Busta, F F, Baillie, E, Murrell, W G
The addition of 0.6 M sucrose of 0.016 M Mg2+ to the enumeration medium was required for early expression of heat resistance (10 min at 70 degrees C) in stage V Bacillus cereus forspores. The...
The effects of two pH levels (5.55 or 5.85) in combination with 0.4% sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), NaH2PO4 X H2O, Na2HPO4 X 7H2O, or NaCl on the growth and toxicity of Clostridium botulinum 52A...
Inhibition of germinant binding by bacterial spores in acidic environments.
Commitment to germinate occurred in both Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus cereus spores during 0.5 min of exposure to 100 mM L-alanine or L-cysteine, measured by the inability of germination...
Heat-induced temperature sensitivity of outgrowing Bacillus cereus spores.
Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores during cooling (10 degrees C/h) from 90 degrees C occurred in two phases. One phase occurred during cooling from 90 to 80 degrees C; the second occurred during...
Hypochlorite injury of Clostridium botulinum spores alters germination responses.
Clostridium botulinum spores were sublethally damaged by exposure to 12 or 28 micrograms of available chlorine per ml for 2 min at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0. The damaging dose was 2.7 x 10(-6) to 3.1 x...
Proposed role of lactate in germination of hypochlorite-treated Clostridium botulinum spores.
Clostridium botulinum 12885A spores treated with hypochlorite required added DL-calcium lactate for L-alanine germination. Lactate was the active component of calcium lactate. Equimolar...
Proposed mechanism for sensitization by hypochlorite treatment of Clostridium botulinum spores.
Hypochlorite-treated Clostridium botulinum 12885A spores, but not buffer-treated spores, could be germinated with lysozyme, indicating that their coats are made permeable to lysozyme by hypochlorite...
Similar populations of hypochlorite-treated spores were enumerated from two crops of Clostridium botulinum 12885A produced by the same procedure; however, germination required different L-alanine...
Dialysis technique for containment of microbial populations inoculated into food systems.
Willardsen, R R, Busta, F F, Allen, C E
A technique utilizing dialysis tubing was developed for the containment of microbial populations introduced into a food system. The entrapment of the inoculum was accomplished while reducing...
Thermal resistance in heat-sensitive, dipicolinic acid (DPA)-less spores of Bacillus cereus Ht-8 heated in sucrose solutions increased at and above a concentration of 2 M sucrose. The decimal...
Sofos, J N, Busta, F F, Allen, C E
Samples of (i) a control or of (ii) sodium nitrite-containing or (iii) sorbic acid-containing, mechanically deboned chicken meat frankfurter-type emulsions inoculated with Clostridium botulinum...
Heat resistance of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans spores in soy protein infant formula preparations.
The heat resistance of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans spores was determined in soy protein infant formula preparations. Methods of sporulation were developed and evaluated. D. nigrificans spores of...
Repair of Injury in Freeze-Dried Salmonella anatum1
Ray, B., Jezeski, J. J., Busta, F. F.
Repair of injury induced by freeze-drying Salmonella anatum in nonfat milk solids occurred rapidly after rehydration. Injury in surviving cells was defined as the inability to form colonies on a...
Identification of a Germination System Involved in the Heat Injury of Bacillus Subtilis Spores 1
Bacillus subtilis A spores were injured by exposure to heat treatments of 110 to 132 C. Injury was demonstrated by the inability to form colonies on fortified nutrient agar (FNA) unless the medium...
Ultrahigh-Temperature Activation of a Low-Temperature Bacillus subtilis Spore Germination System 12
Exposure of Bacillus subtilis A spores to 115 to 125 C for several seconds activated a low-temperature germination system that remained dormant after a heat treatment that activated the normal...
Simple Method for Collection of Samples from a Frozen Food 1
The conical end of a plastic funnel can be sterilized and used for aseptic collection, transfer, and distribution of shaving samples drilled from a frozen-food product.
Inhibition of Bacillus megaterium by a Trimethylamine Oxide-Associated Browning Reaction Product 1
Rosen, B., Christiansen, L. N., Busta, F. F.
Heated combinations of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and culture media (tryptone, glucose, yeast extract broth or a defined minimal medium), or heated TMAO and glucose, contained substance(s) that...
Injury of Bacteria by Sanitizers 1
Scheusner, D. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
Injury of test cultures was quantitated by differences in colony counts obtained with a complete medium and those obtained on conventional selective media. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus...
Inhibition of Injured Escherichia coli by Several Selective Agents 1
Scheusner, D. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
A population of Escherichia coli ML30 cells was exposed to a quaternary ammonium compound, and injury to the cells was measured by a comparison of counts on Trypticase Soy Agar and Violet Red Bile...
Effect of Soy Proteins on the Growth of Clostridium perfringens1
Proteins that are used to fabricate imitation foods such as synthetic meats were evaluated for stimulative or inhibitory effects on the growth of Clostridium perfringens. Growth rate and extent were...
Effect of Rehydration on Recovery, Repair, and Growth of Injured Freeze-Dried Salmonella anatum1
Ray, B., Jezeski, J. J., Busta, F. F.
From 70 to 90% of the Salmonella anatum cells that survived freeze-drying in nonfat milk solids were injured. After rehydration, these injured survivors failed to grow on a selective plating medium...
Growth of Clostridium perfringens in Food Proteins Previously Exposed to Proteolytic Bacilli1
Proteolytic sporeforming bacteria capable of surviving processing heat treatments in synthetic or fabricated protein foods exhibited no antagonistic effects on growth of Clostridium perfringens, but...
Fast freezing and slow thawing Salmonella anatum cells in various milk components inactivated from 20 to 98% of the cells and damaged 40 to 90% of the cells surviving the treatments. Injured cells...
Characterization of the Repair of Injury Induced by Freezing Salmonella anatum1
Ray, B., Janssen, D. W., Busta, F. F.
Fast freezing and slow thawing of Salmonella anatum cells suspended in water resulted in injury of more than 90% of the cells that survived the treatment. The injured cells failed to form colonies on...
Thermal Inactivation Characteristics of Bacterial Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures1
The thermal inactivation characteristics of Bacillus stearothermophilus (1518) spores and putrefactive anaerobe (PA) 3679 (NCA) spores suspended in skim milk were determined after treatment in...
Relief of Casein Inhibition of Bacillus stearothermophilus by Iron, Calcium, and Magnesium1
Ashton, D. H., Busta, F. F., Warren, J. A.
Growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NCA 1518 Smooth in Dextrose Tryptone Agar (DTA) was inhibited by sodium caseinate. Binding studies indicated that sodium caseinate, when present in DTA,...
The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus 196E surviving heat treatment in milk for various times at 60 C were determined by plate count with normal and modified Staphylococcus Medium No. 110 (S-110),...
A method, based on germination with 50 mm CaCl2 and 40 mm sodium dipicolinate (Na2DPA), was developed for the determination of total viable counts of bacterial spores requiring heat activation....
Bacillus subtilis strain 5230 endospores suspended in a variety of suspending media at a concentration of ca. 108 per ml were heated at 95 and 75 C. The effect of the heating at 75 C was measured by...
Thermal Inactivation Characteristics of Bacillus subtilis Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures1
Edwards, J. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
The thermal inactivation characteristics of Bacillus subtilis A spores suspended in skim milk with the use of large-scale ultrahigh temperature (UHT) processing equipment were investigated in terms...
Heat Injury of Bacillus subtilis Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures1
Edwards, J. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
The following three criteria indicated that Bacillus subtilis A spores were injured, but not completely inactivated, by ultrahigh temperature treatment. (i) Significant reductions in survivors were...
Busta, F F, Baillie, E, Murrell, W G
The addition of 0.6 M sucrose of 0.016 M Mg2+ to the enumeration medium was required for early expression of heat resistance (10 min at 70 degrees C) in stage V Bacillus cereus forspores. The...
The effects of two pH levels (5.55 or 5.85) in combination with 0.4% sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), NaH2PO4 X H2O, Na2HPO4 X 7H2O, or NaCl on the growth and toxicity of Clostridium botulinum 52A...
Inhibition of germinant binding by bacterial spores in acidic environments.
Commitment to germinate occurred in both Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus cereus spores during 0.5 min of exposure to 100 mM L-alanine or L-cysteine, measured by the inability of germination...
Heat-induced temperature sensitivity of outgrowing Bacillus cereus spores.
Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores during cooling (10 degrees C/h) from 90 degrees C occurred in two phases. One phase occurred during cooling from 90 to 80 degrees C; the second occurred during...
Hypochlorite injury of Clostridium botulinum spores alters germination responses.
Clostridium botulinum spores were sublethally damaged by exposure to 12 or 28 micrograms of available chlorine per ml for 2 min at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0. The damaging dose was 2.7 x 10(-6) to 3.1 x...
Proposed role of lactate in germination of hypochlorite-treated Clostridium botulinum spores.
Clostridium botulinum 12885A spores treated with hypochlorite required added DL-calcium lactate for L-alanine germination. Lactate was the active component of calcium lactate. Equimolar...
Proposed mechanism for sensitization by hypochlorite treatment of Clostridium botulinum spores.
Hypochlorite-treated Clostridium botulinum 12885A spores, but not buffer-treated spores, could be germinated with lysozyme, indicating that their coats are made permeable to lysozyme by hypochlorite...
Similar populations of hypochlorite-treated spores were enumerated from two crops of Clostridium botulinum 12885A produced by the same procedure; however, germination required different L-alanine...
Dialysis technique for containment of microbial populations inoculated into food systems.
Willardsen, R R, Busta, F F, Allen, C E
A technique utilizing dialysis tubing was developed for the containment of microbial populations introduced into a food system. The entrapment of the inoculum was accomplished while reducing...
Thermal resistance in heat-sensitive, dipicolinic acid (DPA)-less spores of Bacillus cereus Ht-8 heated in sucrose solutions increased at and above a concentration of 2 M sucrose. The decimal...
Sofos, J N, Busta, F F, Allen, C E
Samples of (i) a control or of (ii) sodium nitrite-containing or (iii) sorbic acid-containing, mechanically deboned chicken meat frankfurter-type emulsions inoculated with Clostridium botulinum...
Heat resistance of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans spores in soy protein infant formula preparations.
The heat resistance of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans spores was determined in soy protein infant formula preparations. Methods of sporulation were developed and evaluated. D. nigrificans spores of...
Repair of Injury in Freeze-Dried Salmonella anatum1
Ray, B., Jezeski, J. J., Busta, F. F.
Repair of injury induced by freeze-drying Salmonella anatum in nonfat milk solids occurred rapidly after rehydration. Injury in surviving cells was defined as the inability to form colonies on a...
Identification of a Germination System Involved in the Heat Injury of Bacillus Subtilis Spores 1
Bacillus subtilis A spores were injured by exposure to heat treatments of 110 to 132 C. Injury was demonstrated by the inability to form colonies on fortified nutrient agar (FNA) unless the medium...
Ultrahigh-Temperature Activation of a Low-Temperature Bacillus subtilis Spore Germination System 12
Exposure of Bacillus subtilis A spores to 115 to 125 C for several seconds activated a low-temperature germination system that remained dormant after a heat treatment that activated the normal...
Simple Method for Collection of Samples from a Frozen Food 1
The conical end of a plastic funnel can be sterilized and used for aseptic collection, transfer, and distribution of shaving samples drilled from a frozen-food product.
Inhibition of Bacillus megaterium by a Trimethylamine Oxide-Associated Browning Reaction Product 1
Rosen, B., Christiansen, L. N., Busta, F. F.
Heated combinations of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and culture media (tryptone, glucose, yeast extract broth or a defined minimal medium), or heated TMAO and glucose, contained substance(s) that...
Injury of Bacteria by Sanitizers 1
Scheusner, D. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
Injury of test cultures was quantitated by differences in colony counts obtained with a complete medium and those obtained on conventional selective media. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus...
Inhibition of Injured Escherichia coli by Several Selective Agents 1
Scheusner, D. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
A population of Escherichia coli ML30 cells was exposed to a quaternary ammonium compound, and injury to the cells was measured by a comparison of counts on Trypticase Soy Agar and Violet Red Bile...
Effect of Soy Proteins on the Growth of Clostridium perfringens1
Proteins that are used to fabricate imitation foods such as synthetic meats were evaluated for stimulative or inhibitory effects on the growth of Clostridium perfringens. Growth rate and extent were...
Effect of Rehydration on Recovery, Repair, and Growth of Injured Freeze-Dried Salmonella anatum1
Ray, B., Jezeski, J. J., Busta, F. F.
From 70 to 90% of the Salmonella anatum cells that survived freeze-drying in nonfat milk solids were injured. After rehydration, these injured survivors failed to grow on a selective plating medium...
Growth of Clostridium perfringens in Food Proteins Previously Exposed to Proteolytic Bacilli1
Proteolytic sporeforming bacteria capable of surviving processing heat treatments in synthetic or fabricated protein foods exhibited no antagonistic effects on growth of Clostridium perfringens, but...
Fast freezing and slow thawing Salmonella anatum cells in various milk components inactivated from 20 to 98% of the cells and damaged 40 to 90% of the cells surviving the treatments. Injured cells...
Characterization of the Repair of Injury Induced by Freezing Salmonella anatum1
Ray, B., Janssen, D. W., Busta, F. F.
Fast freezing and slow thawing of Salmonella anatum cells suspended in water resulted in injury of more than 90% of the cells that survived the treatment. The injured cells failed to form colonies on...
Thermal Inactivation Characteristics of Bacterial Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures1
The thermal inactivation characteristics of Bacillus stearothermophilus (1518) spores and putrefactive anaerobe (PA) 3679 (NCA) spores suspended in skim milk were determined after treatment in...
Relief of Casein Inhibition of Bacillus stearothermophilus by Iron, Calcium, and Magnesium1
Ashton, D. H., Busta, F. F., Warren, J. A.
Growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NCA 1518 Smooth in Dextrose Tryptone Agar (DTA) was inhibited by sodium caseinate. Binding studies indicated that sodium caseinate, when present in DTA,...
The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus 196E surviving heat treatment in milk for various times at 60 C were determined by plate count with normal and modified Staphylococcus Medium No. 110 (S-110),...
A method, based on germination with 50 mm CaCl2 and 40 mm sodium dipicolinate (Na2DPA), was developed for the determination of total viable counts of bacterial spores requiring heat activation....
Bacillus subtilis strain 5230 endospores suspended in a variety of suspending media at a concentration of ca. 108 per ml were heated at 95 and 75 C. The effect of the heating at 75 C was measured by...
Thermal Inactivation Characteristics of Bacillus subtilis Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures1
Edwards, J. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
The thermal inactivation characteristics of Bacillus subtilis A spores suspended in skim milk with the use of large-scale ultrahigh temperature (UHT) processing equipment were investigated in terms...
Heat Injury of Bacillus subtilis Spores at Ultrahigh Temperatures1
Edwards, J. L., Busta, F. F., Speck, M. L.
The following three criteria indicated that Bacillus subtilis A spores were injured, but not completely inactivated, by ultrahigh temperature treatment. (i) Significant reductions in survivors were...