George D. Yancopoulos

Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase limits MHC class I presentation in dendritic cells but does not affect CD8 T cell responses during viral infections (2008)

Towne, Charles Fenton, York, Ian A., Neijssen, Joost J., Karow, Margaret L., Murphy, Andrew J., Valenzuela, David M., ...

Previous experiments using enzyme inhibitors, cell lysates, and purified enzyme have suggested that puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA) plays a role in creating and destroying MHC class...

The mutation ROR2W749X, linked to human BDB, is a recessive mutation in the mouse, causing brachydactyly, mediating patterning of joints and modeling recessive Robinow syndrome (2008)

Raz, Regina, Stricker, Sigmar, Elizabetta Gazzerro, Elizabetta, Clor, Julie L., Witte, Florian, Nistala, Harakiran, ...

Mutations in ROR2 result in a spectrum of genetic disorders in humans that are classified, depending on the nature of the mutation and the clinical phenotype, as either autosomal dominant...

Leucine aminopeptidase is not essential for trimming peptides in the cytosol or generating epitopes for MHC class I antigen presentation (2005)

Towne, Charles Fenton, York, Ian A., Neijssen, Joost J., Karow, Margaret L., Murphy, Andrew J., Valenzuela, David M., ...

To detect viral infections and tumors, CD8+ T lymphocytes monitor cells for the presence of antigenic peptides bound to MHC class I molecules. The majority of MHC class I-presented peptides are...

Angiopoietin-1 modulates endothelial cell function and gene expression via the transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1) (2004)

Daly, Christopher, Wong, Vivian, Burova, Elena, Wei, Yi, Zabski, Stephanie, Griffiths, Jennifer, ...

Despite genetic evidence establishing angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) as an essential regulator of vascular development, the molecular mechanisms underlying Ang-1 function are almost completely...

Biological action of angiopoietin-2 in a fibrin matrix model of angiogenesis is associated with activation of Tie2 (2001)

Teichert-Kuliszewska, Krystyna, Maisonpierre, Peter C., Jones, Nina, Campbell, Andrew I.M., Master, Zubin, Bendeck, Michelle P., ...

The endothelial cell (EC) specific tyrosine kinase receptor, Tie2, interacts with at least two ligands, angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2). Ang1 stimulates Tie2 receptor...

Bidirectional signalling through the EPH-family receptor Nuk and its transmembrane ligands (1996)

Holland, Sacha J., Gale, Nicholas W., Mbamalu, Geraldine, Yancopoulos, George D., Henkemeyer, Mark, Pawson, Tony

Receptor tyrosine kinases of the EPH class have been implicated in the control of axon guidance and fasciculation [1-7], in regulating cell migration [8], and in defining compartments in the...

Bidirectional signalling through the EPH-family receptor Nuk and its transmembrane ligands (1996)

Holland, Sacha J., Gale, Nicholas W., Mbamalu, Geraldine, Yancopoulos, George D., Henkemeyer, Mark, Pawson, Tony

Receptor tyrosine kinases of the EPH class have been implicated in the control of axon guidance and fasciculation [1-7], in regulating cell migration [8], and in defining compartments in the...

Roles of trk family neurotrophin receptors in medullary thyroid carcinoma development and progression

McGregor, Lisa M., McCune, Bryan K., Graff, Jeremy R., McDowell, Philip R., Romans, Katherine E., Yancopoulos, George D., ...

Although initiating mutations in the ret protooncogene have been found in familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the molecular events underlying subsequent tumor progression stages...

Antiangiogenic gene therapy targeting the endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2

Lin, Pengnian, Buxton, Jake A., Acheson, Ann, Radziejewski, Czeslaw, Maisonpierre, Peter C., Yancopoulos, George D., ...

Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis, and inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising approach for anticancer therapy. Tie2 (a.k.a Tek) is an endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine...

Kinase domain of the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) is sufficient for phosphorylation but not clustering of acetylcholine receptors: Required role for the MuSK ectodomain?

Glass, David J., Apel, Elizabeth D., Shah, Sonal, Bowen, David C., DeChiara, Thomas M., Stitt, Trevor N., ...

Formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) depends upon a nerve-derived protein, agrin, acting by means of a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, MuSK, as well as a required accessory...

Angiopoietins 3 and 4: Diverging gene counterparts in mice and humans

Valenzuela, David M., Griffiths, Jennifer A., Rojas, Jose, Aldrich, Thomas H., Jones, Pamela F., Zhou, Hao, ...

The angiopoietins have recently joined the members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family as the only known growth factors largely specific for vascular endothelium. The angiopoietins...

Agrin in Alzheimer’s disease: Altered solubility and abnormal distribution within microvasculature and brain parenchyma

Donahue, John E., Berzin, Tyler M., Rafii, Michael S., Glass, David J., Yancopoulos, George D., Fallon, Justin R., ...

Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is widely expressed in neurons and microvascular basal lamina in the rodent and avian central nervous system. Agrin induces the differentiation of...

Enhancing leptin response by preventing SH2-containing phosphatase 2 interaction with Ob receptor

Carpenter, Laura Rocco, Farruggella, Thomas J., Symes, Aviva, Karow, Margaret L., Yancopoulos, George D., Stahl, Neil

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that regulates food intake and body weight via interaction with its Ob receptor (ObR). Serum leptin levels are chronically elevated in obese humans, suggesting...

Excessive tumor-elaborated VEGF and its neutralization define a lethal paraneoplastic syndrome

Wong, Alex K., Alfert, Myra, Castrillon, Diego H., Shen, Qiong, Holash, Jocelyn, Yancopoulos, George D., ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen and key regulator of both physiologic and pathologic (e.g., tumor) angiogenesis. In the course of studies designed to...

VEGF-Trap: A VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects

Holash, Jocelyn, Davis, Sam, Papadopoulos, Nick, Croll, Susan D., Ho, Lillian, Russell, Michelle, ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role during normal embryonic angiogenesis and also in the pathological angiogenesis that occurs in a number of diseases, including cancer....

Potent VEGF blockade causes regression of coopted vessels in a model of neuroblastoma

Kim, Eugene S., Serur, Anna, Huang, Jianzhong, Manley, Christina A., McCrudden, Kimberly W., Frischer, Jason S., ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in human tumor angiogenesis. We compared the effects of inhibitors of VEGF with different specificities in a xenograft model of...

Mistargeting hippocampal axons by expression of a truncated Eph receptor

Yue, Yong, Chen, Zhi-Yong, Gale, Nick W., Blair-Flynn, Jan, Hu, Tian-Jing, Yue, Xin, ...

Topographic mapping of axon terminals is a general principle of neural architecture that underlies the interconnections among many neural structures. The Eph family tyrosine kinase receptors and...

Acute intensive insulin therapy exacerbates diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and VEGF

Poulaki, Vassiliki, Qin, Wenying, Joussen, Antonia M., Hurlbut, Peter, Wiegand, Stanley J., Rudge, John, ...

Acute intensive insulin therapy is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Here we demonstrate that acute intensive insulin therapy markedly increases VEGF mRNA and protein levels in the...

p53 induction and activation of DDR1 kinase counteract p53-mediated apoptosis and influence p53 regulation through a positive feedback loop

Ongusaha, Pat P., Kim, Jong-il, Fang, Li, Wong, Tai W., Yancopoulos, George D., Aaronson, Stuart A., ...

DDR1, discoidin domain receptor 1, belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors with an extracellular domain homologous to Dictyostellium discoideum protein discoidin 1. We showed that DDR1...

Recombinant angiopoietin-1 restores higher-order architecture of growing blood vessels in mice in the absence of mural cells

Uemura, Akiyoshi, Ogawa, Minetaro, Hirashima, Masanori, Fujiwara, Takashi, Koyama, Shinji, Takagi, Hitoshi, ...

Interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular mural cells (MCs) via signaling molecules or physical contacts are implicated both in vascular remodeling and maintenance of vascular...

Regression of established tumors and metastases by potent vascular endothelial growth factor blockade

Huang, Jianzhong, Frischer, Jason S., Serur, Anna, Kadenhe, Angela, Yokoi, Akiko, McCrudden, Kimberly W., ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical promoter of blood vessel growth during embryonic development and tumorigenesis. To date, studies of VEGF antagonists have primarily focused on...

The Shc adaptor protein is critical for VEGF induction by Met/HGF and ErbB2 receptors and for early onset of tumor angiogenesis

Saucier, Caroline, Khoury, Hanane, Lai, Ka-Man Venus, Peschard, Pascal, Dankort, David, Naujokas, Monica A., ...

The etiology and progression of a variety of human malignancies are linked to the deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). To define the role of RTK-dependent signals in various oncogenic...

Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference

Wortley, Katherine E., Anderson, Keith D., Garcia, Karen, Murray, Jane D., Malinova, Lubomira, Liu, Rong, ...

Ghrelin is a recently identified growth hormone (GH) secretogogue whose administration not only induces GH release but also stimulates food intake, increases adiposity, and reduces fat utilization in...

Conditional Activation of Akt in Adult Skeletal Muscle Induces Rapid Hypertrophy

Lai, Ka-Man V., Gonzalez, Michael, Poueymirou, William T., Kline, William O., Na, Erqian, Zlotchenko, Elizabeth, ...

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a severe morbidity caused by a variety of conditions, including cachexia, cancer, AIDS, prolonged bedrest, and diabetes. One strategy in the treatment of atrophy is to...

Haploinsufficiency of delta-like 4 ligand results in embryonic lethality due to major defects in arterial and vascular development

Gale, Nicholas W., Dominguez, Melissa G., Noguera, Irene, Pan, Li, Hughes, Virginia, Valenzuela, David M., ...

Vascular development depends on the highly coordinated actions of a variety of angiogenic regulators, most of which apparently act downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). One...

Ephrin-B3 is the midline barrier that prevents corticospinal tract axons from recrossing, allowing for unilateral motor control

Kullander, Klas, Croll, Susan D., Zimmer, Manuel, Pan, Li, McClain, Joyce, Hughes, Virginia, ...

Growing axons follow highly stereotypical pathways, guided by a variety of attractive and repulsive cues, before establishing specific connections with distant targets. A particularly well-known...

Angiopoietin-1 modulates endothelial cell function and gene expression via the transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1)

Daly, Christopher, Wong, Vivian, Burova, Elena, Wei, Yi, Zabski, Stephanie, Griffiths, Jennifer, ...

Despite genetic evidence establishing angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) as an essential regulator of vascular development, the molecular mechanisms underlying Ang-1 function are almost completely...

Roles of trk family neurotrophin receptors in medullary thyroid carcinoma development and progression

McGregor, Lisa M., McCune, Bryan K., Graff, Jeremy R., McDowell, Philip R., Romans, Katherine E., Yancopoulos, George D., ...

Although initiating mutations in the ret protooncogene have been found in familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the molecular events underlying subsequent tumor progression stages...

Antiangiogenic gene therapy targeting the endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2

Lin, Pengnian, Buxton, Jake A., Acheson, Ann, Radziejewski, Czeslaw, Maisonpierre, Peter C., Yancopoulos, George D., ...

Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis, and inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising approach for anticancer therapy. Tie2 (a.k.a Tek) is an endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine...

Kinase domain of the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) is sufficient for phosphorylation but not clustering of acetylcholine receptors: Required role for the MuSK ectodomain?

Glass, David J., Apel, Elizabeth D., Shah, Sonal, Bowen, David C., DeChiara, Thomas M., Stitt, Trevor N., ...

Formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) depends upon a nerve-derived protein, agrin, acting by means of a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, MuSK, as well as a required accessory...

Angiopoietins 3 and 4: Diverging gene counterparts in mice and humans

Valenzuela, David M., Griffiths, Jennifer A., Rojas, Jose, Aldrich, Thomas H., Jones, Pamela F., Zhou, Hao, ...

The angiopoietins have recently joined the members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family as the only known growth factors largely specific for vascular endothelium. The angiopoietins...

Agrin in Alzheimer’s disease: Altered solubility and abnormal distribution within microvasculature and brain parenchyma

Donahue, John E., Berzin, Tyler M., Rafii, Michael S., Glass, David J., Yancopoulos, George D., Fallon, Justin R., ...

Agrin is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is widely expressed in neurons and microvascular basal lamina in the rodent and avian central nervous system. Agrin induces the differentiation of...

Enhancing leptin response by preventing SH2-containing phosphatase 2 interaction with Ob receptor

Carpenter, Laura Rocco, Farruggella, Thomas J., Symes, Aviva, Karow, Margaret L., Yancopoulos, George D., Stahl, Neil

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that regulates food intake and body weight via interaction with its Ob receptor (ObR). Serum leptin levels are chronically elevated in obese humans, suggesting...

Excessive tumor-elaborated VEGF and its neutralization define a lethal paraneoplastic syndrome

Wong, Alex K., Alfert, Myra, Castrillon, Diego H., Shen, Qiong, Holash, Jocelyn, Yancopoulos, George D., ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen and key regulator of both physiologic and pathologic (e.g., tumor) angiogenesis. In the course of studies designed to...

VEGF-Trap: A VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects

Holash, Jocelyn, Davis, Sam, Papadopoulos, Nick, Croll, Susan D., Ho, Lillian, Russell, Michelle, ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role during normal embryonic angiogenesis and also in the pathological angiogenesis that occurs in a number of diseases, including cancer....

Potent VEGF blockade causes regression of coopted vessels in a model of neuroblastoma

Kim, Eugene S., Serur, Anna, Huang, Jianzhong, Manley, Christina A., McCrudden, Kimberly W., Frischer, Jason S., ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in human tumor angiogenesis. We compared the effects of inhibitors of VEGF with different specificities in a xenograft model of...

Mistargeting hippocampal axons by expression of a truncated Eph receptor

Yue, Yong, Chen, Zhi-Yong, Gale, Nick W., Blair-Flynn, Jan, Hu, Tian-Jing, Yue, Xin, ...

Topographic mapping of axon terminals is a general principle of neural architecture that underlies the interconnections among many neural structures. The Eph family tyrosine kinase receptors and...

Acute intensive insulin therapy exacerbates diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and VEGF

Poulaki, Vassiliki, Qin, Wenying, Joussen, Antonia M., Hurlbut, Peter, Wiegand, Stanley J., Rudge, John, ...

Acute intensive insulin therapy is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Here we demonstrate that acute intensive insulin therapy markedly increases VEGF mRNA and protein levels in the...

p53 induction and activation of DDR1 kinase counteract p53-mediated apoptosis and influence p53 regulation through a positive feedback loop

Ongusaha, Pat P., Kim, Jong-il, Fang, Li, Wong, Tai W., Yancopoulos, George D., Aaronson, Stuart A., ...

DDR1, discoidin domain receptor 1, belongs to a subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors with an extracellular domain homologous to Dictyostellium discoideum protein discoidin 1. We showed that DDR1...

Recombinant angiopoietin-1 restores higher-order architecture of growing blood vessels in mice in the absence of mural cells

Uemura, Akiyoshi, Ogawa, Minetaro, Hirashima, Masanori, Fujiwara, Takashi, Koyama, Shinji, Takagi, Hitoshi, ...

Interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular mural cells (MCs) via signaling molecules or physical contacts are implicated both in vascular remodeling and maintenance of vascular...

Regression of established tumors and metastases by potent vascular endothelial growth factor blockade

Huang, Jianzhong, Frischer, Jason S., Serur, Anna, Kadenhe, Angela, Yokoi, Akiko, McCrudden, Kimberly W., ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical promoter of blood vessel growth during embryonic development and tumorigenesis. To date, studies of VEGF antagonists have primarily focused on...

Ephrin-B3 is the midline barrier that prevents corticospinal tract axons from recrossing, allowing for unilateral motor control

Kullander, Klas, Croll, Susan D., Zimmer, Manuel, Pan, Li, McClain, Joyce, Hughes, Virginia, ...

Growing axons follow highly stereotypical pathways, guided by a variety of attractive and repulsive cues, before establishing specific connections with distant targets. A particularly well-known...

The Shc adaptor protein is critical for VEGF induction by Met/HGF and ErbB2 receptors and for early onset of tumor angiogenesis

Saucier, Caroline, Khoury, Hanane, Lai, Ka-Man Venus, Peschard, Pascal, Dankort, David, Naujokas, Monica A., ...

The etiology and progression of a variety of human malignancies are linked to the deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). To define the role of RTK-dependent signals in various oncogenic...

Angiopoietin-1 modulates endothelial cell function and gene expression via the transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1)

Daly, Christopher, Wong, Vivian, Burova, Elena, Wei, Yi, Zabski, Stephanie, Griffiths, Jennifer, ...

Despite genetic evidence establishing angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) as an essential regulator of vascular development, the molecular mechanisms underlying Ang-1 function are almost completely...

Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference

Wortley, Katherine E., Anderson, Keith D., Garcia, Karen, Murray, Jane D., Malinova, Lubomira, Liu, Rong, ...

Ghrelin is a recently identified growth hormone (GH) secretogogue whose administration not only induces GH release but also stimulates food intake, increases adiposity, and reduces fat utilization in...

Conditional Activation of Akt in Adult Skeletal Muscle Induces Rapid Hypertrophy

Lai, Ka-Man V., Gonzalez, Michael, Poueymirou, William T., Kline, William O., Na, Erqian, Zlotchenko, Elizabeth, ...

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a severe morbidity caused by a variety of conditions, including cachexia, cancer, AIDS, prolonged bedrest, and diabetes. One strategy in the treatment of atrophy is to...

Haploinsufficiency of delta-like 4 ligand results in embryonic lethality due to major defects in arterial and vascular development

Gale, Nicholas W., Dominguez, Melissa G., Noguera, Irene, Pan, Li, Hughes, Virginia, Valenzuela, David M., ...

Vascular development depends on the highly coordinated actions of a variety of angiogenic regulators, most of which apparently act downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). One...

Resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice globally overexpressing OGH/GPB5

Macdonald, Lynn E., Wortley, Katherine E., Gowen, Lori C., Anderson, Keith D., Murray, Jane D., Poueymirou, William T., ...

We identified a glycoprotein hormone β-subunit (OGH, also called GPB5) that, as a heterodimer with the α-subunit GPA2, serves as a second ligand for the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Mice...

Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Cancer Causes Loss of Endothelial Fenestrations, Regression of Tumor Vessels, and Appearance of Basement Membrane Ghosts

Inai, Tetsuichiro, Mancuso, Michael, Hashizume, Hiroya, Baffert, Fabienne, Haskell, Amy, Baluk, Peter, ...

Angiogenesis inhibitors are receiving increased attention as cancer therapeutics, but little is known of the cellular effects of these inhibitors on tumor vessels. We sought to determine whether two...

Dysmorphogenesis of Kidney Cortical Peritubular Capillaries in Angiopoietin-2-Deficient Mice

Pitera, Jolanta E., Woolf, Adrian S., Gale, Nicholas W., Yancopoulos, George D., Tao Yuan, Hai

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) modulates Tie-2 receptor activation. In mouse kidney maturation, Ang-2 is expressed in arteries, with lower levels in tubules, whereas Tie-2 is expressed by endothelia. We...

Angiopoietin-2 functions as an autocrine protective factor in stressed endothelial cells

Daly, Christopher, Pasnikowski, Elizabeth, Burova, Elena, Wong, Vivian, Aldrich, Thomas H., Griffiths, Jennifer, ...

Angiopoietin (Ang)-2, a context-dependent agonist/antagonist for the vascular-specific Tie2 receptor, is highly expressed by endothelial cells at sites of normal and pathologic angiogenesis. One...

Normal Lymphatic Development and Function in Mice Deficient for the Lymphatic Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1▿ †

Gale, Nicholas W., Prevo, Remko, Espinosa, Jorge, Ferguson, David J., Dominguez, Melissa G., Yancopoulos, George D., ...

The hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 is expressed abundantly on the surfaces of lymphatic vessels and lymph node sinus endothelial cells from early development, where it has been suggested to function both...

Expression of Tie1, Tie2, and Angiopoietins 1, 2, and 4 in Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Cutaneous Angiosarcoma

Brown, Lawrence F., Dezube, Bruce J., Tognazzi, Kathi, Dvorak, Harold F., Yancopoulos, George D.

The angiopoietins are recently described growth factors for vascular endothelium. The Tie1 and Tie2 receptors are expressed by endothelium. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated...

Retinal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Initiates Early Diabetic Retinal Leukocyte Adhesion in Vivo

Joussen, Antonia M., Poulaki, Vassiliki, Qin, Wenying, Kirchhof, Bernd, Mitsiades, Nicholas, Wiegand, Stanley J., ...

Leukocyte adhesion to the diabetic retinal vasculature results in early blood-retinal barrier breakdown, capillary nonperfusion, and endothelial cell injury and death. Previous work has shown that...

Suppression of Diabetic Retinopathy with Angiopoietin-1

Joussen, Antonia M., Poulaki, Vassiliki, Tsujikawa, Akitaka, Qin, Wenying, Qaum, Tamim, Xu, Qingwen, ...

Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness. A critical early pathology in the disease is the adhesion of leukocytes to the retinal vasculature, a process that occurs, in...

Vascular endothelial tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP)-null mice undergo vasculogenesis but die embryonically because of defects in angiogenesis

Dominguez, Melissa G., Hughes, Virginia C., Pan, Li, Simmons, Mary, Daly, Christopher, Anderson, Keith, ...

Development of the vascular system depends on the highly coordinated actions of a variety of angiogenic regulators. Several of these regulators are members of the tyrosine kinase superfamily,...

Distinct Domains of Musk Mediate Its Abilities to Induce and to Associate with Postsynaptic Specializations

Zhou, Heather, Glass, David J., Yancopoulos, George D., Sanes, Joshua R.

Agrin released from motor nerve terminals activates a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) in muscle cells to trigger formation of the skeletal neuromuscular junction. A key step in...

VEGF Trap complex formation measures production rates of VEGF, providing a biomarker for predicting efficacious angiogenic blockade

Rudge, John S., Holash, Jocelyn, Hylton, Donna, Russell, Michelle, Jiang, Shelly, Leidich, Raymond, ...

VEGF is the best characterized mediator of tumor angiogenesis. Anti-VEGF agents have recently demonstrated impressive efficacy in human cancer trials, but the optimal dosing of such agents must still...

CD133 expression is not restricted to stem cells, and both CD133+ and CD133– metastatic colon cancer cells initiate tumors

Shmelkov, Sergey V., Butler, Jason M., Hooper, Andrea T., Hormigo, Adilia, Kushner, Jared, Milde, Till, ...

Colon cancer stem cells are believed to originate from a rare population of putative CD133+ intestinal stem cells. Recent publications suggest that a small subset of colon cancer cells expresses...

Alternatively activated macrophage-derived RELM-α is a negative regulator of type 2 inflammation in the lung

Nair, Meera G., Du, Yurong, Perrigoue, Jacqueline G., Zaph, Colby, Taylor, Justin J., Goldschmidt, Michael, ...

Differentiation and recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) are hallmarks of several inflammatory conditions associated with infection, allergy, diabetes, and cancer. AAMacs are...