Two phase III trials of tauromustine (TCNU) in advanced colorectal cancer (1995)
Smyth, J. F., Hardcastle, J. D., Denton, G., Alderson, D., Grace, R. H., Mansi, J. L., ...
Cost-effective screening strategies for colorectal cancer (1992)
Whynes, David K., Walker, Andrew R., Hardcastle, J. D.
This paper models a range of feasible strategies for mass population screening for colorectal cancer. It uses both clinical and economic data derived from the major colorectal cancer screening trial...
R. M. Charnley, J. P. Sheffield, J. D. Hardcastle
A biopsy gun which can be operated by one hand has been evaluated at post-mortem to determine its accuracy in biopsying impalpable lesions within the liver under intraoperative ultrasound control. Of...
Calculation of Sample Size in Trials of Screening for Early Diagnosis of Disease (1987)
MOSS, SUE, DRAPER, G J, HARDCASTLE, J D, CHAMBERLAIN, JOCELYN
The calculation of the sample sizes required for trials of screening for disease with the aim of reducing mortality involves the estimation of both the mortality in the control group at intervals...
WRIGHT, J. W., HEALY, T. E. J., BALFOUR, T. W., HARDCASTLE, J. D.
Sleep doses of halothane (4%), enflurane (2%) and diethyl ether (10%) were administered to fasting rats. Duodenal mechanical and electrical activities were recorded using...
Histopathological assessment of bleeding from polyps of the colon and rectum.
Waldock, A, Ellis, I O, Armitage, N C, Turner, D R, Hardcastle, J D
One hundred and twenty seven colorectal polyps were examined to assess histopathological evidence of recent and old haemorrhage to test the usefulness of faecal occult blood tests in detecting...
Evaluation of the plain abdominal X-ray in the acute abdomen.
Stower, M J, Amar, S S, Mikulin, T, Kean, D M, Hardcastle, J D
The prognostic value of an erect and supine abdominal X-ray was studied prospectively in 97 patients with an acute abdomen. Although 64 (66%) of the radiographs showed an abnormality, the surgical...
Hartmann's procedure: an appraisal.
Whiston, R J, Armitage, N C, Wilcox, D, Hardcastle, J D
Ninety-seven patients underwent Hartmann's procedure between 1981 and 1986 at the University Hospital, Nottingham. Sixty-one (63%) required this operation as an emergency procedure. There was an...
Pye, G, Ballantyne, K C, Armitage, N C, Hardcastle, J D
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been accused of causing false positive results in faecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer. A study was therefore performed in 10,931 people...
An evaluation of flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy.
Vellacott, K D, Hardcastle, J D
Results of 350 flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy examinations showed a diagnostic yield of 30% compared with 6.5% by rigid sigmoidoscopy of the same patients. The mean time for the examinations was...
Endoscopic review of patients who have had gastric surgery.
Farrands, P A, Blake, J R, Ansell, I D, Cotton, R E, Hardcastle, J D
Seventy one patients who had had operations on their stomachs over 15 years previously were examined by endoscopy and multiple mucosal biopsy sampling. Sixty six had histologically proved gastritis...
Logan, R F, Little, J, Hawtin, P G, Hardcastle, J D
OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between the use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the presence of asymptomatic colorectal adenomas. DESIGN--Case-control study of subjects...
Wilkins, J. L., Hardcastle, J. D., Mann, C. V., Kaufman, L.
In unanaesthetized patients atropine and neostigmine in doses normally used by anaesthetists to reverse muscle relaxants produced a pronounced increase in bowel activity. This response occurred...
Histopathological assessment of bleeding from polyps of the colon and rectum.
Waldock, A, Ellis, I O, Armitage, N C, Turner, D R, Hardcastle, J D
One hundred and twenty seven colorectal polyps were examined to assess histopathological evidence of recent and old haemorrhage to test the usefulness of faecal occult blood tests in detecting...
Pye, G, Ballantyne, K C, Armitage, N C, Hardcastle, J D
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been accused of causing false positive results in faecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer. A study was therefore performed in 10,931 people...
Evaluation of the plain abdominal X-ray in the acute abdomen.
Stower, M J, Amar, S S, Mikulin, T, Kean, D M, Hardcastle, J D
The prognostic value of an erect and supine abdominal X-ray was studied prospectively in 97 patients with an acute abdomen. Although 64 (66%) of the radiographs showed an abnormality, the surgical...
Hartmann's procedure: an appraisal.
Whiston, R J, Armitage, N C, Wilcox, D, Hardcastle, J D
Ninety-seven patients underwent Hartmann's procedure between 1981 and 1986 at the University Hospital, Nottingham. Sixty-one (63%) required this operation as an emergency procedure. There was an...
An evaluation of flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy.
Vellacott, K D, Hardcastle, J D
Results of 350 flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy examinations showed a diagnostic yield of 30% compared with 6.5% by rigid sigmoidoscopy of the same patients. The mean time for the examinations was...
Endoscopic review of patients who have had gastric surgery.
Farrands, P A, Blake, J R, Ansell, I D, Cotton, R E, Hardcastle, J D
Seventy one patients who had had operations on their stomachs over 15 years previously were examined by endoscopy and multiple mucosal biopsy sampling. Sixty six had histologically proved gastritis...
Logan, R F, Little, J, Hawtin, P G, Hardcastle, J D
OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between the use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the presence of asymptomatic colorectal adenomas. DESIGN--Case-control study of subjects...
Wilkins, J. L., Hardcastle, J. D., Mann, C. V., Kaufman, L.
In unanaesthetized patients atropine and neostigmine in doses normally used by anaesthetists to reverse muscle relaxants produced a pronounced increase in bowel activity. This response occurred...
Hunt, L M, Rooney, P S, Bostock, K, Robinson, M H, Hardcastle, J D, Armitage, N C
BACKGROUND: People with a family history of colorectal cancer have an increased risk of the disease themselves. Many centres are advocating family history screening by endoscopy. AIMS: The...
Evans, D F, Lamont, G, Stehling, M K, Blamire, A M, Gibbs, P, Coxon, R, ...
Upper gastrointestinal motility and transit has been studied in five human volunteers with the ultra high speed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique MBEST (Modulus Blipped Echo-planar Single...
Screening for gastric carcinoma in coal miners.
Harrison, J D, Morris, D L, Hardcastle, J D
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyspeptic symptoms and premalignant gastric lesions in coal miners and sex matched population control subjects. Retired coal miners and men from the...
Effect of histamine on the growth of human gastrointestinal tumours: reversal by cimetidine.
Watson, S A, Wilkinson, L J, Robertson, J F, Hardcastle, J D
The proliferative effects of histamine were examined on the human gastric tumour cell lines; MKN45, the gastrin producing subline, MKN45G, and the colorectal lines; LoVo and C170. The proliferation...
Role of upper gastrointestinal investigations in a screening study for colorectal neoplasia.
Should patients with positive faecal occult blood screening tests who are free of colorectal neoplasia undergo upper gastrointestinal investigation? Altogether 16,985 faecal occult blood tests were...
Gastrointestinal intraluminal pH in normal subjects and those with colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.
Pye, G, Evans, D F, Ledingham, S, Hardcastle, J D
Recent evidence suggests that the production of colorectal carcinogens is facilitated when the pH of the colonic contents is alkaline. It follows that the colonic intraluminal pH of patients with...
Iftikhar, S Y, Steele, R J, Watson, S, James, P D, Dilks, K, Hardcastle, J D
There is no satisfactory biomarker yet available for predicting the likelihood of premalignant changes or carcinoma developing in Barrett's or columnar lined oesophagus. In this study we have...
Iftikhar, S Y, James, P D, Steele, R J, Hardcastle, J D, Atkinson, M
In a 15 year prospective study of endoscopic surveillance of columnar lined oesophagus, 102 patients with a mean follow up of 54 (12.5) months and total follow up of 462 years have been evaluated. Of...
Alkaline gastro-oesophageal reflux: dual probe pH monitoring.
Iftikhar, S Y, Ledingham, S, Evans, D F, Yusuf, S W, Steele, R J, Atkinson, M, ...
Although the aetiology of Barrett's oesophagus or columnar line oesophagus (CLO), remains unknown, bile reflux has been implicated as a factor in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to detect alkaline...
Physical factors in the stimulation of calonic peristalsis
Hardcastle, J. D., Mann, C. V.
The effect of colonic distension and changes in intraluminal pH and osmolality have been investigated in patients with well established colostomies. Small volumes of acidic buffer (pH4) and...
Branicki, F J, Evans, D F, Ogilvie, A L, Atkinson, M, Hardcastle, J D
Gastro-oesophageal reflux has been assessed in 10 symptomatic patients and 10 asymptomatic normal subjects during a study period of 24 hours at work and in the home using a newly developed pH...
Colorectal screening by a self-completion questionnaire.
Farrands, P A, Hardcastle, J D
The prevalence and significance of colorectal symptoms within a group of 1533 individuals was assessed using a self-completion questionnaire and results compared with faecal occult blood screening....
Measurement of gastrointestinal pH profiles in normal ambulant human subjects.
Evans, D F, Pye, G, Bramley, R, Clark, A G, Dyson, T J, Hardcastle, J D
Gastrointestinal (GI) pH has been measured in 66 normal subjects using a pH sensitive radiotelemetry capsule passing freely through the gastrointestinal tract. Signals were recorded with a portable...
Mayberry, J F, Ballantyne, K C, Hardcastle, J D, Mangham, C, Pye, G
An asymptomatic population of 37,000 people in the Nottingham area were offered faecal occult blood tests in a screening study for colorectal cancer. Seventeen thousand nine hundred and thirty people...
The action of sennosides and related compounds on human colon and rectum 1
Hardcastle, J. D., Wilkins, J. L.
The direct action of intraluminal senna and related compounds on the human colon and rectum has been investigated. Motility was recorded by balloon kymography with recording units inserted into well...
Scholefield, J H, Moss, S, Sufi, F, Mangham, C M, Hardcastle, J D
Background: Three large randomised trials have shown that screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood (FOB) tests can reduce the mortality from this disease. Two national pilot studies...
The effect of glucagon on the canine duodenum and small intestine [proceedings]
Evans, D F, Foster, G E, Hardcastle, J D, Johnson, F, Wright, J, Bennett, T
The action of porcine glucagon on the motility of the canine duodenum and jejunum.
Evans, D. F., Foster, G. E., Hardcastle, J. D., Jonhson, F., Wright, J. W.
1 Intravenous bolus doses of porcine glucagon of 0.001-0.05 mg kg-1 caused intense stimulation of the duodenum and jejunum of the dog. 2 Intravenous infusion of porcine glucagon at 0.025-0.05 mg kg-1...
Pye, G, Christie, M, Chamberlain, J O, Moss, S M, Hardcastle, J D
Screening for colorectal cancer by testing for faecal occult blood (FOBT) is effective for early diagnosis, but the success of a screening programme also depends on compliance. The aims of this study...
Effect of subject age on costs of screening for colorectal cancer.
Whynes, D K, Walker, A R, Hardcastle, J D
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to estimate costs and yields of faecal occult blood screening and rescreening for colorectal cancer, for differing age cohorts. DESIGN--Cost and clinical data were used...
The cost of screening for colorectal cancer.
Walker, A, Whynes, D K, Chamberlain, J O, Hardcastle, J D
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to make projections of the likely costs and yield resulting from the implementation of a faecal occult blood screening programme for colorectal cancer. DESIGN--Cost and...
Charnley, R. M., Sheffield, J. P., Hardcastle, J. D.
A biopsy gun which can be operated by one hand has been evaluated at post-mortem to determine its accuracy in biopsying impalpable lesions within the liver under intraoperative ultrasound control. Of...
Surgical emergencies and manpower.
Stower, M. J., Hardcastle, J. D., Bourke, J. B.
The emergency surgical admissions to one firm during the year 1979 have been reviewed. Emergency cases constituted half the workload of this and other units in the hospital. Male and female...
Haemorrhage from idiopathic annular ulcers of the small intestine.
Ballantyne, K. C., Morris, D. L., Hawkey, C. J., Hardcastle, J. D.
Annular small bowel ulceration is rare. We report three patients who presented with signs of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. In two patients the main presenting symptom was intermittent...
Changes in anal sphincter tone at induction of anaesthesia.
Harrison, M. J., Tomlinson, P. A., Ubhi, C. S., Wright, J., Hardcastle, J. D.
Changes in anal pressure have been monitored during the induction of anaesthesia. Falls in pressure accompany loss of consciousness following bolus doses of commonly used intravenous and inhalational...
An objective long-term evaluation of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.
Evans, D. F., Robertson, C. S., Morris, D. L., Ledingham, S. J., Doran, J., Hardcastle, J. D.
This paper reports the long-term results of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis (ACP) in Nottingham from October 1981 to December 1989 in 42 patients with gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD)....
Bile reflux in columnar-lined Barrett's oesophagus.
Iftikhar, S. Y., Ledingham, S., Steele, R. J., Evans, D. F., Lendrum, K., Atkinson, M., ...
Total and individual bile acid concentrations in the oesophageal aspirates from 30 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were compared with those from 15 patients with oesophagitis and 15 normal...
Winawer, S. J., St John, J., Bond, J., Hardcastle, J. D., Kronborg, O., Flehinger, B., ...
Recent developments in screening, diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer could lead to a reduction in mortality from this disease. Removal of adenomas, identification of risk factors, appropriate...
Little, J., Logan, R. F., Hawtin, P. G., Hardcastle, J. D., Turner, I. D.
Most case-control studies of colorectal cancer have shown a positive association with energy intake. In contrast studies which have considered physical activity have found the most active to have a...
Little, J., Logan, R. F., Hawtin, P. G., Hardcastle, J. D., Turner, I. D.
Diets high in animal fat and protein and low in fibre and calcium are thought to be factors in the etiology of colorectal cancer. Intakes of these nutrients were determined in three groups...
Rooney, P. S., Clarke, P. A., Gifford, K. A., Hardcastle, J. D., Armitage, N. C.
Rectal mucosal proliferation was measured in 116 individuals using the metaphase arrest technique crypt cell production rate (CCPR). CCPR was found to be significantly elevated in individuals with...
Screening and the costs of treating colorectal cancer.
Whynes, D. K., Walker, A. R., Chamberlain, J. O., Hardcastle, J. D.
The objective of this paper is to compare the hospital costs of treating patients with colorectal cancers detected as a result of a faecal occult blood screening programme with those of patients...
The influence of tumour cell DNA content on survival in colorectal cancer: a detailed analysis.
Armitage, N. C., Ballantyne, K. C., Evans, D. F., Clarke, P., Sheffield, J., Hardcastle, J. D.
We have investigated the influence of tumour cell DNA content (ploidy) on survival of 416 patients undergoing excisional surgery for colorectal cancer. Two hundred and eleven (51%) tumours had an...
Failure of CA19-9 to detect asymptomatic colorectal carcinoma.
Thomas, W. M., Robertson, J. F., Price, M. R., Hardcastle, J. D.
Serum CA19-9 levels have been measured in 34 patients with asymptomatic colorectal cancer, 39 age and sex matched subjects with healthy colons (as assessed at full colonoscopy) and 55 patients known...
Armitage, N., Hardcastle, J. D., Amar, S. S., Balfour, T. W., Haynes, J., James, P. D.
Two faecal occult blood tests, a simple chemical test Haemoccult and an immunological test, Fecatwin Sensitive/Feca EIA, were offered to 3,225 asymptomatic individuals as screening for colorectal...
Thomas, W. M., Hardcastle, J. D., Jackson, J., Pye, G.
An established chemical faecal occult blood test (Haemoccult prepared without rehydration) has been compared with a new immunological test (Hemeselect) in patients referred for investigation of lower...
Watson, S. A., Crosbee, D. M., Morris, D. L., Robertson, J. F., Makovec, F., Rovati, L. C., ...
The gastrin receptor antagonist, CR2093, competed with 125I-gastrin-17 (5 x 10(-10) M) for binding to gastrin receptors on the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma, AR42J (CR2093 concentration inducing 50%...
Antigenicity of newly established colorectal carcinoma cell lines.
Durrant, L. G., Robins, R. A., Pimm, M. V., Perkins, A. C., Armitage, N. C., Hardcastle, J. D., ...
Cells from two adenocarcinomas, an adenoma and a metastatic node were isolated in soft agar. Expression of antigens, CEA, Y haptenic blood group and 791T-p72, defined by a range of candidate...
Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of gastric cancer.
Ballantyne, K. C., James, P. D., Robins, R. A., Baldwin, R. W., Hardcastle, J. D.
Durrant, L. G., Ballantyne, K. C., Armitage, N. C., Robins, R. A., Marksman, R., Hardcastle, J. D., ...
A flow cytometric technique has been established for accurately quantitating the cell surface density of MHC antigens and the percentage of cells expressing MHC antigens in 38 colorectal tumours....
Durrant, L. G., Garnett, M. C., Gallego, J., Armitage, N. C., Ballantyne, K. C., Marksman, R. A., ...
A major problem in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancers is their resistance to most cytotoxic drugs which may be due to insufficient cellular transport. Drugs conjugated to monoclonal antibodies...
Hunt, L. M., Robinson, M. H., Hugkulstone, C. E., Clarke, B., Vernon, S. A., Gregson, R. H., ...
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) and multiple mandibular osteomata are markers of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We have assessed their prevalence in...
The effect of calcium supplements on rectal mucosal proliferation.
Armitage, N. C., Rooney, P. S., Gifford, K. A., Clarke, P. A., Hardcastle, J. D.
Seventy-nine patients with colorectal adenomata were randomised to receive calcium carbonate (3,000 mg) or placebo in a double-blind randomised trial to assess the short- and long-term effects on...
Enhanced recognition of human colorectal tumour cells using combinations of monoclonal antibodies.
Durrant, L. G., Robins, R. A., Ballantyne, K. C., Marksman, R. A., Hardcastle, J. D., Baldwin, R. W.
Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against tumour associated antigens are potentially useful in tumour diagnosis and therapy. However, all the antigens they recognise may be heterogeneously...
Maxwell-Armstrong, C A, Durrant, L G, Buckley, T J D, Scholefield, J H, Robins, R A, Fielding, K, ...
The cancer vaccine 105AD7 is an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody that mimics the tumour-associated antigen 791T/gp72 (CD55, Decay Accelerating Factor) on colorectal cancer cells. Phase I studies in...