Friedrich Schneider

Al Qaeda and Jihadist Terrorism in the Light of Contest Theory, Empirical Evidence for the period 2004-2008 (2009)

Caruso, Raul, Schneider, Friedrich

This paper finds an empirical evidence that al Qaeda behaves as a contest organizer rewarding a prize to candidate extremist groups. Would-be terrorists must then compete with each other to prove...

Foreign Direct Investment and Shadow Economy: A Causality Analysis Using Panel Data (2009)

Nikopour , Hesam, Shah Habibullah, Muzafar, Schneider, Friedrich, Law, Siong Hook

The present paper investigates the link between the shadow economy and FDI using the Granger panel causality test. For that purpose we use the shadow economy and FDI data for 145 countries of five...

The shadow economy Kuznets’s curve panel data analysis (2008)

Nikopour, Hesam, Shah Habibullah, Muzafar, Schneider, Friedrich

The review of recent literature shows the relationship between shadow economy and economic growth is ambiguous. This paper attempts to answer whether the relationship between shadow economy and...

of Labor Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis (2008)

Axel Dreher, Friedrich Schneider, Axel Dreher, Friedrich Schneider, Friedrich Schneider

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the institute. Research disseminated by IZA may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy...

Money laundering and financial means of organised crime: some preliminary empirical findings (2008)

Friedrich Schneider

After giving a short literature review, the paper attempts a quantification of the volume of money laundering activities, with the help of a MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) estimation...

Money laundering and financial means of organised crime: some preliminary empirical findings (2008)

Friedrich Schneider

After giving a short literature review, the paper attempts a quantification of the volume of money laundering activities, with the help of a MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) estimation...

The Shadow Economy in Germany - A Blessing or a Curse for the Official Economy? (2008)

Schneider, Friedrich

This article provides an estimation of the size and development of the shadow economy of Germany, using various estimation procedures. The shadow economy is defined as market-bound production of...

The Optimal Choice of Privatizing State-Owned Enterprises: APolitical Economic Model (2007)

Yan Chen, Kim Border, Morgan Kousser, Peter Ordeshook, Friedrich Schneider, ...

and suggestions. I have also bene ted from helpful criticism from Michael Alexeev, Kay-yut Chen, Peng

Testing for Efficiency: A Policy Analysis with Probability Distributions (2007)

Klaus Salhofer, Erwin Schmid, Friedrich Schneider, Gerhard Streicher

Begutachtungsvorgang, weshalb allein die Autoren und nicht das Institut für WPR dafür

With or Against the People? The Impact of a Bottom-Up Approach on Tax Morale and the Shadow Economy (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich, Schaltegger, Christoph A.

Policymakers often propose strict enforcement strategies to fight the shadow economy and to increase tax morale. However, there is also a bottom-up approach: decentralizing the political power to...

Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an international country panel and also within country data. The literature strongly...

Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy using an international country panel and also within country data. The literature strongly...

What shapes attitudes toward paying taxes? Evidence from multicultural European countries (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

Objectives. Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance, several researchers have argued...

What shapes attitudes toward paying taxes? Evidence from multicultural European countries (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

Objectives. Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance, several researchers have argued...

What shapes attitudes toward paying taxes? Evidence from multicultural European countries (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

Objectives. Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance, several researchers have argued...

Replication data for: Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New Estimates for 145 Countries [dataset] (2007)

Friedrich Schneider

Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2005 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as...

What shapes attitudes toward paying taxes? Evidence from multicultural European countries (2007)

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

Objectives. Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance, several researchers have argued...

Formal and Informal Labour Markets: Challenges and Policy in the Central and Eastern European New EU Members and Candidate Countries (2005)

Schneider, Friedrich, Burger, Christina

The paper aims at comparing the formal and informal labour markets in the Central and Eastern European new EU Member States and candidate countries of the European Union. First, the current situation...

Veličina i razvoj sive ekonomije i radne snage u sivoj ekonomiji u 22 tranzicijske zemlje i 21 zemlji OECD-a: što doista znamo? (2003)

Schneider, Friedrich

U članku su prikazane procjene o veličini sive ekonomije u 22 tranzicijske zemlje i 21 zemlji unutar Organizacije za suradnju i razvoj (OECD) korištenjem metode potražnje novca i DYMIMIC...

Everyday representations of tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax flight: Do legal differences matter? (2003)

Maciejovsky, Boris, Kirchler, Erich, Schneider, Friedrich

From an economic point of view, legal considerations apart, tax avoidance, tax evasion and tax flight have similar effects, namely a reduction of revenue yields, and are based on the same desire to...

The value added of underground activities: size and measurement of the shadow economies of 110 countries all over the world (2002)

Schneider, Friedrich

Using various methods estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of official...

Everyday Representations of Tax Avoidance, Tax Evasion, and Tax Flight: Do Legal Differences Matter? (2001)

Kirchler, Erich, Maciejovsky, Boris, Schneider, Friedrich

From an economic point of view, legal considerations apart, tax avoidance, tax evasion and tax flight have similar effects, namely a reduction of revenue yields, and are based on the same desire to...

Individual behaviour in Australia's shadow economy: facts, empirical findings and some mysteries (2001)

Schneider, Friedrich, Braithwaite, Valerie, Reinhart, Monika

This paper attempts to explain the behaviour that motivates individuals to engage in the shadow economy. Results show that those who fear being caught by tax authorities are less likely to supply or...

EDUCACION EUROPEA (1963)

Schneider, Friedrich

TRADUCCION DE: EUROPAI-SCHE ERZIEHUNG

La educación de sí mismo (1957)

Schneider, Friedrich

Traducción de: Praxis der Selbsterziehung in 55 erläuterten Beispielen

Die einseitigen Fristfestsetzungen im BGB / (1903)

Schneider, Friedrich.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Rostock, 1903.

Über schädelimpressionen beim engen Becken / (1896)

Schneider, Friedrich.

Thesis (doctoral)--Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 1896.

Beitrag zur Lehre von der Prokura / (1895)

Schneider, Friedrich.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen, 1895.

Arnold II : Erzbischof von Cöln 1151-1156 / (1884)

Schneider, Friedrich.

Thesis (doctoral)--Vereinigte Friedrichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 1884.

Autograaf tundmatule (1833)

Schneider, Friedrich

Schneider, Friedrich, 1786-1853, saksa helilooja ja dirigent

THE SHADOW ECONOMIES OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC

Christopher Bajada, Friedrich Schneider

Despite continuous government attempts to increase taxpayer compliance, the shadow economy continues to offer a way for taxpayers to evade their taxpaying obligations. The consequences are clear:...

Individual behaviour in the cash/shadow economy in Australia: Facts, empirical findings and some mysteries

Friedrich Schneider, Valerie Braithwaite, Monika Reinhart

This paper first gives an explanation of the behaviour which motivates individuals to engage in the shadow economy. It will be shown that people who fear being caught by tax authorities will be less...

Informal and underground economy

Bruno Frey, Friedrich Schneider

There is a widespread feeling that a substantial and increasing share of activities take place outside the official economy. This holds, in particular, for developing and transition but also for high...

The Increase of the size of the shadow economy of 18 OECD countries: Some preliminary explanations

Friedrich Schneider

The latest empirical results of the size of the shadow economy in 18 OECD countries are presented, using the currency demand approach to calculate the shadow economy over time. The results indicate a...

Allowing for household preferences in emission trading-A contribution to the climate policy debate

Michael Ahlheim, Friedrich Schneider

In the context of emission trading it seems to be taken as given that people's preferences can be ignored with respect to the whole process of fixing emission targets and allocating emission permits...

Illegal activities, but still values added ones (?): size, causes, and measurement of the shadow economies all over the world

Friedrich Schneider

Using various methods estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of GDP) over...

Was the Austrian agricultural policy least cost efficient?

Friedrich Schneider, Klaus Salhofer, Erwin Schmid, Gerhard Streicher

The study evaluates the efficiency of government intervention using a vertical structured model including imperfectly competitive agricultural input markets, the bread grain market, and the...

Tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax flight: Do legal differences matter?

Friedrich Schneider, Erich Kirchler, Boris Maciejovsky

Although from an economic point of view, legal considerations apart, tax avoidance, tax evasion and tax flight have similar effects, namely a reduction of revenue yields, and are based on the same...

Shadow economies around the world: what do we know?

Friedrich Schneider, Robert Klinglmair

Using various statistical procedures, estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent...

Privatization in Austria: Some theoretical reasons and performance measures

Friedrich Schneider, Ansgar Belke

The issues of privatization (and sometimes deregulation) have been reviewed in a large literature on the various aspects of privatization, that has emphasized the potential efficiency gains. Hence,...

Formal and informal labour markets: Challenges and policy in the Central and Eastern European new EU members and candidate countries

Friedrich Schneider, Christina Burger

The paper aims at comparing the formal and informal labour markets in the Central and Eastern European new EU Member States and candidate countries of the European Union. First, the current situation...

Does Culture Influence Tax Morale? Evidence from Different European Countries

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

There is considerable evidence that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. Previous studies have found differences in compliance behaviour across cultures. Novel...

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis

Axel Dreher, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption and shadow economy are substitutes in high income countries while they are...

The Different Extent of Privatisation Proceeds in EU Countries: A Preliminary Explanation Using a Public Choice Approach

Ansgar Belke, Frank Baumgärtner, Friedrich Schneider, Ralph Setzer

This paper empirically investigates the differences in the motives of raising privatisation proceeds for a panel of EU countries from 1990 to 2000. More specifically, we test whether privatisations...

What Do We Know About the Shadow Economy?

Friedrich Schneider

Estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 21 OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of ‘official’ GDP) over 1999/2000 in these...

The Different Extent of Privatisation Proceeds in EU Countries: A Preliminary Explanation Using a Public Choice Approach

Ansgar Belke, Frank Baumgartner, Friedrich Schneider, Ralph Setzer

This paper empirically investigates the differences in the motives of raising privatisation proceeds for a panel of EU countries from 1990 to 2000. More specifically, we test whether privatisations...

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis

Axel Dreher, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption and shadow economy are substitutes in high income countries while they are...

Satisfaction with Democracy and the Environment in Western Europe: A Panel Analysis

Alexander F. Wagner, Friedrich Schneider

We construct a panel of satisfaction with democracy (SWD) and economic, institutional, and environmental variables for 1990-2001 for fifteen European countries. In this sample, controlling for a...

With or Against the People? The Impact of a Bottom-Up Approach on Tax Morale and the Shadow Economy

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider, Christoph A. Schaltegger

Policymakers often propose strict enforcement strategies to fight the shadow economy and to increase tax morale. However, there is also a bottom-up approach: decentralizing the political power to...

Monetary Commitment, Institutional Constraints and Inflation: Empirical Evidence for OECD Countries since the 1970s

Andreas Freytag, Friedrich Schneider

Central bank independence (CBI) is a very important precondition for price stability. However, the empirical evidence for a correlation between both is relatively weak. In this paper, this weakness...

Shadow economy, tax morale, governance and institutional quality: A panel analysis

Friedrich Schneider, Benno Torgler

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an international country panel and also within country data. The literature strongly...

The impact of tax morale and institutional quality on the shadow economy

Friedrich Schneider, Benno Torgler

This paper analyses how tax morale and countries’ institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a multivariate analysis for a variety of potential factors. The literature strongly...

The shadow economy in Colombia: size and effects on economic growth

Friedrich Schneider, Bettina Hametner

Using the currency demand approach size and development of the Colombian shadow economy are estimated over the period from 1976 to 2002. In the 70s the size fluctuated around 20% of official GDP and...

What Do We Know About the Shadow Economy?

Friedrich Schneider

Estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 21 OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of ‘official’ GDP) over 1999/2000 in these...

The Different Extent of Privatization Proceeds in OECD Countries: A Preliminary Explanation Using a Public-Choice Approach

Ansgar Belke, Frank Baumgärtner, Friedrich Schneider, Ralph Setzer

This paper empirically investigates the differences in the motives for raising privatization proceeds for a panel of 22 OECD countries from 1990 to 2001. We test whether privatizations can be mainly...

Size and Development of the Shadow Economy in Germany and Austria: Some preliminary findings

Friedrich Schneider

The size and development of the shadow economy of Germany and Austria is estimated, us-ing various estimation procedures. An increased burden of taxation and social security pay-ments, combined with...

Size and Development of the Shadow Economy and of Do-it-Yourself Activities: The Case of Germany

Andreas Buhn, Alexander Karmann, Friedrich Schneider

This paper presents the first MIMIC (multiple indicator multiple causes) model estimate of the size and development of the shadow economy and of do-it-yourself (DIY) activities in Germany from 1970...

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New Estimates for 145 Countries

Schneider, Friedrich

Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2005 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as...

Does taking the shadow economy into account matter to measure aggregate efficiency?

Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Friedrich Schneider, Laurent Weill

We analyze how adding the shadow economy to official output figures affects estimated technical efficiency at the country level. We find that this only slightly affects the ranking of efficiency...

The devil is in the shadow : Do institutions affect income and productivity or only official income and official productivity?

Axel Dreher, Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Friedrich Schneider

This paper assesses the relationship between institutions, output, and productivity, when official output is corrected for the size of the shadow economy. Our results confirm the usual positive...

Does taking the shadow economy into account matter to measure aggregate efficiency?

Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Friedrich Schneider, Laurent Weill

We analyze how adding the shadow economy to official output figures affects estimated technical efficiency at the country level. We find that this only slightly affects the ranking of efficiency...

Estimating the Size of the Danish Shadow Economy Using the Currency Demand Approach: An Attempt.

Schneider, Friedrich

The currency demand approach pro vides some insight into the size anddevelopment of the shadow economy in Denmar k. Currency demand is statistically affected by tax rates. The difference in cur rency...

Deficits, Bailout and Free Riders: Fiscal Elements of a European Constitution.

Horstmann, Winfried, Schneider, Friedrich

European economic and monetary integration provides further incentives to increase public deficits and debt in Europe. Spillover effects and free-riding strategies are likely to come into being in an...

Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences

Friedrich Schneider, Dominik H. Enste

Using various methods, the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries is estimated. Average size varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD countries, to 23 percent for...

Shadow Economies around the World: What Do We Know?

Schneider, Friedrich, Klinglmair, Robert

Using various statistical procedures, estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent...

The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003

Schneider, Friedrich

Using the DYMIMIC approach, estimates of the shadow economy in 145 developing, transition, developed OECD countries, South Pacific islands and still communist countries are presented. The average...

Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: What Do We Really Know?

Friedrich Schneider

Estimations of the size and development of the shadow economy for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over the period 1999 to 2003 are presented. The...

Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an international country panel and also within country data. The literature strongly...

The Impact of Tax Morale and Institutional Quality on the Shadow Economy

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyses how tax morale and countries’ institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a multivariate analysis for a variety of potential factors. The literature strongly...

Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: What Do We Really Know?

Friedrich Schneider

Estimations of the size and development of the shadow economy for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over the period 1999 to 2003 are presented. The...

What Shapes the Attitudes Towards Paying Taxes? Evidence from Switzerland, Belgium and Spain

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

There is considerable evidence that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance, many researchers have argued that citizens’...

Attitudes Towards Paying Taxes in Austria: An Empirical Analysis

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

People mostly pay their taxes although there is a low probability of getting caught and being penalized. Thus, new attempts in the tax compliance literature try to go beyond standard economic theory....

Shadow Economies Around the World: What Do We Know?

Friedrich Schneider, Robert Klinglmair

Using various statistical procedures, estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent...

On the Political Economy of Environmental Policy.

Kirchgassner, Gebhard, Schneider, Friedrich

In the past there was hardly any use of economic instruments in environmental policy, mainly command and control measures were used. More recently, ecological taxes as well as tradable permits became...

An Inverse Relationship between Efficiency and Profitability According to Size of (Upper-)Austrian Firms? Some Further Tentative Results.

Schneider, Friedrich, Lenzelbauer, Werner

This paper examines the relationships between profitability and firm size, and efficiency and firm size, based on firms in Upper Austria. There is considerable evidence suggesting that the average...

Private-public partnership: Gemeinschaftsunternehmen zwischen Privaten und der öffentlichen Hand

Dieter Bös, Friedrich Schneider

In dieser Arbeit wird zunächst eine Typologie der Gemeinschaftsunternehmen einschließlich einiger empirischer Belege zur Profitabilität und Effizienz solcher Unternehmungen dargelegt. Während...

Arbeit im Schatten: Einige theoretische und empirische Überlegungen Ïber die Schattenwirtschaft

Friedrich Schneider

As the shadow economy is increasing in almost all OECD countries this paper analyses the theoretical reasons why people work in the shadow economy. Three approaches are presented, models of time...

Satisfaction not Guaranteed -- Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy in Western Europe

Alexander F. Wagner, Mathias Dufour, Friedrich Schneider

What determines citizens' satisfaction with the "constitution in operation"? We make two contributions towards an answer to this important policy question. First, we place stronger emphasis than...

MIMIC Models, Cointegration and Error Correction: An Application to the French Shadow Economy

Andreas Bühn, Friedrich Schneider

The analysis of economic loss attributed to the shadow economy has attracted much attention in recent years by both academics and policy makers. Often, multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC)...

Protestantism and Government Spending: a Negative Relationship? An Empirical Application to Swiss Cantons

Fischer, Justina AV, Schneider, Friedrich

Recent empirical growth literature suggests that cultural factors play a decisive role in economic development, while empirical evidence for their impact on government activity remains scant. In this...

Allowing for Household Preferences in Emission Trading – A Contribution to the Climate Policy Debate

Michael Ahlheim, Friedrich Schneider

In the context of emission trading it seems to be taken as given that people's preferences can be ignored with respect to the whole process of fixing emission targets and allocating emission permits...

The devil is in the shadow Do institutions affect income and productivity or only official income and official productivity?

Axel Dreher, Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Friedrich Schneider

This paper assesses the relationship between institutions, output, and productivity, when official output is corrected for the size of the shadow economy. Our results confirm the usual positive...

Allowing for Household Preferences in Emission Trading - A Contribution to the Climate Policy Debate

Michael Ahlheim, Friedrich Schneider

In the context of emission trading it seems to be taken as given that people's preferences can be ignored with respect to the whole process of fixing emission targets and allocating emission permits...

The Increase of the Size of the Shadow Economy of 18 OECD Countries: Some Preliminary Explanations

Schneider, Friedrich

The latest empirical results of the size of the shadow economy in 18 OECD countries are presented, using the currency demand approach to calculate the shadow economy over time. The results indicate a...

Illegal Activities, but Still Value Added Ones (?): Size, Causes, and Measurement of the Shadow Economies all over the World

Friedrich Schneider

Using various methods estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of GDP) over...

Shadow Economies Around the World - Size, Causes, and Consequences

Schneider, Friedrich, Enste, Dominik

Using various methods (currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, model approach), which are discussed and criticized, estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing,...

Size and Development of the Shadow Economy and of Do-it-yourself Activities in Germany

Andreas Bühn, Alexander Karmann, Friedrich Schneider

This paper presents the first MIMIC (multiple indicator multiple causes) model estimate of the size and development of the shadow economy and of do-it-yourself (DIY) activities in Germany from 1970...

Monetary Commitment, Institutional Constraints and Inflation: Empirical Evidence for OECD Countries since the 1970s

Andreas Freytag, Friedrich Schneider

Central bank independence (CBI) is a very important precondition for price stability. However, the empirical evidence for a correlation between both is relatively weak. In this paper, this weakness...

Was denken deutsche Ökonomen? Eine empirische Auswertung einer Internetbefragung unter den Mitgliedern des Vereins für Socialpolitik im Sommer 2006

Bruno S. Frey, Silke Humbert, Friedrich Schneider

This article presents the results of a survey among the members of the "Verein für Socialpolitik", the association of German speaking economists, containing questions on schools of thought, economic...

On the Political Economy of Environmental Policy

Gebhard Kirchgaessner, Friedrich Schneider

In the past there was hardly any use of economic instruments in environmental policy, mainly command and control measures were used. More recently, ecological taxes as well as tradable permits became...

The Devil is in the Shadow – Do Institutions Affect Income and Productivity or only Official Income and Official Productivity?

Axel Dreher, Pierre-Guillaume Méon, Friedrich Schneider

This paper assesses the relationship between institutions, output, and productivity, when official output is corrected for the size of the shadow economy. Our results confirm the usual positive...

MIMIC Models, Cointegration and Error Correction: An Application to the French Shadow Economy

Buehn, Andreas, Schneider, Friedrich

The analysis of economic loss attributed to the shadow economy has attracted much attention in recent years by both academics and policy makers. Often, multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC)...

Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: An Empirical Analysis of the Structural Aspects and Long-Run Characteristics in Italy

Chiarini, Bruno, Marzano, Elisabetta, Schneider, Friedrich

By using official time series of the Italian evaded VAT base (Ministry of Finance) for the period 1980-2004 we investigate empirically the long-run characteristics of tax evasion and the relationship...

Protestantism and Government Spending: a Negative Relationship? An Empirical Application to Swiss Cantons

Justina AV Fischer, Friedrich Schneider

Recent empirical growth literature suggests that cultural factors play a decisive role in economic development, while empirical evidence for their impact on government activity remains scant. In this...

What Shapes Attitudes Toward Paying Taxes? Evidence from Multicultural European Countries

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance, several researchers have argued that...

Privatization in Austria: Some Theoretical Reasons and First Results About the Privatization Proceeds*

Ansgar Belke, Friedrich Schneider

The issues of privatization (and sometimes deregulation) have been reviewed in a large literature on the various aspects of privatization, that has emphasized the potential efficiency gains. Hence,...

Institutions of Conflict Management and Economic Growth in the European Union.

Schneider, Friedrich, Wagner, Alexander F

We examine both benefits (production-enhancing cooperation) and costs (taxes and rent-seeking) of institutions of conflict management, like corporatism and trust, in the context of a simple growth...

Zunehmende Schattenwirtschaft in Deutschland : eine wirtschafts- und staatspolitische Herausforderung

Friedrich Schneider

In der Öffentlichkeit wird die Schattenwirtschaft und deren rapides Wachstum seit einigen Jahren intensiv diskutiert. In dieser Arbeit werden kurz die Methoden zur Messung der Schwarzarbeit...

Petersberger Erklaerung: Anstoesse fuer eine zukunftsgerichtete Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Zimmermann, Klaus F., Burda, Michael C., Hagen, Juergen Von, Konrad, Kai, Schneider, Friedrich, Wagner, Gerd G.

In this paper six authors propose guidelines for German labor market policy, to overcome current discouragement and lead to a new balance of social security and individual competetiveness. Crucial...

Increasing Shadow Economies all over the World - Fiction or Reality?

Ernste, Dominik, Schneider, Friedrich

Using various methods (currency demand, physical input (electricity) measure, model approach), which are discussed and criticized, estimates about the size of 67 developing, transition and OECD...

The Size and Development of the Shadow Economies of 22 Transition and 21 OECD Countries

Schneider, Friedrich

Using the currency demand and DYMIMIC approaches estimates are presented about the size of the shadow economy in 22 Transition and 21 OECD countries. Over 2001/2002 in 21 OECD countries is the...

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Analysis

Axel Dreher, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption and shadow economy are substitutes in high income countries while they are...

What Shapes Attitudes Toward Paying Taxes? Evidence from Multicultural European Countries

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fully explain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance several researchers have argued that...

The Impact of Tax Morale and Institutional Quality on the Shadow Economy

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyses how tax morale and countries’ institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a multivariate analysis for a variety of potential factors. The literature strongly...

Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an international country panel and also within country data. The literature strongly...

Tragic Choices and Collective Decision-Making: An Empirical Study of Voter Preferences for Alternative Collective Decision-Making Mechanisms.

Pommerehne, Werner W, Hart, Albert, Schneider, Friedrich

Central to this paper has been the idea that there might be a demand on the part of the citizens for having specific decision-mechanisms in specific types of situations. This demand cannot be deduced...

An Alternative Constitutional Treaty for the European Union

Peter Bernholz, Friedrich Schneider, Roland Vaubel, Frank Vibert

We propose an alternative to the Constitutional Treaty drafted by the European Convention. Our proposal effectively limits the domain of government at the Union level. It takes the incentives of the...

Einige Gedanken zur Harmonisierung indirekter Steuern in der Europäischen Union

Friedrich Schneider

Die Harmonisierung indirekter Steuern ist in der Europäischen Union zur Zeit eines der umstrittensten Themen, da jegliche Steuerharmonisierung die Finanzierungsgrundlagen der öffentlichen Haushalte...

Zur Politischen Ökonomie autokratischer politischer Systeme - oder: Wie regiert der 'homo oeconomicus autocraticus'?

Friedrich Schneider

Die ständigen Unterstützungs- und politische Abschreckungsbemühungen autokratischer Herrscher sind systemtypisch und erfordern eine Politik von 'Zuckerbrot und Peitsche'. Der 'homo oeconomicus...

The German Shadow Economy: Parted in a United Germany?

Annette Mummert, Friedrich Schneider

This paper analyzes differences between shadow economic activities in the western and eastern part of Germany. Due to new empirical results easterners' engagement in shadow economic activities seems...

The Shadow Economy in Germany - A Blessing or a Curse for the Official Economy?

Schneider, Friedrich

This article provides an estimation of the size and development of the shadow economy of Germany, using various estimation procedures. The shadow economy is defined as market-bound production of...

Shadow Economies Around the World - Size, Causes, and Consequences

Friedrich Schneider, Dominik Enste

Economic growth , Developing countries , Transition economies , Taxation , Social security , Corruption ,

Shadow economies and corruption all over the world : what do we really know?

Schneider, Friedrich

Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2003 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as...

Satisfaction with Democracy and Collective Action Problems: The Case of the Environment

Halla, Martin, Schneider, Friedrich, Wagner, Alexander F.

Using modern methods for analyzing multi-level data, we find that, by and large, citizens of OECD countries are more satisfied with the way democracy works in their country if more environmental...

A Survey on the Economics of Security : Final Report for the European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security

Tilman Brück, Marie Karaisl, Friedrich Schneider

This report assesses the literature on the inter-relations between the economy and security with particular focus on terrorism and the "human drivers of insecurity" to identify both available...

Die Entwicklung der Sozialpolitik in repräsentativen und in direkten Demokratien: Königsweg oder Sackgasse? Einige Bemerkungen aus der "Public Choice"-Perspektive.

Friedrich Schneider

The purpose of this study is to provide some information how different political institutions influence the development of social security policies. In representative democracies governments quite...

Shadow Economies around the World: What do we really know?

Friedrich Schneider

Using the DYMIMIC approach, estimates of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and developed OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of official...

Legislative Malapportionment and the Politicization of Germany's Intergovernmental Transfer System

Hans Pitlik, Friedrich Schneider, Harald Strotmann

Legislative bargaining theory suggests that fiscal transfers among member states of a federation are determined to a substantial degree by political bargaining powers. Malapportionment of the states'...

Satisfaction with Democracy and Collective Action Problems: The Case of the Environment

Martin Halla, Friedrich Schneider, Alexander Wagner

Using modern methods for analyzing multi-level data, we find that, by and large, citizens of OECD countries are more satisfied with the way democracy works in their country if more environmental...

Taxes and Benefits: Two Distinct Options to Cheat on the State?

Halla, Martin, Schneider, Friedrich

While there is an extensive literature on tax evasion a further aspect of cheating on the state, namely benefit fraud, has gained relatively modest attention in the economic literature. This paper...

Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider

The following paper examines the different options to finance local public infrastructure in Ethiopia based on the assumption that the federal government of Ethiopia will not provide any guarantees...

State and local taxation

Lars P Feld, Friedrich Schneider

State and local taxation comprises those taxes that are collected at the sub-federal government levels in order to finance state and local public services, assigning discretion in the determination...

Schattenwirtschaft - Tatbestand, Ursachen, Auswirkungen

Friedrich Schneider

Auch im Jahr 2000 wird die Schwarzarbeit in Deutschland weiter zunehmen; während man für das offizielle BIP einen Zuwachs von 2,7% erwartet, wird die informelle Wirtschaft um 6,8% zunehmen und das...

Korporatismus im europäischen Vergleich: Förderung makroökonomischer Rahmenbedingungen?

Friedrich Schneider, Alexander Wagner

Das institutionelle Arrangement eines Landes ist zu einer Standortfrage und zu einer Frage der langfristigen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer Ökonomie geworden . Ein stabiles und günstiges...

On the politicization of intergovernmental fiscal relations in Germany after unification

Friedrich Schneider, Hans Pitlik, Harald Strotmann, Günther Schmid

A recent decision of the German Constitutional Court requires political decision makers to revise the system of intergovernmental transfers in order to limit free bargaining among state and federal...

Privatisierung und Deregulierung in Österreich in den 90er Jahren: Einige Anmerkungen aus Sicht der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie

Friedrich Schneider

Schriftliche Fassung eines Vortrages anlässlich der Tagung zum Thema "Deregulierung und Privatisierung: Erfahrungen Problem-Potentiale" des Wirtschaftspolitischen Ausschusses des Vereins für...

Non-Compliance under a Negative Income Tax

Martin Halla, Friedrich Schneider

In this note we model the individual decision on income underreporting in a system with a negative income tax. We show that a change in the tax rate has opposing effects on the compliance behavior of...

LEAST COST EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

Salhofer, Klaus, Schneider, Friedrich, Streicher, Gerhard

The study evaluates the efficiency of government intervention using a vertical structured model including imperfectly competitive agricultural input markets, the bread grains market, and the...

Money laundering and financial means of organised crime: some preliminary empirical findings

Friedrich Schneider

After giving a short literature review, the paper attempts a quantification of the volume of money laundering activities, with the help of a MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) estimation...

Local Autonomy, Tax Morale and the Shadow Economy

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider, Christoph A. Schaltegger

Policymakers often propose strict enforcement strategies to fight the shadow economy and to increase tax morale. However, there is also a bottom-up approach such as, for example, decentralizing the...

Money laundering: some facts

Friedrich Schneider, Ursula Windischbauer

Money laundering, Quantification, Estimation, K40,

TESTING FOR EFFICIENCY: A POLICY ANALYSIS WITH PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

Salhofer, Klaus, Schmid, Erwin, Streicher, Gerhard, Schneider, Friedrich

The study evaluates the efficiency of government intervention using a vertical structured model including imperfectly competitive agricultural input markets, the bread grain market, and the...

The importance of incorporating reliability of supply criteria in a regulatory system of electricity distribution: An empirical analysis for Austria

Reichl, Johannes, Kollmann, Andrea, Tichler, Robert, Schneider, Friedrich

Grid tariffs are the main source of income for distribution system operators (DSOs). Reductions of tariffs increase the cost pressure on DSOs; assuming they work efficiently, tariff reductions...

Local Autonomy, Tax Morale and the Shadow Economy

Benno Torgler, Friedrich Schneider, Christoph A. Schaltegger

Policymakers often propose strict enforcement strategies to fight the shadow economy and to increase tax morale. However, there is also a bottom-up approach such as, for example, decentralizing the...

The shadow economy Kuznets’s curve panel data analysis

Nikopour, Hesam, Shah Habibullah, Muzafar, Schneider, Friedrich

The review of recent literature shows the relationship between shadow economy and economic growth is ambiguous. This paper attempts to answer whether the relationship between shadow economy and...

The Origins of Terrorism - Cross-Country Estimates on Socio-Economic Determinants of Terrorism

Andreas Freytag, Jens J. Krüger, Daniel Meierrieks, Friedrich Schneider

To expand our knowledge about an appropriate anti-terror strategy, it is indispensable to assess the underlying causes of terror. We examine social and economic conditions in the country of origin of...

Der Emissionshandel in Deutschland und Österreich - ein wirksames Instrument des Klimaschutzes?

Claudia Kemfert, Friedrich Schneider

Europe has implemented in the year 2005 an emissions trading system in order to fulfill the Kyoto emissions reduction targets. In principle, the instrument should be a cost-efficient measure of...

The Origins of Terrorism - Cross-Country Estimates on Socio-Economic Determinants of Terrorism

Andreas Freytag, Jens J. Krüger, Daniel Meierrieks, Friedrich Schneider

To expand our knowledge about an appropriate anti-terror strategy, it is indispensable to assess the underlying causes of terror. We examine social and economic conditions in the country of origin of...

A Survey of the Economics of Security

Tilman Brück, Marie Karaisl, Friedrich Schneider

This report assesses the literature on the inter-relations between the economy and security with particular focus on terrorism and the "human drivers of insecurity" to identify both available...

Tax rates and Tax evasion: an Empirical Analysis of the Structural Aspects and Long-Run Characteristics in Italy

Bruno Chiarini, Elisabetta Marzano, Friedrich Schneider

By using official time series of the Italian evaded VAT base (Ministry of Finance) for the period 1980-2004 we investigate empirically the long-run characteristics of tax evasion and the relationship...

An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: the Case of Benefit Morale

Martin Halla, Mario Lackner, Friedrich Schneider

Does the supply of a welfare state create its own demand? Many economic scholars studying welfare arrangements refer to Say’s law and insinuate a self-destructive welfare state. However, little is...

The impact of tax morale and institutional quality on the shadow economy

Torgler, Benno, Schneider, Friedrich

This paper uses a multivariate analysis to examine how countries' tax morale and institutional quality affect the shadow economy. The literature strongly emphasizes the quantitative importance of...

The quality of institutions and satisfaction with democracy in Western Europe -- A panel analysis

Wagner, Alexander F., Schneider, Friedrich, Halla, Martin

This paper analyses how institutional factors affect satisfaction with democracy (SWD). It employs a panel of observations from Eurobarometers in the time span 1990-2000, and thus is one of the first...

Is a Federal European Constitution for an Enlarged European Union Necessary? Some Preliminary Suggestions using Public Choice Analysis

Friedrich Schneider

In order to guarantee a further successful functioning of the enlarged European Union a Federal European Constitution is proposed. Six basic elements of a future European federal constitution are...

Corruption and the Shadow Economy: A Structural Equation Model Approach

Buehn, Andreas, Schneider, Friedrich

The relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is not clear. Theoretically, they either substitute or complement each other – exhibiting either a negative or positive relationship. This...

An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: The Case of Benefit Morale

Halla, Martin, Lackner, Mario, Schneider, Friedrich

Does the supply of a welfare state create its own demand? Many economic scholars studying welfare arrangements refer to Say's law and insinuate a self-destructive welfare state. However, little is...

Foreign Direct Investment and Shadow Economy: A Causality Analysis Using Panel Data

Nikopour , Hesam, Shah Habibullah, Muzafar, Schneider, Friedrich, Law, Siong Hook

The present paper investigates the link between the shadow economy and FDI using the Granger panel causality test. For that purpose we use the shadow economy and FDI data for 145 countries of five...

Al Qaeda and Jihadist Terrorism in the Light of Contest Theory, Empirical Evidence for the period 2004-2008

Caruso, Raul, Schneider, Friedrich

This paper finds an empirical evidence that al Qaeda behaves as a contest organizer rewarding a prize to candidate extremist groups. Would-be terrorists must then compete with each other to prove...

Financial and World Economic Crisis: What did Economists Contribute?

Gebhard Kirchgässner, Friedrich Schneider

In this paper we deal with two questions, (i) what are the origins of the current financial crisis, and (ii) what did economists contribute, or why did economists fail to provide a convincing answer...

Financial and world economic crisis: What did economists contribute?

Friedrich Schneider, Gebhard Kirchgässner

Financial crisis, Crisis management, Failure of economics, Failure of economic researchers, Origin of the crisis, A11, B40, D72, D73, D8, G01, K2,

Tradable Permits

A. Denny Ellerman, Nick Johnstone, Friedrich Schneider, Alexander F. Wagner, Juan-Pablo Montero, Johann Wackerbauer

Tradable Permits a Market-Based Allocation System for the Environment. Tradable Permits and Other Environmental Policy Instruments Killing one Bird with two Stones. Tradable Permits Ten Key Design...

Schattenwirtschaft in Europa

Friedrich Schneider, Rigmar Osterkamp

In fast allen OECD-Ländern weist die Schattenwirtschaft einen langfristig steigenden Trend auf und macht dort mittlerweile einen bedeutenden Teil des Sozialprodukts aus. Dabei sind die Unterschiede...

The Development of the Shadow Economies and Shadow Labour Force of 21 OECD and 22 Transition Countries

Friedrich Schneider

Schattenwirtschaft, Schwarzarbeit, Systemtransformation, OECD-Staaten, Ehemalige sozialistische Staaten, Hidden economy, Moonlighting, Systemic transition, OECD countries, Former Socialist countries

Privatisation in OECD Countries: Theoretical Reasons and Results Obtained

Friedrich Schneider

Öffentliches Unternehmen, Privatisierung, OECD-Staaten, Public enterprise, Privatization, OECD countries

The Development of the Shadow Economies and Shadow Labour Force of 21 OECD and 22 Transition Countries

Friedrich Schneider

Schattenwirtschaft, Schwarzarbeit, Systemtransformation, OECD-Staaten, Ehemalige sozialistische Staaten, Hidden economy, Moonlighting, Systemic transition, OECD countries, Former Socialist countries

The Shadow Economy

Schneider,Friedrich, Enste,Dominik H.

Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand,...

What is Economics? – Attitudes and views of German economists

Bruno S. Frey, Silke Humbert, Friedrich Schneider

Which schools of thought are favored by German economists? What makes a good economist and which economists have been most influential? These questions were addressed in a survey, conducted in the...