Ira Schwartz

Direct Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs by Hybridization to Ribosomal RNA (2000)

Kenneth Danishefsky, Nandini Ramachandra, John Coleman, Ira Schwartz

A method for direct detection of Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner has been developed. Cells are lysed to facilitate release of ribosomal RNA. Lysates are filtered...

Bi-Instability as a Precursor to Global Mixed-Mode Chaos (1999)

Ira Schwartz, Ira B. Schwartz, Thomas W. Carr, Thomas W. Carr

Bi-instability, in contrast to bistability, is shown to generate unstable chaotic saddles prior to the onset of chaos. The theory and numerics are applied to a CO 2 laser model with modulated losses...

Kinetic analysis of an E.coli phenytalanine-tRNA synthetase mutant (1988)

Goodman, Robert, Schwartz, Ira

A mutation in the pheS gene, encoding phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, in E. coli NP37 confers temperature-sensitivity on the organism. A five-fold increase in tRNAp h e levels complements the mutation....

Molecular cloning and sequencing of pheU, a gene for Escherichia coli tRNAPhe (1983)

Schwartz, Ira, Klotsky, Robin-Ann, Elseviers, Dirk, Gallagher, Patricia J., Krauskopf, Manuel, Siddiqui, M.A.Q., ...

A recombinant plasmid (designated pID2) carrying the E. coli gene for tRNAPhe has been isolated from a plasmid bank constructed by the ligation of a total EcoRI digest of E. coli K12 DNA into the...

Genetic Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme Disease Patients as Determined by Culture versus Direct PCR with Clinical Specimens

Liveris, Dionysios, Varde, Shobha, Iyer, Radha, Koenig, Seth, Bittker, Susan, Cooper, Denise, ...

Two hundred seventeen isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi originally cultured from skin biopsy samples or blood of early Lyme disease patients were genetically characterized by PCR-restriction fragment...

Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi Isolated from Erythema Migrans Lesions: Interrelationship of Three Molecular Typing Methods

Iyer, Radha, Liveris, Dionysios, Adams, Atoya, Nowakowski, John, McKenna, Donna, Bittker, Susan, ...

Genetic diversity among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates recovered from the skin of Lyme disease patients was assessed by ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,...

Molecular Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato: Taxonomic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Implications

Wang, Guiqing, Van Dam, Alje P., Schwartz, Ira, Dankert, Jacob

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochete that causes human Lyme borreliosis (LB), is a genetically and phenotypically divergent species. In the past several years, various molecular approaches...

Geographic Risk for Lyme Disease and Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Southern New York State†

Daniels, Thomas J., Boccia, Theresa M., Varde, Shobha, Marcus, Jonathan, Le, Jianhua, Bucher, Doris J., ...

Ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of Lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), is prevalent in much of southern New York state. The distribution of this species has increased, as have...

Genetics and Regulation of Chitobiose Utilization in Borrelia burgdorferi

Tilly, Kit, Elias, Abdallah F., Errett, Jennifer, Fischer, Elizabeth, Iyer, Radha, Schwartz, Ira, ...

Borrelia burgdorferi spends a significant proportion of its life cycle within an ixodid tick, which has a cuticle containing chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The B. burgdorferi...

Conservation and Heterogeneity of vlsE among Human and Tick Isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi

Iyer, Radha, Hardham, John M., Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira, Norris, Steven J.

The vls (variable major protein [VMP]-like sequence) locus of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes an antigenic variation system that closely resembles the VMP system of relapsing fever borreliae. To...

Impact of Genotypic Variation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on Kinetics of Dissemination and Severity of Disease in C3H/HeJ Mice

Wang, Guiqing, Ojaimi, Caroline, Iyer, Radha, Saksenberg, Victoria, McClain, Steve A., Wormser, Gary P., ...

Various genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto have been previously identified among a large collection of isolates cultured from patients with Lyme disease in the United States....

Erythromycin Resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi

Terekhova, Darya, Sartakova, Marina L., Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira, Cabello, Felipe C.

Susceptibility testing of laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi indicates that resistance to erythromycin is present in them. Evaluation of the MICs, minimal bactericidal...

Quantitative Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in 2-Millimeter Skin Samples of Erythema Migrans Lesions: Correlation of Results with Clinical and Laboratory Findings

Liveris, Dionysios, Wang, Guiqing, Girao, Gary, Byrne, Daniel W., Nowakowski, John, McKenna, Donna, ...

Variability of disease manifestations has been noted in patients with Lyme disease. A contributing factor to this variation may be the number of spirochetes present in infected patients. We evaluated...

Profiling of Temperature-Induced Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi Gene Expression by Using Whole Genome Arrays

Ojaimi, Caroline, Brooks, Chad, Casjens, Sherwood, Rosa, Patricia, Elias, Abdallah, Barbour, Alan, ...

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, the most prevalent arthropod-borne disease in the United States. The genome of the type strain, B31, consists of a 910,725-bp linear...

Linear and Circular Plasmid Content in Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates

Iyer, Radha, Kalu, Ogori, Purser, Joye, Norris, Steven, Stevenson, Brian, Schwartz, Ira

The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is composed of a linear chromosome and more than 20 linear and circular plasmids. Typically, plasmid content analysis has been...

Real-Time PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi in Field-Collected Ixodes scapularis Ticks from the Northeastern United States

Wang, Guiqing, Liveris, Dionysios, Brei, Brandon, Wu, Hongyan, Falco, Richard C., Fish, Durland, ...

The density of spirochetes in field-collected or experimentally infected ticks is estimated mainly by assays based on microscopy. In this study, a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocol targeting...

Functional Properties of Borrelia burgdorferi recA

Liveris, Dionysios, Mulay, Vishwaroop, Schwartz, Ira

Functions of the Borrelia burgdorferi RecA protein were investigated in Escherichia coli recA null mutants. Complementation with B. burgdorferi recA increased survival of E. coli recA mutants by 3...

Photo-Affinity Labeling of tRNA Binding Sites in Macromolecules. I. Linking of the Phenacyl-p-azide of 4-Thiouridine in (Escherichia coli) Valyl-tRNA to 16S RNA at the Ribosomal P Site*

Schwartz, Ira, Ofengand, James

The phenacyl-p-azide of 4-thiouridine in (E. coli) tRNA1Val was prepared for use as a photo-affinity probe of tRNA binding sites on ribosomes. The derivatized tRNA was 90-100% as active as control...

Variations in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly Culture Medium Modulate Infectivity and Pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates

Wang, Guiqing, Iyer, Radha, Bittker, Susan, Cooper, Denise, Small, Jennifer, Wormser, Gary P., ...

The effects of variations in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) medium on the infectivity and pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi clinical isolates were assessed by retrospective and prospective studies...

Interaction and Transmission of Two Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Strains in a Tick-Rodent Maintenance System

Derdáková, Markéta, Dudiòák, Vladimír, Brei, Brandon, Brownstein, John S., Schwartz, Ira, Fish, Durland

In the northeastern United States, the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is maintained by enzoonotic transmission, cycling between white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and...

Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis

Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E., Wang, Guiqing, Schwartz, Ira, Wormser, Gary P.

A large amount of knowledge has been acquired since the original descriptions of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and of its causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. The complexity of the organism...

Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates Differing in Capacities for Hematogenous Dissemination

Ojaimi, Caroline, Mulay, Vishwaroop, Liveris, Dionysios, Iyer, Radha, Schwartz, Ira

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is genetically heterogeneous. Previous studies have shown a significant association between the frequency of hematogenous dissemination in...

MyD88 Deficiency Enhances Acquisition and Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Bockenstedt, Linda K., Liu, Nengyin, Schwartz, Ira, Fish, Durland

Borrelia burgdorferi strains exhibit various degrees of infectivity and pathogenicity in mammals, which may be due to their relative ability to evade initial host immunity. Innate immune cells...

Genetic Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme Disease Patients as Determined by Culture versus Direct PCR with Clinical Specimens

Liveris, Dionysios, Varde, Shobha, Iyer, Radha, Koenig, Seth, Bittker, Susan, Cooper, Denise, ...

Two hundred seventeen isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi originally cultured from skin biopsy samples or blood of early Lyme disease patients were genetically characterized by PCR-restriction fragment...

Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi Isolated from Erythema Migrans Lesions: Interrelationship of Three Molecular Typing Methods

Iyer, Radha, Liveris, Dionysios, Adams, Atoya, Nowakowski, John, McKenna, Donna, Bittker, Susan, ...

Genetic diversity among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates recovered from the skin of Lyme disease patients was assessed by ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,...

Molecular Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato: Taxonomic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Implications

Wang, Guiqing, Van Dam, Alje P., Schwartz, Ira, Dankert, Jacob

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochete that causes human Lyme borreliosis (LB), is a genetically and phenotypically divergent species. In the past several years, various molecular approaches...

Geographic Risk for Lyme Disease and Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Southern New York State†

Daniels, Thomas J., Boccia, Theresa M., Varde, Shobha, Marcus, Jonathan, Le, Jianhua, Bucher, Doris J., ...

Ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of Lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), is prevalent in much of southern New York state. The distribution of this species has increased, as have...

Genetics and Regulation of Chitobiose Utilization in Borrelia burgdorferi

Tilly, Kit, Elias, Abdallah F., Errett, Jennifer, Fischer, Elizabeth, Iyer, Radha, Schwartz, Ira, ...

Borrelia burgdorferi spends a significant proportion of its life cycle within an ixodid tick, which has a cuticle containing chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The B. burgdorferi...

Conservation and Heterogeneity of vlsE among Human and Tick Isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi

Iyer, Radha, Hardham, John M., Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira, Norris, Steven J.

The vls (variable major protein [VMP]-like sequence) locus of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes an antigenic variation system that closely resembles the VMP system of relapsing fever borreliae. To...

Impact of Genotypic Variation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on Kinetics of Dissemination and Severity of Disease in C3H/HeJ Mice

Wang, Guiqing, Ojaimi, Caroline, Iyer, Radha, Saksenberg, Victoria, McClain, Steve A., Wormser, Gary P., ...

Various genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto have been previously identified among a large collection of isolates cultured from patients with Lyme disease in the United States....

Erythromycin Resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi

Terekhova, Darya, Sartakova, Marina L., Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira, Cabello, Felipe C.

Susceptibility testing of laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi indicates that resistance to erythromycin is present in them. Evaluation of the MICs, minimal bactericidal...

Quantitative Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in 2-Millimeter Skin Samples of Erythema Migrans Lesions: Correlation of Results with Clinical and Laboratory Findings

Liveris, Dionysios, Wang, Guiqing, Girao, Gary, Byrne, Daniel W., Nowakowski, John, McKenna, Donna, ...

Variability of disease manifestations has been noted in patients with Lyme disease. A contributing factor to this variation may be the number of spirochetes present in infected patients. We evaluated...

Profiling of Temperature-Induced Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi Gene Expression by Using Whole Genome Arrays

Ojaimi, Caroline, Brooks, Chad, Casjens, Sherwood, Rosa, Patricia, Elias, Abdallah, Barbour, Alan, ...

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, the most prevalent arthropod-borne disease in the United States. The genome of the type strain, B31, consists of a 910,725-bp linear...

Linear and Circular Plasmid Content in Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates

Iyer, Radha, Kalu, Ogori, Purser, Joye, Norris, Steven, Stevenson, Brian, Schwartz, Ira

The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is composed of a linear chromosome and more than 20 linear and circular plasmids. Typically, plasmid content analysis has been...

Real-Time PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi in Field-Collected Ixodes scapularis Ticks from the Northeastern United States

Wang, Guiqing, Liveris, Dionysios, Brei, Brandon, Wu, Hongyan, Falco, Richard C., Fish, Durland, ...

The density of spirochetes in field-collected or experimentally infected ticks is estimated mainly by assays based on microscopy. In this study, a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocol targeting...

Functional Properties of Borrelia burgdorferi recA

Liveris, Dionysios, Mulay, Vishwaroop, Schwartz, Ira

Functions of the Borrelia burgdorferi RecA protein were investigated in Escherichia coli recA null mutants. Complementation with B. burgdorferi recA increased survival of E. coli recA mutants by 3...

Photo-Affinity Labeling of tRNA Binding Sites in Macromolecules. I. Linking of the Phenacyl-p-azide of 4-Thiouridine in (Escherichia coli) Valyl-tRNA to 16S RNA at the Ribosomal P Site*

Schwartz, Ira, Ofengand, James

The phenacyl-p-azide of 4-thiouridine in (E. coli) tRNA1Val was prepared for use as a photo-affinity probe of tRNA binding sites on ribosomes. The derivatized tRNA was 90-100% as active as control...

Variations in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly Culture Medium Modulate Infectivity and Pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates

Wang, Guiqing, Iyer, Radha, Bittker, Susan, Cooper, Denise, Small, Jennifer, Wormser, Gary P., ...

The effects of variations in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) medium on the infectivity and pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdorferi clinical isolates were assessed by retrospective and prospective studies...

Interaction and Transmission of Two Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Strains in a Tick-Rodent Maintenance System

Derdáková, Markéta, Dudiòák, Vladimír, Brei, Brandon, Brownstein, John S., Schwartz, Ira, Fish, Durland

In the northeastern United States, the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is maintained by enzoonotic transmission, cycling between white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and...

Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis

Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E., Wang, Guiqing, Schwartz, Ira, Wormser, Gary P.

A large amount of knowledge has been acquired since the original descriptions of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and of its causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. The complexity of the organism...

Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Borrelia burgdorferi Clinical Isolates Differing in Capacities for Hematogenous Dissemination

Ojaimi, Caroline, Mulay, Vishwaroop, Liveris, Dionysios, Iyer, Radha, Schwartz, Ira

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is genetically heterogeneous. Previous studies have shown a significant association between the frequency of hematogenous dissemination in...

MyD88 Deficiency Enhances Acquisition and Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Bockenstedt, Linda K., Liu, Nengyin, Schwartz, Ira, Fish, Durland

Borrelia burgdorferi strains exhibit various degrees of infectivity and pathogenicity in mammals, which may be due to their relative ability to evade initial host immunity. Innate immune cells...

Comparative Genome Hybridization Reveals Substantial Variation among Clinical Isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto with Different Pathogenic Properties

Terekhova, Darya, Iyer, Radha, Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira

Clinical and murine studies suggest that there is a differential pathogenicity of different genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease. Comparative genome hybridization...

Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochetes That Harbor Only a Portion of the lp28-1 Plasmid Elicit Antibody Responses Detectable with the C6 Test for Lyme Disease▿

Embers, Monica E., Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira, Martin, Dale S., Philipp, Mario T.

Detection of antibody to C6, a peptide that reproduces the sequence of the sixth invariable region within the central domain of the VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, is used currently for the...

Borrelia burgdorferi BBA74, a Periplasmic Protein Associated with the Outer Membrane, Lacks Porin-Like Properties▿

Mulay, Vishwaroop, Caimano, Melissa J., Liveris, Dionysios, Desrosiers, Daniel C., Radolf, Justin D., Schwartz, Ira

The outer membrane of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, contains very few integral membrane proteins, in contrast to other gram-negative bacteria. BBA74, a Borrelia...

Fitness Variation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Strains in Mice▿

Hanincová, Klára, Ogden, Nicholas H., Diuk-Wasser, Maria, Pappas, Christopher J., Iyer, Radha, Fish, Durland, ...

Lyme borreliosis in North America is caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, a zoonotic bacterium that is able to persistently infect a wide range of vertebrate species. Given the...

Martin Buber's vista of what it means to be human /

Schwartz, Ira.

A thesis presented to the Department of Religious Studies, Franklin and Marshall College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Departmental Honors, May 1970--T.p.

Borrelia burgdorferi basic membrane proteins A and B participate in the genesis of Lyme arthritis

Pal, Utpal, Wang, Penghua, Bao, Fukai, Yang, Xiuli, Samanta, Swapna, Schoen, Robert, ...

Lyme arthritis results from colonization of joints by Borrelia burgdorferi and the ensuing host response. Using gene array–based differential analysis of B. burgdorferi gene expression and...

Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Is Clonal in Patients with Early Lyme Borreliosis ▿

Hanincová, Klára, Liveris, Dionysios, Sandigursky, Sabina, Wormser, Gary P., Schwartz, Ira

Lyme borreliosis, the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in North America, is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Given the extensive genetic polymorphism of B. burgdorferi,...

MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi

Margos, Gabriele, Gatewood, Anne G., Aanensen, David M., Hanincová, Klára, Terekhova, Darya, Vollmer, Stephanie A., ...

Lyme borreliosis, caused by the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, has become the most common vector-borne disease in North America over the last three decades. To understand the dynamics of...

Borrelia burgdorferi vlsE Antigenic Variation Is Not Mediated by RecA ▿

Liveris, Dionysios, Mulay, Vishwaroop, Sandigursky, Sabina, Schwartz, Ira

RecA is a key protein linking genetic recombination to DNA replication and repair in bacteria. Previous functional characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi RecA indicated that the protein is mainly...

Borrelia burgdorferi bba74 Is Expressed Exclusively during Tick Feeding and Is Regulated by Both Arthropod- and Mammalian Host-Specific Signals▿ †

Mulay, Vishwaroop B., Caimano, Melissa J., Iyer, Radha, Dunham-Ems, Star, Liveris, Dionysios, Petzke, Mary M., ...

Although BBA74 initially was described as a 28-kDa virulence-associated outer-membrane-spanning protein with porin-like function, subsequent studies revealed that it is periplasmic and downregulated...