Douglas F. Nixon

Cross-Sectional Dating of Novel Haplotypes of HERV-K 113 and HERV-K 115 Indicate These Proviruses Originated in Africa before Homo sapiens (2009)

Jha, Aashish R., Pillai, Satish K., York, Vanessa A., Sharp, Elizabeth R., Storm, Emily C., Wachter, Douglas J., ...

The human genome, human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), of which HERV-K113 and HERV-K115 are the only known full-length proviruses that are insertionally polymorphic. Although a handful of previously...

T Cell Responses to Human Endogenous Retroviruses in HIV-1 Infection (2007)

Keith E. Garrison, R. Brad Jones, Duncan A. Meiklejohn, Naveed Anwar, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Joan M. Chapman, ...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient infectious agents that have integrated into the human genome. Under normal circumstances, HERVs are functionally defective or controlled...

Tenofovir treatment augments anti-viral immunity against drug-resistant SIV challenge in chronically infected rhesus macaques (2006)

Metzner, Karin J, Binley, James M, Gettie, Agegnehu, Marx, Preston, Nixon, Douglas F, Connor, Ruth I

Abstract Background Emergence of drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. Whether...

IL-2 production correlates with effector cell differentiation in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells (2006)

Nomura, Laurel E, Emu, Brinda, Hoh, Rebecca, Haaland, Perry, Deeks, Steven G, Martin, Jeffrey N, ...

Abstract Background Diminished IL-2 production and lack of effector differentiation have been reported for HIV-specific T cells. In this study, we examined the prevalence of these phenomena using...

Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Responses and their Relationship to Vertical HIV Transmission (1998)

Jin, Xia, Roberts, Caroline G. P., Nixon, Douglas F., Cao, Yunzhen, Ho, David D., Walker, Bruce D., ...

The ARIEL Project for the Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Infant was established to evaluate virologic and immunologic parameters during vertical transmission. To determine the strength...

Cytotoxic T cell immunity in HIV infection. (1990)

Nixon, Douglas F.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oxford, 1990.

Structural homologies between two HLA B27-restricted peptides suggest residues important for interaction with HLA B27 (1990)

Huet, Stephane, Nixon, Douglas F., Rothbard, Jonathan B., Townsend, Alain, Ellis, Shirley A., McMichael, Andrew J.

Recently we described an HLA B27-restrlcted peptide derived from HIV gag p24 protein. In this study we have isolated an HLA B27-restrlcted peptide from the nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza A virus....

Structured antiretroviral treatment interruptions in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects

Ortiz, Gabriel M., Wellons, Melissa, Brancato, Jason, Vo, Ha T. T., Zinn, Rebekah L., Clarkson, Daniel E., ...

The risks and benefits of structured treatment interruption (STI) in HIV-1-infected subjects are not fully understood. A pilot study was performed to compare STI with continuous highly active...

Strong Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Activity in Sydney Blood Bank Cohort Patients Infected with nef-Defective HIV Type 1

Dyer, Wayne B., Ogg, Graham S., Demoitie, Marie-Ange, Jin, Xia, Geczy, Andrew F., Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., ...

Proposals for the use of live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) as a vaccine candidate in humans have been based on the protection afforded by attenuated simian...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1- and Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Can Persist at High Frequency for Prolonged Periods in the Absence of Circulating Peripheral CD4+ T Cells

Spiegel, Hans M. L., Ogg, Graham S., DeFalcon, Elizabeth, Sheehy, Megan E., Monard, Simon, Haslett, Patrick A. J., ...

CD4+ T cells are thought to be critical in the maintenance of virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a selective decline in...

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Presentation to CD4 T Cells by Antibodies Specific for the CD4 Binding Domain of gp120

Hioe, Catarina E., Tuen, Michael, Chien, Peter C., Jones, Gareth, Ratto-Kim, Silvia, Norris, Philip J., ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T-cell responses, particularly to the envelope glycoproteins of the virus, are weak or absent in most HIV-infected patients. Although these poor...

Residual Viral Replication during Antiretroviral Therapy Boosts Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Subjects Treated Early after Infection

Ortiz, Gabriel M., Hu, Jennifer, Goldwitz, Joshua A., Chandwani, Rohit, Larsson, Marie, Bhardwaj, Nina, ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected subjects treated early after infection have preserved HIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell function. We studied the effect of highly active antiretroviral...

Selective Loss of Innate CD4+ Vα24 Natural Killer T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Sandberg, Johan K., Fast, Noam M., Palacios, Emil H., Fennelly, Glenn, Dobroszycki, Joanna, Palumbo, Paul, ...

Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate immune cells involved in regulation of immune tolerance, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity. However, the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1...

Trafficking of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T Cells to Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue during Chronic Infection

Shacklett, Barbara L., Cox, Catherine A., Sandberg, Johan K., Stollman, Neil H., Jacobson, Mark A., Nixon, Douglas F.

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a significant but understudied lymphoid organ, harboring a majority of the body's total lymphocyte population. GALT is also an important portal of entry for...

Dual Pressure from Antiretroviral Therapy and Cell-Mediated Immune Response on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Gene

Karlsson, Annika C., Deeks, Steven G., Barbour, Jason D., Heiken, Brandon D., Younger, Sophie R., Hoh, Rebecca, ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte pressure can lead to the development of viral escape mutants, with consequent loss of immune control. Antiretroviral drugs also exert...

Human CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Control T-Cell Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Antigens

Aandahl, Einar M., Michaëlsson, Jakob, Moretto, Walter J., Hecht, Frederick M., Nixon, Douglas F.

Regulatory T (TR) cells maintain tolerance to self-antigens and control immune responses to alloantigens after organ transplantation. Here, we show that CD4+ CD25+ human TR cells suppress...

Highly Effective Control of an AIDS Virus Challenge in Macaques by Using Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine Vectors in a Single-Boost Protocol

Ramsburg, Elizabeth, Rose, Nina F., Marx, Preston A., Mefford, Megan, Nixon, Douglas F., Moretto, Walter J., ...

Previous studies have shown that vaccination and boosting of rhesus macaques with attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors encoding Env and Gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency...

Development of innate CD4+ α-chain variable gene segment 24 (Vα24) natural killer T cells in the early human fetal thymus is regulated by IL-7

Sandberg, Johan K., Stoddart, Cheryl A., Brilot, Fabienne, Jordan, Kimberly A., Nixon, Douglas F.

Natural killer (NK) T cells are innate CD1d-restricted immune cells involved in regulation of immune tolerance, tumor immunity, and immunity to infectious pathogens. Human α-chain variable gene...

HIV-1–specific immune responses in subjects who temporarily contain virus replication after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Ortiz, Gabriel M., Nixon, Douglas F., Trkola, Alexandra, Binley, James, Jin, Xia, Bonhoeffer, Sebastian, ...

Therapeutic intervention with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can lead to suppression of HIV-1 plasma viremia to undetectable levels for 3 or more years. However, adherence to complex...

Rapid generation of broad T-cell immunity in humans after a single injection of mature dendritic cells

Dhodapkar, Madhav V., Steinman, Ralph M., Sapp, Mark, Desai, Hema, Fossella, Coraleen, Krasovsky, Joseph, ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate protective T-cell immunity in mice. To study the immunogenicity of DCs in humans, we injected 9 healthy subjects subcutaneously...

R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replicates More Efficiently in Primary CD4+ T-Cell Cultures Than X4 HIV-1

Schweighardt, Becky, Roy, Ann-Marie, Meiklejohn, Duncan A., Grace, Edward J., Moretto, Walter J., Heymann, Jonas J., ...

In this report, we present evidence that R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates more efficiently in primary CD4+ T cells than X4 HIV-1. By comparing CD3/CD28-costimulated CD4+...

Phenotypic, Functional, and Kinetic Parameters Associated with Apparent T-Cell Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Individuals with and without Antiretroviral Treatment

Emu, Brinda, Sinclair, Elizabeth, Favre, David, Moretto, Walter J., Hsue, Priscilla, Hoh, Rebecca, ...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-mediated immune response may be beneficial or harmful, depending on the balance between expansion of HIV-specific T cells and the level of generalized immune...

Structured antiretroviral treatment interruptions in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects

Ortiz, Gabriel M., Wellons, Melissa, Brancato, Jason, Vo, Ha T. T., Zinn, Rebekah L., Clarkson, Daniel E., ...

The risks and benefits of structured treatment interruption (STI) in HIV-1-infected subjects are not fully understood. A pilot study was performed to compare STI with continuous highly active...

Strong Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Activity in Sydney Blood Bank Cohort Patients Infected with nef-Defective HIV Type 1

Dyer, Wayne B., Ogg, Graham S., Demoitie, Marie-Ange, Jin, Xia, Geczy, Andrew F., Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., ...

Proposals for the use of live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) as a vaccine candidate in humans have been based on the protection afforded by attenuated simian...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1- and Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Can Persist at High Frequency for Prolonged Periods in the Absence of Circulating Peripheral CD4+ T Cells

Spiegel, Hans M. L., Ogg, Graham S., DeFalcon, Elizabeth, Sheehy, Megan E., Monard, Simon, Haslett, Patrick A. J., ...

CD4+ T cells are thought to be critical in the maintenance of virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a selective decline in...

Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Presentation to CD4 T Cells by Antibodies Specific for the CD4 Binding Domain of gp120

Hioe, Catarina E., Tuen, Michael, Chien, Peter C., Jones, Gareth, Ratto-Kim, Silvia, Norris, Philip J., ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T-cell responses, particularly to the envelope glycoproteins of the virus, are weak or absent in most HIV-infected patients. Although these poor...

Residual Viral Replication during Antiretroviral Therapy Boosts Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Subjects Treated Early after Infection

Ortiz, Gabriel M., Hu, Jennifer, Goldwitz, Joshua A., Chandwani, Rohit, Larsson, Marie, Bhardwaj, Nina, ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected subjects treated early after infection have preserved HIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell function. We studied the effect of highly active antiretroviral...

Selective Loss of Innate CD4+ Vα24 Natural Killer T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Sandberg, Johan K., Fast, Noam M., Palacios, Emil H., Fennelly, Glenn, Dobroszycki, Joanna, Palumbo, Paul, ...

Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate immune cells involved in regulation of immune tolerance, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity. However, the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1...

Trafficking of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T Cells to Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue during Chronic Infection

Shacklett, Barbara L., Cox, Catherine A., Sandberg, Johan K., Stollman, Neil H., Jacobson, Mark A., Nixon, Douglas F.

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is a significant but understudied lymphoid organ, harboring a majority of the body's total lymphocyte population. GALT is also an important portal of entry for...

Dual Pressure from Antiretroviral Therapy and Cell-Mediated Immune Response on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Gene

Karlsson, Annika C., Deeks, Steven G., Barbour, Jason D., Heiken, Brandon D., Younger, Sophie R., Hoh, Rebecca, ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte pressure can lead to the development of viral escape mutants, with consequent loss of immune control. Antiretroviral drugs also exert...

Human CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Control T-Cell Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Antigens

Aandahl, Einar M., Michaëlsson, Jakob, Moretto, Walter J., Hecht, Frederick M., Nixon, Douglas F.

Regulatory T (TR) cells maintain tolerance to self-antigens and control immune responses to alloantigens after organ transplantation. Here, we show that CD4+ CD25+ human TR cells suppress...

Highly Effective Control of an AIDS Virus Challenge in Macaques by Using Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine Vectors in a Single-Boost Protocol

Ramsburg, Elizabeth, Rose, Nina F., Marx, Preston A., Mefford, Megan, Nixon, Douglas F., Moretto, Walter J., ...

Previous studies have shown that vaccination and boosting of rhesus macaques with attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors encoding Env and Gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency...

Development of innate CD4+ α-chain variable gene segment 24 (Vα24) natural killer T cells in the early human fetal thymus is regulated by IL-7

Sandberg, Johan K., Stoddart, Cheryl A., Brilot, Fabienne, Jordan, Kimberly A., Nixon, Douglas F.

Natural killer (NK) T cells are innate CD1d-restricted immune cells involved in regulation of immune tolerance, tumor immunity, and immunity to infectious pathogens. Human α-chain variable gene...

HIV-1–specific immune responses in subjects who temporarily contain virus replication after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Ortiz, Gabriel M., Nixon, Douglas F., Trkola, Alexandra, Binley, James, Jin, Xia, Bonhoeffer, Sebastian, ...

Therapeutic intervention with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can lead to suppression of HIV-1 plasma viremia to undetectable levels for 3 or more years. However, adherence to complex...

Rapid generation of broad T-cell immunity in humans after a single injection of mature dendritic cells

Dhodapkar, Madhav V., Steinman, Ralph M., Sapp, Mark, Desai, Hema, Fossella, Coraleen, Krasovsky, Joseph, ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate protective T-cell immunity in mice. To study the immunogenicity of DCs in humans, we injected 9 healthy subjects subcutaneously...

R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replicates More Efficiently in Primary CD4+ T-Cell Cultures Than X4 HIV-1

Schweighardt, Becky, Roy, Ann-Marie, Meiklejohn, Duncan A., Grace, Edward J., Moretto, Walter J., Heymann, Jonas J., ...

In this report, we present evidence that R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates more efficiently in primary CD4+ T cells than X4 HIV-1. By comparing CD3/CD28-costimulated CD4+...

Phenotypic, Functional, and Kinetic Parameters Associated with Apparent T-Cell Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Individuals with and without Antiretroviral Treatment

Emu, Brinda, Sinclair, Elizabeth, Favre, David, Moretto, Walter J., Hsue, Priscilla, Hoh, Rebecca, ...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-mediated immune response may be beneficial or harmful, depending on the balance between expansion of HIV-specific T cells and the level of generalized immune...

Expansion of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in patients with primary HIV-1 infection treated with interleukin-2

Moll, Markus, Snyder-Cappione, Jennifer, Spotts, Gerald, Hecht, Frederick M., Sandberg, Johan K., Nixon, Douglas F.

Innate CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are infected and lost in HIV-1–infected patients, and this could contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis because NKT cells play an important role in...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific CD8+ TEMRA Cells in Early Infection Are Linked to Control of HIV-1 Viremia and Predict the Subsequent Viral Load Set Point▿

Northfield, John W., Loo, Christopher P., Barbour, Jason D., Spotts, Gerald, Hecht, Frederick M., Klenerman, Paul, ...

CD8+ T cells are believed to play an important role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, despite intensive efforts, it has not been possible to...

T Cell Responses to Human Endogenous Retroviruses in HIV-1 Infection

Garrison, Keith E, Jones, R. Brad, Meiklejohn, Duncan A, Anwar, Naveed, Ndhlovu, Lishomwa C, Chapman, Joan M, ...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient infectious agents that have integrated into the human genome. Under normal circumstances, HERVs are functionally defective or controlled...

HIV-Specific Cd8+ T Cells Produce Antiviral Cytokines but Are Impaired in Cytolytic Function

Appay, Victor, Nixon, Douglas F., Donahoe, Sean M., Gillespie, Geraldine M.A., Dong, Tao, King, Abigail, ...

The use of peptide–human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I tetrameric complexes to identify antigen-specific CD8+ T cells has provided a major development in our understanding of...

Elevated Frequency of Gamma Interferon-Producing NK Cells in Healthy Adults Vaccinated against Influenza Virus▿

Long, Brian R., Michaelsson, Jakob, Loo, Christopher P., Ballan, Wassim M., Vu, Bien-Aimee N., Hecht, Frederick M., ...

Recent studies indicate that innate immunity in influenza virus infection is an area of substantial importance for our understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the...

Single-Cell, Phosphoepitope-Specific Analysis Demonstrates Cell Type- and Pathway-Specific Dysregulation of Jak/STAT and MAPK Signaling Associated with In Vivo Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection▿

Lee, Andrew W., Sharp, Elizabeth R., O'Mahony, Alison, Rosenberg, Michael G., Israelski, Dennis M., Nolan, Garry P., ...

Despite extensive evidence of cell signaling alterations induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro, the relevance of these changes to the clinical and/or immunologic status of...

Conferral of Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Function by KIR3DS1 in Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection▿

Long, Brian R., Ndhlovu, Lishomwa C., Oksenberg, Jorge R., Lanier, Lewis L., Hecht, Frederick M., Nixon, Douglas F., ...

A flurry of recent reports on the role of activating and inhibitory forms of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in natural killer (NK) cell activity against human immunodeficiency...

Immunity to HIV-1 Is Influenced by Continued Natural Exposure to Exogenous Virus

Willberg, Christian B., McConnell, J. Jeff, Eriksson, Emily M., Bragg, Larry A., York, Vanessa A., Liegler, Teri J., ...

Unprotected sexual intercourse between individuals who are both infected with HIV-1 can lead to exposure to their partner's virus, and potentially to super-infection. However, the immunological...

Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection

Jones, R. Brad, Ndhlovu, Lishomwa C., Barbour, Jason D., Sheth, Prameet M., Jha, Aashish R., Long, Brian R., ...

Progressive loss of T cell functionality is a hallmark of chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). We have identified a novel population of dysfunctional T cells marked by...

Cross-Sectional Dating of Novel Haplotypes of HERV-K 113 and HERV-K 115 Indicate These Proviruses Originated in Africa before Homo sapiens

Jha, Aashish R., Pillai, Satish K., York, Vanessa A., Sharp, Elizabeth R., Storm, Emily C., Wachter, Douglas J., ...

The human genome, human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), of which HERV-K113 and HERV-K115 are the only known full-length proviruses that are insertionally polymorphic. Although a handful of previously...

Tregs control the development of symptomatic West Nile virus infection in humans and mice

Lanteri, Marion C., O’Brien, Katie M., Purtha, Whitney E., Cameron, Mark J., Lund, Jennifer M., Owen, Rachel E., ...

West Nile virus (WNV) causes asymptomatic infection in most humans, but for undefined reasons, approximately 20% of immunocompetent individuals develop West Nile fever, a potentially debilitating...