David Vlahov

Lack of Association Between Estimated World Trade Center Plume Intensity and Respiratory Symptoms Among New York City Residents Outside of Lower Manhattan (2009)

Laumbach, Robert J., Harris, Gerald, Kipen, Howard M., Georgopoulos, Panos, Shade, Pamela, Isukapalli, Sastry S., ...

Researchers have reported adverse health effects among rescue/recovery workers and people living near the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The authors investigated the occurrence of...

Longitudinal Trends in Hazardous Alcohol Consumption Among Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1995-2006 (2009)

Cook, Robert L., Zhu, Fang, Belnap, Bea Herbeck, Weber, Kathleen, Cook, Judith A., Vlahov, David, ...

Hazardous alcohol consumption among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several adverse health and behavioral outcomes, but the proportion of HIV-positive women...

Neighborhood Characteristics and Disability in Older Adults (2009)

Beard, John R., Blaney, Shannon, Cerda, Magda, Frye, Victoria, Lovasi, Gina S., Ompad, Danielle, ...

Objective To characterize the influence of the residential neighborhood of older adults on the prevalence of disability. Methods We combined Census data on disability in older adults living in New...

Correlates of illicit methadone use in New York City: A cross-sectional study (2008)

Ompad, Danielle C, Fuller, Crystal M, Chan, Christina A, Frye, Victoria, Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro

Abstract Background Despite growing concern about illicit methadone use in the US and other countries, there is little data about the prevalence and correlates of methadone use in large urban areas....

Longitudinal population-based studies of affective disorders: Where to from here? (2008)

Beard, John R, Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Abstract Background Longitudinal, population-based, research is important if we are to better characterize the lifetime patterns and determinants of affective disorders. While studies of this type...

Sensitivity Analysis Using Elicited Expert Information for Inference With Coarsened Data: Illustration of Censored Discrete Event Times in the AIDS Link to Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) Study (2008)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya

In this paper, the authors use the rubric of “coarsened data,” of which missing and censored data are special cases, to motivate the elicitation and use of expert information for performing...

BMC Psychiatry BioMed Central Debate (2008)

John R Beard, Ro Galea, David Vlahov, Open Access

© 2008 Beard et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

INFERENCE FOR SURVIVAL CURVES WITH INFORMATIVELY COARSENED DISCRETE EVENT-TIME DATA: APPLICATION TO ALIVE (2007)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya

In many prospective studies, including AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE), researchers are interested in comparing event-time distributions (e.g.,for human immunodeficiency virus...

INFERENCE FOR SURVIVAL CURVES WITH INFORMATIVELY COARSENED DISCRETE EVENT-TIME DATA: APPLICATION TO ALIVE (2007)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya

In many prospective studies, including AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE), researchers are interested in comparing event-time distributions (e.g.,for human immunodeficiency virus...

INFERENCE FOR SURVIVAL CURVES WITH INFORMATIVELY COARSENED DISCRETE EVENT-TIME DATA: APPLICATION TO ALIVE (2007)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya

In many prospective studies, including AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE), researchers are interested in comparing event-time distributions (e.g.,for human immunodeficiency virus...

INFERENCE FOR SURVIVAL CURVES WITH INFORMATIVELY COARSENED DISCRETE EVENT-TIME DATA: APPLICATION TO ALIVE (2007)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya

In many prospective studies, including AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE), researchers are interested in comparing event-time distributions (e.g.,for human immunodeficiency virus...

Access to highly active antiretroviral therapy for injection drug users: adherence, resistance, and death (2006)

Vlahov,David, Celentano,David D.

Injection drug users (IDUs) continue to comprise a major risk group for HIV infection throughout the world and represent the focal population for HIV epidemics in Asia and Eastern Europe/Russia. HIV...

Primary Care and Health Insurance among Women Released from New York City Jails (2006)

Lee, Joshua., Vlahov, David., Freudenberg, Nicholas.

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved - Volume 17, Number 1, February 2006

PTSD and depression after the Madrid March 11 train bombings (2006)

Miguel-Tobal, Juan J., Cano-Vindel, Antonio, Gonzalez-Ordi, Hector, Iruarrizaga, Iciar, Rudenstine, Sasha, Vlahov, David, ...

The March 11, 2004, train bombings in Madrid, Spain, caused the largest loss of life from a single terrorist attack in modern European history. We used a cross-sectional random digit dial survey of...

Alcohol Drinking Problems Among New York City Residents after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2006)

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Rudenstine, Sasha, Resnick, Heidi S, Kilpatrick, Dean G., ...

Recent studies have shown an increase in alcohol use in New York City in the months after the September 11 terrorist attacks; thus far there have been no studies documenting changes in drinking...

Period and Birth-Cohort Effects on Age of First Phencyclidine (PCP) Use Among Drug Users in New York City, 1960 to 2000 (2006)

Bryant, Whitney, Ompad, Danielle C., Ahern, Jennifer, Wu, Yingfeng, Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine period and birth-cohort effects in the early initiation of phencyclidine (PCP) use in drug users in New York City (NYC). METHODS: We analyzed data...

Psychological Resilience After Disaster. New York City in the Aftermath of the September 11th Terrorist Attack (2006)

Bonanno, George A., Galea, Sandro, Bucciarelli, Angela, Vlahov, David

ABSTRACT—Research on adult reactions to potentially traumatic events has focused almost exclusively on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there has been relatively little research on...

What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City? (2006)

Nandi, Arijit K., Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Bucciarelli, Angela, Vlahov, David, Tardiff, Kenneth J.

Accidental drug overdose is a substantial cause of mortality for drug users. Using a multilevel case-control study we previously have shown that neighborhood-level income inequality may be an...

PTSD and Depression After the Madrid March 11 Train Bombings (2006)

Miguel-Tobal, Juan J., Cano-Vindel, Antonio, Gonzalez-Ordi, Hector, Iruarrizaga, Iciar, Rudenstine, Sasha, Vlahov, David, ...

The March 11, 2004, train bombings in Madrid, Spain, caused the largest loss of life from a single terrorist attack in modern European history.We used a cross-sectional random digit dial survey...

Predictors of Peritraumatic Reactions and PTSD Following the September 11th Terrorist Attacks (2006)

Lawyer, Steven R., Resnick, Heidi S., Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Kilpatrick, Dean G., Vlahov, David

In this study the authors characterize peritraumatic reactions of residents of New York City during and immediately following the September 11th terrorist attacks, identify predictors of those...

The Urban Environment and Sexual Risk Behavior among Men who have Sex with Men (2006)

Frye, Victoria, Latka, Mary H., Koblin, Beryl, Halkitis, Perry N., Putnam, Sara, Galea, Sandro, ...

Increasingly, studies show that characteristics of the urban environment influence a wide variety of health behaviors and disease outcomes, yet few studies have focused on the sexual risk behaviors...

Stigmatization of Newly Emerging Infectious Diseases: AIDS and SARS (2006)

Des Jarlais, Don C., Galea, Sandro, Tracy, Melissa, Tross, Susan, Vlahov, David

Objectives. We assessed relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and mental health status and knowledge of, being worried about, and stigmatization of 2 emerging infectious diseases:...

Distribution of Influenza Vaccine to High-Risk Groups (2006)

Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Vaccine distribution programs have historically targeted individuals at high risk of complications due to influenza. Despite recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,...

Distribution of Influenza Vaccine to High-Risk Groups (2006)

Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Vaccine distribution programs have historically targeted individuals at high risk of complications due to influenza. Despite recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,...

Changes in willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials among HIV-negative injection drug users. (2005)

Golub, Elizabeth T, Purvis, Lisa A, Sapun, Marcella, Safaeian, Mahboobeh, Beyrer, Chris, Vlahov, David, ...

Injection drug users (IDUs) represent an important risk group for HIV infection. We assessed correlates of IDUs' willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV vaccine trials, and examined temporal changes...

Perspectives on urban conditions and population health (2005)

Vlahov,David, Galea,Sandro, Gibble,Emily, Freudenberg,Nicholas

The majority of the world's population will live in cities in the next few years and the pace of urbanization worldwide will continue to accelerate over the coming decades. While the number of...

Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among Injection Drug Users with Late-Stage Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2005)

Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya, Safaeian, Mahboobeh, Galea, Sandro, Kirk, Gregory, Lucas, Greg, ...

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be effective in different populations, but data among injection drug users are limited. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection...

The effect of HIV infection on overdose mortality (2005)

Wang, Cunlin, Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya, Cole, Stephen R., Bareta, Joseph, Pollini, Robin, ...

Objectives: To quantify the association of HIV infection with overdose mortality and explore the potential mechanisms. Design: A prospective cohort study. Methods: A total of 1927 actively injecting...

Ecstasy use and its association with sexual behaviors among drug users in new york city (2005)

Novoa, Roberto A., Ompad, Danielle C., Wu, Yingfeng, Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro

ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, recreational use of ecstasy has become a growing concern in the United States, although most studies assessing ecstasy use have focused on white, middle-class...

Probable Cigarette Dependence, PTSD, and Depression after an Urban Disaster: Results from a Population Survey of New York City Residents 4 Months after September 11, 2001 (2005)

Nandi, Arijit K., Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Vlahov, David

Disaster exposure may exacerbate psychopathology and substance–related disorders. Four months after September 11, 2001, using random–digit dialing to contact a representative sample of adults (N...

Drug and Alcohol Use as Determinants of New York City Homicide Trends From 1990 to 1998 (2005)

Tardiff, Kenneth J., Wallace, Zachary, Tracy, Melissa, Tinka, Markham Piper, Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro

In this population-level study, we analyzed how well changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims explained declining homicide rates in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Victim...

Circumstances of Witnessed Drug Overdose in New York City: Implications for Intervention (2005)

Tracy, Melissa, Piper, Tinka Markham, Ompad, Danielle C., Bucciarelli, Angela, Coffin, Phillip O., Vlahov, David, ...

Drug users frequently witness the nonfatal and fatal drug overdoses of their peers, but often fail to intervene effectively to reduce morbidity and mortality.We assessed the circumstances of...

Association of sex, hygiene and drug equipment sharing with hepatitis C virus infection among non-injecting drug users in New York City (2005)

Howe, Chanelle J., Fuller, Crystal M., Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Koblin, Beryl, Thomas, David, ...

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) rates are higher in non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) than general population estimates. Whether this elevated HCV rate is due to drug use or other putative risk...

The urban built environment and overdose mortality in New York City neighborhoods (2005)

Hembree, C., Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Tracy, Melissa, Markham Piper, T., Miller, J., ...

Accidental drug overdose continues to be a substantial cause of mortality for drug users. Characteristics of the neighborhood built environment may be important determinants of the likelihood of drug...

Urban Health: Evidence, Challenges, and Directions (2005)

Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Urbanization is one of the most important demographic shifts worldwide during the past century and represents a substantial change from how most of the world’s population has lived for the past...

Urban built environment and depression: a multilevel analysis (2005)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Rudenstine, Sasha, Wallace, Zachary, Vlahov, David

Study objective: To assess the relations between characteristics of the neighbourhood internal and external built environment and past six month and lifetime depression. Design and setting:...

Reducing Disparities in Vaccination Rates Between Different Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Groups- The Potential of Community-based Multilevel Interventions (2005)

Galea, Sandro, Sisco, Sarah, Vlahov, David

There are well-documented disparities in vaccination rates between different socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups in the United States. These disparities persist in spite of an overall increase in...

Drug use, misuse, and the urban environment (2005)

Galea, Sandro, Rudenstine, Sasha, Vlahov, David

Urbanization is probably the single most important demographic shift world-wide throughout the past and the new century and represents a sentinel change from how most of the world’s population has...

Cities and population health (2005)

Galea, Sandro, Freudenberg, Nicholas, Vlahov, David

A majority of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2007 and cities are exerting growing influence on the health of both urban and non-urban residents. Although there long has been...

Effects of Race, Neighborhood, and Social Network on Age at Initiation of Injection Drug Use (2005)

Fuller, Crystal M., Borrell, Luisa N., Latkin, Carl A., Galea, Sandro, Ompad, Danielle C., Strathdee, Steffanie A., ...

Objectives. We investigated individual- and neighborhood-level factors associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use. Methods. Injection drug users (IDUs) who had been injecting 2 to 5...

A Comparison of HIV Seropositive and Seronegative Young Adult Heroin- and Cocaine- Using Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City, 2000-2003 (2005)

Fuller, Crystal M., Absalon, Judith, Ompad, Danielle C., Nash, Denis, Koblin, Beryl, Blaney, Shannon, ...

The purpose of this analysis was to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among a street-recruited sample of heroin- and cocaine-using men who have sex with men (MSM). Injection...

Ecstasy Use Among Hispanic and Black Substance Users in New York City (2005)

Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Fuller, Crystal M., Edwards, Vincent, Vlahov, David

Surveillance data suggests that use of ecstasy in the U.S. is predominantly among white adolescent and young adults. To investigate ecstasy use among substance users in New York City we added...

Beyond Urban Penalty and Urban Sprawl: Back to Living Conditions as the Focus of Urban Health (2005)

Freudenberg, Nicholas, Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Researchers have long studied urban health, both to describe the consequences of urban living and to design interventions to promote the health of people living in cities. Two approaches to...

Invited Commentary: Considering Bias in the Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms among Residents of Lower Manhattan following the Events of (2005)

David Vlahov, Ro Galea

The report by Lin et al. (1) in this issue of the Journal presents data on past-year and past-month respiratory symptoms among residents of Lower Manhattan after the September 11, 2001, attack on and...

Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among Injection Drug Users with Late-Stage Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2005)

Vlahov, David, Galai, Noya, Safaeian, Mahboobeh, Galea, Sandro, Kirk, Gregory D., Lucas, Greg M., ...

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be effective in different populations, but data among injection drug users are limited. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection...

HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection (2004)

Khakoo, Salim I., Thio, Chloe L., Martin, Maureen P., Brooks, Collin R., Gao, Xiaojiang, Astemborski, Jacquie, ...

Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as a means of...

War-related psychological sequelae among emergency department patients in the former Republic of Yugoslavia (2004)

Nelson, Brett D, Fernandez, William G, Galea, Sandro, Sisco, Sarah, Dierberg, Kerry, Gorgieva, Gordana, ...

Abstract Background Residents of the Republic of Serbia faced civil war and a NATO-led bombing campaign in 1999. We sought to assess the burden of metal health dysfunction among emergency department...

Sensitivity Analysis for Informatively Interval-Censored Discrete Time-to-Event Data (2004)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Galai, Noya, Vlahov, David, Bozzette, Samuel A.

In many prospective studies, subjects are evaluated for the occurrence of an absorbing event of interest (e.g., HIV infection) at baseline and at a common set of pre-specified visit times after...

Sensitivity Analysis for Informatively Interval-Censored Discrete Time-to-Event Data (2004)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Galai, Noya, Vlahov, David, Bozzette, Samuel A.

In many prospective studies, subjects are evaluated for the occurrence of an absorbing event of interest (e.g., HIV infection) at baseline and at a common set of pre-specified visit times after...

Sensitivity Analysis for Informatively Interval-Censored Discrete Time-to-Event Data (2004)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Galai, Noya, Vlahov, David, Bozzette, Samuel A.

In many prospective studies, subjects are evaluated for the occurrence of an absorbing event of interest (e.g., HIV infection) at baseline and at a common set of pre-specified visit times after...

Sensitivity Analysis for Informatively Interval-Censored Discrete Time-to-Event Data (2004)

Shardell, Michelle, Scharfstein, Daniel O., Galai, Noya, Vlahov, David, Bozzette, Samuel A.

In many prospective studies, subjects are evaluated for the occurrence of an absorbing event of interest (e.g., HIV infection) at baseline and at a common set of pre-specified visit times after...

Methodology for Evaluating a Partially Controlled Longitudinal Treatment Using Principal Stratification, With Application to a Needle Exchange Program (2004)

Frangakis, Constantine, Brookmeyer, Ronald, Varadhan, Ravi, Safaeian, Mahboobeh, Vlahov, David, Strathdee, Steffanie

We consider studies for evaluating the short-term effect of a treatment of interest on a time-to-event outcome. The studies we consider are partially controlled in the following sense: (1)...

A High-Density Admixture Map for Disease Gene Discovery in African Americans (2004)

Smith, Michael W, Patterson, Nick, Lautenberger, James A, Truelove, Ann L, McDonald, Gavin J, Waliszewska, Alicja, ...

Admixture mapping (also known as “mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium,” or MALD) provides a way of localizing genes that cause disease, in admixed ethnic groups such as African Americans,...

HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection (2004)

Khakoo, Salim I., Thio, Chloe L., Martin, Maureen P., Brooks, Collin R., Gao, Xiaojiang, Astemborski, Jacquie, ...

Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as a means of...

Overdose Deaths Attributed to Metadone and Heroin in New York City, 1990-1998 (2004)

Bryant, Whitney, Galea, Sandro, Tracy, Melissa, Markham, Piper T., Tardiff, Kenneth J., Vlahov, David

Aims Methadone treatment has been shown to be an effective intervention that can lower the risk of heroin-induced overdose death. Recent reports have suggested increases in methadone-induced overdose...

Sustained Increased Consumption of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana Among Manhattan Residents after September 11, 2001 (2004)

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi S, Kilpatrick, Dean G.

We compared reports of increased substance use in Manhattan 1 and 6 months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Data from 2 random-digit-dial surveys conducted 1 and 6 months after...

Updating the Infection Risk Reduction Hierarchy: Preventing Transition into Injection (2004)

Vlahov, David, Fuller, Crystal M., Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Des Jarlais, Don C.

Current approaches to prevention of blood-borne infections in injection drug users include referral to drug abuse treatment, access to sterile syringes, bleach disinfection of injection equipment,...

Television Watching and Mental Health in the General Population of New York City After September 11 (2004)

Ahern, Jennifer, Galea, Sandro, Resnick, Heidi S, Vlahov, David

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks were watched on television by millions. Using data from a telephone survey of New York City residents in January 2002 (N = 2001), we examined the relations...

Television Images and Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After September 11. The Role of Background Characteristics, Event Exposures, and Perievent Panic (2004)

Ahern, Jennifer, Galea, Sandro, Resnick, Heidi S, Vlahov, David

Television viewing has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after disasters and traumas; we examined characteristics that may explain this association among New Yorkers...

Gender, Social Support, and Posttraumatic Stress in Postwar Kosovo (2004)

Ahern, Jennifer, Galea, Sandro, Fernandez, William G., Koci, Bajram, Waldman, Ronald J., Vlahov, David

The effects of social support and traumatic experiences on mental health in conflict situations may be different by gender. The Kosovo Emergency Department Study was conducted in July and August 2001...

War-related psychological sequelae among emergency department patients in the former Republic of Yugoslavia (2004)

Nelson, Brett D., Fernandez, William G., Galea, Sandro, Sisco, Sarah, Dierberg, Kerry, Subaric Gorgieva, Gordana, ...

Background: Residents of the Republic of Serbia faced civil war and a NATO-led bombing campaign in 1999. We sought to assess the burden of metal health dysfunction among emergency department (ED)...

Job Loss, Unemployment, Work Stress, Job Satisfaction, and the Persistence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder One Yeak After the September 11 Attacks (2004)

Nandi, Arijit K., Galea, Sandro, Tracy, Melissa, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi S, Gershon, Robyn, ...

The influence of unemployment and adverse work conditions on the course of psychopathology after a mass disaster is unclear. We recruited a representative sample of adults living in the New York City...

Cities and Health: History, Approaches, and Key Questions (2004)

Vlahov, David, Gibble, Emily, Freudenberg, Nicholas, Galea, Sandro

The majority of the world’s population will live in cities in the next few years, and the pace of urbanization worldwide will continue to accelerate over the coming decades. Such a dramatic...

Hispanic Ethnicity and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder after a Disaster: Evidence from a General Population Survey after September 11,2001 (2004)

Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David, Tracy, Melissa, Hoover, Donald R., Resnick, Heidi S, Kilpatrick, Dean G.

PURPOSE: To assess ethnic differences in the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a disaster, and to assess the factors that may explain these differences. METHODS: We used data from a...

Hepatitis C Incidence- a Comparison Between Injection and Noninjection Drug Users in New York City (2004)

Fuller, Crystal M., Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Wu, Yingfeng, Koblin, Beryl, Vlahov, David

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) burdens injection drug users (IDUs) with prevalence estimated from 60–100% compared to around 5% among noninjection drug users (non-IDUs). We present preliminary data...

Mental Health Status Among Ethnic Albanians Seeking Medical Care in an Emergency Department Two Years After the War in Kosovo: A Pilot Project (2004)

Fernandez, William G., Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Sisco, Sarah, Waldman, Ronald J., Koci, Bajram, ...

Study objective: The long-term psychological effects of war are underappreciated in clinical settings. Describing the postwar psychosocial burden on medical care can help direct public health...

Acceptance and completion of hepatitis B vaccination among drug users in New York City (2004)

Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Wu, Yingfeng, Fuller, Crystal M, Latka, Mary H., Koblin, Beryl, ...

Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination rates remain low among drug users. We examined correlates of vaccine acceptance and completion in two ongoing prospective studies of young injecting and non-injecting...

Association of DC-SIGN promoter polymorphism with increased risk for parenteral, but not mucosal, acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (2004)

Martin, Maureen P., Lederman, Michael M., Hutcheson, Holli B., Goedert, James J., Nelson, George W., Van Kooyk, Yvette, ...

There is considerable debate about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie and restrict acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In light of recent studies demonstrating...

Dominant effects of CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes in HIV-1 disease progression (2004)

Winkler, Cheryl, Hendel, Houria, Carrington, Mary, Smith, Michael, Nelson, George, O'Brien, Stephen, ...

Three haplotypes for the CCR2-CCR5 region previously have been shown to affect AIDS progression; however, it is not known if the protective and accelerating effects of the haplotypes are relatively...

Rapid transmission of hepatitis C virus among young injecting heroin users in Southern China (2004)

Garten, Rebecca J, Lai, Shenghan, Zhang, Jinbing, Liu, Wei, Chen, Jie, Vlahov, David, ...

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is quickly spread through injection drug use. The prevalence and incidence of HCV in Chinese heroin users has been rarely reported. Methods A longitudinal cohort of...

Feasibility of referring drug users from a needle exchange program into an addiction treatment program: experience with a mobile treatment van and LAAM maintenance. (2003)

Kuo, Irene, Brady, Joseph, Butler, Carol, Schwartz, Robert, Brooner, Robert, Vlahov, David, ...

We evaluated program entry, retention, and early treatment response of needle exchange program (NEP) attenders referred to a drug treatment program using levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride (LAAM). Of...

Preliminary Evidence of Health Care Provider Support for Naloxone Prescription as Overdose Fatality Prevention Strategy in New York City (2003)

Coffin, Phillip O., Fuller, Crystal M, Vadnai, Liza, Blaney, Shannon, Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Preliminary research suggests that naloxone (Narcan), a short-acting opiate antagonist, could be provided by prescription or distribution to heroin users to reduce the likelihood of fatality from...

Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990-98 (2003)

Coffin, Phillip O., Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Leon, Andrew C., Vlahov, David, Tardiff, Kenneth J.

Aims Accidental drug overdose contributes substantially to mortality among drug users. Multi-drug use has been documented as a key risk factor in overdose and overdose mortality in several studies....

Awareness and Perceptions of a Communitywide Mental Health Program in New York City After September 11 (2003)

Rudenstine, Sasha, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Felton, Chip, Vlahov, David

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40319/2/Rudenstine_Awareness and Perceptions of a Communitywide_2003.pdf

Trends of Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in New York City after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2003)

Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David, Resnick, Heidi S, Ahern, Jennifer, Susser, Ezra, Gold, Joel, ...

The authors investigated trends in probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in the general population of New York City in the first 6 months after the September 11 terrorist attacks....

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Overdose Mortality Trends in New York City, 1990-1998 (2003)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Tardiff, Kenneth J., Leon, Andrew C., Coffin, Phillip O., Derr, Karen, ...

Racial/ethnic disparities in health and disease have been present in the United States for the past century. Although differences such as individual access to health care and health-related behaviors...

Posttraumatic Stress in Women after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in New York City (2003)

Pulcino, Tiffany, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi S, Foley, Mary Kay, Vlahov, David

Background: Women have been shown to be at higher risk than men of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic events. Women in New York City were more likely than men to have...

Contextual Determinants of Drug Use Risk Behavior: a Theoretic Framework (2003)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Vlahov, David

Over the past two decades, public health research has emphasized the role of individual risk behaviors, primarily injection and sexual risk behaviors, in the spread of HIV infection. Much less...

Income distribution and risk of fatal drug overdose in New York City neighborhoods (2003)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Vlahov, David, Coffin, Phillip O., Fuller, Crystal M, Leon, Andrew C., ...

Accidental drug overdose is a substantial cause of mortality for drug users. Neighborhood-level factors, such as income distribution, may be important determinants of overdose death independent of...

Contextual Determinants of Drug Use Risk Behavior: a Theoretic Framework (2003)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Vlahov, David

Over the past two decades, public health research has emphasized the role of individual risk behaviors, primarily injection and sexual risk behaviors, in the spread of HIV infection. Much less...

Relationship of Self-Reported Asthma Severity and Urgent Health Care Utilization to Psychological Sequelae of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center Among New York City Area Residents (2003)

Fagan, Joanne, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Bonner, Sebastian, Vlahov, David

Objective: Posttraumatic psychological stress may be associated with increases in somatic illness, including asthma, but the impact of the psychological sequelae of the September 11, 2001 terrorist...

Variability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City (2003)

Des Jarlais, Don C., Diaz, Theresa, Perlis, Theresa, Vlahov, David, Maslow, Carey, Latka, Mary, ...

Cohort studies of young (aged 18–30 years) injecting drug users recruited in 1997–1999 in the Harlem and Lower East Side areas of New York City, New York, were used to assess the incidence of...

Trends of Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in New York City after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2003)

Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David, Resnick, Heidi, Ahern, Jennifer, Susser, Ezra, Gold, Joel, ...

The authors investigated trends in probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in the general population of New York City in the first 6 months after the September 11 terrorist attacks....

High-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case-control study. (2002)

Fuller, Crystal M, Vlahov, David, Ompad, Danielle C, Shah, Nina, Arria, Amelia, Strathdee, Steffanie A

OBJECTIVE: The goal of our study was to elucidate characteristics of persons likely to transition into injection drug use so that an identifiable group with high-risk for blood-borne infection may be...

Increased Use of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana among Manhattan, New York, Residents after the September 11th Terrorist Attacks (2002)

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro, Resnick, Heidi S, Ahern, Jennifer, Boscarino, Joseph A, Bucuvalas, Michael J, ...

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were the largest human-made disaster in the United States since the Civil War. Studies after earlier disasters have reported rates of psychological disorders...

Urbanization, Urbanicity, and Health (2002)

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro

A majority of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2007. The most rapidly urbanizing cities are in less-wealthy nations, and the pace of growth varies among regions. There are few...

Determinants of Counseling for Children in Manhattan After the September 11 Attacks (2002)

Stuber, Jennifer, Fairbrother, Gerry, Galea, Sandro, Pfefferbaum, Betty, Wilson-Genderson, Maureen, Vlahov, David

Objective: After the September 11 terrorist attacks, many adults and children received counseling. The authors assessed the prevalence and correlates of counseling for experiences related to the...

Social Determinants and the Health of Drug Users: Socioeconomic Status, Homelessness, and Incarceration (2002)

Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

Objectives: This article reviews the evidence on the adverse health consequences of low socioeconomic status, homelessness, and incarceration among drug users. Observations: Social and economic...

Psychological Sequelae of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks In New York City (2002)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi S, Kilpatrick, Dean G., Bucuvalas, Michael J, Gold, Joel, ...

Background The scope of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, was unprecedented in the United States. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Manhattan, New York City, After the September 11th Terrorist Attacks (2002)

Galea, Sandro, Resnick, Heidi S, Ahern, Jennifer, Gold, Joel, Bucuvalas, Michael J, Kilpatrick, Dean G., ...

There remains concern that survey research after a disaster can precipitate or exacerbate distress among study participants. The authors surveyed 5,774 persons in three random-digit-dial telephone...

Drugs and Firearm Deaths in New York City, 1990-1998 (2002)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Tardiff, Kenneth J., Leon, Andrew C., Vlahov, David

Urbanization is probably the single most important demographic shift world-wide throughout the past and the new century and represents a sentinel change from how most of the world’s population has...

Psychological sequelae of the September 11th attacks in Manhattan, New York City. (2002)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi S, Kilpatrick, Dean G., Bucuvalas, Michael J, Gold, Joel, ...

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50424/1/Galea_Psychological+Sequelae+of+the+September+11_2002[1].pdf

Increased Use of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana among Manhattan, New York, Residents after the September 11th Terrorist Attacks (2002)

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro, Resnick, Heidi, Ahern, Jennifer, Boscarino, Joseph A., Bucuvalas, Michael, ...

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were the largest human-made disaster in the United States since the Civil War. Studies after earlier disasters have reported rates of psychological disorders...

Validity of Self-reported Needle Exchange Attendance among Injection Drug Users: Implications for Program Evaluation (2002)

Safaeian, Mahboobeh, Brookmeyer, Ron, Vlahov, David, Latkin, Carl, Marx, Melissa, Strathdee, Steffanie A.

Some studies have indicated that needle exchange programs (NEPs) can be effective in reducing drug-related risks for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion; however, others have reported...

Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk Behavior among Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, 1988-1998 (2002)

Nelson, Kenrad E., Galai, Noya, Safaeian, Mahboobeh, Strathdee, Steffanie A., Celentano, David D., Vlahov, David

Although the incidence of and mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have declined recently in the United States, data are needed on the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and...

Needle Exchange Programs and Experience of Violence in an Inner City Neighborhood (2001)

Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Fuller, Crystal M, Freudenberg, Nicholas, Vlahov, David

Objective: To assess the association between proximity to a needle exchange program (NEP) and experience of violence in an inner city neighborhood. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of residents of...

Collaboration Among Community Members, Local Health Service Providers, and Researchers in an Urban Research Center in Harlem, New York (2001)

Galea, Sandro, Factor, Stephanie H., Bonner, Sebastian, Foley, Mary Kay, Freudenberg, Nicholas, Latka, Mary H., ...

A majority of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2007 and cities are exerting growing influence on the health of both urban and non-urban residents. Although there long has been...

Cervical Neoplasia and Repeated Positivity of Human Papillomavirus Infection In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-seropositive and -seronegative Women (2000)

Ahdieh, Linda, Munoz, Alvaro, Vlahov, David, Trimble, Cornelia L., Timpson, Lauren A., Shah, Keerti

Increased risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)-infected women may be explained by repeated positivity of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection...

Discarded Needles Do Not Increase Soon After the Opening of a Needle Exchange Program (1997)

Doherty, Meg C., Garfein, Richard S., Vlahov, David, Junge, Benjamin, Rathouz, Paul J., Galai, Noya, ...

This study examines the effect of a Needle Exchange Program (NEP) on the quantity and geographic distribution of discarded needles on the streets of Baltimore, Maryland, and presents methods to...

Design and Baseline Participant Characteristics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study: A Prospective Cohort Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in US Women (1997)

Smith, Dawn K., Warren, Dora L., Vlahov, David, Schuman, Paula, Stein, Michael D., Greenberg, Barbara L., ...

The prospective, multisite human immunodeficiency (HIV) Epidemiology Research Study was established to define the biologic, psychologic, and social effects of HIV infection on the health of US women....

Long-term Perspective on the Prevalent-Cohort Biases in Studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Progression (1997)

Alcabes, Philip, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Phillips, Andrew N., Rezza, Giovanni, Vlahov, David

Because considerable information about progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been provided by studies of cohorts of individuals with prevalent HIV infection, this study was...

Temporal Trends of Initial CD4 Cell Counts Following Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion in Italy, 1985-1992 (1996)

Galai, Noya, Lepri, Alessandro Cozzi, Vlahov, David, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Sinicco, Alessandro, Rezza, Giovanni, ...

To determine whether initial CD4 cell counts after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion have decreased over calendar time among participants in the Italian Seroconversion Study, HIV...

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in a Population of Injecting Drug Users: Association with Drug Injection Patterns (1995)

Levine, Orin S., Vlahov, David, Koehler, Jane, Cohn, Sylvia, Spronk, Adrian M., Nelson, Kenrad E.

To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among injecting drug users, the authors assessed the prevalence of HBV seromarkers among 2,558 injecting drug users recruited...

Voluntary Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a Prison Population with a High Prevalence of HIV (1994)

Behrendt, Carolyn, Kendig, Newton, Dambita, Claude, Horman, Joseph, Lowlor, John, Vlahov, David

This study evaluated voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a prison population with a high HIV seroprevalence. Data on demographic variables and participation in voluntary...

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infections among Injecting Drug Users: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Viral Interactions (1994)

Levine, Orin S., Vlahov, David, Nelson, Kenrad E.

“People had had as little as 1/50th cubic centimetre of serum injected subcutaneously and they had developed jaundice …Was it not possible that some of these syringes might have a little...

Differences in Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion among Male and Female Intravenous Drug Users (1993)

Solomon, Liza, Astemborski, Jacquie, Warren, Dora, Muñoz, Alvaro, Cohn, Sylvia, Vlahov, David, ...

To examine sex-specific risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 seroconversion among intravenous drug users, the authors conducted a nested case-control study in Baltimore,...

Bacterial Pneumonia in Adult Populations with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection (1993)

Caiaffa, Waleska T., Graham, Neil M. H., Vlahov, David

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia was recently added to the definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), based on the observation that bacterial pneumonia rates have been increased in...

Effect of Chronic Substance Abuse on the Neuropsychological Performance of Intravenous Drug Users with a High Prevalence of HIV-1 Seropositivity (1992)

Concha, Mauricio, Graham, Neil M. H., Muñoz, Alvaro, Vlahov, David, Royal, Walter, Updike, Marcia, ...

Limited data are available on cognitive performance in populations of intravenous drug users during the early, asymptomatic stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Between...

Cancer of the Pancreas and Drinking Water: A Population-based Case-Control Study in Washington County, Maryland (1992)

IJsselmuiden, Carel B., Gaydos, Charlotte, Feighner, Brian, Novakoski, William L., Serwadda, David, Caris, Luis H., ...

A case-control study was done to assess a potential association between drinking water and pancreatic cancer in Washington County, Maryland. Cases of pancreatic cancer occurring from 1975 through...

New Evidence on Intravenous Cocaine Use and the Risk of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1991)

Anthony, James C., Vlahov, David, Nelson, Kenrad E., Conn, Sylvia, Astemborski, Jacqueline, Solomon, Liza

To examine whether recent intravenous use of cocaine might be associated with increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, the authors studied 2,597 active intravenous drug...

Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus among Cardiac Surgery Patients, Homosexual Men, and Intravenous Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland (1991)

Donahue, James G., Nelson, Kenrad E., Mufioz, Alvaro, Vlahov, David, Rennie, Lynda L., Taylor, Ellen L., ...

In order to define the risk factors for infection with hepatitis C virus, the authors determined the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to hepatitis C in three cohorts in Baltimore, Maryland,...

ASSOCIATION OF DRUG INJECTION PATTERNS WITH ANTIBODY TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 AMONG INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND (1990)

VLAHOV, DAVID, MUñOZ, ALVARO, ANTHONY, JAMES C., COHN, SYLVIA, CELENTANO, DAVID D., NELSON, KENARD E.

During 1988 and 1989, intravenous drug users recruited through extensive community outreach efforts in Baltimore, Maryland, were interviewed about drug injection and sex practices in the prior 11...

Genetic restriction of HIV-1 pathogenesis to AIDS by promoter alleles of IL10

Shin, Hyoung Doo, Winkler, Cheryl, Stephens, J. Claiborne, Bream, Jay, Young, Howard, Goedert, James J., ...

IL10 is a powerful TH-2 cell cytokine produced by lymphoid cells that limits HIV-1 replication in vivo, ostensibly by inhibiting macrophage/monocyte and T-cell lymphocyte replication and secretion of...

Patterns of HIV-1 evolution in individuals with differing rates of CD4 T cell decline

Markham, Richard B., Wang, Wei-Cinn, Weisstein, Anton E., Wang, Zhe, Munoz, Alvaro, Templeton, Alan, ...

Evolution of HIV-1 env sequences was studied in 15 seroconverting injection drug users selected for differences in the extent of CD4 T cell decline. The rates of increase of either sequence diversity...

Screening for Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

Thio, Chloe L., Nolt, Karen R., Astemborski, Jacquie, Vlahov, David, Nelson, Kenrad E., Thomas, David L.

Immunosuppression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may impair antibody formation, and false-negative hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) tests have been reported in individuals coinfected...

Comparison of Two Measures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Load in HIV Risk Groups

Lyles, Cynthia M., Vlahov, David, Farzadegan, Homayoon, Astemborski, Jacquie, Margolick, Joseph B., Masters, Beth A., ...

Levels of viral burden were compared across risk group and gender populations among 485 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected participants consisting of 190 male injection drug users...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion and Evolution of the Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies

Mao, Qing, Ray, Stuart C., Laeyendecker, Oliver, Ticehurst, John R., Strathdee, Steffanie A., Vlahov, David, ...

When chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are complicated by acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), liver disease appears to accelerate and serum levels of HCV RNA may rise. We...

Modulating influence on HIV/AIDS by interacting RANTES gene variants

An, Ping, Nelson, George W., Wang, Lihua, Donfield, Sharyne, Goedert, James J., Phair, John, ...

RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), a ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 5, potently inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro. We tested the influence of four RANTES...

HLA-Cw*04 and Hepatitis C Virus Persistence

Thio, Chloe L., Gao, Xiaojiang, Goedert, James J., Vlahov, David, Nelson, Kenrad E., Hilgartner, Margaret W., ...

In studies of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the early host immune response is one of the determinants of viral persistence. The class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which present...

APOBEC3G Genetic Variants and Their Influence on the Progression to AIDS†

An, Ping, Bleiber, Gabriela, Duggal, Priya, Nelson, George, May, Margaret, Mangeat, Bastien, ...

The cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G, in the absence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory gene HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (vif), inhibits viral replication by introducing G→A...

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Gene and Recovery from Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Thio, Chloe L., Mosbruger, Timothy L., Kaslow, Richard A., Karp, Christopher L., Strathdee, Steffanie A., Vlahov, David, ...

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory T-cell receptor expressed by activated and regulatory T cells. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene...

Association of DC-SIGN Promoter Polymorphism with Increased Risk for Parenteral, but Not Mucosal, Acquisition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Martin, Maureen P., Lederman, Michael M., Hutcheson, Holli B., Goedert, James J., Nelson, George W., Van Kooyk, Yvette, ...

There is considerable debate about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie and restrict acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In light of recent studies demonstrating...

Sustained Increased Consumption of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana Among Manhattan Residents After September 11, 2001

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi, Kilpatrick, Dean

We compared reports of increased substance use in Manhattan 1 and 6 months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Data from 2 random-digit-dial surveys conducted 1 and 6 months after...

Prevalence and Incidence of HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Males in Rhode Island Prisons

Macalino, Grace E., Vlahov, David, Sanford-Colby, Stephanie, Patel, Sarju, Sabin, Keith, Salas, Christopher, ...

Objectives. We evaluated prevalence and intraprison incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among male prison inmates.

Consistent Effects of TSG101 Genetic Variability on Multiple Outcomes of Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1†

Bashirova, Arman A., Bleiber, Gabriela, Qi, Ying, Hutcheson, Holli, Yamashita, Traci, Johnson, Randall C., ...

Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) encodes a host cellular protein that is appropriated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the budding process of viral particles from infected...

Genetic restriction of HIV-1 pathogenesis to AIDS by promoter alleles of IL10

Shin, Hyoung Doo, Winkler, Cheryl, Stephens, J. Claiborne, Bream, Jay, Young, Howard, Goedert, James J., ...

IL10 is a powerful TH-2 cell cytokine produced by lymphoid cells that limits HIV-1 replication in vivo, ostensibly by inhibiting macrophage/monocyte and T-cell lymphocyte replication and secretion of...

Patterns of HIV-1 evolution in individuals with differing rates of CD4 T cell decline

Markham, Richard B., Wang, Wei-Cinn, Weisstein, Anton E., Wang, Zhe, Munoz, Alvaro, Templeton, Alan, ...

Evolution of HIV-1 env sequences was studied in 15 seroconverting injection drug users selected for differences in the extent of CD4 T cell decline. The rates of increase of either sequence diversity...

Screening for Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

Thio, Chloe L., Nolt, Karen R., Astemborski, Jacquie, Vlahov, David, Nelson, Kenrad E., Thomas, David L.

Immunosuppression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may impair antibody formation, and false-negative hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) tests have been reported in individuals coinfected...

Comparison of Two Measures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Load in HIV Risk Groups

Lyles, Cynthia M., Vlahov, David, Farzadegan, Homayoon, Astemborski, Jacquie, Margolick, Joseph B., Masters, Beth A., ...

Levels of viral burden were compared across risk group and gender populations among 485 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected participants consisting of 190 male injection drug users...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion and Evolution of the Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies

Mao, Qing, Ray, Stuart C., Laeyendecker, Oliver, Ticehurst, John R., Strathdee, Steffanie A., Vlahov, David, ...

When chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are complicated by acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), liver disease appears to accelerate and serum levels of HCV RNA may rise. We...

Modulating influence on HIV/AIDS by interacting RANTES gene variants

An, Ping, Nelson, George W., Wang, Lihua, Donfield, Sharyne, Goedert, James J., Phair, John, ...

RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), a ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 5, potently inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro. We tested the influence of four RANTES...

HLA-Cw*04 and Hepatitis C Virus Persistence

Thio, Chloe L., Gao, Xiaojiang, Goedert, James J., Vlahov, David, Nelson, Kenrad E., Hilgartner, Margaret W., ...

In studies of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the early host immune response is one of the determinants of viral persistence. The class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which present...

APOBEC3G Genetic Variants and Their Influence on the Progression to AIDS†

An, Ping, Bleiber, Gabriela, Duggal, Priya, Nelson, George, May, Margaret, Mangeat, Bastien, ...

The cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G, in the absence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory gene HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (vif), inhibits viral replication by introducing G→A...

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Gene and Recovery from Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Thio, Chloe L., Mosbruger, Timothy L., Kaslow, Richard A., Karp, Christopher L., Strathdee, Steffanie A., Vlahov, David, ...

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory T-cell receptor expressed by activated and regulatory T cells. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene...

Association of DC-SIGN Promoter Polymorphism with Increased Risk for Parenteral, but Not Mucosal, Acquisition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Martin, Maureen P., Lederman, Michael M., Hutcheson, Holli B., Goedert, James J., Nelson, George W., Van Kooyk, Yvette, ...

There is considerable debate about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie and restrict acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In light of recent studies demonstrating...

A High-Density Admixture Map for Disease Gene Discovery in African Americans

Smith, Michael W., Patterson, Nick, Lautenberger, James A., Truelove, Ann L., McDonald, Gavin J., Waliszewska, Alicja, ...

Admixture mapping (also known as “mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium,” or MALD) provides a way of localizing genes that cause disease, in admixed ethnic groups such as African Americans,...

Sustained Increased Consumption of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana Among Manhattan Residents After September 11, 2001

Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro, Ahern, Jennifer, Resnick, Heidi, Kilpatrick, Dean

We compared reports of increased substance use in Manhattan 1 and 6 months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Data from 2 random-digit-dial surveys conducted 1 and 6 months after...

Prevalence and Incidence of HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Males in Rhode Island Prisons

Macalino, Grace E., Vlahov, David, Sanford-Colby, Stephanie, Patel, Sarju, Sabin, Keith, Salas, Christopher, ...

Objectives. We evaluated prevalence and intraprison incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among male prison inmates.

Consistent Effects of TSG101 Genetic Variability on Multiple Outcomes of Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1†

Bashirova, Arman A., Bleiber, Gabriela, Qi, Ying, Hutcheson, Holli, Yamashita, Traci, Johnson, Randall C., ...

Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) encodes a host cellular protein that is appropriated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the budding process of viral particles from infected...

Effects of Race, Neighborhood, and Social Network on Age at Initiation of Injection Drug Use

Fuller, Crystal M., Borrell, Luisa N., Latkin, Carl A., Galea, Sandro, Ompad, Danielle C., Strathdee, Steffanie A., ...

Objectives. We investigated individual- and neighborhood-level factors associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use.

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Age at Initiation of Injection Drug Use

Ompad, Danielle C., Ikeda, Robin M., Shah, Nina, Fuller, Crystal M., Bailey, Susan, Morse, Edward, ...

Objectives. We examined the relation between childhood sexual abuse and injection drug use initiation among young adult injection drug users.

Social Determinants of the Health of Urban Populations: Methodologic Considerations

Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Caiaffa, Waleska T., Vlahov, David

A full understanding of the role of the urban environment in shaping the health of populations requires consideration of different features of the urban environment that may influence population...

Urban as a Determinant of Health

Vlahov, David, Freudenberg, Nicholas, Proietti, Fernando, Ompad, Danielle, Quinn, Andrew, Nandi, Vijay, ...

Cities are the predominant mode of living, and the growth in cities is related to the expansion of areas that have concentrated disadvantage. The foreseeable trend is for rising inequities across a...

Social determinants and the health of drug users: socioeconomic status, homelessness, and incarceration.

Galea, Sandro, Vlahov, David

OBJECTIVES: This article reviews the evidence on the adverse health consequences of low socioeconomic status, homelessness, and incarceration among drug users. OBSERVATIONS: Social and economic...

Stigmatization of Newly Emerging Infectious Diseases: AIDS and SARS

Des Jarlais, Don C., Galea, Sandro, Tracy, Melissa, Tross, Susan, Vlahov, David

Objectives. We assessed relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and mental health status and knowledge of, being worried about, and stigmatization of 2 emerging infectious diseases:...

Strategies for Improving Influenza Immunization Rates among Hard-to-Reach Populations

Vlahov, David, Coady, Micaela H., Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro

Whereas considerable attention has been devoted to achieving high levels of influenza immunization, the importance of this issue is magnified by concern over pandemic influenza. Most recommendations...

Integrating HIV Prevention Activities into the HIV Medical Care Setting: A Report from the NYC HIV Centers Consortium

Wilson, Tracey E., Vlahov, David, Crystal, Stephen, Absalon, Judith, Klein, Susan J., Remein, Robert H., ...

With the maturing of the HIV epidemic and availability of potent antiretroviral therapies in the US, priorities for HIV prevention have shifted from general population approaches to case finding,...

Evaluation of an Intervention to Increase Screening Colonoscopy in an Urban Public Hospital Setting

Nash, Denis, Azeez, Sulaiman, Vlahov, David, Schori, Melissa

Only 50% of New Yorkers aged 50 and over reported ever being screened for colorectal cancer by any modality according to a recent household survey. The objective of this investigation was to assess...

The Urban Environment and Sexual Risk Behavior among Men who have Sex with Men

Frye, Victoria, Latka, Mary H., Koblin, Beryl, Halkitis, Perry N., Putnam, Sara, Galea, Sandro, ...

Increasingly, studies show that characteristics of the urban environment influence a wide variety of health behaviors and disease outcomes, yet few studies have focused on the sexual risk behaviors...

Suicide Tourism in Manhattan, New York City, 1990–2004

Gross, Charles, Piper, Tinka Markham, Bucciarelli, Angela, Tardiff, Kenneth, Vlahov, David, Galea, Sandro

Suicide accounts for over 30,000 deaths per year in the United States and is associated with psychiatric illness and substance abuse. Research suggests a strong relationship between method of suicide...

Multilevel Community-Based Intervention to Increase Access to Sterile Syringes Among Injection Drug Users Through Pharmacy Sales in New York City

Fuller, Crystal M., Galea, Sandro, Caceres, Wendy, Blaney, Shannon, Sisco, Sarah, Vlahov, David

Objectives. Research has indicated that there is minimal use of pharmacies among injection drug users (IDUs) in specific neighborhoods and among Black and Hispanic IDUs. We developed a...

Sampling and Recruitment in Multilevel Studies among Marginalized Urban Populations: The IMPACT Studies

Ompad, Danielle C., Galea, Sandro, Marshall, Grant, Fuller, Crystal M., Weiss, Linda, Beard, John R., ...

Illicit drug use in urban settings is a major public health problem. A range of individual level factors are known to influence drug use and its consequences, and a number of recent studies have...