Wei, C M, Gibson, M, Spear, P G, Scolnick, E M
We constructed lambda recombinants containing the Harvey murine sarcoma virus genome and the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 linked to each other. The tk gene was located in...
PEPTIDE CHAIN TERMINATION, V. THE ROLE OF RELEASE FACTORS IN MRNA TERMINATOR CODON RECOGNITION
Scolnick, E. M., Caskey, C. T.
The protein release factors, R1 and R2, bind to ribosomes in response to specific terminator codons (R1 to UAA or UAG, R2 to UAA or UGA). In reactions containing ribosomes, the tritiated...
Gonda, M A, Kaminchick, J, Oliff, A, Menke, J, Nagashima, K, Scolnick, E M
The pathogenic Friend virus complex is of considerable interest in that, although members of this group are genetically related, they differ markedly in biochemical and biological properties....
Hughes, J V, Stanton, L W, Tomassini, J E, Long, W J, Scolnick, E M
BALB/c mice were immunized with purified preparations of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolated after 21 days of growth in LLC-MK2 cells. The HAV antigen was isolated from CsCl gradients and consisted...
Weeks, M O, Hager, G L, Lowe, R, Scolnick, E M
The Harvey murine sarcoma virus has been cloned and induces focus formation on NIH 3T3 cells. Recombinants of this virus have been constructed which include the thymidine kinase gene of herpes...
Recombinant murine retroviruses containing the src gene of the avian retrovirus Rous sarcoma virus were isolated. Such viruses were isolated from cells after transfection with DNAs in which the src...
Cooper, J A, Scolnick, E M, Ozanne, B, Hunter, T
When human A431 cells, which carry high numbers of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, are exposed to EGF, the total content of phosphotyrosine in cell protein is increased, the EGF receptor...
Willumsen, B M, Ellis, R W, Scolnick, E M, Lowy, D R
The sequences encoding the 21-kilodalton transforming protein (p21 ras) of Harvey murine sarcoma virus have previously been localized genetically to a 1.3-kilobase segment of the viral DNA (E. H....
Photoaffinity labeling with GTP of viral p21 ras protein expressed in Escherichia coli.
Stein, R B, Robinson, P S, Scolnick, E M
The v-ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus encodes a 21,000-dalton protein, p21, which mediates transformation produced by that virus. Previous work has shown that both p21v-rasH and the...
Shih, T Y, Weeks, M O, Gruss, P, Dhar, R, Oroszlan, S, Scolnick, E M
The p21 transforming protein coded for by the v-ras gene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) migrates as a doublet band between 21,000 and 23,000 daltons during sodium dodecyl...
Linemeyer, D L, Menke, J G, Ruscetti, S K, Evans, L H, Scolnick, E M
A series of insertion-deletion mutants was constructed in a molecularly cloned DNA copy of the Friend strain of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). The mutants were produced by inserting a synthetic...
Furth, M E, Davis, L J, Fleurdelys, B, Scolnick, E M
We have isolated eight rat lymphocyte-myeloma hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies that react with the 21,000-dalton transforming protein (p21) encoded by the v-ras gene of Harvey murine...
Comparative biochemical properties of p21 ras molecules coded for by viral and cellular ras genes.
Papageorge, A, Lowy, D, Scolnick, E M
In earlier studies, we molecularly cloned a normal cellular gene, c-rasH-1, homologous to the v-ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-rasH). By ligating a type c retroviral promotor to...
Kaminchik, J, Hankins, W D, Ruscetti, S K, Linemeyer, D L, Scolnick, E M
Previously, we have molecularly cloned proviral DNA of a polycythemia-inducing strain of the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFVp). In this paper, we report that unintegrated proviral DNA of the...
Stage 1 (pre-malignant) and stage 2 (malignant) cells derived from mice infected with Friend murine leukemia virus or polycythemia-inducing Friend virus complex were examined and compared for the...
Active human immunodeficiency virus protease is required for viral infectivity.
Kohl, N E, Emini, E A, Schleif, W A, Davis, L J, Heimbach, J C, Dixon, R A, ...
Retroviral proteins are synthesized as polyprotein precursors that undergo proteolytic cleavages to yield the mature viral proteins. The role of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease in the...
Purification of ras GTPase activating protein from bovine brain.
Gibbs, J B, Schaber, M D, Allard, W J, Sigal, I S, Scolnick, E M
In cytosolic extracts of bovine brain, we detected ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity that stimulated the GTP hydrolytic activity of normal c-Ha-ras p21 but not that of the oncogenic...
Peptide Chain Termination, VII. The Ribosomal and Release Factor Requirements for Peptide Release
Tompkins, R. K., Scolnick, E. M., Caskey, C. T.
Release factors participate in release of fMet from fMet-tRNA · AUG · ribosome intermediates upon binding to ribosomes. This release requires R factor and occurs in the absence of terminator codon...
Oliff, A I, Hager, G L, Chang, E H, Scolnick, E M, Chan, H W, Lowy, D R
Unintegrated viral DNA was isolated via the Hirt procedure from mouse fibroblasts newly infected with Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) clone 201, a biologically cloned helper virus isolated from...
Chang, H W, Garon, C F, Chang, E H, Lowy, D R, Hager, G L, Scolnick, E M, ...
Three species of unintegrated supercoiled Harvey sarcoma virus DNA (6.6, 6.0, and 5.4 kilobase pairs) have been molecularly cloned from Harvey sarcoma virus-infected cells. On the basis of...
Functional organization of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus genome.
Chang, E H, Maryak, J M, Wei, C M, Shih, T Y, Shober, R, Cheung, H L, ...
The comparative infectivity of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) DNA for NIH 3T3 cells was determined for supercoiled Ha-MuSV DNA molecularly cloned in lambda phage and pBR322 at its unique EcoRI...
Linemeyer, D L, Ruscetti, S K, Menke, J G, Scolnick, E M
The genome of the Lilly-Steeves strain of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) was molecularly cloned in the plasmid vector pBR322. Infectious SFFV could be recovered by releasing the SFFV DNA from the...
Stein, R B, Tai, J Y, Scolnick, E M
Rodent fibroblasts infected with the ts371 Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KiMuSV) are temperature sensitive for the maintenance of transformation because of the production of an abnormal p21 protein....
Gibbs, J B, Schaber, M D, Schofield, T L, Scolnick, E M, Sigal, I S
The GTPase-activating protein (GAP) has been postulated to function either as a negative regulator or as a possible target protein of Ras in mammalian cells and Xenopus oocytes. Ras must be localized...
Nucleotide sequence of two rasH related-genes isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Dhar, R, Nieto, A, Koller, R, DeFeo-Jones, D, Scolnick, E M
A complete nucleotide sequence of two ras-related yeast genes (c- rassc -1 and c- rassc -2) isolated from the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. They encode predicted polypeptides of...
Linemeyer, D L, Ruscetti, S K, Scolnick, E M, Evans, L H, Duesberg, P H
A biologically active subgenomic DNA fragment of a polycythemia-inducing strain of the replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) has been molecularly cloned. The SFFV DNA fragment...
DeFeo, D, Gonda, M A, Young, H A, Chang, E H, Lowy, D R, Scolnick, E M, ...
Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) is a mouse-rat recombinant retrovirus that encodes a protein designated p21, required for virally induced transformation. Using a radiolabeled DNA fragment from...
Mutant ras-encoded proteins with altered nucleotide binding exert dominant biological effects.
Sigal, I S, Gibbs, J B, D'Alonzo, J S, Temeles, G L, Wolanski, B S, Socher, S H, ...
We report that residues Lys-16 and Asp-119 play critical roles in the guanine nucleotide binding and, consequently, the biological function of the Ha-ras-encoded protein (Ha). Substitution of an...
Identification of effector residues and a neutralizing epitope of Ha-ras-encoded p21.
Sigal, I S, Gibbs, J B, D'Alonzo, J S, Scolnick, E M
To identify the amino acid residues of the Harvey (Ha) ras-encoded protein that are involved in protein-protein interactions, we have created a series of mutant Ha-ras proteins. In particular, amino...
Chromosome assignments of four mouse cellular homologs of sarcoma and leukemia virus oncogenes.
Sakaguchi, A Y, Lalley, P A, Zabel, B U, Ellis, R W, Scolnick, E M, Naylor, S L
Molecular probes for the oncogenes of Rous sarcoma virus (v-src), avian myeloblastosis virus (v-myb), Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (v-Ki-ras), and Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha-ras) were...
Autophosphorylation of v-Ha-ras p21 is modulated by amino acid residue 12.
Gibbs, J B, Ellis, R W, Scolnick, E M
The 21,000-dalton protein (p21) encoded by the ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha-ras) becomes phosphorylated (pp21) in vivo and in vitro on threonine residue 59. p21 molecules encoded...
Chang, E H, Gonda, M A, Ellis, R W, Scolnick, E M, Lowy, D R
Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses each encode a structurally and functionally related 21-kilodalton protein (p21), which is the transforming protein of each virus. Using probes from the...
Wei, C M, Lowy, D R, Scolnick, E M
Circular DNA intermediates of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) have been cloned in lambda gtWES . lambda B and shown to be capable of transforming mouse NIH 3T3 cells [Hager, G. L., Chang, E....
Scolnick, E M, Vass, W C, Howk, R S, Duesberg, P H
RNA species with properties of defective retrovirus-like 30S RNA genomes have previously been detected in both rats and mice and in some rat and mouse retroviruses. Using cell lines which express...
Ruscetti, S K, Linemeyer, D, Feild, J, Troxler, D, Scolnick, E M
Previously we detected an antigen in cells infected with the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) with a radioimmunoassay specific for the gp 70's of murine leukemia mink cell focus-inducing (MCF)...
Nature and distribution of feline sarcoma virus nucleotide sequences.
Frankel, A E, Gilbert, J H, Porzig, K J, Scolnick, E M, Aaronson, S A
The genomes of three independent isolates of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) were compared by molecular hybridization techniques. Using complementary DNAs prepared from two strains, SM- and ST-FeSV,...
Evans, L H, Duesberg, P H, Troxler, D H, Scolnick, E M
The genome of the defective, murine spleen focus-forming Friend virus (SFFV) was identified as a 50S RNA complex consisting of 32S RNA monomers. Electrophoretic mobility and the molecular weights of...
Shih, T Y, Weeks, M O, Young, H A, Scolnick, E M
We have recently described an intracellular protein, p21, in nonproducer cells transformed by either the Kirsten (Ki-MSV) or Harvey (Ha-MSV) strain of murine sarcoma virus (Shih et al., Virology, in...
Hager, G L, Chang, E H, Chan, H W, Garon, C F, Israel, M A, Martin, M A, ...
Supercoiled Harvey sarcoma virus (Ha-SV) DNA was extracted from newly infected cells by the Hirt procedure, enriched by preparative agarose gel electrophoresis, and digested with EcoRI, which cleaved...
Dual evolutionary origin for the rat genetic sequences of Harvey murine sarcoma virus.
Ellis, R W, DeFeo, D, Maryak, J M, Young, H A, Shih, T Y, Chang, E H, ...
Detailed restriction endonuclease maps were developed for Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) DNA (clone H-1), molecularly closed at its unique EcoRI site in pBR322, for three nonoverlapping...
Steroid induction of mouse mammary tumor virus: effect upon synthesis and degradation of viral RNA.
Young, H A, Shih, T Y, Scolnick, E M, Parks, W P
Steroid hormones have been demonstrated to induce in tissue culture the production of mouse mammary tumor viral (MMTV) RNA, proteins, and particles 10-fold compared with constitutive levels. However,...
Identification of a 30S RNA with properties of a defective type C virus in murine cells.
Howk, R S, Troxler, D H, Lowy, D, Duesberg, P H, Scolnick, E M
A novel species of 30S RNA has been detected in a variety of mouse cell lines. The 30S RNA is specifically packaged by helper-independent type C viruses propagated in such cells. Nucleic acid...
Dexamethasone (3 X 10(-10) to 3 X 10(-6) M) induced foci of morphologically transformed cells in a small proportion of a mink cell line that contains the Moloney murine sarcoma viral genome (S+L-)....
Shih, T Y, Young, H A, Coffin, J M, Scolnick, E M
From analysis of the large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of Kirsten sarcoma virus (Ki-SV), a physical map of the virus genome was deduced. Kirsten murine leukemia virus (Ki-MuLV) sequences were...
Shih, T Y, Weeks, M O, Troxler, D H, Coffin, J M, Scolnick, E M
The site of recombination of a mink cell focus-inducing strain (Mo-MuLV83) derived from an ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) was mapped by fingerprint analysis of the large RNase...
Helper-independent transformation by unintegrated Harvey sarcoma virus DNA.
Lowy, D R, Rands, E, Scolnick, E M
We have studied the unintegrated infectious DNA of Harvey sarcoma virus (Ha-SV) and Moloney leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). The source of infectious viral DNA was the Hirt supernatant fraction from cells...
Comparison of the genomic organization of Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses.
Shih, T Y, Williams, D R, Weeks, M O, Maryak, J M, Vass, W C, Scolnick, E M
Current studies were undertaken to compare the genomes of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV), Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV), and the replication-defective endogenous rat virus to...
Chien, Y H, Verma, I M, Shih, T Y, Scolnick, E M, Davidson, N
The sequence relationships betwen AKR ecotropic virus and an AKR-derived "mink cell focus-inducing" (MCF) isolate (AKR MCF 247), between Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV) and an M-MLV MCF isolate...
Parks, W P, Noon, M C, Gilden, R, Scolnick, E M
Major virion low-molecular-weight polypeptides were isolated from the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus (type C) by agarose chromatography in 6M guanidine hydrochloride and were shown to have...
Base sequence differences between the RNA components of Harvey sarcoma virus.
Maisel, J, Scolnick, E M, Duesberg, P
The 50 to 70S RNA of the Harvey sarcoma-Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) complex consists of 30 to 40S RNA subunits of two different size classes and contains sequences homologous to Moloney mouse...
Scolnick, E M, Williams, D, Maryak, J, Vass, W, Goldberg, R J, Parks, W P
Various rat cell lines have been analyzed for expression of endogenous RNA homologous either to RT21C, a typical rat type C virus, or to Kirsten sarcoma virus. Cells have been found that express...
Scolnick, E. M., Parks, W., Kawakami, T., Kohne, Dave, Okabe, H., Gilden, Ray, ...
Hybridization studies employing single-stranded 3H-DNA transcripts of type-C viruses isolated from a woolly monkey or gibbon ape failed to detect nucleic acid sequences homologous to these viruses in...
Mason-Pfizer Virus Characterization: a Similar Virus in a Human Amniotic Cell Line
Parks, W. P., Gilden, R. V., Bykovsky, A. F., Miller, G. G., Zhdanov, V. M., Soloviev, V. D., ...
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MP-MV) is a RNA virus with an RNA-instructed DNA polymerase first isolated from a rhesus monkey mammary adenocarcinoma in 1970. Until recently, there have been no other...
Identification of amino acid residues required for Ras p21 target activation.
Marshall, M S, Davis, L J, Keys, R D, Mosser, S D, Hill, W S, Scolnick, E M, ...
The Krev-1 gene has been shown to suppress ras-mediated transformation in vitro. Both ras and Krev-1 proteins have identical effector domains (ras residues 32 to 40), which are required for...
Marshall, M S, Gibbs, J B, Scolnick, E M, Sigal, I S
Conservative amino acid substitutions were introduced into the proposed effector regions of both mammalian Ha-ras (residues 32 to 40) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS2 (residues 39 to 47) proteins....
Regulatory function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS C-terminus.
Marshall, M S, Gibbs, J B, Scolnick, E M, Sigal, I S
Activating mutations (valine 19 or leucine 68) were introduced into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS1 and RAS2 genes. In addition, a deletion was introduced into the wild-type gene and into an...
Nucleotide sequence of the two rat cellular rasH genes.
Ruta, M, Wolford, R, Dhar, R, Defeo-Jones, D, Ellis, R W, Scolnick, E M
We present the nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the rat c-rasH-1 gene and a partial sequence analysis of the rat c-rasH-2 gene. By comparing these sequences with the Harvey murine sarcoma...
Papageorge, A G, Defeo-Jones, D, Robinson, P, Temeles, G, Scolnick, E M
A family of normal vertebrate genes and oncogenes has been called the ras gene family. The name ras was assigned to this gene family based on the species of origin of the viral oncogenes of the...
Regional localization of two human cellular Kirsten ras genes on chromosomes 6 and 12.
Sakaguchi, A Y, Zabel, B U, Grzeschik, K H, Law, M L, Ellis, R W, Scolnick, E M, ...
Human cellular Kirsten ras1 and ras2 genes were localized to chromosomes 6p23 ----q12 and 12p12 .05----pter, respectively, using human-rodent cell hybrids. Thus, the short arms of human chromosomes...
Expression and characterization of ras mRNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Temeles, G L, DeFeo-Jones, D, Tatchell, K, Ellinger, M S, Scolnick, E M
The cellular homologs of the Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma virus oncogenes comprise a multigene family, ras, that displays striking evolutionary conservation. We recently reported [DeFeo-Jones et...
Markedly elevated levels of an endogenous sarc protein in a hemopoietic precursor cell line.
Scolnick, E M, Weeks, M O, Shih, T Y, Ruscetti, S K, Dexter, T M
The src gene product of Harvey murine sarcoma virus is a 21,000-dalton guanine nucleotide-binding protein. We have recently shown that a wide variety of vertebrate cell strains and cell lines express...
Ellis, R W, DeFeo, D, Furth, M E, Scolnick, E M
The Kirsten (Ki) and Harvey (Ha) strains of murine sarcoma virus encode a 21,000-dalton protein (p21 ras) which is the product of the transforming gene of these viruses. Normal cells express low...
Young, H A, Shih, T Y, Scolnick, E M, Rasheed, S, Gardner, M B
Kirsten sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) and Harvey sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV) are mouse-rat recombinant viruses that were originally isolated by experimental inoculation of rats with helper-independent mouse type...
Noda, M, Selinger, Z, Scolnick, E M, Bassin, R H
Two flat revertants have been isolated from mutagen-treated populations of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV)-transformed NIH/3T3 cells. These revertants, which appear to be cellular variants...
Scolnick, E M, Howk, R S, Anisowicz, A, Peebles, P T, Scher, C D, Parks, W P
We have studied the nucleic acid sequences in nonproducer cells transformed by Moloney sarcoma virus or Abelson leukemia virus (two types of replication-defective, RNA-containing, viruses isolated by...
Hydrolysis of fMet-tRNA by Peptidyl Transferase
Caskey, C. T., Beaudet, A. L., Scolnick, E. M., Rosman, M.
Escherichia coli and rabbit reticulocyte (f[3H]Met-tRNA·AUG·ribosome) intermediates undergo hydrolysis, with release of f[3H]methionine, upon addition of tRNA or CpCpA in the presence of acetone....