Douglas G. Altman

Subgroup Analysis of Trials Is Rarely Easy (SATIRE): a study protocol for a systematic review to characterize the analysis, reporting, and claim of subgroup effects in randomized trials (2009)

Sun, Xin, Briel, Matthias, Busse, Jason W, Akl, Elie A, You, John J, Mejza, Filip, ...

Abstract Background Subgroup analyses in randomized trials examine whether effects of interventions differ between subgroups of study populations according to characteristics of patients or...

Combining estimates of interest in prognostic modelling studies after multiple imputation: current practice and guidelines (2009)

Marshall, Andrea, Altman, Douglas G, Holder, Roger L, Royston, Patrick

Abstract Background Multiple imputation (MI) provides an effective approach to handle missing covariate data within prognostic modelling studies, as it can properly account for the missing data...

LOST to follow-up Information in Trials (LOST-IT): a protocol on the potential impact (2009)

Akl, Elie A, Briel, Matthias, You, John J, Lamontagne, Francois, Gangji, Azim, Cukierman-Yaffe, Tali, ...

Abstract Background Incomplete ascertainment of outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is likely to bias final study results if reasons for unavailability of patient data are associated with...

Design, analysis, and presentation of crossover trials (2009)

Mills, Edward J, Chan, An-Wen, Wu, Ping, Vail, Andy, Guyatt, Gordon H, Altman, Douglas G

Abstract Objective Although crossover trials enjoy wide use, standards for analysis and reporting have not been established. We reviewed methodological aspects and quality of reporting in a...

Towards agreement on best practice for publishing raw clinical trial data (2009)

Hrynaszkiewicz, Iain, Altman, Douglas G

Abstract Many research-funding agencies now require open access to the results of research they have funded, and some also require that researchers make available the raw data generated from that...

Downloaded from (2009)

Email Alerting, Douglas G Altman, J Martin Bl

20 online articles that cite this article can be accessed at:

Reporting of clinical trials: a review of research funders' guidelines (2008)

Dwan, Kerry, Gamble, Carrol, Williamson, Paula R, Altman, Douglas G

Abstract Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) represent the gold standard methodological design to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention in humans but they are subject to bias,...

Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. (2008)

Zwarenstein, Merrick, Treweek, Shaun, Gagnier, Joel J, Altman, Douglas G, Tunis, Sean, Haynes, Brian, ...

BACKGROUND: The CONSORT statement is intended to improve reporting of randomised controlled trials and focuses on minimising the risk of bias (internal validity). The applicability of a trial's...

Helping editors, peer reviewers and authors improve the clarity, completeness and transparency of reporting health research (2008)

Moher, David, Simera, Iveta, Schulz, Kenneth F, Hoey, John, Altman, Douglas G

Abstract Inadequate reporting is problematic for several reasons. If authors do not provide sufficient details concerning the conduct of their study, readers are left with an incomplete picture of...

Endorsement of the CONSORT Statement by high impact factor medical journals: a survey of journal editors and journal 'Instructions to Authors' (2008)

Hopewell, Sally, Altman, Douglas G, Moher, David, Schulz, Kenneth F

Abstract Background The CONSORT Statement provides recommendations for reporting randomized controlled trials. We assessed the extent to which leading medical journals that publish reports of...

CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration (2008)

Sally Hopewell, Mike Clarke, David Moher, Elizabeth Wager, Philippa Middleton, Douglas G. Altman, ...

BackgroundClear, transparent, and sufficiently detailed abstracts of conferences and journal articles related to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are important, because readers often base their...

CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration (2008)

Hopewell, S., Clarke, M., Moher, D., Wager, E., Middleton, P. F., Altman, Douglas G., ...

Copyright © 2008 Hopewell et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and...

CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration (2008)

Hopewell, S., Clarke, M., Moher, D., Wager, E., Middleton, P. F., Altman, Douglas G., ...

Copyright © 2008 Hopewell et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and...

Declaración de la iniciativa Strobe (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology): Directrices para la comunicación de estudios observacionales (2008)

Altman, Douglas G., Egger, Matthias, Pocock, Stuart J., Gotzsche, Peter C., Vandenbroucke, Jan P., Von Elm, Erik

RESUMEN A pesar de que la mayor parte de la investigación biomédica es de tipo observacional, la información difundida sobre estas investigaciones es a menudo insuficiente, lo que dificulta la...

Visualizing Length of Survival in Time-to-Event Studies: A Complement to Kaplan Meier Plots (2008)

Royston, Patrick, Parmar, Mahesh K. B., Altman, Douglas G.

Because of censoring, standard methods of plotting individual survival times are invalid. Therefore, graphic display of time-to-event data usually takes the form of a Kaplan–Meier survival plot....

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies (2007)

Erik Von Elm, Douglas G. Altman, Matthias Egger, Stuart J. Pocock, Peter C. Gøtzsche, Jan P. Vandenbroucke

Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The...

Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration (2007)

Jan P. Vandenbroucke, Erik Von Elm, Douglas G. Altman, Peter C. Gøtzsche, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stuart J. Pocock, ...

Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and...

Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH): study protocol (2007)

Eccles, Diana, Gerty, Sue, Simmonds, Peter, Hammond, Victoria, Ennis, Sarah, Altman, Douglas G, ...

Abstract Background Young women presenting with breast cancer are more likely to have a genetic predisposition to the disease than breast cancer patients in general. A genetic predisposition is known...

Prospective study of outcomes in Sporadic versus hereditary breast cancer (POSH): study protocol (2007)

Eccles, Diana, Gerty, Sue, Simmonds, Peter, Hammond, Victoria, Ennis, Sarah, Altman, Douglas G.

BACKGROUND: Young women presenting with breast cancer are more likely to have a genetic predisposition to the disease than breast cancer patients in general. A genetic predisposition is known to...

Outcome measurement in clinical trials for ulcerative colitis: towards standardisation (2007)

Cooney, Rachel M, Warren, Bryan F, Altman, Douglas G, Abreu, Maria T, Travis, Simon PL

Abstract Clinical trials on novel drug therapies require clear criteria for patient selection and agreed definitions of disease remission. This principle has been successfully applied in the field of...

Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews (2007)

David Moher, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Andrea C. Tricco, Margaret Sampson, Douglas G. Altman

BackgroundSystematic reviews (SRs) have become increasingly popular to a wide range of stakeholders. We set out to capture a representative cross-sectional sample of published SRs and examine them in...

Ghost Authorship in Industry-Initiated Randomised Trials (2007)

Peter C. Gøtzsche, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Helle Krogh Johansen, Mette T. Haahr, Douglas G. Altman, An-Wen Chan

BackgroundGhost authorship, the failure to name, as an author, an individual who has made substantial contributions to an article, may result in lack of accountability. The prevalence and nature of...

Agreement between methods of measurement with multiple observations per individual (2007)

Bland, J. Martin, Altman, Douglas G.

Limits of agreement provide a straightforward and intuitive approach to agreement between different methods for measuring the same quantity. When pairs of observations using the two methods are...

Protocol for the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART). A randomised trial to compare survival following bilateral versus single internal mammary grafting in coronary revascularisation [ISRCTN46552265] (2006)

Taggart, David P, Lees, Belinda, Gray, Alastair, Altman, Douglas G, Flather, Marcus, Channon, Keith, ...

Abstract Background Standard coronary artery bypass graft surgery uses a single internal mammary artery and supplemental vein or radial artery grafts. Several observational studies have suggested a...

Lead editorial: Trials – using the opportunities of electronic publishing to improve the reporting of randomised trials (2006)

Altman, Douglas G, Furberg, Curt D, Grimshaw, Jeremy M, Rothwell, Peter M

Abstract This editorial introduces the new online, open access, peer-reviewed journal Trials . The journal considers manuscripts on any aspect of the design, performance, and findings of randomised...

Decision tools in health care: focus on the problem, not the solution (2006)

Liu, Joseph, Wyatt, Jeremy C, Altman, Douglas G

Abstract Background Systematic reviews or randomised-controlled trials usually help to establish the effectiveness of drugs and other health technologies, but are rarely sufficient by themselves to...

Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) (2005)

McShane, Lisa M., Altman, Douglas G., Sauerbrei, Willi, Taube, Sheila E., Gion, Massimo, Clark, Gary M., ...

Despite years of research and hundreds of reports on tumor markers in oncology, the number of markers that have emerged as clinically useful is pitifully small. Often, initially reported studies of a...

The logrank test (2004)

Bland, J Martin, Altman, Douglas G

We often wish to compare the survival experience of two (or more) groups of individuals. For example, the table shows survival times of 51 adult patients with recurrent malignant gliomas1 tabulated...

CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials (2004)

Campbell, Marion K, Elbourne, Diana R, Altman, Douglas G

Reports of cluster randomised trials require additional information to allow readers to interpret them accurately The effective reporting of randomised controlled trials has received useful attention...

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses [journal article as teaching resource, deposited by John Flynn] (2003)

Higgins, Julian P. T., Thompson, Simon G., Deeks, Jonathan J., Altman, Douglas G.

Paper from the BMJ by Higgins J. P. T. et al Cochrane Reviews have recently started including the quantity I 2 to help readers assess the consistency of the results of studies in meta-analyses. What...

Meta-analysis, Simpson's paradox, and the number needed to treat (2002)

Altman, Douglas G, Deeks, Jonathan J

Abstract Background There is debate concerning methods for calculating numbers needed to treat (NNT) from results of systematic reviews. Methods We investigate the susceptibility to bias for...

Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues (2002)

Elbourne, Diana R, Altman, Douglas G, Higgins, Julian PT, Curtin, Francois, Worthington, Helen V, Vail, Andy

Background Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper...

The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials (2001)

Moher, David, Schulz, Kenneth F, Altman, Douglas G

Abstract To comprehend the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis and interpretation. That goal can only be achieved through complete...

Challenges in evaluating complex decision support systems: lessons from design-a-trial (2001)

Jeremy C. Wyatt, Douglas G. Altman

Abstract. Decision support system developers and users agree on the need for rigorous evaluations of system performance and impact. Fortunately, evaluating simple reminder systems is relatively easy,...

A METHOD FOR COMBINING MATCHED AND UNMATCHED BINARY DATA: APPLICATION TO RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIALS OF PHOTOCOAGULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (1989)

DUFFY, STEPHEN W., ROHAN, THOMAS E., ALTMAN, DOUGLAS G.

A method for combining matched and unmatched data is described and was applied to the results of randomized, controlled trials of photocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. A pooled...

A note on the uncertainty of a survival probability estimated from Cox's regression model (1986)

ALTMAN, DOUGLAS G., ANDERSEN, PER KRAGH

From a Cox regression model for censored survival data it is possible to estimate the t-year survival probability for an individual with covariates Z0, say. The variance of the estimate, however,...

Randomised trial of educational visits to enhance use of systematic reviews in 25 obstetric units

Wyatt, Jeremy C, Paterson-Brown, Sarah, Johanson, Richard, Altman, Douglas G, Bradburn, Michael J, Fisk, Nicholas M

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational visit to help obstetricians and midwives select and use evidence from a Cochrane database containing 600 systematic reviews.

The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials

Moher, David, Schulz, Kenneth F, Altman, Douglas G

To comprehend the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis and interpretation. That goal can only be achieved through complete...

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses

Higgins, Julian P T, Thompson, Simon G, Deeks, Jonathan J, Altman, Douglas G

Cochrane Reviews have recently started including the quantity I2 to help readers assess the consistency of the results of studies in meta-analyses. What does this new quantity mean, and why is...

Indirect comparison meta-analysis of aspirin therapy after coronary surgery

Lim, Eric, Ali, Ziad, Ali, Ayyaz, Routledge, Tom, Edmonds, Lyn, Altman, Douglas G, ...

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of low and medium dose aspirin therapy after coronary surgery by using an indirect comparison meta-analysis.

Identifying outcome reporting bias in randomised trials on PubMed: review of publications and survey of authors

Chan, An-Wen, Altman, Douglas G

Objective To examine the extent and nature of outcome reporting bias in a broad cohort of published randomised trials.

Comparison of descriptions of allocation concealment in trial protocols and the published reports: cohort study

Pildal, Julie, Chan, An-Wen, Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn, Forfang, Elisabeth, Altman, Douglas G, Gøtzsche, Peter C

Objectives To compare how allocation concealment is described in publications of randomised clinical trials and corresponding protocols, and to estimate how often trial publications with unclear...

Lead editorial: Trials – using the opportunities of electronic publishing to improve the reporting of randomised trials

Altman, Douglas G, Furberg, Curt D, Grimshaw, Jeremy M, Rothwell, Peter M

This editorial introduces the new online, open access, peer-reviewed journal Trials. The journal considers manuscripts on any aspect of the design, performance, and findings of randomised controlled...

Waiving confidentiality for the greater good

Chan, An-Wen, Upshur, Ross, Singh, Jerome A, Ghersi, Davina, Chapuis, François, Altman, Douglas G

Research protocols are usually kept confidential to protect intellectual and commercial interests. But secrecy can also hide deviations that affect the validity of results and threaten the integrity...

Randomised trial of educational visits to enhance use of systematic reviews in 25 obstetric units

Wyatt, Jeremy C, Paterson-Brown, Sarah, Johanson, Richard, Altman, Douglas G, Bradburn, Michael J, Fisk, Nicholas M

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational visit to help obstetricians and midwives select and use evidence from a Cochrane database containing 600 systematic reviews.

The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials

Moher, David, Schulz, Kenneth F, Altman, Douglas G

To comprehend the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis and interpretation. That goal can only be achieved through complete...

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses

Higgins, Julian P T, Thompson, Simon G, Deeks, Jonathan J, Altman, Douglas G

Cochrane Reviews have recently started including the quantity I2 to help readers assess the consistency of the results of studies in meta-analyses. What does this new quantity mean, and why is...

Indirect comparison meta-analysis of aspirin therapy after coronary surgery

Lim, Eric, Ali, Ziad, Ali, Ayyaz, Routledge, Tom, Edmonds, Lyn, Altman, Douglas G, ...

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of low and medium dose aspirin therapy after coronary surgery by using an indirect comparison meta-analysis.

Identifying outcome reporting bias in randomised trials on PubMed: review of publications and survey of authors

Chan, An-Wen, Altman, Douglas G

Objective To examine the extent and nature of outcome reporting bias in a broad cohort of published randomised trials.

Comparison of descriptions of allocation concealment in trial protocols and the published reports: cohort study

Pildal, Julie, Chan, An-Wen, Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn, Forfang, Elisabeth, Altman, Douglas G, Gøtzsche, Peter C

Objectives To compare how allocation concealment is described in publications of randomised clinical trials and corresponding protocols, and to estimate how often trial publications with unclear...

Lead editorial: Trials – using the opportunities of electronic publishing to improve the reporting of randomised trials

Altman, Douglas G, Furberg, Curt D, Grimshaw, Jeremy M, Rothwell, Peter M

This editorial introduces the new online, open access, peer-reviewed journal Trials. The journal considers manuscripts on any aspect of the design, performance, and findings of randomised controlled...

Waiving confidentiality for the greater good

Chan, An-Wen, Upshur, Ross, Singh, Jerome A, Ghersi, Davina, Chapuis, François, Altman, Douglas G

Research protocols are usually kept confidential to protect intellectual and commercial interests. But secrecy can also hide deviations that affect the validity of results and threaten the integrity...

Ghost Authorship in Industry-Initiated Randomised Trials

Gøtzsche, Peter C, Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn, Johansen, Helle Krogh, Haahr, Mette T, Altman, Douglas G, Chan, An-Wen

Of 44 industry-initiated trials, there was evidence of ghost authorship in 33, increasing to 40 when a person qualifying for authorship was acknowledged rather than appearing as an author.

Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews

Moher, David, Tetzlaff, Jennifer, Tricco, Andrea C, Sampson, Margaret, Altman, Douglas G

Data were collected on the epidemiological, descriptive, and reporting characteristics of recent systematic reviews. A descriptive analysis found inconsistencies in the quality of reporting.

Outcome measurement in clinical trials for Ulcerative Colitis: towards standardisation

Cooney, Rachel M, Warren, Bryan F, Altman, Douglas G, Abreu, Maria T, Travis, Simon PL

Clinical trials on novel drug therapies require clear criteria for patient selection and agreed definitions of disease remission. This principle has been successfully applied in the field of...

Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies

Von Elm, Erik, Altman, Douglas G, Egger, Matthias, Pocock, Stuart J, Gøtzsche, Peter C, Vandenbroucke, Jan P

Poor reporting of research hampers assessment and makes it less useful. An international group of methodologists, researchers, and journal editors sets out guidelines to improve reports of...

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies

Von Elm, Erik, Altman, Douglas G, Egger, Matthias, Pocock, Stuart J, Gøtzsche, Peter C, Vandenbroucke, Jan P

This paper describes the recommendations of The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative on what should be included in an accurate and complete report...

Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration

Vandenbroucke, Jan P, Von Elm, Erik, Altman, Douglas G, Gøtzsche, Peter C, Mulrow, Cynthia D, Pocock, Stuart J, ...

In this explanatory and elaboration document Mattias Egger and colleagues provide the meaning and rationale of each checklist item on the STROBE Statement.

Indoramin: 24 hour profile of intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure, a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study

Gould, Brian A., Mann, Stewart, Davies, Anthony, Altman, Douglas G., Raftery, Edward B.

1 Indoramin is a new α-adrenoceptor blocking agent. We have evaluated the profile of blood pressure reduction over 24 h with intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure monitoring by means of a...

CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration

Hopewell, Sally, Clarke, Mike, Moher, David, Wager, Elizabeth, Middleton, Philippa, Altman, Douglas G, ...

The authors extend the CONSORT Statement to develop a minimum list of essential items to consider when reporting the results of a randomized trial in any journal or conference abstract.

Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study

Wood, Lesley, Egger, Matthias, Gluud, Lise Lotte, Schulz, Kenneth F, Jüni, Peter, Altman, Douglas G, ...

Objective To examine whether the association of inadequate or unclear allocation concealment and lack of blinding with biased estimates of intervention effects varies with the nature of the...

The influence of availability of free school milk on the height of children in England and Scotland

Cook, Judith, Irwig, Leslie M., Chinn, Susan, Altman, Douglas G., Florey, Charles Du V.

The effect is investigated of availability of free school milk on height gain in one year of six- and seven-year-old primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland, using data collected annually from...

metan: fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis

Ross J. Harris, Michael J. Bradburn, Jonathan J. Deeks, Roger M. Harbord, Douglas G. Altman

This article describes updates of the meta-analysis command metan and options that have been added since the command’s original publication (Bradburn, Deeks, and Altman, metan - an alternative...

Helping editors, peer reviewers and authors improve the clarity, completeness and transparency of reporting health research

Moher, David, Simera, Iveta, Schulz, Kenneth F, Hoey, John, Altman, Douglas G

Inadequate reporting is problematic for several reasons. If authors do not provide sufficient details concerning the conduct of their study, readers are left with an incomplete picture of what was...

Key Issues in Conducting a Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Datasets

Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Mondry, Adrian, Holmes, Chris C, Altman, Douglas G

Adaikalavan Ramasamy and colleagues outline seven key issues and suggest a stepwise approach in conducting a meta-analysis of microarray datasets.

Discrepancies in sample size calculations and data analyses reported in randomised trials: comparison of publications with protocols

Chan, An-Wen, Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn, Jørgensen, Karsten J, Gøtzsche, Peter C, Altman, Douglas G

Objective To evaluate how often sample size calculations and methods of statistical analysis are pre-specified or changed in randomised trials.

Towards agreement on best practice for publishing raw clinical trial data

Hrynaszkiewicz, Iain, Altman, Douglas G

Many research-funding agencies now require open access to the results of research they have funded, and some also require that researchers make available the raw data generated from that research....

Methodological problems in the use of indirect comparisons for evaluating healthcare interventions: survey of published systematic reviews

Song, Fujian, Loke, Yoon K, Walsh, Tanya, Glenny, Anne-Marie, Eastwood, Alison J, Altman, Douglas G

Objective To investigate basic assumptions and other methodological problems in the application of indirect comparison in systematic reviews of competing healthcare interventions.

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies*

Von Elm, Erik, Altman, Douglas G, Egger, Matthias, Pocock, Stuart J, Gøtzsche, Peter C, Vandenbroucke, Jan P

Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study’s generalizability. The...

The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration

Liberati, Alessandro, Altman, Douglas G., Tetzlaff, Jennifer, Mulrow, Cynthia, Gøtzsche, Peter C., Ioannidis, John P. A., ...

Alessandro Liberati and colleagues present an Explanation and Elaboration of the PRISMA Statement, updated guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement

Moher, David, Liberati, Alessandro, Tetzlaff, Jennifer, Altman, Douglas G

David Moher and colleagues introduce PRISMA, an update of the QUOROM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses

The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

Liberati, Alessandro, Altman, Douglas G, Tetzlaff, Jennifer, Mulrow, Cynthia, Gøtzsche, Peter C, Ioannidis, John P A, ...

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these...

An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: a prospective open cohort study

Collins, Gary S, Altman, Douglas G

Objective To independently evaluate the performance of the QRISK score for predicting 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in an independent UK cohort of patients from general practice and compare...