Eugene M. Izhikevich, Gerald M. Edelman
We simulated a large-scale thalamocortical network consisting of one million neurons and up to one billion synaptic connections. Parameters of the network are scaled to preserve ratios found in the...
Leif H. Finkep, Gerald M. Edelman
A computer model based on visual cortex has been con-structed to analyze how the operations of multiple, func-tionally segregated cortical areas can be coordinated and integrated to yield a unified...
Giorgio A. Ascoli, Erik De Schutter, David N. Kennedy, Anil Seth, Olaf Sporns, Jeffrey Krichmar, ...
We describe Darwin X, a physical device that interacts with a real environment, whose behavior is guided by a simulated nervous system incorporating aspects of the detailed anatomy and physiology of...
cooperates with humans in (2008)
Jason Fleischer, Botond Szatmáry, Donald Hutson, Douglas Moore, James Snook, Gerald M. Edelman, ...
A neurally controlled robot competes and
Visual Binding, Reentry, and Neuronal Synchrony in (2007)
Anil K. Seth, Jeffrey L. Mckinstry, Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
By constructing and analyzing a physically situated brain-based device (i.e. a device with sensors and actuators whose behavior is guided by a simulated nervous system), we show that reentrant...
Texture discrimination by an autonomous mobile brain-based device with whiskers (2004)
Anil K. Seth, Jeffrey L. Mckinstry, Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
device with whiskers
Più grande del cielo, lo straordinario dono fenomenico della coscienza, Gerald M. Edelman. . - Torino. NALUAF000800, Einaudi. NAEDAF002031, 2004.
MAURO, VINCENT P., EDELMAN, GERALD M., ZHOU, WEI
We previously reported that the 5′ leader of the mRNA-encoding initiation factor eIF4G in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can function as a translational enhancer and as an internal ribosome entry site...
Seth, Anil K., McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
Effective visual object recognition requires mechanisms to bind object features (e.g. color, shape and motion) while distinguishing distinct objects. Synchronously active neuronal circuits among...
Spike-timing Dynamics of Neuronal Groups (2004)
Izhikevich, Eugene M., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
A neuronal network inspired by the anatomy of the cerebral cortex was simulated to study the self-organization of spiking neurons into neuronal groups. The network consisted of 100 000 reentrantly...
Seth, Anil K., McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
Effective visual object recognition requires mechanisms to bind object features (e.g. color, shape and motion) while distinguishing distinct objects. Synchronously active neuronal circuits among...
Spike-timing Dynamics of Neuronal Groups (2004)
Izhikevich, Eugene M., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
A neuronal network inspired by the anatomy of the cerebral cortex was simulated to study the self-organization of spiking neurons into neuronal groups. The network consisted of 100 000...
Spike-timing Dynamics of Neuronal Groups (2004)
Izhikevich, Eugene M., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
A neuronal network inspired by the anatomy of the cerebral cortex was simulated to study the self-organization of spiking neurons into neuronal groups. The network consisted of 100 000 reentrantly...
Seth, Anil K., McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
Effective visual object recognition requires mechanisms to bind object features (e.g. color, shape and motion) while distinguishing distinct objects. Synchronously active neuronal circuits among...
Visual binding, reentry, and neuronal synchrony in a physically situated brain-based device (2003)
Seth, Anil K., McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
By constructing and analyzing a physically situated brain-based device (i.e. a device with sensors and actuators whose behavior is guided by a simulated nervous system), we show that reentrant...
Visual binding, reentry, and neuronal synchrony in a physically situated brain-based device (2003)
Seth, Anil K., McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
By constructing and analyzing a physically situated brain-based device (i.e. a device with sensors and actuators whose behavior is guided by a simulated nervous system), we show that reentrant...
Visual binding, reentry, and neuronal synchrony in a physically situated brain-based device (2003)
Seth, Anil K., McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
By constructing and analyzing a physically situated brain-based device (i.e. a device with sensors and actuators whose behavior is guided by a simulated nervous system), we show that reentrant...
Brain-based devices: Intelligent systems based on principles of the nervous sytem (2003)
Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Gerald M. Edelman
Abstract − Our group has constructed a series of brain-based devices (BBDs); i.e. physical devices with simulated nervous systems that guide behavior, to serve as a heuristic for understanding...
El universo de la conciencia : cómo la materia se convierte en imaginación (2002)
Edelman, Gerald M., Tononi, Giulio
Traducción de: A Universe of Consciousness. How Matter Becomes Imagination
El universo de la conciencia : cómo la materia se convierte en imaginación (2002)
Edelman, Gerald M., Tononi, Giulio
84-8432-374-9
Krichmar, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M.
In studying brain activity during the behavior of living animals, it is not possible simultaneously to analyze all levels of control from molecular events to motor responses. To provide insights into...
Plasticity in value systems and its role in adaptive behavior (2000)
Olaf Sporns, Nikolaus Almássy, Gerald M. Edelman, Gerald M. Edelman
On behalf of:
Michele Rucci, Giulio Tononi, Gerald M. Edelman
In the optic tectum (OT) of the barn owl, visual and auditory maps of space are found in close alignment with each other. Experiments in which such alignment has been disrupted have shown a...
A Model of Color Vision Based on Cortical Reentry (1996)
Wray, Jonathan, Edelman, Gerald M.
It is known that the perceived color of an object depends on the context in which it is viewed, its reflectance properties and the spectral distribution of the illuminating light. What is not known,...
Tononi, Giullo, Sporns, Olaf, Edelman, Gerald M.
Studies of the cerebral cortex, particularly those of the visual system, demonstrate the existence of multiple, anatomically segregated and functionally specialized cortical areas. There is no...
Spatial Signaling in the Development and Function of Neural Connections (1991)
Montague, P. Read, Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
In the vertebrate central nervous system, afferent axons find their appropriate target structures under the influence of local environmental cues. In many target regions, appropriate patterns of...
Synaptic function / edited by Gerald M. Edelman ... [et al.] (1987)
"Based on the third annual symposium of the Neurosciences Institute of the Neurosciences Research Program held at the Salk Institute in 1984"
John C. Pearson, Leif H. Finkel, Gerald M. Edelman
Recent experimental evidence from the somatosensory, au-ditory, and visual systems documents the existence of func-tional plasticity in topographic map organization in adult an-imals. This evidence...
Cell Adhesion as a Basis of Pattern in Embryonic Development (1987)
EDELMAN, GERALD M., GALLIN, WARREN J.
The development of the modern methodologies of cell biology in the fifties and sixties and of molecular biology in the seventies and eighties has led to a reductionist view of embryonic development...
Hu, Michael C.-Y., Tranque, Pedro, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
Numerous eukaryotic mRNAs contain sequences complementary to segments of the 18S and 28S rRNAs. Previous studies raised the possibility that these complementarities might allow mRNA–rRNA...
Vanderklish, Peter W., Krushel, Leslie A., Holst, Brent H., Gally, Joseph A., Crossin, Kathryn L., Edelman, Gerald M.
Excitatory synaptic activity can evoke transient and substantial elevations of postsynaptic calcium. Downstream effects of elevated calcium include the activation of the calcium-dependent protease...
Koenigsberger, Carol, Chicca, John J., Amoureux, Marie-Claude, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
NRSF/REST is a protein that silences transcription of a number of genes that contain a DNA element called the neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE). During embryogenesis, REST is expressed...
Measures of degeneracy and redundancy in biological networks
Tononi, Giulio, Sporns, Olaf, Edelman, Gerald M.
Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function, is a prominent property of many biological systems ranging from genes to neural networks to evolution...
Synthetic promoter elements obtained by nucleotide sequence variation and selection for activity
Edelman, Gerald M., Meech, Robyn, Owens, Geoffrey C., Jones, Frederick S.
Eukaryotic transcriptional regulation in different cells involves large numbers and arrangements of cis and trans elements. To survey the number of cis regulatory elements that are active in...
Krushel, Leslie A., Tai, Ming-Hong, Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M., Crossin, Kathryn L.
The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibits astrocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and this effect is partially reversed by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU-486. The present studies...
Holst, Brent D., Vanderklish, Peter W., Krushel, Leslie A., Zhou, Wei, Langdon, Ronald B., McWhirter, John R., ...
To study regulation in vivo of the promoter for the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, we have used homologous recombination to insert the bacterial lacZ gene between the transcription and...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency-tagged neuromagnetic responses
Tononi, Giulio, Srinivasan, Ramesh, Russell, D. Patrick, Edelman, Gerald M.
In binocular rivalry, a subject views two incongruent stimuli through each eye but consciously perceives only one stimulus at a time, with a switch in perceptual dominance every few seconds. To...
Kallunki, Pekka, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
The cell adhesion molecule L1 mediates axonal guidance during neural development and mutations in its gene result in severe neurological defects. In previous studies, we identified the promoter for...
Multiple promoter elements differentially regulate the expression of the mouse tenascin gene
Copertino, Donald W., Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
Tenascin (TN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed in a characteristic spatiotemporal pattern during development and is up-regulated in the adult during tumorigenesis, wound...
Jones, Frederick S., Kioussi, Chrissa, Copertino, Donald W., Kallunki, Pekka, Holst, Brent D., Edelman, Gerald M.
Homeobox genes are regulators of place-dependent morphogenesis and play important roles in controlling the expression patterns of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). To identify proteins that bind to a...
Glucocorticoid receptor pathways are involved in the inhibition of astrocyte proliferation
Crossin, Kathryn L., Tai, Ming-Hong, Krushel, Leslie A., Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M.
In earlier studies, the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, was found to inhibit the proliferation of rat astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. To identify the gene targets involved, we used...
Tranque, Pedro, Hu, Michael C.-Y., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
Our recent demonstration that many eukaryotic mRNAs contain sequences complementary to rRNA led to the hypothesis that these sequences might mediate specific interactions between mRNAs and ribosomes...
Chappell, Stephen A., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
This study addresses the properties of a newly identified internal ribosome entry site (IRES) contained within the mRNA of the homeodomain protein Gtx. Sequential deletions of the 5′ untranslated...
Meech, Robyn, Kallunki, Pekka, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
The cell adhesion molecule L1 regulates axonal guidance and fasciculation during development. We previously identified the regulatory region of the L1 gene and showed that it was sufficient for...
Owens, Geoffrey C., Chappell, Stephen A., Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M.
Sequences that control translation of mRNA may play critical roles in regulating protein levels. One such element is the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We previously showed that a 9-nt segment...
Zhou, Wei, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In higher eukaryotes, translation of some mRNAs occurs by internal initiation. It is not known, however, whether this mechanism is used to initiate the translation of any yeast mRNAs. In this report,...
Little, Edward B., Crossin, Kathryn L., Krushel, Leslie A., Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A.
The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is expressed on the surface of astrocytes, where its homophilic binding leads to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Transfection of...
Internal initiation of translation of five dendritically localized neuronal mRNAs
Pinkstaff, Jason K., Chappell, Stephen A., Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M., Krushel, Les A.
In neurons, translation of dendritically localized mRNAs is thought to play a role in affecting synaptic efficacy. Inasmuch as components of the translation machinery may be limiting in dendrites, we...
Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems
Edelman, Gerald M., Gally, Joseph A.
Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output, is a well known characteristic of the genetic code and immune systems. Here,...
Cultured rat hippocampal neural progenitors generate spontaneously active neural networks
Mistry, Sanjay K., Keefer, Edward W., Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M., Crossin, Kathryn L.
We previously demonstrated that the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibited the proliferation of cultured rat hippocampal progenitor cells and increased the number of neurons generated. We...
Vanderklish, Peter W., Edelman, Gerald M.
Changes in the morphology of dendritic spines are correlated with synaptic plasticity and may relate mechanistically to its expression and stabilization. Recent work has shown that spine length can...
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances synthesis of Arc in synaptoneurosomes
Yin, Yong, Edelman, Gerald M., Vanderklish, Peter W.
Protein synthesis in neurons is essential for the consolidation of memory and for the stabilization of activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP)....
The ribosome filter hypothesis
Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M.
A variety of posttranscriptional mechanisms affects the processing, subcellular localization, and translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Translational control appears to occur primarily at the...
Chen, Yanqing, Seth, Anil K., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
This paper presents evidence indicating that the signals generated by neural responses to visual input can be either enhanced by increasing or suppressed by decreasing the area of the stimuli to...
Zhou, Wei, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In previous studies, we demonstrated the sufficiency of short nucleotide sequences to facilitate internal initiation of translation in mammalian cells. By using a selection methodology, we have now...
Naturalizing consciousness: A theoretical framework
Consciousness has a number of apparently disparate properties, some of which seem to be highly complex and even inaccessible to outside observation. To place these properties within a biological...
SUBGROUPS OF AMINO ACID SEQUENCES IN THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS*
Cunningham, Bruce A., Pflumm, Mollie N., User, Urs Rutisha, Edelman, Gerald M.
The amino acid sequence of the first 133 residues of the heavy (γ) chain from a human γG immunoglobulin (He) has been determined. This γ-chain is identical in Gm type to that of protein Eu, the...
DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE IV: A NEW EXONUCLEASE FROM MAMMALIAN TISSUES*
Lindahl, Tomas, Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
An exonuclease which specifically degrades double-standard DNA has been isolated from rabbit tissues. The enzyme has an approximate molecular weight of 42,000, requires a divalent metal ion as...
A Genetic Marker in the Variable Region of Light Chains of Mouse Immunoglobulins*
Edelman, Gerald M., Gottlieb, Paul D.
A genetic variation was observed upon autoradiographic comparison of tryptic peptide maps of 14C-labeled normal light chains from 17 different inbred strains of mice. The difference was found in...
Smart, Fiona M., Edelman, Gerald M., Vanderklish, Peter W.
In many cell types, translation can be regulated by a redistribution of translation initiation factors to actin-based cytoskeletal compartments that contain bound mRNAs. This process is evoked by...
Density-dependent stimulation and inhibition of cell growth by agents that disrupt microtubules
McClain, Donald A., Edelman, Gerald M.
We have previously reported that agents that disrupt microtubules, such as colchicine, inhibit the growth stimulation of lymphocytes and arrested fibroblasts; other workers have recently reported...
Rogers, George W., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
β-Secretase [also known as the β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)] is an enzyme involved in the production of Aβ-amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's...
Favin versus concanavalin A: Circularly permuted amino acid sequences
Cunningham, Bruce A., Hemperly, John J., Hopp, Thomas P., Edelman, Gerald M.
We have determined the tentative amino acid sequence of the β chain (Mr 20,000) of the lectin favin. In previous studies, we have shown that the α chain (Mr 5600) of this lectin is homologous to a...
Unusual Fragments in the Subunit Structure of Concanavalin A
Wang, John L., Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M.
Gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and gel filtration in guanidine. HCl indicate that native concanavalin A contains several molecular species. An intact subunit of molecular weight 27,000...
Cascade Chromatography and Automated Multidimensional Fractionation
Edelman, Gerald M., Gall, W. Einar
A general method of automated multidimensional fractionation has been developed. Its basic ingredients are: (a) cascade fractionation, i.e., the sequential fractionation of components obtained from...
Structure of Concanavalin A at 4 Å Resolution
Quiocho, Florante A., Reeke, George N., Becker, Joseph W., Lipscomb, William N., Edelman, Gerald M.
Concanavalin A, a phytohemagglutinin isolated from the jack bean, crystallizes at pH 6.8 in the orthorhombic space group 1222 with a = 89.9, b = 87.2, and c = 63.1 Å. We have analyzed x-ray...
Molecular Probes of Spermatozoan Structures
Edelman, Gerald M., Millette, Clarke F.
Several methods have been devised for the isolation and labeling of structural components of spermatozoa. Rodent spermatozoa were cleaved rapidly and specifically at the junction of the heads and...
Changes in the three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A upon demetallization
Reeke, George N., Becker, Joseph W., Edelman, Gerald M.
When the Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions normally present in concanavalin A are removed, the protein becomes incapable of binding saccharides. To explore the structural differences between the native and...
Assay for early cytoplasmic effects of the src gene product of Rous sarcoma virus
McClain, Donald A., Maness, Patricia F., Edelman, Gerald M.
When microinjected into normal fibroblasts, cytoplasmic extracts of cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus caused dissolution of microfilament bundles. This activity was not found in extracts of...
Characterization of L-CAM, a major cell adhesion molecule from embryonic liver cells
Gallin, Warren J., Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A.
We have developed a method for purifying L-CAM, the cell adhesion molecule from embryonic chicken liver cells, and have compared its properties with those of N-CAM, the neural cell adhesion molecule....
Inactivation and chemical alteration of mating factor α by cells and spheroplasts of yeast
Maness, Patricia F., Edelman, Gerald M.
Mating factor α isolated from yeast culture filtrates was radiolabeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, with full retention of biological activity. The 125I-labeled α factor bound at low...
Restriction of the Mobility of Lymphocyte Immunoglobulin Receptors by Concanavalin A
Yahara, Ichiro, Edelman, Gerald M.
The induction by anti-immunoglobulin of patch and cap formation on mouse lymphocytes was inhibited by the addition of concanavalin A. This effect was reversed by α-methyl-D-mannoside, a competitive...
β2-Microglobulin—A Free Immunoglobulin Domain
Peterson, Per A., Cunningham, Bruce A., Berggård, Ingemar, Edelman, Gerald M.
Analysis of the primary structure of β2-microglobulin indicates that this human protein is homologous in sequence to the constant portion of immunoglobulin light chains (CL), and to the homology...
The Covalent and Three-Dimensional Structure of Concanavalin A
Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A., Reeke, George N., Becker, Joseph W., Waxdal, Myron J., Wang, John L.
The tentative amino-acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of the lectin concanavalin A have been determined. The amino-acid sequence, which was determined chemically, contains 238 residues....
Concanavalin A Derivatives with Altered Biological Activities
Gunther, Gary R., Wang, John L., Yahara, Ichiro, Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M.
Chemical derivatization of tetrameric concanavalin A (Con A) with succinic anhydride or acetic anhydride converts the protein to a dimeric molecule without altering its carbohydrate-binding...
Receptor Mobility and Receptor-Cytoplasmic Interactions in Lymphocytes
Edelman, Gerald M., Yahara, Ichiro, Wang, John L.
An analysis of the inhibition by concanavalin A of the mobility of lymphocyte surface receptors is used to construct an hypothesis on membrane receptor-cytoplasmic interactions. It is proposed that...
Chappell, Stephen A., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
We previously identified an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the 5′ leader of the mRNA encoding the Gtx homeodomain protein and showed that shorter nonoverlapping segments of this 5′...
THE COVALENT STRUCTURE OF AN ENTIRE γG IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULE*
Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A., Gall, W. Einar, Gottlieb, Paul D., Rutishauser, Urs, Waxdal, Myron J.
The complete amino acid sequence of a human γG1 immunoglobulin (Eu) has been determined and the arrangement of all of the disulfide bonds has been established. Comparison of the sequence with that...
Krichmar, Jeffrey L., Nitz, Douglas A., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
Analyzing neural dynamics underlying complex behavior is a major challenge in systems neurobiology. To meet this challenge through computational neuroscience, we have constructed a brain-based device...
Dresios, John, Aschrafi, Armaz, Owens, Geoffrey C., Vanderklish, Peter W., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
The expression of Rbm3, a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, is enhanced under conditions of mild hypothermia, and Rbm3 has been postulated to facilitate protein synthesis at colder temperatures. To...
Aschrafi, Armaz, Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M., Vanderklish, Peter W.
Fragile X syndrome results from the transcriptional silencing of a gene, Fmr1, that codes for an mRNA-binding protein (fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP) present in neuronal dendrites. FMRP...
A positive feedback vector for identification of nucleotide sequences that enhance translation
Zhou, Wei, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In earlier studies, we identified short (6- to 22-nt) sequences that functioned as internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes) and enhanced translation. The size of these IRES elements suggested that they...
MAURO, VINCENT P., EDELMAN, GERALD M., ZHOU, WEI
We previously reported that the 5′ leader of the mRNA-encoding initiation factor eIF4G in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can function as a translational enhancer and as an internal ribosome entry site...
A cerebellar model for predictive motor control tested in a brain-based device
McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
The cerebellum is known to be critical for accurate adaptive control and motor learning. We propose here a mechanism by which the cerebellum may replace reflex control with predictive control. This...
Ribosomal shunting mediated by a translational enhancer element that base pairs to 18S rRNA
Chappell, Stephen A., Dresios, John, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In eukaryotes, 40S ribosomal subunits move from their recruitment site on the mRNA to the initiation codon by an as yet poorly understood process. One postulated mechanism involves ribosomal...
Hu, Michael C.-Y., Tranque, Pedro, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
Numerous eukaryotic mRNAs contain sequences complementary to segments of the 18S and 28S rRNAs. Previous studies raised the possibility that these complementarities might allow mRNA–rRNA...
Vanderklish, Peter W., Krushel, Leslie A., Holst, Brent H., Gally, Joseph A., Crossin, Kathryn L., Edelman, Gerald M.
Excitatory synaptic activity can evoke transient and substantial elevations of postsynaptic calcium. Downstream effects of elevated calcium include the activation of the calcium-dependent protease...
Koenigsberger, Carol, Chicca, John J., Amoureux, Marie-Claude, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
NRSF/REST is a protein that silences transcription of a number of genes that contain a DNA element called the neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE). During embryogenesis, REST is expressed...
Measures of degeneracy and redundancy in biological networks
Tononi, Giulio, Sporns, Olaf, Edelman, Gerald M.
Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function, is a prominent property of many biological systems ranging from genes to neural networks to evolution...
Synthetic promoter elements obtained by nucleotide sequence variation and selection for activity
Edelman, Gerald M., Meech, Robyn, Owens, Geoffrey C., Jones, Frederick S.
Eukaryotic transcriptional regulation in different cells involves large numbers and arrangements of cis and trans elements. To survey the number of cis regulatory elements that are active in...
Krushel, Leslie A., Tai, Ming-Hong, Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M., Crossin, Kathryn L.
The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibits astrocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and this effect is partially reversed by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU-486. The present studies...
Holst, Brent D., Vanderklish, Peter W., Krushel, Leslie A., Zhou, Wei, Langdon, Ronald B., McWhirter, John R., ...
To study regulation in vivo of the promoter for the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, we have used homologous recombination to insert the bacterial lacZ gene between the transcription and...
Investigating neural correlates of conscious perception by frequency-tagged neuromagnetic responses
Tononi, Giulio, Srinivasan, Ramesh, Russell, D. Patrick, Edelman, Gerald M.
In binocular rivalry, a subject views two incongruent stimuli through each eye but consciously perceives only one stimulus at a time, with a switch in perceptual dominance every few seconds. To...
Kallunki, Pekka, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
The cell adhesion molecule L1 mediates axonal guidance during neural development and mutations in its gene result in severe neurological defects. In previous studies, we identified the promoter for...
Multiple promoter elements differentially regulate the expression of the mouse tenascin gene
Copertino, Donald W., Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
Tenascin (TN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed in a characteristic spatiotemporal pattern during development and is up-regulated in the adult during tumorigenesis, wound...
Jones, Frederick S., Kioussi, Chrissa, Copertino, Donald W., Kallunki, Pekka, Holst, Brent D., Edelman, Gerald M.
Homeobox genes are regulators of place-dependent morphogenesis and play important roles in controlling the expression patterns of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). To identify proteins that bind to a...
Glucocorticoid receptor pathways are involved in the inhibition of astrocyte proliferation
Crossin, Kathryn L., Tai, Ming-Hong, Krushel, Leslie A., Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M.
In earlier studies, the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, was found to inhibit the proliferation of rat astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. To identify the gene targets involved, we used...
Tranque, Pedro, Hu, Michael C.-Y., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
Our recent demonstration that many eukaryotic mRNAs contain sequences complementary to rRNA led to the hypothesis that these sequences might mediate specific interactions between mRNAs and ribosomes...
Chappell, Stephen A., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
This study addresses the properties of a newly identified internal ribosome entry site (IRES) contained within the mRNA of the homeodomain protein Gtx. Sequential deletions of the 5′ untranslated...
Meech, Robyn, Kallunki, Pekka, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
The cell adhesion molecule L1 regulates axonal guidance and fasciculation during development. We previously identified the regulatory region of the L1 gene and showed that it was sufficient for...
Owens, Geoffrey C., Chappell, Stephen A., Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M.
Sequences that control translation of mRNA may play critical roles in regulating protein levels. One such element is the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We previously showed that a 9-nt segment...
Zhou, Wei, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In higher eukaryotes, translation of some mRNAs occurs by internal initiation. It is not known, however, whether this mechanism is used to initiate the translation of any yeast mRNAs. In this report,...
Little, Edward B., Crossin, Kathryn L., Krushel, Leslie A., Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A.
The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is expressed on the surface of astrocytes, where its homophilic binding leads to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Transfection of...
Internal initiation of translation of five dendritically localized neuronal mRNAs
Pinkstaff, Jason K., Chappell, Stephen A., Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M., Krushel, Les A.
In neurons, translation of dendritically localized mRNAs is thought to play a role in affecting synaptic efficacy. Inasmuch as components of the translation machinery may be limiting in dendrites, we...
Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems
Edelman, Gerald M., Gally, Joseph A.
Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output, is a well known characteristic of the genetic code and immune systems. Here,...
Cultured rat hippocampal neural progenitors generate spontaneously active neural networks
Mistry, Sanjay K., Keefer, Edward W., Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M., Crossin, Kathryn L.
We previously demonstrated that the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibited the proliferation of cultured rat hippocampal progenitor cells and increased the number of neurons generated. We...
Vanderklish, Peter W., Edelman, Gerald M.
Changes in the morphology of dendritic spines are correlated with synaptic plasticity and may relate mechanistically to its expression and stabilization. Recent work has shown that spine length can...
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances synthesis of Arc in synaptoneurosomes
Yin, Yong, Edelman, Gerald M., Vanderklish, Peter W.
Protein synthesis in neurons is essential for the consolidation of memory and for the stabilization of activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP)....
The ribosome filter hypothesis
Mauro, Vincent P., Edelman, Gerald M.
A variety of posttranscriptional mechanisms affects the processing, subcellular localization, and translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Translational control appears to occur primarily at the...
Chen, Yanqing, Seth, Anil K., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
This paper presents evidence indicating that the signals generated by neural responses to visual input can be either enhanced by increasing or suppressed by decreasing the area of the stimuli to...
Zhou, Wei, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In previous studies, we demonstrated the sufficiency of short nucleotide sequences to facilitate internal initiation of translation in mammalian cells. By using a selection methodology, we have now...
Naturalizing consciousness: A theoretical framework
Consciousness has a number of apparently disparate properties, some of which seem to be highly complex and even inaccessible to outside observation. To place these properties within a biological...
SUBGROUPS OF AMINO ACID SEQUENCES IN THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS*
Cunningham, Bruce A., Pflumm, Mollie N., User, Urs Rutisha, Edelman, Gerald M.
The amino acid sequence of the first 133 residues of the heavy (γ) chain from a human γG immunoglobulin (He) has been determined. This γ-chain is identical in Gm type to that of protein Eu, the...
DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE IV: A NEW EXONUCLEASE FROM MAMMALIAN TISSUES*
Lindahl, Tomas, Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
An exonuclease which specifically degrades double-standard DNA has been isolated from rabbit tissues. The enzyme has an approximate molecular weight of 42,000, requires a divalent metal ion as...
A Genetic Marker in the Variable Region of Light Chains of Mouse Immunoglobulins*
Edelman, Gerald M., Gottlieb, Paul D.
A genetic variation was observed upon autoradiographic comparison of tryptic peptide maps of 14C-labeled normal light chains from 17 different inbred strains of mice. The difference was found in...
Smart, Fiona M., Edelman, Gerald M., Vanderklish, Peter W.
In many cell types, translation can be regulated by a redistribution of translation initiation factors to actin-based cytoskeletal compartments that contain bound mRNAs. This process is evoked by...
Density-dependent stimulation and inhibition of cell growth by agents that disrupt microtubules
McClain, Donald A., Edelman, Gerald M.
We have previously reported that agents that disrupt microtubules, such as colchicine, inhibit the growth stimulation of lymphocytes and arrested fibroblasts; other workers have recently reported...
Rogers, George W., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
β-Secretase [also known as the β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)] is an enzyme involved in the production of Aβ-amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's...
Favin versus concanavalin A: Circularly permuted amino acid sequences
Cunningham, Bruce A., Hemperly, John J., Hopp, Thomas P., Edelman, Gerald M.
We have determined the tentative amino acid sequence of the β chain (Mr 20,000) of the lectin favin. In previous studies, we have shown that the α chain (Mr 5600) of this lectin is homologous to a...
Unusual Fragments in the Subunit Structure of Concanavalin A
Wang, John L., Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M.
Gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and gel filtration in guanidine. HCl indicate that native concanavalin A contains several molecular species. An intact subunit of molecular weight 27,000...
Cascade Chromatography and Automated Multidimensional Fractionation
Edelman, Gerald M., Gall, W. Einar
A general method of automated multidimensional fractionation has been developed. Its basic ingredients are: (a) cascade fractionation, i.e., the sequential fractionation of components obtained from...
Structure of Concanavalin A at 4 Å Resolution
Quiocho, Florante A., Reeke, George N., Becker, Joseph W., Lipscomb, William N., Edelman, Gerald M.
Concanavalin A, a phytohemagglutinin isolated from the jack bean, crystallizes at pH 6.8 in the orthorhombic space group 1222 with a = 89.9, b = 87.2, and c = 63.1 Å. We have analyzed x-ray...
Molecular Probes of Spermatozoan Structures
Edelman, Gerald M., Millette, Clarke F.
Several methods have been devised for the isolation and labeling of structural components of spermatozoa. Rodent spermatozoa were cleaved rapidly and specifically at the junction of the heads and...
Changes in the three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A upon demetallization
Reeke, George N., Becker, Joseph W., Edelman, Gerald M.
When the Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions normally present in concanavalin A are removed, the protein becomes incapable of binding saccharides. To explore the structural differences between the native and...
Assay for early cytoplasmic effects of the src gene product of Rous sarcoma virus
McClain, Donald A., Maness, Patricia F., Edelman, Gerald M.
When microinjected into normal fibroblasts, cytoplasmic extracts of cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus caused dissolution of microfilament bundles. This activity was not found in extracts of...
Characterization of L-CAM, a major cell adhesion molecule from embryonic liver cells
Gallin, Warren J., Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A.
We have developed a method for purifying L-CAM, the cell adhesion molecule from embryonic chicken liver cells, and have compared its properties with those of N-CAM, the neural cell adhesion molecule....
Inactivation and chemical alteration of mating factor α by cells and spheroplasts of yeast
Maness, Patricia F., Edelman, Gerald M.
Mating factor α isolated from yeast culture filtrates was radiolabeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, with full retention of biological activity. The 125I-labeled α factor bound at low...
Restriction of the Mobility of Lymphocyte Immunoglobulin Receptors by Concanavalin A
Yahara, Ichiro, Edelman, Gerald M.
The induction by anti-immunoglobulin of patch and cap formation on mouse lymphocytes was inhibited by the addition of concanavalin A. This effect was reversed by α-methyl-D-mannoside, a competitive...
β2-Microglobulin—A Free Immunoglobulin Domain
Peterson, Per A., Cunningham, Bruce A., Berggård, Ingemar, Edelman, Gerald M.
Analysis of the primary structure of β2-microglobulin indicates that this human protein is homologous in sequence to the constant portion of immunoglobulin light chains (CL), and to the homology...
The Covalent and Three-Dimensional Structure of Concanavalin A
Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A., Reeke, George N., Becker, Joseph W., Waxdal, Myron J., Wang, John L.
The tentative amino-acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of the lectin concanavalin A have been determined. The amino-acid sequence, which was determined chemically, contains 238 residues....
Concanavalin A Derivatives with Altered Biological Activities
Gunther, Gary R., Wang, John L., Yahara, Ichiro, Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M.
Chemical derivatization of tetrameric concanavalin A (Con A) with succinic anhydride or acetic anhydride converts the protein to a dimeric molecule without altering its carbohydrate-binding...
Receptor Mobility and Receptor-Cytoplasmic Interactions in Lymphocytes
Edelman, Gerald M., Yahara, Ichiro, Wang, John L.
An analysis of the inhibition by concanavalin A of the mobility of lymphocyte surface receptors is used to construct an hypothesis on membrane receptor-cytoplasmic interactions. It is proposed that...
Chappell, Stephen A., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
We previously identified an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the 5′ leader of the mRNA encoding the Gtx homeodomain protein and showed that shorter nonoverlapping segments of this 5′...
THE COVALENT STRUCTURE OF AN ENTIRE γG IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULE*
Edelman, Gerald M., Cunningham, Bruce A., Gall, W. Einar, Gottlieb, Paul D., Rutishauser, Urs, Waxdal, Myron J.
The complete amino acid sequence of a human γG1 immunoglobulin (Eu) has been determined and the arrangement of all of the disulfide bonds has been established. Comparison of the sequence with that...
Krichmar, Jeffrey L., Nitz, Douglas A., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M.
Analyzing neural dynamics underlying complex behavior is a major challenge in systems neurobiology. To meet this challenge through computational neuroscience, we have constructed a brain-based device...
Dresios, John, Aschrafi, Armaz, Owens, Geoffrey C., Vanderklish, Peter W., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
The expression of Rbm3, a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, is enhanced under conditions of mild hypothermia, and Rbm3 has been postulated to facilitate protein synthesis at colder temperatures. To...
Aschrafi, Armaz, Cunningham, Bruce A., Edelman, Gerald M., Vanderklish, Peter W.
Fragile X syndrome results from the transcriptional silencing of a gene, Fmr1, that codes for an mRNA-binding protein (fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP) present in neuronal dendrites. FMRP...
A positive feedback vector for identification of nucleotide sequences that enhance translation
Zhou, Wei, Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
In earlier studies, we identified short (6- to 22-nt) sequences that functioned as internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes) and enhanced translation. The size of these IRES elements suggested that they...
MAURO, VINCENT P., EDELMAN, GERALD M., ZHOU, WEI
We previously reported that the 5′ leader of the mRNA-encoding initiation factor eIF4G in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can function as a translational enhancer and as an internal ribosome entry site...
A cerebellar model for predictive motor control tested in a brain-based device
McKinstry, Jeffrey L., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
The cerebellum is known to be critical for accurate adaptive control and motor learning. We propose here a mechanism by which the cerebellum may replace reflex control with predictive control. This...
Theories and measures of consciousness: An extended framework
Seth, Anil K., Izhikevich, Eugene, Reeke, George N., Edelman, Gerald M.
A recent theoretical emphasis on complex interactions within neural systems underlying consciousness has been accompanied by proposals for the quantitative characterization of these interactions. In...
Ribosomal tethering and clustering as mechanisms for translation initiation
Chappell, Stephen A., Edelman, Gerald M., Mauro, Vincent P.
Eukaryotic mRNAs often recruit ribosomal subunits some distance upstream of the initiation codon; however, the mechanisms by which they reach the initiation codon remain to be fully elucidated....
Fleischer, Jason G., Gally, Joseph A., Edelman, Gerald M., Krichmar, Jeffrey L.
Recent recordings of place field activity in rodent hippocampus have revealed correlates of current, recent past, and imminent future events in spatial memory tasks. To analyze these properties, we...
Marchalonis, John J., Edelman, Gerald M.
The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, has been found to produce specific antibodies after immunization with bacteriophage f2. Antibody activity is localized in 6.6S and 14S fractions of lamprey serum....
CHARACTERIZATION OF SPLENIC LYMPHOID CELLS IN FETAL AND NEWBORN MICE
Spear, Patricia G., Wang, Ai-Lan, Rutishauser, Urs, Edelman, Gerald M.
In order to clarify the cellular events that precede the onset of immunological competence in the mouse, we have characterized and quantitated the lymphoid cells of the spleen as a function of age....
MATURATION OF THE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE
Spear, Patricia G., Edelman, Gerald M.
In spite of the prenatal appearance of immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and θ-positive lymphocytes in the spleens of Swiss-L mice, these mice are not able to produce detectable levels of humoral...
THE KINETICS OF CELLULAR COMMITMENT DURING STIMULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES BY LECTINS
Gunther, Gary R., Wang, John L., Edelman, Gerald M.
The kinetics of cellular commitment in the stimulation of lymphocytes by concanavalin A (Con A) has been analyzed by measurement of DNA synthesis, autoradiography, and histologic staining techniques....
Kallunki, Pekka, Edelman, Gerald M., Jones, Frederick S.
The cell adhesion molecule L1 mediates neurite outgrowth and fasciculation during embryogenesis and mutations in its gene have been linked to a number of human congenital syndromes. To identify DNA...
Large-scale model of mammalian thalamocortical systems
Izhikevich, Eugene M., Edelman, Gerald M.
The understanding of the structural and dynamic complexity of mammalian brains is greatly facilitated by computer simulations. We present here a detailed large-scale thalamocortical model based on...