and S. flexneri Strains from Surface Waters in Bangladesh: Comparative Molecular Analysis of Environmental Shigella Isolates versus Clinical Strains

Faruque, Shah M., Khan, Rasel, Kamruzzaman, M., Yamasaki, Shinji, Ahmad, Q. Shafi, Azim, Tasnim, ...

Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella species is a public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. Although, shigellae-contaminated food and drinks are often the source of the...

RS1 Element of Vibrio cholerae Can Propagate Horizontally as a Filamentous Phage Exploiting the Morphogenesis Genes of CTXΦ

Faruque, Shah M., Kamruzzaman, M., Nandi, Ranjan K., Ghosh, A. N., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin is encoded by the CTX prophage, which consists of a core region carrying ctxAB genes and genes required for CTXΦ morphogenesis, and an RS2 region encoding...

New Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor with Attributes of the Classical Biotype from Hospitalized Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Bangladesh

Nair, G. Balakrish, Faruque, Shah M., Bhuiyan, N. A., Kamruzzaman, M., Siddique, A. K., Sack, David A.

The sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, which was progressively replaced by the El Tor biotype representing...

Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island

Faruque, Shah M., Kamruzzaman, M., Meraj, Ismail M., Chowdhury, Nityananda, Nair, G. Balakrish, Sack, R. Bradley, ...

The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization...

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Provisional Serotype Shigella flexneri 1c and Clonal Relationships with 1a and 1b Strains Isolated in Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Islam, Zhahirul, Aminul Islam, M., Dutta, Dilip K., Safa, Ashrafus, Ansaruzzaman, M., ...

The serotypes of 144 strains of Shigella flexneri serotype 1 (serotypes 1a, 1b, and 1c) isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease...

Use of Dipsticks for Rapid Diagnosis of Cholera Caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 from Rectal Swabs

Bhuiyan, N. A., Qadri, Firdausi, Faruque, A. S. G., Malek, M. A, Salam, M. A., Nato, Farida, ...

We evaluated the recently developed dipsticks for the rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae serotypes O1 and O139 from rectal swabs of hospitalized diarrheal patients after enrichment for 4 h in...

Temporal Shifts in the Dominance of Serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Talukder, Kaisar A., Islam, M. Aminul, Khajanchi, Bijay K., Dutta, Dilip K., Islam, Zhahirul, Safa, Ashrafus, ...

A total of 358 Shigella dysenteriae strains isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, between the years 1999...

Solid-Phase Microtiter Radioimmunoassay Blocking Test for Detection of Antibodies to Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin

Greenberg, Harry B., Levine, Myron M., Merson, Michael H., Sack, R. Bradley, Sack, David A., Valdesuso, Jose R., ...

The development of a solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test to detect serum antibody to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin is described. The assay is easy to perform and...

Reduction of cholera in Bangladeshi villages by simple filtration

Colwell, Rita R., Huq, Anwar, Islam, M. Sirajul, Aziz, K. M. A., Yunus, M., Khan, N. Huda, ...

Based on results of ecological studies demonstrating that Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of epidemic cholera, is commensal to zooplankton, notably copepods, a simple filtration procedure was...

CTXΦ-independent production of the RS1 satellite phage by Vibrio cholerae

Faruque, Shah M., Kamruzzaman, M., Sack, David A., Mekalanos, John J., Nair, G. Balakrish

The cholera toxin genes of Vibrio cholerae are encoded by the filamentous phage, CTXΦ. Chromosomal CTXΦ prophage DNA is often found flanked by copies of a related genetic element designated RS1,...

Emergence and evolution of Vibrio cholerae O139

Faruque, Shah M., Sack, David A., Sack, R. Bradley, Colwell, Rita R., Takeda, Yoshifumi, Nair, G. Balakrish

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal during 1992–1993 was associated with large epidemics of cholera in India and Bangladesh and, initially, with a total displacement of the existing V....

Shigella dysenteriae Type 1-Specific Bacteriophage from Environmental Waters in Bangladesh

Faruque, Shah M., Chowdhury, Nityananda, Khan, Rasel, Hasan, M. Rubayet, Nahar, Jebun, Islam, M. Johirul, ...

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 is the causative agent of the most severe form of bacillary dysentery, which occurs as epidemics in many developing countries. We isolated a bacteriophage from surface...

Single-Dose Doxycycline for Cholera

Sack, David A., Islam, Sirajul, Rabbani, Hassan, Islam, Asma

To determine the efficacy of single-dose doxycycline in the treatment of cholera, we carried out a randomized prospective trial in 65 patients. Treatment consisted of either a single dose of 200 mg...

Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area

Faruque, Shah M., Chowdhury, Nityananda, Kamruzzaman, M., Dziejman, Michelle, Rahman, M. Hasibur, Sack, David A., ...

To understand the evolutionary events and possible selection mechanisms involved in the emergence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, we analyzed diverse strains of V. cholerae isolated from environmental...

Use of Antibodies in Lymphocyte Secretions for Detection of Subclinical Tuberculosis Infection in Asymptomatic Contacts

Raqib, Rubhana, Kamal, S. M. Mostafa, Rahman, M. Jubayer, Rahim, Zeaur, Banu, Sayera, Bardhan, Pradip K., ...

We have previously demonstrated that Mycobacterium bovis BCG-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in lymphocyte secretions (ALS) can be employed as a marker for active tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to...

Diverse CTX Phages among Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an Area Where Cholera is Endemic in Bangladesh

Nusrin, Suraia, Khan, G. Yeahia, Bhuiyan, N. A., Ansaruzzaman, M., Hossain, M. A., Safa, Ashrafus, ...

PCR surveillance of the rstR genes of CTX phages in Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 showed no relationship between the incidence of disease and changes in the rstR but showed variations in their presence...

Seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages

Faruque, Shah M., Naser, Iftekhar Bin, Islam, M. Johirul, Faruque, A. S. G., Ghosh, A. N., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

The relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of Vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent O1 and O139...

Genomic Relatedness of the New Matlab Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 to the Classical and El Tor Biotypes as Determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Safa, Ashrafus, Bhuiyan, Nurul Amin, Alam, Munirul, Sack, David A., Nair, G. Balakrish

The genomes of the recently described Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 that are hybrids between classical and El Tor biotypes were compared with those of El Tor and classical biotypes by the use...

Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: Role of host-mediated amplification of phage

Faruque, Shah M., Islam, M. Johirul, Ahmad, Qazi Shafi, Faruque, A. S. G., Sack, David A., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

Phage predation of Vibrio cholerae has recently been reported to be a factor that influences seasonal epidemics of cholera in Bangladesh. To understand more about this phenomenon, we studied the...

Pandemic Serovars (O3:K6 and O4:K68) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Associated with Diarrhea in Mozambique: Spread of the Pandemic into the African Continent

Ansaruzzaman, M., Lucas, Marcelino, Deen, Jacqueline L., Bhuiyan, N. A., Wang, Xuan-Yi, Safa, Ashrafus, ...

Forty-two episodes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections were detected in Beira, Mozambique, from January to May 2004. The majority of the isolates (81%) belonged to the pandemic serovars (O3:K6 and...

Characterization of a Novel P[25],G11 Human Group A Rotavirus

Rahman, Mustafizur, Matthijnssens, Jelle, Nahar, Sharifun, Podder, Goutam, Sack, David A., Azim, Tasnim, ...

A novel rotavirus strain (Dhaka6) isolated from a 21-year-old Bangladeshi male patient was characterized by sequence analysis of its VP7 and VP4 gene segments. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene...

Critical Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the Environment of Bangladesh

Huq, Anwar, Sack, R. Bradley, Nizam, Azhar, Longini, Ira M., Nair, G. Balakrish, Ali, Afsar, ...

The occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in Africa in 1970 and in Latin America in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype Vibrio cholerae O139 in India and...

Reduction in Capsular Content and Enhanced Bacterial Susceptibility to Serum Killing of Vibrio cholerae O139 Associated with the 2002 Cholera Epidemic in Bangladesh

Qadri, Firdausi, Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, Shamsuzzaman, Sohel, Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman, Harris, Jason B., Ghosh, A. N., ...

Vibrio cholerae O139 emerged in 1992 as a major cause of epidemic cholera. However, the incidence of disease due to this new serogroup subsequently decreased for almost a decade. In April 2002, there...

Detection and Characterization of Human Group C Rotaviruses in Bangladesh

Rahman, Mustafizur, Banik, Sukalyani, Faruque, Abu S. G., Taniguchi, Koki, Sack, David A., Van Ranst, Marc, ...

Group C rotaviruses were detected by reverse transcription-PCR in 14 (2.3%) of 611 group A rotavirus-negative stool specimens from the patients admitted to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal...

Blood Group, Immunity, and Risk of Infection with Vibrio cholerae in an Area of Endemicity

Harris, Jason B., Khan, Ashraful I., LaRocque, Regina C., Dorer, David J., Chowdhury, Fahima, Faruque, Abu S. G., ...

Individuals with blood group O are more susceptible than other individuals to severe cholera, although the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. To assess the respective roles of both...

Comparative Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Attenuated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Strains in Healthy Adults

McKenzie, Robin, Bourgeois, A. Louis, Engstrom, Fayette, Hall, Eric, Chang, H. Sunny, Gomes, Joseph G., ...

A vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is needed to prevent diarrheal illness among children in developing countries and at-risk travelers. Two live attenuated ETEC strains, PTL002...

Effect of Transport at Ambient Temperature on Detection and Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from Environmental Samples

Alam, Munirul, Sadique, Abdus, Bhuiyan, Nurul A., Nair, G. Balakrish, Siddique, A. K., ...

It has long been assumed that prolonged holding of environmental samples at the ambient air temperature prior to bacteriological analysis is detrimental to isolation and detection of Vibrio cholerae,...

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in the Aquatic Environment of Mathbaria, Bangladesh

Alam, Munirul, Sultana, Marzia, Nair, G. Balakrish, Sack, R. Bradley, Sack, David A., Siddique, A. K., ...

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, rarely isolated from the aquatic environment between cholera epidemics, can be detected in what is now understood to be a dormant stage, i.e., viable but nonculturable when...

Transmissibility of cholera: In vivo-formed biofilms and their relationship to infectivity and persistence in the environment

Faruque, Shah M., Biswas, Kuntal, Udden, S. M. Nashir, Ahmad, Qazi Shafi, Sack, David A., Nair, G. Balakrish, ...

The factors that enhance the waterborne spread of bacterial epidemics and sustain the epidemic strain in nature are unclear. Although the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera is known to be transmitted...

Improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic

Raqib, Rubhana, Sarker, Protim, Bergman, Peter, Ara, Gul, Lindh, Monica, Sack, David A., ...

Shigella is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and growth retardation for children in developing countries. Emergence of antibiotic resistance among Shigellae demands the development of effective...

Seasonal Cholera Caused by Vibrio cholerae Serogroups O1 and O139 in the Coastal Aquatic Environment of Bangladesh

Alam, Munirul, Hasan, Nur A., Sadique, Abdus, Bhuiyan, N. A., Ahmed, Kabir U., Nusrin, Suraia, ...

Since Vibrio cholerae O139 first appeared in 1992, both O1 El Tor and O139 have been recognized as the epidemic serogroups, although their geographic distribution, endemicity, and reservoir are not...

Cholera Due to Altered El Tor Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh▿

Nair, G. Balakrish, Qadri, Firdausi, Holmgren, Jan, Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, Safa, Ashrafus, Bhuiyan, Nurul A., ...

We determined the types of cholera toxin (CT) produced by a collection of 185 Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Bangladesh over the past 45 years. All of the El Tor strains of V. cholerae O1...

Global Dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Serotype O3:K6 and Its Serovariants

Nair, G. Balakrish, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Bhattacharya, Sujit K., Dutta, Basabjit, Takeda, Yoshifumi, Sack, David A.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as a cause of food-borne gastroenteritis, particularly in the Far East, where raw seafood consumption is high. An unusual increase in admissions of V....

Viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission

Alam, Munirul, Sultana, Marzia, Nair, G. Balakrish, Siddique, A. K., Hasan, Nur A., Sack, R. Bradley, ...

Vibrio cholerae persists in aquatic environments predominantly in a nonculturable state. In this study coccoid, nonculturable V. cholerae O1 in biofilms maintained for 495 days in Mathbaria,...

Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Cytolethal Distending Toxin Production in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Diarrheal Patients in Bangladesh▿

Talukder, Kaisar A., Aslam, Mohammad, Islam, Zhahirul, Azmi, Ishrat J., Dutta, Dilip K., Hossain, Sabir, ...

From 300 stool samples, 58 Campylobacter strains were isolated by standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Of these, 40 strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 5 as Campylobacter...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: acquired immunity and transmission in an endemic area

Black, Robert E., Merson, Michael H., Rowe, Bernard, Taylor, Philip R., Gross, Roger J., ...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are an important cause of diarrhoea in developing countries. Studies were made, in an endemic area of Bangladesh, of household contacts of patients with...