Dominique Schols

Unsung Hero Robert C. Gallo (2009)

Abbadessa, Giovanni, Accolla, Roberto, Aiuti, Fernando, Albini, Adriana, Aldovini, Anna, Alfano, Massimo, ...

Awarding the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine to Francoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for the discovery of HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, is timely given the harm that the virus...

In vitro synergistic activity against CCR5-tropic HIV-1 with combinations of potential candidate microbicide molecules HHA, KRV2110 and enfuvirtide (T20) (2009)

Jenabian, Mohammad-Ali, Saïdi, Héla, Charpentier, Charlotte, Van Herrewege, Yven, Son, Jong Chan, Schols, Dominique, ...

Objectives To block the different mechanisms of HIV mucosal transmission, it is likely that use of several microbicide molecules will lead to the best protection against HIV transmission. Indeed, the...

Differential in vitro inhibitory activity against HIV-1 of alpha-(1-3)- and alpha-(1-6)-D-mannose specific plant lectins : Implication for microbicide development (2007)

Saïdi, Hela, Nasreddine, Nadine, Jenabian, Mohammad-Ali, Lecerf, Maxime, Schols, Dominique, Krief, Corinne, ...

Abstract Background Plant lectins such as Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA) are natural proteins able to link mannose residues, and therefore inhibit...

Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy] pyrimidines (2007)

Balzarini, Jan, Schols, Dominique, Van Laethem, Kristel, De Clercq, Erik, Hocková, Dana, Masojidkova, Milina, ...

Objectives: To discover new potent and selective anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) drugs with in vivo antiretroviral activity. Methods: New acyclic...

Pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) in collagen-induced arthritis (2005)

De Klerck, Bert, Geboes, Lies, Hatse, Sigrid, Kelchtermans, Hilde, Meyvis, Yves, Vermeire, Kurt, ...

Abstract CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1) is a unique biological ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We previously reported that treatment with a specific CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, exerts...

Cyclotriazadisulfonamides: promising new CD4-targeted anti-HIV drugs (2005)

Vermeire, Kurt, Schols, Dominique

It is imperative to continue efforts to identify novel effective therapies that can assist in containing the spread of HIV. Recently acquired knowledge about the HIV entry process points to new...

Pyridine N-oxide derivatives: unusual anti-HIV compounds with multiple mechanisms of antiviral action (2005)

Balzarini, Jan, Stevens, Miguel, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, Pannecouque, Christophe

Pyridine N-oxide derivatives represent a new class of anti-HIV compounds, for which some members exclusively act through inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and thus characteristically behave...

Cyclotriazadisulfonamides: promising new CD4-targeted anti-HIV drugs (2005)

Vermeire, Kurt, Schols, Dominique

It is imperative to continue efforts to identify novel effective therapies that can assist in containing the spread of HIV. Recently acquired knowledge about the HIV entry process points to new...

Pyridine N-oxide derivatives: unusual anti-HIV compounds with multiple mechanisms of antiviral action (2005)

Balzarini, Jan, Stevens, Miguel, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, Pannecouque, Christophe

Pyridine N-oxide derivatives represent a new class of anti-HIV compounds, for which some members exclusively act through inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and thus characteristically behave...

Establishment of a novel CCR5 and CXCR4 expressing CD4+cell line which is highly sensitive to HIV and suitable for high-throughput evaluation of CCR5 and CXCR4 antagonists (2004)

Princen, Katrien, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique

Abstract Background CCR5 and CXCR4 are the two main coreceptors essential for HIV entry. Therefore, these chemokine receptors have become important targets in the search for anti-HIV agents. Here, we...

5-halogeno-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridines as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) - potent and selective anti-hiv activity of 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-5-chlorouridine (1989)

Balzarini, Jan; U0005099, Van Aerschot, Arthur; U0002172, Pauwels, R, Baba, M, Schols, Dominique; U0009441, Herdewijn, Piet; U0010383, ...

The novel 5-chloro-, 5-bromo-, and 5-iodo-derivatives of 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (FddUrd), designated FddCIUrd, FddBrUrd, and FddIUrd, respectively, have been synthesized and evaluated for...

HIV-1 gp120 and chemokines activate ion channels in primary macrophages through CCR5 and CXCR4 stimulation

Liu, Qing-Hua, Williams, Darlisha A., McManus, Carrie, Baribaud, Frédéric, Doms, Robert W., Schols, Dominique, ...

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) uses the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 as coreceptors for entry into target cells. Here we show that the HIV-1 envelope gp120 (Env) activates multiple ionic signaling...

Role of CXCR4 in Cell-Cell Fusion and Infection of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Strains: Two Distinct Mechanisms of HIV-1 Dual Tropism

Yi, Yanjie, Isaacs, Stuart N., Williams, Darlisha A., Frank, Ian, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

Dual-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains infect both primary macrophages and transformed T-cell lines. Prototype T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic) strains use CXCR4 as their...

T-Cell-Line-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 That Is Made Resistant to Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α Contains Mutations in the Envelope gp120 but Does Not Show a Switch in Coreceptor Use

Schols, Dominique, Esté, José A., Cabrera, Cecilia, De Clercq, Erik

The NL4.3 T-cell-line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain is sensitive to the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), the natural ligand for CXC chemokine receptor 4...

Determinants for Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coreceptor CXCR4 to the Bicyclam AMD3100

Labrosse, Béatrice, Brelot, Anne, Heveker, Nikolaus, Sol, Nathalie, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

The bicyclam AMD3100 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). It was recently demonstrated that the compound...

CXCR4 as a Functional Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Primary Macrophages

Simmons, Graham, Reeves, Jacqueline D., McKnight, Áine, Dejucq, Nathalie, Hibbitts, Sam, Power, Christine A., ...

The coreceptors used by primary syncytium-inducing (SI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates for infection of primary macrophages were investigated. SI strains using only CXCR4 replicated...

Viral Entry through CXCR4 Is a Pathogenic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease

Schramm, Birgit, Penn, Michael L., Speck, Roberto F., Chan, Stephen Y., De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, ...

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 function as the principal coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Coreceptor function has also been demonstrated for a variety of related...

CXC-Chemokine Receptor 4 Is Not a Coreceptor for Human Herpesvirus 7 Entry into CD4+ T Cells

Zhang, Ying, Hatse, Sigrid, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a T-lymphotropic virus which utilizes the CD4 receptor as its main receptor to enter the target cells. Hence, HHV-7 can interfere with human immunodeficiency virus type...

Shift of Clinical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from X4 to R5 and Prevention of Emergence of the Syncytium-Inducing Phenotype by Blockade of CXCR4

Esté, José A., Cabrera, Cecilia, Blanco, Julià, Gutierrez, Arantxa, Bridger, Gary, Henson, Geoffrey, ...

The emergence of X4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains in HIV-1-infected individuals has been associated with CD4+ T-cell depletion, HIV-mediated CD8+ cell apoptosis, and an impaired...

Bicyclams, Selective Antagonists of the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR4, Potently Inhibit Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Replication

Egberink, Herman F., De Clercq, Erik, Balzarini, Jan, Bridger, Gary J., Henson, Geoffrey, ...

Bicyclams are low-molecular-weight anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents that have been shown to act as potent and selective CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonists. Here, we...

The LD78β Isoform of MIP-1α Is the Most Potent CC-Chemokine in Inhibiting CCR5-Dependent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human Macrophages

Aquaro, Stefano, Menten, Patricia, Struyf, Sofie, Proost, Paul, Van Damme, Jo, De Clercq, Erik, ...

The CC-chemokines RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β are natural ligands for the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5. MIP-1α, also known as LD78α, has an isoform, LD78β,...

Macrophage Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Brain and Lymphoid Tissues Predicts Neurotropism Independent of Coreceptor Specificity

Gorry, Paul R., Bristol, Greg, Zack, Jerome A., Ritola, Kimberly, Swanstrom, Ronald, Birch, Chris J., ...

The viral determinants that underlie human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neurotropism are unknown, due in part to limited studies on viruses isolated from brain. Previous studies suggest that...

Productive Infection of Primary Macrophages with Human Herpesvirus 7

Zhang, Ying, De Bolle, Leen, Aquaro, Stefano, Van Lommel, Alfons, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique

Here we demonstrate replication of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), a T-lymphotropic virus, in macrophages. Productive replication was lost after 2 weeks, but HHV-7 DNA was detected up to 1 month after...

No Selection for CCR5 Coreceptor Usage during Parenteral Transmission of Macrophagetropic Syncytium-Inducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Koning, Fransje A., Schols, Dominique, Schuitemaker, Hanneke

In two cases of parenteral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) syncitium-inducing (SI) variants, we previously observed selection for macrophagetropic variants. Although...

A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate from an Infected Person Homozygous for CCR5Δ32 Exhibits Dual Tropism by Infecting Macrophages and MT2 Cells via CXCR4

Naif, Hassan M., Cunningham, Anthony L., Alali, Mohammed, Li, Shan, Nasr, Najla, Buhler, Marc M., ...

The mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of a man (VH) homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 mutation were investigated, and coreceptors other than CCR5 used by HIV type 1 (HIV-1)...

Coreceptor Phenotype of Natural Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Nef Deleted Evolves In Vivo, Leading to Increased Virulence

Jekle, Andreas, Schramm, Birgit, Jayakumar, Prerana, Trautner, Verena, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

The Sydney Blood Bank Cohort is a group of patients with slowly progressive infection by a human immunodeficiency virus strain containing spontaneous deletions within the nef long terminal repeat...

Impact of Cytokines on Replication in the Thymus of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Infants

Pedroza-Martins, Livia, Boscardin, W. John, Anisman-Posner, Deborah J., Schols, Dominique, Bryson, Yvonne J., Uittenbogaart, Christel H.

Early infection of the thymus with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may explain the more rapid disease progression among children infected in utero than in children infected intrapartum....

Interleukin-8 and Growth-Regulated Oncogene Alpha Mediate Angiogenesis in Kaposi's Sarcoma

Lane, Brian R., Liu, Jianguo, Bock, Paul J., Schols, Dominique, Coffey, Michael J., Strieter, Robert M., ...

The development of the complex neoplasm Kaposi's sarcoma is dependent on infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and appears to be greatly enhanced by cytokines and human...

In Vivo Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 toward Increased Pathogenicity through CXCR4-Mediated Killing of Uninfected CD4 T Cells

Jekle, Andreas, Keppler, Oliver T., De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, Weinstein, Mark, Goldsmith, Mark A.

The destruction of the immune system by progressive loss of CD4 T cells is the hallmark of AIDS. CCR5-dependent (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates predominate in the early,...

In Vivo Evolution of X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants in the Natural Course of Infection Coincides with Decreasing Sensitivity to CXCR4 Antagonists

Stalmeijer, Evelien H. B., Van Rij, Ronald P., Boeser-Nunnink, Brigitte, Visser, Janny A., Naarding, Marloes A., Schols, Dominique, ...

CXCR4-using (X4) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants evolve from CCR5-restricted (R5) HIV-1 variants. Early after their first appearance in vivo, X4 HIV-1 variants additionally use...

Apoptosis of Bystander T Cells Induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Increased Envelope/Receptor Affinity and Coreceptor Binding Site Exposure

Holm, Geoffrey H., Zhang, Chengsheng, Gorry, Paul R., Peden, Keith, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

Apoptosis of uninfected bystander CD4+ T cells contributes to T-cell depletion during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. The viral and host mechanisms that lead to bystander...

Preferential coreceptor utilization and cytopathicity by dual-tropic HIV-1 in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo

Glushakova, Svetlana, Yi, Yanjie, Grivel, Jean-Charles, Singh, Anjali, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

Many HIV-1 isolates at the late stage of disease are capable of using both CXCR4 and CCR5 in transfected cell lines, and are thus termed dual-tropic. Here we asked whether these dual-tropic variants...

The LD78β isoform of MIP-1α is the most potent CCR5 agonist and HIV-1–inhibiting chemokine

Menten, Patricia, Struyf, Sofie, Schutyser, Evemie, Wuyts, Anja, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, ...

LD78α and LD78β are 2 highly related nonallelic genes that code for different isoforms of the human CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α). Two molecular forms of natural LD78β...

Profile of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins

Balzarini, Jan, Van Laethem, Kristel, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, De Clercq, Erik, Peumans, Willy, ...

The mannose-specific plant lectins from the Amaryllidaceae family (e.g., Hippeastrum sp. hybrid and Galanthus nivalis) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of human lymphocytic cells...

Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins from the Amaryllidaceae Family Qualify as Efficient Microbicides for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Balzarini, Jan, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, Princen, Katrien, Aquaro, Stefano, Perno, Carlo-Federico, ...

The plant lectins derived from Galanthus nivalis (Snowdrop) (GNA) and Hippeastrum hybrid (Amaryllis) (HHA) selectively inhibited a wide variety of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and...

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication by a Dual CCR5/CXCR4 Antagonist

Princen, Katrien, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, Aquaro, Stefano, De Clercq, Erik, Gerlach, Lars-Ole, ...

Here we report that the N-pyridinylmethyl cyclam analog AMD3451 has antiviral activity against a wide variety of R5, R5/X4, and X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2...

Sugar-Binding Proteins Potently Inhibit Dendritic Cell Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and Dendritic-Cell-Directed HIV-1 Transfer

Turville, Stuart G., Vermeire, Kurt, Balzarini, Jan, Schols, Dominique

Both endocytic uptake and viral fusion can lead to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transfer to CD4+ lymphocytes, either through directional regurgitation (infectious transfer in trans...

Pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) in collagen-induced arthritis

De Klerck, Bert, Geboes, Lies, Hatse, Sigrid, Kelchtermans, Hilde, Meyvis, Yves, Vermeire, Kurt, ...

CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1) is a unique biological ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We previously reported that treatment with a specific CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, exerts a...

Identification of a Subset of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains Able To Exploit an Alternative Coreceptor on Untransformed Human Brain and Lymphoid Cells

Willey, Samantha J., Reeves, Jacqueline D., Hudson, Richard, Miyake, Koichi, Dejucq, Nathalie, Schols, Dominique, ...

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). At least 12 other chemokine receptors or close...

HIV-1 gp120 and chemokines activate ion channels in primary macrophages through CCR5 and CXCR4 stimulation

Liu, Qing-Hua, Williams, Darlisha A., McManus, Carrie, Baribaud, Frédéric, Doms, Robert W., Schols, Dominique, ...

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) uses the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 as coreceptors for entry into target cells. Here we show that the HIV-1 envelope gp120 (Env) activates multiple ionic signaling...

Role of CXCR4 in Cell-Cell Fusion and Infection of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Strains: Two Distinct Mechanisms of HIV-1 Dual Tropism

Yi, Yanjie, Isaacs, Stuart N., Williams, Darlisha A., Frank, Ian, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

Dual-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains infect both primary macrophages and transformed T-cell lines. Prototype T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic) strains use CXCR4 as their...

T-Cell-Line-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 That Is Made Resistant to Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α Contains Mutations in the Envelope gp120 but Does Not Show a Switch in Coreceptor Use

Schols, Dominique, Esté, José A., Cabrera, Cecilia, De Clercq, Erik

The NL4.3 T-cell-line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain is sensitive to the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), the natural ligand for CXC chemokine receptor 4...

Determinants for Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coreceptor CXCR4 to the Bicyclam AMD3100

Labrosse, Béatrice, Brelot, Anne, Heveker, Nikolaus, Sol, Nathalie, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

The bicyclam AMD3100 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). It was recently demonstrated that the compound...

CXCR4 as a Functional Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Primary Macrophages

Simmons, Graham, Reeves, Jacqueline D., McKnight, Áine, Dejucq, Nathalie, Hibbitts, Sam, Power, Christine A., ...

The coreceptors used by primary syncytium-inducing (SI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates for infection of primary macrophages were investigated. SI strains using only CXCR4 replicated...

Viral Entry through CXCR4 Is a Pathogenic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease

Schramm, Birgit, Penn, Michael L., Speck, Roberto F., Chan, Stephen Y., De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, ...

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 function as the principal coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Coreceptor function has also been demonstrated for a variety of related...

CXC-Chemokine Receptor 4 Is Not a Coreceptor for Human Herpesvirus 7 Entry into CD4+ T Cells

Zhang, Ying, Hatse, Sigrid, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a T-lymphotropic virus which utilizes the CD4 receptor as its main receptor to enter the target cells. Hence, HHV-7 can interfere with human immunodeficiency virus type...

Shift of Clinical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from X4 to R5 and Prevention of Emergence of the Syncytium-Inducing Phenotype by Blockade of CXCR4

Esté, José A., Cabrera, Cecilia, Blanco, Julià, Gutierrez, Arantxa, Bridger, Gary, Henson, Geoffrey, ...

The emergence of X4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains in HIV-1-infected individuals has been associated with CD4+ T-cell depletion, HIV-mediated CD8+ cell apoptosis, and an impaired...

Bicyclams, Selective Antagonists of the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR4, Potently Inhibit Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Replication

Egberink, Herman F., De Clercq, Erik, Balzarini, Jan, Bridger, Gary J., Henson, Geoffrey, ...

Bicyclams are low-molecular-weight anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents that have been shown to act as potent and selective CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonists. Here, we...

The LD78β Isoform of MIP-1α Is the Most Potent CC-Chemokine in Inhibiting CCR5-Dependent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human Macrophages

Aquaro, Stefano, Menten, Patricia, Struyf, Sofie, Proost, Paul, Van Damme, Jo, De Clercq, Erik, ...

The CC-chemokines RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β are natural ligands for the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5. MIP-1α, also known as LD78α, has an isoform, LD78β,...

Macrophage Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Brain and Lymphoid Tissues Predicts Neurotropism Independent of Coreceptor Specificity

Gorry, Paul R., Bristol, Greg, Zack, Jerome A., Ritola, Kimberly, Swanstrom, Ronald, Birch, Chris J., ...

The viral determinants that underlie human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neurotropism are unknown, due in part to limited studies on viruses isolated from brain. Previous studies suggest that...

Productive Infection of Primary Macrophages with Human Herpesvirus 7

Zhang, Ying, De Bolle, Leen, Aquaro, Stefano, Van Lommel, Alfons, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique

Here we demonstrate replication of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), a T-lymphotropic virus, in macrophages. Productive replication was lost after 2 weeks, but HHV-7 DNA was detected up to 1 month after...

No Selection for CCR5 Coreceptor Usage during Parenteral Transmission of Macrophagetropic Syncytium-Inducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Koning, Fransje A., Schols, Dominique, Schuitemaker, Hanneke

In two cases of parenteral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) syncitium-inducing (SI) variants, we previously observed selection for macrophagetropic variants. Although...

A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate from an Infected Person Homozygous for CCR5Δ32 Exhibits Dual Tropism by Infecting Macrophages and MT2 Cells via CXCR4

Naif, Hassan M., Cunningham, Anthony L., Alali, Mohammed, Li, Shan, Nasr, Najla, Buhler, Marc M., ...

The mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of a man (VH) homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 mutation were investigated, and coreceptors other than CCR5 used by HIV type 1 (HIV-1)...

Coreceptor Phenotype of Natural Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Nef Deleted Evolves In Vivo, Leading to Increased Virulence

Jekle, Andreas, Schramm, Birgit, Jayakumar, Prerana, Trautner, Verena, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

The Sydney Blood Bank Cohort is a group of patients with slowly progressive infection by a human immunodeficiency virus strain containing spontaneous deletions within the nef long terminal repeat...

Impact of Cytokines on Replication in the Thymus of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates from Infants

Pedroza-Martins, Livia, Boscardin, W. John, Anisman-Posner, Deborah J., Schols, Dominique, Bryson, Yvonne J., Uittenbogaart, Christel H.

Early infection of the thymus with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may explain the more rapid disease progression among children infected in utero than in children infected intrapartum....

Interleukin-8 and Growth-Regulated Oncogene Alpha Mediate Angiogenesis in Kaposi's Sarcoma

Lane, Brian R., Liu, Jianguo, Bock, Paul J., Schols, Dominique, Coffey, Michael J., Strieter, Robert M., ...

The development of the complex neoplasm Kaposi's sarcoma is dependent on infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and appears to be greatly enhanced by cytokines and human...

In Vivo Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 toward Increased Pathogenicity through CXCR4-Mediated Killing of Uninfected CD4 T Cells

Jekle, Andreas, Keppler, Oliver T., De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, Weinstein, Mark, Goldsmith, Mark A.

The destruction of the immune system by progressive loss of CD4 T cells is the hallmark of AIDS. CCR5-dependent (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates predominate in the early,...

Identification of a Subset of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains Able To Exploit an Alternative Coreceptor on Untransformed Human Brain and Lymphoid Cells

Willey, Samantha J., Reeves, Jacqueline D., Hudson, Richard, Miyake, Koichi, Dejucq, Nathalie, Schols, Dominique, ...

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). At least 12 other chemokine receptors or close...

In Vivo Evolution of X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants in the Natural Course of Infection Coincides with Decreasing Sensitivity to CXCR4 Antagonists

Stalmeijer, Evelien H. B., Van Rij, Ronald P., Boeser-Nunnink, Brigitte, Visser, Janny A., Naarding, Marloes A., Schols, Dominique, ...

CXCR4-using (X4) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants evolve from CCR5-restricted (R5) HIV-1 variants. Early after their first appearance in vivo, X4 HIV-1 variants additionally use...

Apoptosis of Bystander T Cells Induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Increased Envelope/Receptor Affinity and Coreceptor Binding Site Exposure

Holm, Geoffrey H., Zhang, Chengsheng, Gorry, Paul R., Peden, Keith, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

Apoptosis of uninfected bystander CD4+ T cells contributes to T-cell depletion during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. The viral and host mechanisms that lead to bystander...

Preferential coreceptor utilization and cytopathicity by dual-tropic HIV-1 in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo

Glushakova, Svetlana, Yi, Yanjie, Grivel, Jean-Charles, Singh, Anjali, Schols, Dominique, De Clercq, Erik, ...

Many HIV-1 isolates at the late stage of disease are capable of using both CXCR4 and CCR5 in transfected cell lines, and are thus termed dual-tropic. Here we asked whether these dual-tropic variants...

The LD78β isoform of MIP-1α is the most potent CCR5 agonist and HIV-1–inhibiting chemokine

Menten, Patricia, Struyf, Sofie, Schutyser, Evemie, Wuyts, Anja, De Clercq, Erik, Schols, Dominique, ...

LD78α and LD78β are 2 highly related nonallelic genes that code for different isoforms of the human CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α). Two molecular forms of natural LD78β...

Profile of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins

Balzarini, Jan, Van Laethem, Kristel, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, De Clercq, Erik, Peumans, Willy, ...

The mannose-specific plant lectins from the Amaryllidaceae family (e.g., Hippeastrum sp. hybrid and Galanthus nivalis) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of human lymphocytic cells...

Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins from the Amaryllidaceae Family Qualify as Efficient Microbicides for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Balzarini, Jan, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, Princen, Katrien, Aquaro, Stefano, Perno, Carlo-Federico, ...

The plant lectins derived from Galanthus nivalis (Snowdrop) (GNA) and Hippeastrum hybrid (Amaryllis) (HHA) selectively inhibited a wide variety of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and...

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication by a Dual CCR5/CXCR4 Antagonist

Princen, Katrien, Hatse, Sigrid, Vermeire, Kurt, Aquaro, Stefano, De Clercq, Erik, Gerlach, Lars-Ole, ...

Here we report that the N-pyridinylmethyl cyclam analog AMD3451 has antiviral activity against a wide variety of R5, R5/X4, and X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2...

Sugar-Binding Proteins Potently Inhibit Dendritic Cell Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and Dendritic-Cell-Directed HIV-1 Transfer

Turville, Stuart G., Vermeire, Kurt, Balzarini, Jan, Schols, Dominique

Both endocytic uptake and viral fusion can lead to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transfer to CD4+ lymphocytes, either through directional regurgitation (infectious transfer in trans...

Pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) in collagen-induced arthritis

De Klerck, Bert, Geboes, Lies, Hatse, Sigrid, Kelchtermans, Hilde, Meyvis, Yves, Vermeire, Kurt, ...

CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1) is a unique biological ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We previously reported that treatment with a specific CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, exerts a...

Mutational Pathways, Resistance Profile, and Side Effects of Cyanovirin Relative to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strains with N-Glycan Deletions in Their gp120 Envelopes

Balzarini, Jan, Van Laethem, Kristel, Peumans, Willy J., Bolmstedt, Anders, Gago, Federico, ...

Limited data are available on the genotypic and phenotypic resistance profile of the α-(1-2)mannose oligomer-specific prokaryotic lectin cyanovirin (CV-N). Therefore, a more systematic investigation...

Pradimicin A, a Carbohydrate-Binding Nonpeptidic Lead Compound for Treatment of Infections with Viruses with Highly Glycosylated Envelopes, Such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus▿

Balzarini, Jan, Van Laethem, Kristel, Daelemans, Dirk, Hatse, Sigrid, Bugatti, Antonella, Rusnati, Marco, ...

Pradimicin A (PRM-A), an antifungal nonpeptidic benzonaphtacenequinone antibiotic, is a low-molecular-weight (molecular weight, 838) carbohydrate binding agent (CBA) endowed with a selective...

Viral Interactions in Human Lymphoid Tissue: Human Herpesvirus 7 Suppresses the Replication of CCR5-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 via CD4 Modulation▿

Lisco, Andrea, Grivel, Jean-Charles, Biancotto, Angélique, Vanpouille, Christophe, Origgi, Francesco, Malnati, Mauro S., ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is often accompanied by infection with other pathogens that affect the clinical course of HIV disease. Here, we identified another virus, human...

AMD3100, a CxCR4 Antagonist, Attenuates Allergic Lung Inflammation and Airway Hyperreactivity

Lukacs, Nicholas W., Berlin, Aaron, Schols, Dominique, Skerlj, Renato T., Bridger, Gary J.

The role of specific chemokine receptors during allergic asthmatic responses has been relatively undefined. A number of receptors are preferentially expressed on Th2 cells, including CCR4, CCR8, and...

Novel In Vivo Model for the Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription Inhibitors: Evaluation of New 6-Desfluoroquinolone Derivatives▿

Stevens, Miguel, Pollicita, Michela, Pannecouque, Christophe, Verbeken, Erik, Tabarrini, Oriana, Cecchetti, Violetta, ...

Two novel 6-desfluoroquinolone derivatives, HM-12 and HM-13, were evaluated for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) activity in acutely, chronically, and latently HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected...

Modest Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coreceptor Function of CXCR3 Is Strongly Enhanced by Mimicking the CXCR4 Ligand Binding Pocket in the CXCR3 Receptor▿

Hatse, Sigrid, Huskens, Dana, Princen, Katrien, Vermeire, Kurt, Bridger, Gary J., De Clercq, Erik, ...

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 can exhibit weak coreceptor function for several human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 strains and clinical isolates. These viruses produced...

Inhibition of T-tropic HIV Strains by Selective Antagonization of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4

Schols, Dominique, Struyf, Sofie, Damme, Jo Van, Esté, José A., Henson, Geoffrey, Clercq, Erik De

Bicyclams are a novel class of antiviral compounds that are highly potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Surprisingly, however, when the prototype compound AMD3100...

Resistance Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase Selected with Elvitegravir Confer Reduced Susceptibility to a Wide Range of Integrase Inhibitors▿

Goethals, Olivia, Clayton, Reginald, Van Ginderen, Marcia, Vereycken, Inge, Wagemans, Elisabeth, Geluykens, Peggy, ...

Integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is an essential step in the life cycle of retroviruses and is facilitated by the viral integrase enzyme. The first generation of integrase inhibitors...