Environment of MAMBO galaxies in the COSMOS field (2009)
Aravena, Manuel, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris L., Schinnerer, Eva, McCracken, Henry J., Salvato, Mara, ...
Submillimeter galaxies (SMG) represent a dust-obscured high-redshift population undergoing massive star formation activity. Their properties and space density have suggested that they may evolve into...
Mizuno, Yoji, Kawamura, Akiko, Onishi, Toshikazu, Minamidani, Tetsuhiro, Muller, Erik, Yamamoto, Hiroaki, ...
New 12CO J=4-3 and 13CO J=3-2 observations of the N159 region in the Large Magellanic Cloud have been made. The 12CO J=4-3 distribution is separated into three clumps. These new measurements toward...
Riechers , Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Christopher L., Aravena, Manuel, Neri, Roberto, ...
We have imaged CO(J = 7→6) and C i(^3P_2→^3P_1) emission in the host galaxy of the z = 6.42 quasar SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 (hereafter J1148+5251) through observations with the Plateau de Bure...
Torii, Kazufumi, Kudo, Natsuko, Fujishita, Motosuji, Kawase, Tokuichi, Okuda, Takeshi, Yamamoto, Hiroaki, ...
Fukui et al. (2006) discovered two molecular loops in the Galactic center and argued that the foot points of the molecular loops, two bright spots at the both loop ends, represent the gas accumulated...
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Christopher L., Aravena, Manuel, Neri, Roberto, ...
We have imaged CO(J=7-6) and CI(3P2-3P1) emission in the host galaxy of the z=6.42 quasar SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 (hereafter: J1148+5251) through observations with the Plateau de Bure...
Radio and X-ray properties of submillimeter galaxies in the A2125 field (2009)
Wagg, Jeff, Owen, Frazer, Bertoldi, Frank, Sawitzki, Maike, Carilli, Christopher L., Menten, Karl M., ...
We present the radio and X-ray properties of 1.2 mm MAMBO source candidates in a 1600 sq. arcmin field centered on the Abell 2125 galaxy cluster at z=0.247. The brightest, non-synchrotron mm source...
Blain, Andrew W., Armus, Lee, Bertoldi, Frank, Bock, James, Bradford, Matt, Dowell, C. Darren, ...
When and how did galaxies form and their metals accumulate? Over the last decade, this has moved from an archeological question to a live investigation: there is now a broad picture of the evolution...
MAMBO 1.2 mm Observations of Luminous Starbursts at z ~ 2 in the SWIRE Fields (2009)
Lonsdale, Carol J., Polletta, Maria Del Carmen, Omont, Alain, Shupe, Dave, Berta, Stefano, Zylka, Robert, ...
We report on-off pointed MAMBO observations at 1.2 mm of 61 Spitzer-selected star-forming galaxies from the Spitzer Wide Area Infrared Extragalactic Legacy survey (SWIRE). The sources are selected on...
A kiloparsec-scale hyper-starburst in a quasar host less than 1 gigayear after the Big Bang (2009)
Walter, Fabian, Riechers, Dominik, Cox, Pierre, Neri, Roberto, Carilli, Chris, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
The host galaxy of the quasar SDSS J114816.64+1525150.3 (at redshift z=6.42, when the Universe was less than a billion years old) has an infrared luminosity of 2.2x10^(13) times that of the...
A Sensitive Search for [N II]205 μm Emission in a z = 6.4 Quasar Host Galaxy (2009)
Walter, Fabian, Weiss, Axel, Riechers, Dominik A., Carilli, Christopher L., Bertoldi, Frank, Cox, Pierre, ...
We present a sensitive search for the 3P1 → 3P0 ground-state fine structure line at 205 μm of ionized nitrogen ([N II]205μm) in one of the highest-redshift quasars (J1148+5251 at z = 6.42) using...
MAMBO 1.2 mm observations of luminous starbursts at z ~ 2 in the SWIRE fields (2009)
Lonsdale, Carol J., Del Carmen Polletta, Maria, Omont, Alain, Shupe, Dave, Berta, Stefano, Zykla, Robert, ...
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Brewer, Brendon J., Carilli, Christopher L., Lewis, Geraint F., Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present high-resolution (0.3") Very Large Array imaging of the molecular gas in the host galaxy of the high-redshift quasar PSS J2322+1944 (z = 4.12). These observations confirm that the molecular...
Formation of a Quasar Host Galaxy through a Wet Merger 1.4 Billion Years after the Big Bang (2008)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Bertoldi, Frank, Momjian, Emmanuel
We present high-resolution Very Large Array imaging of the molecular gas in the host galaxy of the highredshift quasar BRI 1335-0417 (z = 4.41). Our CO(J = 2 → 1) observations have a linear...
Greve, Thomas R., Pope, Alexandra, Scott, Douglas, Ivison, Rob J., Borys, Colin, Conselice, Christopher J., ...
We present a 1200-mu m image of the Great Observatories Origin Deep Survey North (GOODS-N) field, obtained with the Max Planck Millimetre Bolometer array (MAMBO) on the IRAM 30-m telescope. The...
Properties of the molecular gas in a starbursting QSO at z=1.83 in the COSMOS field (2008)
Aravena, Manuel, Bertoldi, Frank, Schinnerer, Eva, Weiss, Axel, Jahnke, Knud, Carilli, Chris L., ...
Using the IRAM 30m telescope, we have detected the CO J=2-1, 4-3, 5-4, and 6-5 emission lines in the millimeter-bright, blank-field selected AGN COSMOS J100038+020822 at redshift z=1.8275. The...
Formation of a Quasar Host Galaxy through a Wet Merger 1.4 Billion Years after the Big Bang (2008)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Bertoldi, Frank, Momjian, Emmanuel
We present high-resolution Very Large Array imaging of the molecular gas in the host galaxy of the high redshift quasar BRI 1335-0417 (z=4.41). Our CO(2-1) observations have a linear resolution of...
A comprehensive study of GRB 070125, a most energetic gamma-ray burst (2008)
Chandra, Poonam, Cenko, S. Bradley, Frail, Dale A., Chevalier, Roger A., Macquart, Jean-Pierre, Kulkarni, Shri R., ...
We present a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of the bright, long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 070125, comprised of observations in gamma-ray, X-ray, optical, millimeter, and centimeter wave...
A comprehensive study of GRB 070125, a most energetic gamma-ray burst (2008)
Chandra, Poonam, Cenko, S. Bradley, Frail, Dale A., Chevalier, Roger A., Macquart, Jean-Pierre, Kulkarni, Shri R., ...
We present a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of the bright, long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 070125, comprised of observations in gamma-ray, X-ray, optical, millimeter, and centimeter wave...
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Brewer, Brendon J., Carilli, Christopher L., Lewis, Geraint F., Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present high-resolution (0.3") Very Large Array (VLA) imaging of the molecular gas in the host galaxy of the high redshift quasar PSS J2322+1944 (z=4.12). These observations confirm that the...
Coppin, Kristen, Swinbank, Mark, Neri, Roberto, Cox, Pierre, Alexander, Dave, Smail, Ian, ...
We have used the IRAM Plateau de Bure mm interferometer and the UKIRT 1-5 um Imager Spectrometer to test the connection between the major phases of spheroid growth and nuclear accretion by mapping CO...
MAMBO Mapping of Spitzer c2d Small Clouds and Cores (2008)
Kauffmann, Jens, Bertoldi, Frank, Bourke, Tyler L., Evans II, Neal J., Lee, Chang Won
AIMS: To study the structure of nearby (< 500 pc) dense starless and star-forming cores with the particular goal to identify and understand evolutionary trends in core properties, and to explore the...
Multiwaveband analysis of brightest GRB070125 (2008)
Chandra, Poonam, Cenko, S. Bradley, Frail, Dale A., Chevalier, Roger A., Macquart, Jean-Pierre, Kulkarni, Shri R., ...
We present a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of the bright, long duration gamma-ray burst GRB 070125, comprised of observations in gamma-ray, X-ray, optical, millimeter and centimeter...
A comprehensive study of GRB 070125, a most energetic gamma ray burst (2008)
Chandra, Poonam, Cenko, S. Bradley, Frail, Dale, Chevalier, Roger, Macquart, Jean-Pierre, Kulkarni, Shri, ...
We present a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of the bright, long duration gamma-ray burst GRB 070125, comprised of observations in $\gamma$-ray, X-ray, optical, millimeter and centimeter...
Formation of a quasar host galaxy through a wet merger 1.4 billion years after the big bang (2008)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Bertoldi, Frank, Momjian, Emmanuel
We present high-resolution Very Large Array imaging of the molecular gas in the host galaxy of the high-redshift quasar BRI 1335-0417 (z=4.41). Our CO(J=2-->1) observations have a linear resolution...
Greve, Thomas R., Pope, Alexandra, Scott, Douglas, Ivison, Rob J., Borys, Colin, Conselice, Christopher J., ...
We present a 1200-mum image of the Great Observatories Origin Deep Survey North (GOODS-N) field, obtained with the Max Planck Millimetre Bolometer array (MAMBO) on the IRAM 30-m telescope. The survey...
Thermal emission from warm dust in the most distant quasars (2008)
Wang, Ran, Carilli, Chris L., Wagg, Jeff, Bertoldi, Frank, Walter, Fabian, Menten, Karl M., ...
We report new continuum observations of 14 z~6 quasars at 250 GHz and 14 quasars at 1.4 GHz. We summarize all recent millimeter and radio observations of the sample of the 33 quasars known with...
Sharc-II 350 mm observations of thermal emission from warm dust in z >= 5 Quasars (2008)
Wang, Ran, Wagg, Jeff, Carilli, Chris L., Benford, Dominic J., Dowell, C. Darren, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present observations of four z >= 5 SDSS quasars at 350 mum with the SHARC-II bolometer camera on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. These are among the deepest observations that have been...
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Brewer, Brendon J., Carilli, Christopher L., Lewis, Geraint F., Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present high-resolution (0.3") Very Large Array imaging of the molecular gas in the host galaxy of the high-redshift quasar PSS J2322+1944 (z=4.12). These observations confirm that the molecular...
SHARC-II 350 micron Observations of Thermal Emission from Warm Dust in z>=5 Quasars (2007)
Wang, Ran, Wagg, Jeff, Carilli, Chris L., Benford, Dominic J., Dowell, C. Darren, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present observations of four z>= SDSS quasars at 350 micron with the SHARC-II bolometer camera on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. These are among the deepest observations that have been...
Ultraviolet Radiation and Circumstellar Environments (2007)
Doug Johnstone Canadian, Doug Johnstone, Frank Bertoldi
. We discuss the nature of the photoevaporating circumstellar disks in the Orion Nebula. The structure of thermally driven neutral and ionized flow from the disks is derived through a simple,...
Non-Equilibrium Photodissociation Regions: Ionization-Dissociation Fronts (2007)
We discuss the theory of coupled ionization--dissociation fronts produced when molecular clouds are exposed to ! 1110 A radiation from hot stars. A steady, composite structure is developed, which...
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS CO in the circumstellar disks of Vega and fi Pictoris (2007)
A&A manuscript no. (will be inserted by hand later) Your thesaurus codes are:
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Bertoldi, Frank
We report a sensitive search for the HCN(J=2-1) emission line towards SDSS J1148+5251 at z=6.42 with the VLA. HCN emission is a star formation indicator, tracing dense molecular hydrogen gas (n(H2)...
The Detection of Molecular Gas in the Outskirts of NGC 6946 (2007)
Braine, Jonathan, Ferguson, Annette M. N., Bertoldi, Frank, Wilson, Christine D.
We present the results of a search for molecular gas emission via the CO line in the far outer disk of the nearby spiral, NGC 6946. The positions targeted were chosen to lie on or near...
Detection of Emission from the CN Radical in the Cloverleaf Quasar at z=2.56 (2007)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Cox, Pierre, Carilli, Christopher L., Weiss, Axel, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We report the detection of CN(N=3-2) emission towards the Cloverleaf quasar (z=2.56) based on observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This is the first clear detection of emission...
Millimeter and Radio Observations of z~6 Quasars (2007)
Wang, Ran, Carilli, Chris, Beelen, Alexandre, Bertoldi, Frank, Fan, Xiaohui, Walter, Fabian, ...
We present millimeter and radio observations of 13 SDSS quasars at reshifts z~6. We observed eleven of them with the Max-Planck Millimeter Bolometer Array (MAMBO-2) at the IRAM 30m-telescope at 250...
Millimeter and radio observations of z~6 quasars (2007)
Wang, Ran, Carilli, Chris, Beelen, Alexandre, Bertoldi, Frank, Fan, Xiaohui, Walter, Fabian, ...
We present millimeter and radio observations of 13 SDSS quasars at reshifts z~6. We observed eleven of them with the Max-Planck Millimeter Bolometer Array (MAMBO-2) at the IRAM 30m-telescope at 250...
Detection of emission from the CN radical in the cloverleaf quasar at z=2.56 (2007)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Cox, Pierre, Carilli, Christopher L., Weiss, Axel, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We report the detection of CN(N=3-->2) emission toward the Cloverleaf quasar (z=2.56) based on observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This is the first clear detection of emission...
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Bertoldi, Frank
We report a sensitive search for the HCN(J = 2 --> 1) emission line toward SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 (hereafter J1148+5251) at z = 6.42 with the Very Large Array (VLA). HCN emission is a star...
Probing the Evolution of IR Properties of z~6 Quasars: Spitzer Observations (2006)
Jiang, Linhua, Fan, Xiaohui, Hines, Dean C., Shi, Yong, Vestergaard, Marianne, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present Spitzer observations of thirteen z~6 quasars using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). All the quasars except SDSS J000552.34-000655.8...
CO(1-0) in z >/~ 4 Quasar Host Galaxies: No Evidence for Extended Molecular Gas Reservoirs (2006)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Knudsen, Kirsten K., Lo, K. Y., Benford, Dominic J., ...
We present CO(1-0) observations of the high-redshift quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) BR 1202-0725 (z=4.69), PSS J2322+1944 (z=4.12), and APM 08279+5255 (z=3.91) using the NRAO Green Bank Telescope (GBT)...
First Detection of HCO+ Emission at High Redshift (2006)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Weiss, Axel, Bertoldi, Frank, Menten, Karl M., ...
We report the detection of HCO+(1-0) emission towards the Cloverleaf quasar (z=2.56) through observations with the Very Large Array. This is the first detection of ionized molecular gas emission at...
First detection of HCO+ emission at high redshift (2006)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Weiss, Axel, Bertoldi, Frank, Menten, Karl M., ...
We report the detection of HCO+ (J=1-->0) emission toward the Cloverleaf quasar (z=2.56) through observations with the Very Large Array. This is the first detection of ionized molecular gas emission...
CO(1-0) in z >~ 4 quasar fost galaxies: No evidence for extended molecular gas reservoirs (2006)
Riechers, Dominik A., Walter, Fabian, Carilli, Christopher L., Knudsen, Kirsten K., Lo, K. Y., Benford, Dominic J., ...
We present 12CO(J=1-->0) observations of the high-redshift quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) BR 1202-0725 (z=4.69), PSS J2322+1944 (z=4.12), and APM 08279+5255 (z=3.91) using the NRAO Green Bank Telescope...
Probing the evolution of infrared properties of z ~ 6 quasars: Spitzer observations (2006)
Jiang, Linhua, Fan, Xiaohui, Hines, Dean C., Shi, Yong, Vestergaard, Marianne, Bertoldi, Frank, ...
We present Spitzer observations of 13 z~6 quasars using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). All the quasars except SDSS J000552.34-000655.8 (SDSS...
Quasars in the MAMBO blank field survey (2005)
Voss, Hauke, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Owen, Frazer N., Lutz, Dieter, Holdaway, Mark, ...
Our MAMBO 1.2 mm blank field imaging survey of ~0.75 sqd has uncovered four unusually bright sources, with flux densities between 10 and 90 mJy, all located in the Abell 2125 field. The three...
Spitzer Discovery of Very Low Luminosity Objects (2005)
Kauffmann, Jens, Bertoldi, Frank, Evans II, Neal. J.
The Spitzer Space Telescope allows for the first time to search systematically for very low luminosity (= 0.1 L_sun) objects (VeLLOs) associated with dense molecular cores. They may be the first...
Haas, Martin, Chini, Rolf, Mueller, Sven, Bertoldi, Frank, Albrecht, Marcus
In order to explore the nature of the 850 micron flux difference between powerful radio galaxies and steep radio-spectrum quasars at z=1.5 reported by Willott et al. (2002), we have observed 9...
De Breuck, Carlos, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Omont, Alain, Venemans, Bram, Rottgering, Huub, ...
We present a 1.2 mm (250 GHz) map obtained with MAMBO on the IRAM 30m telescope of the central 25 arcmin^2 of the proto-cluster surrounding the z=4.1 radio galaxy TN J1338-1942. The map reaches a...
Molecular Gas in the Host Galaxy of a Quasar at Redshift z=6.42 (2005)
Walter, Fabian, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Cox, Pierre, Lo, K. Y., Neri, Roberto, ...
Observations of the molecular gas phase in quasar host galaxies provide fundamental constraints on galaxy evolution at the highest redshifts. Molecular gas is the material out of which stars form; it...
Gas and dust in high redshift quasars (2005)
Cox, Pierre, Beelen, Alexandre, Bertoldi, Frank, Omont, Alain, Carilli, Chris L., Walter, Fabian
We review recent progress in the study of dust and gas in optically luminous, radio- quiet high-z quasars (QSOs). Highlights include the detection of thermal dust continuum in ~80 1 < z < 6.4...
De Breuck, Carlos, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Omont, Alain, Venemans, Bram, Rottgering, Huub, ...
We present a 1.2 mm (250 GHz) map obtained with MAMBO on the IRAM 30m telescope of the central 25 arcmin^2 of the proto-cluster surrounding the z=4.1 radio galaxy TN J1338-1942. The map reaches a...
De Breuck, Carlos, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Omont, Alain, Venemans, Bram, Rottgering, Huub, ...
We present a 1.2 mm (250 GHz) map obtained with MAMBO on the IRAM 30m telescope of the central 25 arcmin^2 of the proto-cluster surrounding the z=4.1 radio galaxy TN J1338-1942. The map reaches a...
De Breuck, Carlos, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Omont, Alain, Venemans, Bram, Rottgering, Huub, ...
We present a 1.2 mm (250 GHz) map obtained with MAMBO on the IRAM 30m telescope of the central 25 arcmin^2 of the proto-cluster surrounding the z=4.1 radio galaxy TN J1338-1942. The map reaches a...
Young, Chadwick H., Jørgensen, Jes K., Shirley, Yancy L., Kauffmann, Jens, Huard, Tracy, Lai, Shih-Ping, ...
Molecular Gas in the Host Galaxy of a Quasar at Redshift z=6.42 (2003)
Walter, Fabian, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Cox, Pierre, Lo, K. Y., Neri, Roberto, ...
Observations of the molecular gas phase in quasar host galaxies provide fundamental constraints on galaxy evolution at the highest redshifts. Molecular gas is the material out of which stars form; it...
SCUBA Observations of MAMBO Sources (2003)
Eales, Steve, Bertoldi, Frank, Ivison, Rob, Carilli, Chris, Dunne, Loretta, Owen, Frazer
We have observed 23 sources from the MAMBO 1200 micron survey with SCUBA at 850 microns, detecting 19 of the sources. The sources generally have low values for the ratio of 850 micron to 1200 micron...
Molecular Gas in the Host Galaxy of a Quasar at Redshift z=6.42 (2003)
Walter, Fabian, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Cox, Pierre, Lo, K. Y., Neri, Roberto, ...
Observations of the molecular gas phase in quasar host galaxies provide fundamental constraints on galaxy evolution at the highest redshifts. Molecular gas is the material out of which stars form; it...
Molecular Gas in the Host Galaxy of a Quasar at Redshift z=6.42 (2003)
Walter, Fabian, Bertoldi, Frank, Carilli, Chris, Cox, Pierre, Lo, K. Y., Neri, Roberto, ...
Observations of the molecular gas phase in quasar host galaxies provide fundamental constraints on galaxy evolution at the highest redshifts. Molecular gas is the material out of which stars form; it...
Unification and Evolution of 3CR Radio Galaxies and Quasars as Seen by ISO (2003)
Haas, Martin, Ller, Sven, Seibenmorgen, Ralf, Bertoldi, Frank, Chini, Rolf, Egner, Sebastian, ...
Not Available
Millimeter observations of radio-loud active galaxies (2001)
Van Bemmel, Ilse, Bertoldi, Frank
In order to study the nature of the far-infrared emission observed in radio-loud active galaxies, we have obtained 1.2 mm observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope for a sample of eight radio-loud...
Theoretical Models of Photodissociation Fronts (2000)
Draine, B. T., Bertoldi, Frank
Observations of H2 line emission have revealed higher-than-expected gas temperatures in a number of photodissociation fronts. We discuss the heating and cooling processes in photodissociation...
ISO-SWS Observations of OMC-1: H_2 and Fine Structure Lines (2000)
Rosenthal, Dirk, Bertoldi, Frank, Drapatz, Siegfried
Using the Short-Wavelength-Spectrometer on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), we obtained near- and mid-infrared spectra toward the brightest H_2 emission peak of the Orion OMC-1 outflow. A wealth...
Detection of HD in the Orion molecular outflow (1999)
Bertoldi, Frank, Timmermann, Ralf, Rosenthal, Dirk, Drapatz, Siegfried, Wright, Christopher M.
We report a detection in the interstellar medium of an infrared transition within the electronic ground state of the deuterated hydrogen molecule, HD. Through a deep integration with the...
Structure of Stationary Photodissociation Fronts (1996)
Draine, B. T., Bertoldi, Frank
The structure of stationary photodissociation fronts is revisited. H_2 self- shielding is discussed, including the effects of line overlap. We find that line overlap is important for N(H_2) > 10^{20}...
Non-Equilibrium Photodissociation Regions: Ionization-Dissociation Fronts (1995)
Bertoldi, Frank, Draine, B. T.
We discuss the theory of coupled ionization--dissociation fronts produced when molecular clouds are exposed to $\lambda < 1110$\AA\ radiation from hot stars. A steady, composite structure is...
The photoevaporation of interstellar clouds /--by Frank Bertoldi. (1989)
Thesis (Ph. D. in Physics)--University of California, Berkeley, Dec. 1989.
Structure Of, B. T. Draine, Frank Bertoldi
The structure of stationary photodissociation fronts is revisited. H 2 self-shielding is discussed, including the effects of line overlap. We find that line overlap is important for N(H 2 ) ¸ ? 10...