Frank B. Hu

Age at Menarche and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From 2 Large Prospective Cohort Studies (2010)

He, Chunyan, Zhang, Cuilin, Hunter, David J., Hankinson, Susan E., Buck Louis, Germaine M., Hediger, Mary L., ...

The authors investigated the association between age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 101,415 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) aged 34–59 years (1980–2006)...

Genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin-2 type 1 receptor and angiotensinogen and risk of renal dysfunction and coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2009)

Lin, Julie, Hu, Frank B, Qi, Lu, Curhan, Gary C

Abstract Background Increased activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be important in promoting coronary heart disease (CHD) and renal dysfunction, but limited data are available on...

Common variants in KCNQ1 are associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in a Chinese Han population (2009)

Qi, Qibin, Li, Huaixing, Loos, Ruth J.F., Liu, Chen, Wu, Ying, Hu, Frank B., ...

Common variants in KCNQ1 have recently been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes in East Asians. We aimed to examine whether these common variants (rs2074196, rs2237892, rs2237895 and...

Underlying Genetic Models of Inheritance in Established Type 2 Diabetes Associations (2009)

Salanti, Georgia, Southam, Lorraine, Altshuler, David, Ardlie, Kristin, Barroso, Inês, Boehnke, Michael, ...

For most associations of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with common diseases, the genetic model of inheritance is unknown. The authors extended and applied a Bayesian meta-analysis...

Isotemporal Substitution Paradigm for Physical Activity Epidemiology and Weight Change (2009)

Mekary, Rania A., Willett, Walter C., Hu, Frank B., Ding, Eric L.

For a fixed amount of time engaged in physical activity, activity choice may affect body weight differently depending partly on other activities’ displacement. Typical models used to evaluate...

Association Between Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population (2009)

Song, Fangfang, Li, Xiangyang, Zhang, Muxun, Yao, Ping, Yang, Nianhong, Sun, Xiufa, ...

The authors aimed to determine whether 2 functional polymorphisms in the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A Chinese case-control study...

Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity (2008)

Loos, Ruth J.F., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Li, Shengxu, Wheeler, Eleanor, Zhao, Jing Hua, Prokopenko, Inga, ...

To identify common variants influencing body mass index (BMI), we analyzed genome-wide association data from 16,876 individuals of European descent. After previously reported variants in FTO, the...

The common obesity variant near MC4R gene is associated with higher intakes of total energy and dietary fat, weight change and diabetes risk in women (2008)

Qi, Lu, Kraft, Peter, Hunter, David J., Hu, Frank B.

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays critical roles in regulating food intake and energy balance. Recent genome wide scans found common variants near MC4R were related to obesity and insulin...

Systematic Review of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Fracture (2007)

Janghorbani, Mohsen, Van Dam, Rob M., Willett, Walter C., Hu, Frank B.

The authors conducted a systematic review of published data on the association between diabetes mellitus and fracture. The authors searched MEDLINE through June 2006 and examined the reference lists...

Whole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review (2007)

Jeroen S. L. De Munter, Frank B. Hu, Donna Spiegelman, Mary Franz, Rob M. Van Dam

BackgroundControl of body weight by balancing energy intake and energy expenditure is of major importance for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, but the role of specific dietary factors in the...

A Prospective Study of Childhood and Adult Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Women (2007)

Lidfeldt, Jonas, Li, Tricia Y., Hu, Frank B., Manson, JoAnn E., Kawachi, Ichiro

The influence of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has not previously been studied. The authors prospectively examined the association of childhood SES...

Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study (2007)

Benito-Garcia, Elizabeth, Feskanich, Diane, Hu, Frank B, Mandl, Lisa A, Karlson, Elizabeth W

Abstract A recent prospective study showed that higher consumption of red meat and total protein was associated with increased risk for inflammatory polyarthritis. We therefore prospectively examined...

A Prospective Study of Childhood and Adult Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Women (2007)

Lidfeldt, Jonas, Li, Tricia Y., Hu, Frank B., Manson, JoAnn E., Kawachi, Ichiro

The influence of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has not previously been studied. The authors prospectively examined the association of childhood SES...

Association between Reduced Sleep and Weight Gain in Women (2006)

Patel, Sanjay R., Malhotra, Atul, White, David P., Gottlieb, Daniel J., Hu, Frank B.

Physiologic studies suggest that sleep restriction has metabolic effects that predispose to weight gain. The authors investigated the association between self-reported usual sleep duration and...

Genetic variation in IL6 gene and type 2 diabetes: Tagging-SNP haplotype analysis in large-scale case-control study and meta-analysis (2006)

Qi, Lu, Van Dam, Rob M., Meigs, James B., Manson, JoAnn E., Hunter, David, Hu, Frank B.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6, gene symbol IL6) is a proinflammatory cytokine. High circulating IL-6 levels have been associated with insulin resistance and greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Using a linkage...

Genetic variation in IL6 gene and type 2 diabetes: tagging-SNP haplotype analysis in large-scale case-control study and meta-analysis (2006)

Qi, Lu, Van Dam, Rob M., Meigs, James B., Manson, JoAnn E., Hunter, David, Hu, Frank B.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6, gene symbol IL6) is a proinflammatory cytokine. High circulating IL-6 levels have been associated with insulin resistance and greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Using a linkage...

Association between Reduced Sleep and Weight Gain in Women (2006)

Patel, Sanjay R., Malhotra, Atul, White, David P., Gottlieb, Daniel J., Hu, Frank B.

Physiologic studies suggest that sleep restriction has metabolic effects that predispose to weight gain. The authors investigated the association between self-reported usual sleep duration and...

Underweight, Overweight, Obesity, and Excess Deaths (2005)

Willett, Walter C., Hu, Frank B., Colditz, Graham A., Manson, JoAnn E.

In their study of deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity, Dr Flegal and colleagues1 conclude that excess mortality due to obesity and overweight is much lower than previously...

Carbohydrate Intake, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Fiber in Relation to Risk of Stroke in Women (2005)

Oh, Kyungwon, Hu, Frank B., Cho, Eunyoung, Rexrode, Kathryn M., Stampfer, Meir J., Manson, JoAnn E., ...

The associations of dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load with stroke risk were examined among 78,779 US women who were free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in 1980 and...

Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women: 20 Years of Follow-up of the Nurses' Health Study (2005)

Oh, Kyungwon, Hu, Frank B., Manson, JoAnn E., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C.

The authors examined the associations of dietary fat and specific types of fat with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 78,778 US women initially free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in...

Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in US women (2005)

Lee, Sunmin, Cho, Eunyoung, Grodstein, Francine, Kawachi, Ichiro, Hu, Frank B, Colditz, Graham A

Background Previous studies have indicated that married people have lower mortality and are generally healthier. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional and few studies investigated the...

Changes in Body Weight and Body Fat Distribution as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in US Men (2004)

Koh-Banerjee, Pauline, Wang, Youfa, Hu, Frank B., Spiegelman, Donna, Willett, Walter C., Rimm, Eric B.

Although previous studies have linked obesity to diabetes, the risks associated with weight gain or changes in body fat distribution have not been fully elucidated. The authors therefore...

Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in US women (2004)

Lee, Sunmin, Cho, Eunyoung, Grodstein, Francine, Kawachi, Ichiro, Hu, Frank B., Colditz, Graham A.

Background Previous studies have indicated that married people have lower mortality and are generally healthier. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional and few studies investigated the...

Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Major Chronic Disease (2004)

Hung, Hsin-Chia, Joshipura, Kaumudi J., Jiang, Rui, Hu, Frank B., Hunter, David, Smith-Warner, Stephanie A., ...

Background: Studies of fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to overall health are limited. We evaluated the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of cardiovascular...

A Prospective Cohort Study of Nut Consumption and the Risk of Gallstone Disease in Men (2004)

Tsai, Chung-Jyi, Leitzmann, Michael F., Hu, Frank B., Willett, Walter C., Giovannucci, Edward L.

Gallstone disease is a major source of morbidity in Western countries. Nuts are rich in several compounds that may be protective against gallstones. The objective of the study was to examine the...

Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in US women (2004)

Lee, Sunmin, Cho, Eunyoung, Grodstein, Francine, Kawachi, Ichiro, Hu, Frank B., Colditz, Graham A.

Background Previous studies have indicated that married people have lower mortality and are generally healthier. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional and few studies investigated the...

Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} gene polymorphism and dietary fat intake in relation to body mass (2003)

Memisoglu, Asli, Hu, Frank B., Hankinson, Susan E., Manson, JoAnn E., De Vivo, Immaculata, Willett, Walter C., ...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a critical regulator of adipogenesis. PPARγ +/- mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and thus PPARγ may mediate...

Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} gene polymorphism and dietary fat intake in relation to body mass (2003)

Memisoglu, Asli, Hu, Frank B., Hankinson, Susan E., Manson, JoAnn E., De Vivo, Immaculata, Willett, Walter C., ...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a critical regulator of adipogenesis. PPARγ+/− mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and thus PPARγ may...

Joint Association of Alcohol and Folate Intake with Risk of Major Chronic Disease in Women (2003)

Jiang, Rui, Hu, Frank B., Giovannucci, Edward L., Rimm, Eric B., Stampfer, Meir J., Spiegelman, Donna, ...

Alcohol interferes with folate metabolism and has opposing effects on the risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The authors examined the joint association of alcohol and folate intake with risk...

Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} gene polymorphism and dietary fat intake in relation to body mass (2003)

Memisoglu, Asli, Hu, Frank B., Hankinson, Susan E., Manson, JoAnn E., De Vivo, Immaculata, Willett, Walter C., ...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a critical regulator of adipogenesis. PPARγ +/- mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and thus PPARγ may mediate...

Snoring as a Risk Factor for Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study (2002)

Al-Delaimy, Wael K., Manson, JoAnn E., Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., Hu, Frank B.

To examine the association between snoring and risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus, the authors analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study cohort. This analysis included 69,852 US female...

Prospective Study of Cataract Extraction and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women (2001)

Hu, Frank B., Hankinson, Susan E., Stampfer, Meir J., Manson, JoAnn E., Colditz, Graham A., Speizer, Frank E., ...

Oxidative damage to proteins in the human lens is believed to be important in the etiology of age-related cataract. Because free radical-mediated oxidative damage to lipoproteins may accelerate...

Prospective Study of Major Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women (2001)

Terry, Paul, Hu, Frank B., Hansen, Holger, Wolk, Alicja

A number of prospective cohort studies have examined the relations of individual dietary variables to risk of colorectal cancer. Few studies have addressed the broader eating patterns that reflect...

Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Rural Chinese Population (2000)

Hu, Frank B., Wang, Binyan, Chen, Changzhong, Jin, Yongtang, Yang, Jianhua, Stampfer, Meir J., ...

The metabolic consequences of obesity are well-documented in Western populations. However, limited data are available on the association between body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors...

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Television Watching, and Plasma Biomarkers of Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk (2000)

Fung, Teresa T., Hu, Frank B., Yu, Jie, Chu, Nain-Feng, Spiegelman, Donna, Tofler, Geoffrey H., ...

The benefits of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) are thought to be mediated through changes in blood lipids, insulin sensitivity, and thrombogenic factors. Few studies have...

Prospective Study of Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women (1999)

Hu, Frank B., Manson, JoAnn E., Liu, Simin, Hunter, David, Colditz, Graham A., Michels, Karin B., ...

BACKGROUND: The remarkable similarity of lifestyle and environmental risk factors for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and colon cancer has led to the hypothesis that diabetes may...

Dietary Fat and Coronary Heart Disease: A Comparison of Approaches for Adjusting for Total Energy Intake and Modeling Repeated Dietary Measurements (1999)

Hu, Frank B., Stampfer, Meir J., Rimm, Eric, Ascherio, Alberto, Rosner, Bernard A., Spiegelman, Donna, ...

Previous cohort studies of fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been inconsistent, probably due in part to methodological differences and various limitations, including inadequate...

Prospective Study of Snoring and Risk of Hypertension in Women (1999)

Hu, Frank B., Willett, Walter C., Colditz, Graham A., Ascherio, Alberto, Speizer, Frank E., Rosner, Bernard, ...

Whether snoring increases the risk of hypertension remains unclear. The authors examined the association between snoring and risk of hypertension in a cohort of 73,231 US female nurses aged 40–65...

Comparison of Population-Averaged and Subject-Specific Approaches for Analyzing Repeated Binary Outcomes (1998)

Hu, Frank B., Goldberg, Jack, Hedeker, Donald, Flay, Brian R., Pentz, Mary Ann

Several approaches have been proposed to model binary outcomes that arise from longitudinal studies. Most of the approaches can be grouped into two classes: the population-averaged and...

Intraclass Correlation Estimates in a School-based Smoking Prevention Study: Outcome and Mediating Variables, by Sex and Ethnicity (1996)

Siddiqui, Ohidul, Hedeker, Donald, Flay, Brian R., Hu, Frank B.

Most school-based smoking prevention studies employ designs in which schools or classrooms are assigned to different treatment conditions while observations are made on individual students. This...

Interplay Between Different Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men

Mozaffarian, Dariush, Ascherio, Alberto, Hu, Frank B., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Siscovick, David S., ...

Background—Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but n-6 PUFAs may compete with n-3 PUFA metabolism and attenuate benefits. Additionally,...

Protein, iron, and meat consumption and risk for rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study

Benito-Garcia, Elizabeth, Feskanich, Diane, Hu, Frank B, Mandl, Lisa A, Karlson, Elizabeth W

A recent prospective study showed that higher consumption of red meat and total protein was associated with increased risk for inflammatory polyarthritis. We therefore prospectively examined the...

Whole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review

De Munter, Jeroen S. L, Hu, Frank B, Spiegelman, Donna, Franz, Mary, Van Dam, Rob M

Jeroen de Munter and colleagues found that, in women in the US Nurses' Health Studies, whole grain intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. The association was stronger for bran...

Determining Origins and Causes of Childhood Obesity via Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Ding, Eric L, Hu, Frank B

The authors discuss a new study that investigated the developmental overnutrition hypothesis in a large cohort of British pregnant mothers.

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Alleles Associated with Hair Color and Skin Pigmentation

Han, Jiali, Kraft, Peter, Nan, Hongmei, Guo, Qun, Chen, Constance, Qureshi, Abrar, ...

We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study of natural hair color in more than 10,000 men and women of European ancestry from the United States and Australia. An initial analysis of...

Combined impact of lifestyle factors on mortality: prospective cohort study in US women

Van Dam, Rob M, Li, Tricia, Spiegelman, Donna, Franco, Oscar H, Hu, Frank B

Objective To evaluate the impact of combinations of lifestyle factors on mortality in middle aged women.

Genome-Wide Association Scan Meta-Analysis Identifies Three Loci Influencing Adiposity and Fat Distribution

Lindgren, Cecilia M., Heid, Iris M., Randall, Joshua C., Lamina, Claudia, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Qi, Lu, ...

To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies (GWAS, N = 38,580) informative for adult waist...

Intake of Fruit, Vegetables, and Fruit Juices and Risk of Diabetes in Women

Bazzano, Lydia A., Li, Tricia Y., Joshipura, Kamudi J., Hu, Frank B.

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake and development of type 2 diabetes.

Alcohol Consumption, Mediating Biomarkers, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Middle-Aged Women

Beulens, Joline W.J., Rimm, Eric B., Hu, Frank B., Hendriks, Henk F.J., Mukamal, Kenneth J.

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin concentrations and biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance mediate the association...

Common Variants in CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, and HHEX/IDE Genes Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in a Chinese Han Population

Wu, Ying, Li, Huaixing, Loos, Ruth J.F., Yu, Zhijie, Ye, Xingwang, Chen, Lihua, ...

OBJECTIVE— Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, HHEX/IDE, EXT2, and LOC387761 loci that significantly increase the risk of type 2...

Meta-Analysis of the INSIG2 Association with Obesity Including 74,345 Individuals: Does Heterogeneity of Estimates Relate to Study Design?

Heid, Iris M., Huth, Cornelia, Loos, Ruth J. F., Kronenberg, Florian, Adamkova, Vera, Anand, Sonia S., ...

The INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism was identified for obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) in one of the first genome-wide association studies, but replications were inconsistent. We collected statistics from 34...

Fat Mass–and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene Variant Is Associated With Obesity: Longitudinal Analyses in Two Cohort Studies and Functional Test

Qi, Lu, Kang, Kihwa, Zhang, Cuilin, Van Dam, Rob M., Kraft, Peter, Hunter, David, ...

OBJECTIVE—To examine the longitudinal association of fat mass–and obesity-associated (FTO) variant with obesity, circulating adipokine levels, and FTO expression in various materials from human...

The common obesity variant near MC4R gene is associated with higher intakes of total energy and dietary fat, weight change and diabetes risk in women

Qi, Lu, Kraft, Peter, Hunter, David J., Hu, Frank B.

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays critical roles in regulating food intake and energy balance. Recent genome wide scans found common variants near MC4R were related to obesity and insulin...

Excessive Body Iron Stores Are Not Associated with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women12

Sun, Qi, Ma, Jing, Rifai, Nader, Franco, Oscar H., Rexrode, Kathryn M., Hu, Frank B.

The positive association between body iron stores and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) initially observed among a Finnish male population has not been corroborated by studies conducted in other...

Interleukin-6 Receptor Gene, Plasma C-Reactive Protein, and Diabetes Risk in Women

Qi, Lu, Rifai, Nader, Hu, Frank B.

OBJECTIVE—Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) related common variants in the interleukin-6 (Il-6) receptor (IL6R) gene to plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Because IL6R...