Filtering of Ineffective siRNAs and Improved siRNA Design Tool (2005)
Yiu, S. M., Wong, Prudence W. H., Lam, T.W., Mui, Y.C., Kung, H. F., Lin, Marie, ...
Motivation: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to suppress gene expression and possess many potential applications in therapy, but how to design an effective siRNA is still not clear. Based...
Filtering of Ineffective siRNAs and Improved siRNA Design Tool (2004)
Yiu, S. M., Wong, Prudence W. H., Lam, T. W., Mui, Y. C., Kung, H. F., Lin, Marie, ...
Motivation: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to suppress gene expression and have many potential applications in therapy, yet how to design an effective siRNA is still not clear. Based on...
Filtering of Ineffective siRNAs and Improved siRNA Design Tool (2004)
Yiu, S. M., Wong, Prudence W. H., Lam, T. W., Mui, Y. C., Kung, H. F., Lin, Marie, ...
Motivation: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to suppress gene expression and have many potential applications in therapy, yet how to design an effective siRNA is still not clear. Based on...
Expression and Release of Interleukin-1 by Different Human Melanoma Cell Lines (1989)
Köck, A., Urbanski, A., Luger, T. A., Schwarz, T., Peng, Z., Kung, H. F., ...
The influence of immunologic parameterson the clinical course of malignant melanoma is increasingly evident. However, it is not known which factors contribute to the immunologic host reaction against...
Involvement of Ras/Raf/AP-1 in BMP-4 signaling during Xenopus embryonic development.
Xu, R H, Dong, Z, Maeno, M, Kim, J, Suzuki, A, Ueno, N, ...
Previously, we elucidated the role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in the dorsal-ventral patterning of the Xenopus embryo by using a dominant negative mutant of the BMP-4 receptor (DN-BR)....
Lee-Huang, S, Huang, P L, Huang, P L, Bourinbaiar, A S, Chen, H C, Kung, H F
MAP30 (Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 kDa) and GAP31 (Gelonium anti-HIV protein of 31 kDa) are anti-HIV plant proteins that we have identified, purified, and cloned from the medicinal plants...
Phospholipase C-gamma 1 can induce DNA synthesis by a mechanism independent of its lipase activity.
Smith, M R, Liu, Y L, Matthews, N T, Rhee, S G, Sung, W K, Kung, H F
Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is involved in several signaling pathways leading to cellular growth and differentiation. Our previous studies reported the induction of DNA...
Maéno, M, Ong, R C, Suzuki, A, Ueno, N, Kung, H F
The biological effects of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a member of the transforming growth factor beta family, on embryonic development of Xenopus laevis were investigated by...
Lee-Huang, S, Kung, H F, Huang, P L, Bourinbaiar, A S, Morell, J L, Brown, J H, ...
GAP31 (gelonium anti-HIV protein of 31 kDa) is an anti-HIV protein which we have identified and purified from a medicinal plant, Gelonium multiflorum. It is capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection and...
Li, B Q, Subleski, M, Shalloway, D, Kung, H F, Kamata, T
We report biochemical evidence that epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor stimulate the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, the...
Nonhomologous chromatid exchange in hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinomas.
For the development of renal cell carcinomas, it has been suggested that a germ-line or somatic mutation occurs on one of the homologous chromosomes 3p, and subsequently the other 3p segment is lost....
Lee-Huang, S, Huang, P L, Kung, H F, Li, B Q, Huang, P L, Huang, P, ...
An anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) protein capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection and replication has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from Trichosanthes kirilowii. This protein,...
Mikovits, J A, Calvert, I, Ghosh, S, Kung, H F, Ruscetti, F W
Although monocytic cells can provide a reservoir for viral production in vivo, their regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription can be either latent, restricted, or...
Identification and preliminary characterization of protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase.
Manne, V, Roberts, D, Tobin, A, O'Rourke, E, De Virgilio, M, Meyers, C, ...
Ras proteins must be isoprenylated at a conserved cysteine residue near the carboxyl terminus (Cys-186 in mammalian Ras p21 proteins) in order to exert their biological activity. Previous studies...
Huang, Y K, Kung, H F, Kamata, T
We have previously identified a membrane factor capable of stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange activity for ras p21 proteins. The ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (rGEF) was purified from...
Hoover, T, Mikovits, J, Court, D, Liu, Y L, Kung, H F
The negative regulatory element (NRE) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) is a defined region that has been reported to downregulate LTR-directed HIV gene...
Internal promoter in the ilvGEDA transcription unit of Escherichia coli K-12.
Calhoun, D H, Wallen, J W, Traub, L, Gray, J E, Kung, H F
Segments of the ilvGEDA transcription unit have been cloned into the promoter tester plasmid pMC81. This vector contains cloning sites situated upstream of the lacZ gene coding for...
Differential regulation of neurogenesis by the two Xenopus GATA-1 genes.
Xu, R H, Kim, J, Taira, M, Lin, J J, Zhang, C H, Sredni, D, ...
Previously, we have shown that the ventralizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) can inhibit Xenopus neurogenesis. The erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 functions downstream of the...
The role of ras-encoded proteins and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in inositol phospholipid metabolism has been studied. PDGF stimulates inositol phospholipid turnover in confluent normal rat...
Kung, H. F., Cederbaum, S., Tsai, L., Stadtman, T. C.
A new B12-coenzyme-dependent isomerization, catalyzed by extracts of a nicotinate-fermenting clostridium, results in the conversion of α-methyleneglutaric acid to dimethylmaleic acid. These two...
Smith, M R, Ryu, S H, Suh, P G, Rhee, S G, Kung, H F
Two inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes (PLC-I and -II) have been purified from bovine brain. When PLC-I or PLC-II was microinjected (100-700 micrograms/ml) into quiescent...
Van Meurs, K P, Angus, C W, Lavu, S, Kung, H F, Czarnecki, S K, Moss, J, ...
A bovine retinal cDNA clone encoding the complete sequence (354 amino acids) of Go alpha, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), was isolated by using oligonucleotide probes complementary...
The gene for the human immune interferon receptor is located on chromosome 6.
Rashidbaigi, A, Langer, J A, Jung, V, Jones, C, Morse, H G, Tischfield, J A, ...
When 32P-labeled human recombinant immune interferon gamma (Hu-[32P]IFN-gamma) is crosslinked to human cells with disuccinimidyl suberate, a complex with a molecular size of approximately equal to...
Schwabe, M, Brini, A T, Bosco, M C, Rubboli, F, Egawa, M, Zhao, J, ...
IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for U266 myeloma cells and their growth is inhibited by IFN-alpha or IL-6 mAb. We asked, therefore, whether IFN-alpha-induced growth inhibition involved IL-6....
Greenblatt, J, Li, J, Adhya, S, Friedman, D I, Baron, L S, Redfield, B, ...
The DNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase requires the presence of a soluble protein referred to as L factor [Kung, H., Spears, C. & Weissbach, H. (1975) J. Biol....
Induction of transformation and DNA synthesis after microinjection of raf proteins.
Smith, M R, Heidecker, G, Rapp, U R, Kung, H F
Full-length and N-terminal deletion mutants of human c-raf-1 cDNA were cloned into Escherichia coli expression plasmids. Bacterially expressed c-raf proteins were purified by anion-exchange, gel...
Using Xenopus oocytes as a model system, we investigated the possible involvement of ras proteins in the pathway leading to phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Our results indicate that...
Microinjection of transforming ras protein induces c-fos expression.
Stacey, D W, Watson, T, Kung, H F, Curran, T
Microinjection of p21ras induced c-fos protein accumulation in three types of 3T3 cells. The induction was rapid and efficient and persisted for many hours. In addition, anti-ras antibody...
Microinjection of transforming p21 ras protein induces maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the induction is blocked by coinjection of monoclonal antibody (Y13-259) against p21 ras proteins....
Papageorge, A G, Willumsen, B M, Johnsen, M, Kung, H F, Stacey, D W, Vass, W C, ...
Microinjection of monoclonal antibody Y13-259, which reacts with all known mammalian and yeast ras-encoded proteins, has previously been shown to prevent NIH 3T3 cells from entering the S phase (L....
Mutational analysis of a ras catalytic domain.
Willumsen, B M, Papageorge, A G, Kung, H F, Bekesi, E, Robins, T, Johnsen, M, ...
We used linker insertion-deletion mutagenesis to study the catalytic domain of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus v-rasH transforming protein, which is closely related to the cellular rasH protein. The...
Angus, C W, Van Meurs, K P, Tsai, S C, Adamik, R, Miedel, M C, Pan, Y C, ...
Go alpha, a 39-kDa guanyl nucleotide-binding protein, is functionally and structurally similar to the alpha subunits of the stimulatory and inhibitory guanyl nucleotide-binding proteins (Gs alpha, Gi...
Tsai, S C, Adamik, R, Moss, J, Vaughan, M, Manne, V, Kung, H F
The Ha-ras protooncogene product p21, which may be involved in control of cellular growth, is a membrane protein that binds guanine nucleotides and hydrolyzes GTP. p21 GTPase activity is stimulated...
Manne, V, Yamazaki, S, Kung, H F
High-level expression of the p21 protein product of the BALB murine sarcoma virus v-ras gene (similar to the product of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus v-Ha-ras gene) has been reported recently, and...
Manne, V, Bekesi, E, Kung, H F
Several ras genes have been expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli and the resultant ras proteins were shown to be functional with respect to their well-known specific, high-affinity, GDP/GTP...
DNA-directed in vitro synthesis of proteins involved in bacterial transcription and translation.
Zarucki-Schulz, T, Jerez, C, Goldberg, G, Kung, H F, Huang, K H, Brot, N, ...
The in vitro synthesis of elongation factor (EF)-Tu (tufB), the beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins L10 and L12 directed by DNA from the transducing phage lambda rifd 18, EF-Tu...
DNA dependent synthesis of protein L12 from escherichia coli ribosomes, in vitro.
Chu, F, Kung, H F, Caldwell, P, Weissbach, H, Brot, N
The in vitro synthesis of ribosomal protein L12 has been obtained in a coupled system with DNA extracted from the transducing phage lambdarifd18 as template. In addition, a second protein (molecular...
DNA-directed synthesis in vitro of beta-galactosidase: requirement for a ribosome release factor.
Kung, H F, Treadwell, B V, Spears, C, Tai, P C, Weissbach, H
The DNA-directed synthesis of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli extracts has been investigated in a partially fractionated system. A dependency was obtained for 3',5'-cyclic AMP receptor protein...
Willumsen, B M, Papageorge, A G, Hubbert, N, Bekesi, E, Kung, H F, Lowy, D R
The mammalian p21 ras proteins contain a 20-amino acid region that is highly divergent, in contrast to the strong sequence conservation that is common to other regions of these proteins. This major...
Characterization of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C from human platelets.
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from human platelet cytosol was purified 190-fold to a specific activity of 0.68 mumol of phosphatidylinositol (PI) cleaved/min per mg of protein....
Involvement of Ras/Raf/AP-1 in BMP-4 signaling during Xenopus embryonic development.
Xu, R H, Dong, Z, Maeno, M, Kim, J, Suzuki, A, Ueno, N, ...
Previously, we elucidated the role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in the dorsal-ventral patterning of the Xenopus embryo by using a dominant negative mutant of the BMP-4 receptor (DN-BR)....
Lee-Huang, S, Huang, P L, Huang, P L, Bourinbaiar, A S, Chen, H C, Kung, H F
MAP30 (Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 kDa) and GAP31 (Gelonium anti-HIV protein of 31 kDa) are anti-HIV plant proteins that we have identified, purified, and cloned from the medicinal plants...
Phospholipase C-gamma 1 can induce DNA synthesis by a mechanism independent of its lipase activity.
Smith, M R, Liu, Y L, Matthews, N T, Rhee, S G, Sung, W K, Kung, H F
Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is involved in several signaling pathways leading to cellular growth and differentiation. Our previous studies reported the induction of DNA...
Maéno, M, Ong, R C, Suzuki, A, Ueno, N, Kung, H F
The biological effects of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), a member of the transforming growth factor beta family, on embryonic development of Xenopus laevis were investigated by...
Lee-Huang, S, Kung, H F, Huang, P L, Bourinbaiar, A S, Morell, J L, Brown, J H, ...
GAP31 (gelonium anti-HIV protein of 31 kDa) is an anti-HIV protein which we have identified and purified from a medicinal plant, Gelonium multiflorum. It is capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection and...
Li, B Q, Subleski, M, Shalloway, D, Kung, H F, Kamata, T
We report biochemical evidence that epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor stimulate the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, the...
Nonhomologous chromatid exchange in hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinomas.
For the development of renal cell carcinomas, it has been suggested that a germ-line or somatic mutation occurs on one of the homologous chromosomes 3p, and subsequently the other 3p segment is lost....
Lee-Huang, S, Huang, P L, Kung, H F, Li, B Q, Huang, P L, Huang, P, ...
An anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) protein capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection and replication has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from Trichosanthes kirilowii. This protein,...
Mikovits, J A, Calvert, I, Ghosh, S, Kung, H F, Ruscetti, F W
Although monocytic cells can provide a reservoir for viral production in vivo, their regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription can be either latent, restricted, or...
Identification and preliminary characterization of protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase.
Manne, V, Roberts, D, Tobin, A, O'Rourke, E, De Virgilio, M, Meyers, C, ...
Ras proteins must be isoprenylated at a conserved cysteine residue near the carboxyl terminus (Cys-186 in mammalian Ras p21 proteins) in order to exert their biological activity. Previous studies...
Huang, Y K, Kung, H F, Kamata, T
We have previously identified a membrane factor capable of stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange activity for ras p21 proteins. The ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (rGEF) was purified from...
Hoover, T, Mikovits, J, Court, D, Liu, Y L, Kung, H F
The negative regulatory element (NRE) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) is a defined region that has been reported to downregulate LTR-directed HIV gene...
Internal promoter in the ilvGEDA transcription unit of Escherichia coli K-12.
Calhoun, D H, Wallen, J W, Traub, L, Gray, J E, Kung, H F
Segments of the ilvGEDA transcription unit have been cloned into the promoter tester plasmid pMC81. This vector contains cloning sites situated upstream of the lacZ gene coding for...
Differential regulation of neurogenesis by the two Xenopus GATA-1 genes.
Xu, R H, Kim, J, Taira, M, Lin, J J, Zhang, C H, Sredni, D, ...
Previously, we have shown that the ventralizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) can inhibit Xenopus neurogenesis. The erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 functions downstream of the...
The role of ras-encoded proteins and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in inositol phospholipid metabolism has been studied. PDGF stimulates inositol phospholipid turnover in confluent normal rat...
Kung, H. F., Cederbaum, S., Tsai, L., Stadtman, T. C.
A new B12-coenzyme-dependent isomerization, catalyzed by extracts of a nicotinate-fermenting clostridium, results in the conversion of α-methyleneglutaric acid to dimethylmaleic acid. These two...
Smith, M R, Ryu, S H, Suh, P G, Rhee, S G, Kung, H F
Two inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes (PLC-I and -II) have been purified from bovine brain. When PLC-I or PLC-II was microinjected (100-700 micrograms/ml) into quiescent...
Van Meurs, K P, Angus, C W, Lavu, S, Kung, H F, Czarnecki, S K, Moss, J, ...
A bovine retinal cDNA clone encoding the complete sequence (354 amino acids) of Go alpha, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), was isolated by using oligonucleotide probes complementary...
The gene for the human immune interferon receptor is located on chromosome 6.
Rashidbaigi, A, Langer, J A, Jung, V, Jones, C, Morse, H G, Tischfield, J A, ...
When 32P-labeled human recombinant immune interferon gamma (Hu-[32P]IFN-gamma) is crosslinked to human cells with disuccinimidyl suberate, a complex with a molecular size of approximately equal to...
Schwabe, M, Brini, A T, Bosco, M C, Rubboli, F, Egawa, M, Zhao, J, ...
IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for U266 myeloma cells and their growth is inhibited by IFN-alpha or IL-6 mAb. We asked, therefore, whether IFN-alpha-induced growth inhibition involved IL-6....
Greenblatt, J, Li, J, Adhya, S, Friedman, D I, Baron, L S, Redfield, B, ...
The DNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase requires the presence of a soluble protein referred to as L factor [Kung, H., Spears, C. & Weissbach, H. (1975) J. Biol....
Induction of transformation and DNA synthesis after microinjection of raf proteins.
Smith, M R, Heidecker, G, Rapp, U R, Kung, H F
Full-length and N-terminal deletion mutants of human c-raf-1 cDNA were cloned into Escherichia coli expression plasmids. Bacterially expressed c-raf proteins were purified by anion-exchange, gel...
Using Xenopus oocytes as a model system, we investigated the possible involvement of ras proteins in the pathway leading to phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Our results indicate that...
Microinjection of transforming ras protein induces c-fos expression.
Stacey, D W, Watson, T, Kung, H F, Curran, T
Microinjection of p21ras induced c-fos protein accumulation in three types of 3T3 cells. The induction was rapid and efficient and persisted for many hours. In addition, anti-ras antibody...
Microinjection of transforming p21 ras protein induces maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the induction is blocked by coinjection of monoclonal antibody (Y13-259) against p21 ras proteins....
Papageorge, A G, Willumsen, B M, Johnsen, M, Kung, H F, Stacey, D W, Vass, W C, ...
Microinjection of monoclonal antibody Y13-259, which reacts with all known mammalian and yeast ras-encoded proteins, has previously been shown to prevent NIH 3T3 cells from entering the S phase (L....
Mutational analysis of a ras catalytic domain.
Willumsen, B M, Papageorge, A G, Kung, H F, Bekesi, E, Robins, T, Johnsen, M, ...
We used linker insertion-deletion mutagenesis to study the catalytic domain of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus v-rasH transforming protein, which is closely related to the cellular rasH protein. The...
Angus, C W, Van Meurs, K P, Tsai, S C, Adamik, R, Miedel, M C, Pan, Y C, ...
Go alpha, a 39-kDa guanyl nucleotide-binding protein, is functionally and structurally similar to the alpha subunits of the stimulatory and inhibitory guanyl nucleotide-binding proteins (Gs alpha, Gi...
Tsai, S C, Adamik, R, Moss, J, Vaughan, M, Manne, V, Kung, H F
The Ha-ras protooncogene product p21, which may be involved in control of cellular growth, is a membrane protein that binds guanine nucleotides and hydrolyzes GTP. p21 GTPase activity is stimulated...
Manne, V, Yamazaki, S, Kung, H F
High-level expression of the p21 protein product of the BALB murine sarcoma virus v-ras gene (similar to the product of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus v-Ha-ras gene) has been reported recently, and...
Manne, V, Bekesi, E, Kung, H F
Several ras genes have been expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli and the resultant ras proteins were shown to be functional with respect to their well-known specific, high-affinity, GDP/GTP...
DNA-directed in vitro synthesis of proteins involved in bacterial transcription and translation.
Zarucki-Schulz, T, Jerez, C, Goldberg, G, Kung, H F, Huang, K H, Brot, N, ...
The in vitro synthesis of elongation factor (EF)-Tu (tufB), the beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins L10 and L12 directed by DNA from the transducing phage lambda rifd 18, EF-Tu...
DNA dependent synthesis of protein L12 from escherichia coli ribosomes, in vitro.
Chu, F, Kung, H F, Caldwell, P, Weissbach, H, Brot, N
The in vitro synthesis of ribosomal protein L12 has been obtained in a coupled system with DNA extracted from the transducing phage lambdarifd18 as template. In addition, a second protein (molecular...
DNA-directed synthesis in vitro of beta-galactosidase: requirement for a ribosome release factor.
Kung, H F, Treadwell, B V, Spears, C, Tai, P C, Weissbach, H
The DNA-directed synthesis of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli extracts has been investigated in a partially fractionated system. A dependency was obtained for 3',5'-cyclic AMP receptor protein...
Willumsen, B M, Papageorge, A G, Hubbert, N, Bekesi, E, Kung, H F, Lowy, D R
The mammalian p21 ras proteins contain a 20-amino acid region that is highly divergent, in contrast to the strong sequence conservation that is common to other regions of these proteins. This major...
Characterization of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C from human platelets.
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from human platelet cytosol was purified 190-fold to a specific activity of 0.68 mumol of phosphatidylinositol (PI) cleaved/min per mg of protein....