J. Holmgren

Publication List Details

Period

1979 - 2009

Number

174

Co-Authors

Fracture strength of two oxide ceramic crown systems after cyclic pre-loading and thermocycling. (2006)

Vult Von Steyern, Per, Haag, P, Nilner, Krister, Ebbesson, S, Holmgren, J

The aim of the present study was to investigate the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns and to compare the results with crowns made of a material with known clinical performance (alumina) in away...

Impaired immune response to natural infection as a correlate of vaccine failure in a field trial of killed oral cholera vaccines (1995)

Clemens, J., Rao, M., Sack, D., Ahmed, F., Khan, M.R., Chakraborty, J., ...

In a field trial carried out in 1985 in Matlab, Bangladesh, the authors evaluated whether subjects who developed Vibrio cholerae 01 infections during the first year after earlier receipt of B...

Impaired Immune Response to Natural Infection as a Correlate of Vaccine Failure in a Field Trial of Killed Oral Cholera Vaccines (1995)

Clemens, J., Rao, M., Sack, D., Ahmed, F., Khan, M. R., Chakraborty, J., ...

In a field trial carried out in 1985 in Matlab, Bangladesh, the authors evaluated whether subjects who developed Vibrio cholerae 01 infections during the first year after earlier receipt of B...

Saliva, breast milk, and serum antibody responses as indirect measures of intestinal immunity after oral cholera vaccination or natural disease (1986)

Jertborn, M., Holmgren, J.

The possibility that antibody responses in serum, saliva, or breast milk samples to oral vaccines or enteric infections may reflect the intestinal immune response was evaluated in Bangladeshi...

Controlled trial of chlorpromazine as antisecretory agent in patients with cholera hydrated intravenously (1982)

Rabbani, G.H., Greenough III, W.B., Holmgren, J., Kirkwood, B.

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the ability of chlorpromazine to reduce intestinal secretion in cholera. Chlorpromazine had reduced loss of intestinal fluid in animals with...

Intestinal antibody responses after immunisation with cholera B subunit (1982)

Svennerholm, A.M., Sack, D.A., Holmgren, J., Bardhan, P.K.

In about 80% of Bangladeshi volunteers a single oral or intramuscular immunisation with a new cholera toxoid immunogen (B subunit) gave rise to a local intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA)...

Chlorpromazine reduces fluid-loss in cholera (1979)

Rabbani, G.H., Greenough, William B. III, Holmgren, J., Lönnroth, I.

Because chlorpromazine inhibited cholera-toxin-stimulated intestinal adenylate cyclase and fluid secretion in laboratory animals its ability to reduce fluid-loss in human cholera was investigated....

Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by feeding myelin basic protein conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit.

Sun, J B, Rask, C, Olsson, T, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

Oral administration of autoantigens can prevent and partially suppress autoimmune diseases in a number of experimental models, Depending on the dose of antigen fed, this approach appears to involve...

Cholera toxin B subunit: an efficient transmucosal carrier-delivery system for induction of peripheral immunological tolerance.

Sun, J B, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

Oral administration of antigens, including allergens and autoantigens, may be an efficient way to prevent diseases associated with untoward immune responses to self- and non-self-antigens. However,...

Infection of vaginal and colonic epithelial cells by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is neutralized by antibodies raised against conserved epitopes in the envelope glycoprotein gp120.

Furuta, Y, Eriksson, K, Svennerholm, B, Fredman, P, Horal, P, Jeansson, S, ...

The rectal and genital tract mucosae are considered to be major sites of entry for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during sexual contact. We now demonstrate that vaginal epithelial cells can...

Immunizations of monkeys with synthetic peptides disclose conserved areas on gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 associated with cross-neutralizing antibodies and T-cell recognition.

Vahlne, A, Horal, P, Eriksson, K, Jeansson, S, Rymo, L, Hedström, K G, ...

Site-directed immunization was employed to identify sites on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 for antibody-mediated neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antisera were raised...

Effects of Oral Vaccination and Immunomodulation by Cholera Toxin on Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection, Reinfection, and Gastritis

Raghavan, S., Holmgren, J.

Therapeutic vaccination is an attractive strategy to control infection and disease caused by Helicobacter pylori. In mice infected with H. pylori we have studied the protective effect of oral...

Protection against Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection after Immunization with Inactivated H. pylori Whole-Cell Vaccines

Raghavan, S., Hjulström, M., Holmgren, J.

The protective effect of therapeutic oral immunization with homologous and heterologous formalin-inactivated Helicobacter pylori cells given together with cholera toxin as an adjuvant was evaluated...

Induction of compartmentalized B-cell responses in human tonsils.

Quiding-Järbrink, M, Granström, G, Nordström, I, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

The capacity of tonsillar and nasal mucosal lymphoid tissues to serve as induction sites of local and/or distant B-cell responses in humans has been examined. The frequencies of vaccine-specific...

Local and systemic antibody responses to dextran-cholera toxin B subunit conjugates.

Bergquist, C, Lagergård, T, Lindblad, M, Holmgren, J

This study was designed to test local and systemic immunity following mucosal immunization with a polysaccharide-protein conjugate. After preparing and characterizing dextran-cholera toxin B subunit...

Synthesis of hybrid molecules between heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin B subunits: potential for use in a broad-spectrum vaccine.

Lebens, M, Shahabi, V, Bäckström, M, Houze, T, Lindblad, N, Holmgren, J

Three variants of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were generated by site-specific mutagenesis in which regions of the mature protein were altered to the composition found at the corresponding...

Relative significance of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and toxin-coregulated pili in colonization of infant mice by Vibrio cholerae El Tor.

Attridge, S R, Manning, P A, Holmgren, J, Jonson, G

A previously described in-frame deletion in mshA--the gene encoding the structural subunit of the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus--has been introduced into the chromosome of three El Tor O1...

Immune mechanisms and protective antigens of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 as a basis for vaccine development.

Jonson, G, Osek, J, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

We have characterized 11 isolates of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal with regard to properties deemed to be relevant for development of a vaccine against O139 cholera. For most strains two colony...

Anticarrier immunity suppresses the antibody response to polysaccharide antigens after intranasal immunization with the polysaccharide-protein conjugate.

Bergquist, C, Lagergård, T, Holmgren, J

We have conjugated cholera toxin (CT) B subunit (CTB) to dextran and studied the effect in mice of previous immunization with CT and CTB on the response to dextran after intranasal immunizations with...

Intranasal vaccination of humans with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit induces systemic and local antibody responses in the upper respiratory tract and the vagina.

Bergquist, C, Johansson, E L, Lagergård, T, Holmgren, J, Rudin, A

Forty-five volunteers were vaccinated twice intranasally with 10, 100, or 1,000 microg of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). Blood and nasal and vaginal secretions were collected before and 1 week after...

Transient entry of enterotoxin subunits into the periplasm occurs during their secretion from Vibrio cholerae.

Hirst, T R, Holmgren, J

Cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are structurally similar oligomeric proteins which are capable of being efficiently secreted from Vibrio cholerae. Here we report that these proteins...

Synthesis of a precursor to the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin in Escherichia coli.

Palva, E T, Hirst, T R, Hardy, S J, Holmgren, J, Randall, L

Escherichia coli K-12 minicells were employed to investigate the biosynthesis of plasmid-encoded, heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli. Two polypeptide species related to the B subunit of the toxin...

Analysis of expression of toxin-coregulated pili in classical and El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 in vitro and in vivo.

Jonson, G, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M

The expression of toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) and their structural subunit TcpA was compared in 20 strains of Vibrio cholerae of the classical and El Tor biotypes. Bacteria were isolated from the...

Protection against Vibrio cholerae El Tor infection by specific antibodies against mannose-binding hemagglutinin pili.

Osek, J, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Both specific polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies against mannose-binding hemagglutinin fimbriae of Vibrio cholerae (mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin [MSHA]) were shown to protect against...

Antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood and salivary glands after oral cholera vaccination of humans.

Czerkinsky, C, Svennerholm, A M, Quiding, M, Jonsson, R, Holmgren, J

We examined whether immunization with a newly developed oral cholera vaccine would elicit gut-derived antibody-producing cells in the blood and in distant mucosal tissues, such as the minor salivary...

Roles of different coli surface antigens of colonization factor antigen II in colonization by and protective immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in rabbits.

Svennerholm, A M, Wennerås, C, Holmgren, J, McConnell, M M, Rowe, B

The roles of the subcomponents of colonization factor antigen II, the coli surface antigens CS1, CS2, and CS3, as colonization factors and protective antigens was studied in a nonligated rabbit...

Interferon production by Shigella flexneri-infected fibroblasts depends upon intracellular bacterial metabolism.

Hess, C B, Niesel, D W, Holmgren, J, Jonson, G, Klimpel, G R

The role of bacterial invasion and subsequent intracellular metabolism or replication, or both, in the induction of interferon (IFN) production in primary cultures of murine embryo fibroblasts (MEFs)...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in an endemic area prepares the intestine for an anamnestic immunoglobulin A antitoxin response to oral cholera B subunit vaccination.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Gothefors, L, Jertborn, M, Stoll, B

We examined whether infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) producing the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) can prime the gut immune system to respond more efficiently to the...

Role of PCF8775 antigen and its coli surface subcomponents for colonization, disease, and protective immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in rabbits.

Svennerholm, A M, Vidal, Y L, Holmgren, J, McConnell, M M, Rowe, B

The role of the PCF8775 antigen and its antigenic subcomponents, in particular, the coli surface (CS) antigen CS6, as colonization factors and protective antigens was studied in the reversible...

Fusion of genes encoding Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin and outer membrane protein OmpC.

Saarilahti, H T, Palva, E T, Holmgren, J, Sanchez, J

The OmpC outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli was used as a carrier molecule for the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin STa. Two fragments of different lengths of the gene encoding STa were...

Protective efficacy in humans of killed whole-vibrio oral cholera vaccine with and without the B subunit of cholera toxin.

Black, R E, Levine, M M, Clements, M L, Young, C R, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Natural protection from cholera is associated with local intestinal antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies, which appear to act synergistically. Although current parenteral cholera vaccines offer...

Changes in intestinal fluid and mucosal immune responses to cholera toxin in Giardia muris infection and binding of cholera toxin to Giardia muris trophozoites.

Ljungström, I, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Ferrante, A

The effect of Giardia muris infection on the diarrheal response and gut mucosal antibody response to cholera toxin was examined in mice. The results obtained showed that the fluid accumulation in...

Weak serum and intestinal antibody responses to Vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin in cholera patients.

Svennerholm, A M, Levine, M M, Holmgren, J

A soluble hemagglutinin/protease from Vibrio cholerae has been suggested to be a putative virulence factor and protective antigen. However, clinical cholera infection gave rise to detectable serum...

Purification of Vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen and antibody quantitations.

Svennerholm, A M, Strömberg, G J, Holmgren, J

Soluble hemagglutinin (HA) from an El Tor Vibrio cholerae strain (serotype Ogawa) was purified by means of a sequence of salt precipitation, gel filtration, and agarose electrophoresis. The purified...

Monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin with special reference to cross-reactions with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.

Lindholm, L, Holmgren, J, Wikström, M, Karlsson, U, Andersson, K, Lycke, N

Seventy monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin were prepared and characterized. All were of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes (39 IgG1, 29 IgG2, and 2 IgG3). A total of 61 clones produced antibody...

Recombinant fusion protein for simple detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin by GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Sanchez, J, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M

A recombinant gene fusion protein composed of an Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) peptide epitope fused to the amino end of the cholera toxin B subunit was used to detect STa produced...

Saliva, breast milk, and serum antibody responses as indirect measures of intestinal immunity after oral cholera vaccination or natural disease.

Jertborn, M, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

The possibility that antibody responses in serum, saliva, or breast milk samples to oral vaccines or enteric infections may reflect the intestinal immune response was evaluated in Bangladeshi...

Monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (STa) and their use in a diagnostic ST ganglioside GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Svennerholm, A M, Wikström, M, Lindblad, M, Holmgren, J

Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from a human Escherichia coli isolate were prepared and evaluated for their usefulness in an ST immunodetection assay, the ST...

Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Thailand: homology with cloned cholera toxin genes.

Hanchalay, S, Seriwatana, J, Echeverria, P, Holmgren, J, Tirapat, C, Moseley, S L, ...

We examined 281 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae isolates from Thailand for homology with genes coding for cholera toxin. Five isolates from environmental sources were homologous with the cholera toxin gene...

Evaluation of a ganglioside immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.

Bäck, E, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J, Möllby, R

The GM1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA), an immunological method for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), was quantitatively and qualitatively...

Impaired mucosal antibody response to cholera toxin in vitamin A-deficient rats immunized with oral cholera vaccine.

Wiedermann, U, Hanson, L A, Holmgren, J, Kahu, H, Dahlgren, U I

To investigate the importance of vitamin A in the ability to respond to oral antigen administration, rats were fed a vitamin A-free diet. The animals were immunized perorally three times with a...

Coordinated assembly of multisubunit proteins: oligomerization of bacterial enterotoxins in vivo and in vitro.

Hardy, S J, Holmgren, J, Johansson, S, Sanchez, J, Hirst, T R

In this paper we study the assembly, in vivo and in vitro, of a family of hexameric, heat-labile enterotoxins produced by diarrheagenic bacteria. The toxins, which consist of an A subunit and five B...

Recombinant system for overexpression of cholera toxin B subunit in Vibrio cholerae as a basis for vaccine development.

Sanchez, J, Holmgren, J

We have constructed an overexpression system in which the gene encoding the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) was placed under the control of the strong tacP promoter in a wide host range plasmid....

Intestinal immune responses in humans. Oral cholera vaccination induces strong intestinal antibody responses and interferon-gamma production and evokes local immunological memory.

Quiding, M, Nordström, I, Kilander, A, Andersson, G, Hanson, L A, Holmgren, J, ...

We have examined secretory antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to oral cholera vaccine in the human gastrointestinal mucosa. Freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal...

Conformation of protein secreted across bacterial outer membranes: a study of enterotoxin translocation from Vibrio cholerae.

Hirst, T R, Holmgren, J

The secretion of enterotoxin by Vibrio cholerae is punctuated by the transient entry of the toxin subunits into the periplasm. In this paper, we show that the subunits oligomerize into an assembled...

Role of antibodies against biotype-specific Vibrio cholerae pili in protection against experimental classical and El Tor cholera.

Osek, J, Jonson, G, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Vibrio cholerae O1, which exists as two biotypes, classical and El Tor, expresses fimbrial antigens called toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pili, respectively....

The maltose regulon of Vibrio cholerae affects production and secretion of virulence factors.

Lång, H, Jonson, G, Holmgren, J, Palva, E T

The effects of maltose on production and secretion of virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae in strain X28214, classical biotype, and in maltose-defective transposon mutants constructed from this...

Orally Administered CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Induces Production of CXC and CC Chemokines in the Gastric Mucosa and Suppresses Bacterial Colonization in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Raghavan, S., Nyström, J., Fredriksson, M., Holmgren, J., Harandi, A. M.

Bacterial DNA and unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) are known to be potent stimulators of the innate immune system in vitro and in vivo. We therefore investigated if oral...

Oral administration of a streptococcal antigen coupled to cholera toxin B subunit evokes strong antibody responses in salivary glands and extramucosal tissues.

Czerkinsky, C, Russell, M W, Lycke, N, Lindblad, M, Holmgren, J

Generation of local and systemic immune responses by the oral administration of antigens is frequently inefficient, requiring large quantities of immunogens and yielding only modest antibody...

Adoptive transfer of gut mucosal antitoxin memory by isolated B cells 1 year after oral immunization with cholera toxin.

Lycke, N, Holmgren, J

A protocol was elaborated for the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from mice which were orally immunized with cholera toxin (CT) to enable the study of long-term gut mucosal immunological memory at...

Vibrio cholerae expresses cell surface antigens during intestinal infection which are not expressed during in vitro culture.

Jonson, G, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Vibrio cholerae O1 bacteria harvested directly from ligated or nonligated intestines of rabbits with experimental cholera expressed at least 7 to 8 novel, in vivo-specific cell envelope (env)...

Rabbit intestinal glycoprotein receptor for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin lacking affinity for cholera toxin.

Holmgren, J, Fredman, P, Lindblad, M, Svennerholm, A M, Svennerholm, L

The receptors for cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) in rabbit small intestinal epithelium were characterized and compared. (i) In vivo studies in ligated intestinal loops...

Receptor-like glycocompounds in human milk that inhibit classical and El Tor Vibrio cholerae cell adherence (hemagglutination).

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Lindblad, M

The two biotypes of Vibrio cholerae were found to have cell-associated hemagglutinins which differ with regard to binding to different species of erythrocytes and inhibition by monosaccharides. A...

Sendai virus receptor: proposed recognition structure based on binding to plastic-adsorbed gangliosides.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, L, Elwing, H, Fredman, P, Strannegård, O

The binding of Sendai virus to polystyrene petri dishes to which various gangliosides of defined structures had been adsorbed was determined. The ganglioside-bound virus was visualized either by a...

Nonimmunoglobulin fraction of human milk inhibits bacterial adhesion (hemagglutination) and enterotoxin binding of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Ahrén, C

Human milk and colostrum samples were divided into an immunoglobulin and a nonimmunoglobulin fraction by immunosorbent chromatography. The ability of these fractions to inhibit bacterial cell...

Mechanism of toxin secretion by Vibrio cholerae investigated in strains harboring plasmids that encode heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli.

Hirst, T R, Sanchez, J, Kaper, J B, Hardy, S J, Holmgren, J

A genetically engineered Vibrio cholerae strain from which the cholera toxin genes had previously been deleted was used as a host in which to study the expression and secretion of related toxins and...

Antitoxic immunity in experimental cholera: protection, and serum and local antibody responses in rabbits after enteral and parenteral immunization.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Ouchterlony, O, Anderson, A, Walletström, G, Westerberg-Berndtsson, U

The protective effect of enternal and parenteral immunization with cholera toxin antigen against experimental cholera in rabbits was studied by using the small-bowel loop technique. Subcutaneous...

Immunochemical Studies of Two Cholera Toxin-Containing Standard Culture Filtrate Preparations of Vibrio cholerae

Holmgren, J., Lönnroth, I., Ouchterlony, Ö.

Two crude toxin preparations of Vibrio cholerae, labeled lot 4493 G (Inaba) and lot 001 (Ogawa), consisting of freeze-dried culture filtrate, were studied with regard to toxicity,...

Synergistic protective effect in rabbits of immunization with Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide and toxin/toxoid.

Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Subcutaneous immunization of rabbits with a combination of Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enterotoxin induced a more than 100-fold-higher degree of protection against intestinal...

Immunoglobulin and specific-antibody synthesis in vitro by enteral and nonenteral lymphoid tissues after subcutaneous cholera immunization.

Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

An in vitro culture technique with synthesis of 14C-labeled protein has been used to study immunoglobulin and specific-antibody formation by spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and small...

Correlation between intestinal synthesis of specific immunoglobulin A and protection against experimental cholera in mice.

Svennerholm, A, Lange, S, Holmgren, J

The importance of locally and systemically formed antibodies of various classes for protection against experimental cholera has been studied in mice immunized with cholera toxin. Groups of mice were...

Experimental Studies on Cholera Immunization II. Evidence for Protective Antitoxic Immunity Mediated by Serum Antibodies as Well as Local Antibodies

Holmgren, J., Andersson, Å., Wallerstrom, G., Ouchterlony, Ö.

By use of the ileal loop technique, the resistance to challenge with cholera enterotoxin was compared between unimmunized rabbits and rabbits immunized with toxin or toxoids. It was shown that...

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Cholera Serology

Holmgren, J.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle of Engvall and Perlmann, which employs antigen-coated tubes and enzyme-labeled anti-immunoglobulins, was elaborated for use in cholera...

Tissue Receptor for Cholera Exotoxin: Postulated Structure from Studies with GM1 Ganglioside and Related Glycolipids

Holmgren, J., Lönnroth, I., Svennerholm, L.

By a double-diffusion precipitation-in-gel technique, isolated cholera toxin as well as its natural toxoid were shown to be fixed and precipitated by the ganglioside GM1 but not by any of the related...

Local Antibody Production in Experimental Pyelonephritis: Amount, Avidity, and Immunoglobulin Class

Smith, J., Holmgren, J., Ahlstedt, S., Hanson, L. A.

Local antibody formation in infected rabbit kidneys was studied with three techniques: the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and by binding of newly...

Ultrastructural localization of cell membrane GM1 ganglioside by cholera toxin

Holmgren, J., Svennerholm, L.

An immunoelectron microscopic method is described for sensitive high-resolution visualization of tissuebound cholera toxin. The principle is to incubate cells or tissue sections with toxin and then...

Interaction of cholera toxin and membrane GM1 ganglioside of small intestine.

Holmgren, J, Lönnroth, I, Månsson, J, Svennerholm, L

Ganglioside GM1 was isolated from the small intestinal mucosa of man, pig, and beef and amounted to 0.1, 2.0, and 43 nmol per g fresh weight, respectively. These differences in GM1 content were...

Differential expression of tissue-specific adhesion molecules on human circulating antibody-forming cells after systemic, enteric, and nasal immunizations. A molecular basis for the compartmentalization of effector B cell responses.

Quiding-Järbrink, M, Nordström, I, Granström, G, Kilander, A, Jertborn, M, Butcher, E C, ...

Expression of the adhesion molecules CD44, L-selectin (CD62L), and integrin alpha 4 beta 7 by antibody-secreting cells (ASC) was examined in human volunteers after oral, rectal, intranasal, or...

Intestinal immune response to cholera toxin: dependence on route and dosage of antigen for priming and boosting.

Svennerholm, A M, Lange, S, Holmgren, J

The influence in immunization with cholera toxin of the route and antigen dose on intestinal antibody formation and protective immunity against experimental cholera was studied in mice....

Different secretory immunoglobulin A antibody responses to cholera vaccination in Swedish and Pakistani women.

Svennerholm, A M, Hanson, L A, Holmgren, J, Lindblad, B S, Nilsson, B, Quereshi, F

The capacity of subcutaneous cholera vaccination to induce an antibody response in milk and saliva was studied in lactating Swedish and Pakistani women, since secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)...

Detection by monoclonal antibody of carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum of patients with carcinoma.

Holmgren, J, Lindholm, L, Persson, B, Lagergård, T, Nilsson, O, Svennerholm, L, ...

A solid phase radioimmunoassay was devised for measuring the value of the carcinoma associated carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum based on the use of a specific monoclonal antibody (C 50). Samples...

Controlled trial of chlorpromazine as antisecretory agent in patients with cholera hydrated intravenously.

Rabbani, G H, Greenough, W B, Holmgren, J, Kirkwood, B

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the ability of chlorpromazine to reduce intestinal secretion in cholera. Chlorpromazine had reduced loss of intestinal fluid in animals with...

Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by feeding myelin basic protein conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit.

Sun, J B, Rask, C, Olsson, T, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

Oral administration of autoantigens can prevent and partially suppress autoimmune diseases in a number of experimental models, Depending on the dose of antigen fed, this approach appears to involve...

Cholera toxin B subunit: an efficient transmucosal carrier-delivery system for induction of peripheral immunological tolerance.

Sun, J B, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

Oral administration of antigens, including allergens and autoantigens, may be an efficient way to prevent diseases associated with untoward immune responses to self- and non-self-antigens. However,...

Infection of vaginal and colonic epithelial cells by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is neutralized by antibodies raised against conserved epitopes in the envelope glycoprotein gp120.

Furuta, Y, Eriksson, K, Svennerholm, B, Fredman, P, Horal, P, Jeansson, S, ...

The rectal and genital tract mucosae are considered to be major sites of entry for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during sexual contact. We now demonstrate that vaginal epithelial cells can...

Immunizations of monkeys with synthetic peptides disclose conserved areas on gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 associated with cross-neutralizing antibodies and T-cell recognition.

Vahlne, A, Horal, P, Eriksson, K, Jeansson, S, Rymo, L, Hedström, K G, ...

Site-directed immunization was employed to identify sites on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 for antibody-mediated neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antisera were raised...

Effects of Oral Vaccination and Immunomodulation by Cholera Toxin on Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection, Reinfection, and Gastritis

Raghavan, S., Holmgren, J.

Therapeutic vaccination is an attractive strategy to control infection and disease caused by Helicobacter pylori. In mice infected with H. pylori we have studied the protective effect of oral...

Protection against Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection after Immunization with Inactivated H. pylori Whole-Cell Vaccines

Raghavan, S., Hjulström, M., Holmgren, J.

The protective effect of therapeutic oral immunization with homologous and heterologous formalin-inactivated Helicobacter pylori cells given together with cholera toxin as an adjuvant was evaluated...

Induction of compartmentalized B-cell responses in human tonsils.

Quiding-Järbrink, M, Granström, G, Nordström, I, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

The capacity of tonsillar and nasal mucosal lymphoid tissues to serve as induction sites of local and/or distant B-cell responses in humans has been examined. The frequencies of vaccine-specific...

Local and systemic antibody responses to dextran-cholera toxin B subunit conjugates.

Bergquist, C, Lagergård, T, Lindblad, M, Holmgren, J

This study was designed to test local and systemic immunity following mucosal immunization with a polysaccharide-protein conjugate. After preparing and characterizing dextran-cholera toxin B subunit...

Synthesis of hybrid molecules between heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin B subunits: potential for use in a broad-spectrum vaccine.

Lebens, M, Shahabi, V, Bäckström, M, Houze, T, Lindblad, N, Holmgren, J

Three variants of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were generated by site-specific mutagenesis in which regions of the mature protein were altered to the composition found at the corresponding...

Relative significance of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and toxin-coregulated pili in colonization of infant mice by Vibrio cholerae El Tor.

Attridge, S R, Manning, P A, Holmgren, J, Jonson, G

A previously described in-frame deletion in mshA--the gene encoding the structural subunit of the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus--has been introduced into the chromosome of three El Tor O1...

Immune mechanisms and protective antigens of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 as a basis for vaccine development.

Jonson, G, Osek, J, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

We have characterized 11 isolates of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal with regard to properties deemed to be relevant for development of a vaccine against O139 cholera. For most strains two colony...

Anticarrier immunity suppresses the antibody response to polysaccharide antigens after intranasal immunization with the polysaccharide-protein conjugate.

Bergquist, C, Lagergård, T, Holmgren, J

We have conjugated cholera toxin (CT) B subunit (CTB) to dextran and studied the effect in mice of previous immunization with CT and CTB on the response to dextran after intranasal immunizations with...

Intranasal vaccination of humans with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit induces systemic and local antibody responses in the upper respiratory tract and the vagina.

Bergquist, C, Johansson, E L, Lagergård, T, Holmgren, J, Rudin, A

Forty-five volunteers were vaccinated twice intranasally with 10, 100, or 1,000 microg of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). Blood and nasal and vaginal secretions were collected before and 1 week after...

Transient entry of enterotoxin subunits into the periplasm occurs during their secretion from Vibrio cholerae.

Hirst, T R, Holmgren, J

Cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are structurally similar oligomeric proteins which are capable of being efficiently secreted from Vibrio cholerae. Here we report that these proteins...

Synthesis of a precursor to the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin in Escherichia coli.

Palva, E T, Hirst, T R, Hardy, S J, Holmgren, J, Randall, L

Escherichia coli K-12 minicells were employed to investigate the biosynthesis of plasmid-encoded, heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli. Two polypeptide species related to the B subunit of the toxin...

Analysis of expression of toxin-coregulated pili in classical and El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 in vitro and in vivo.

Jonson, G, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M

The expression of toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) and their structural subunit TcpA was compared in 20 strains of Vibrio cholerae of the classical and El Tor biotypes. Bacteria were isolated from the...

Protection against Vibrio cholerae El Tor infection by specific antibodies against mannose-binding hemagglutinin pili.

Osek, J, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Both specific polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies against mannose-binding hemagglutinin fimbriae of Vibrio cholerae (mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin [MSHA]) were shown to protect against...

Antibody-producing cells in peripheral blood and salivary glands after oral cholera vaccination of humans.

Czerkinsky, C, Svennerholm, A M, Quiding, M, Jonsson, R, Holmgren, J

We examined whether immunization with a newly developed oral cholera vaccine would elicit gut-derived antibody-producing cells in the blood and in distant mucosal tissues, such as the minor salivary...

Roles of different coli surface antigens of colonization factor antigen II in colonization by and protective immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in rabbits.

Svennerholm, A M, Wennerås, C, Holmgren, J, McConnell, M M, Rowe, B

The roles of the subcomponents of colonization factor antigen II, the coli surface antigens CS1, CS2, and CS3, as colonization factors and protective antigens was studied in a nonligated rabbit...

Interferon production by Shigella flexneri-infected fibroblasts depends upon intracellular bacterial metabolism.

Hess, C B, Niesel, D W, Holmgren, J, Jonson, G, Klimpel, G R

The role of bacterial invasion and subsequent intracellular metabolism or replication, or both, in the induction of interferon (IFN) production in primary cultures of murine embryo fibroblasts (MEFs)...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in an endemic area prepares the intestine for an anamnestic immunoglobulin A antitoxin response to oral cholera B subunit vaccination.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Gothefors, L, Jertborn, M, Stoll, B

We examined whether infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) producing the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) can prime the gut immune system to respond more efficiently to the...

Role of PCF8775 antigen and its coli surface subcomponents for colonization, disease, and protective immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in rabbits.

Svennerholm, A M, Vidal, Y L, Holmgren, J, McConnell, M M, Rowe, B

The role of the PCF8775 antigen and its antigenic subcomponents, in particular, the coli surface (CS) antigen CS6, as colonization factors and protective antigens was studied in the reversible...

Fusion of genes encoding Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin and outer membrane protein OmpC.

Saarilahti, H T, Palva, E T, Holmgren, J, Sanchez, J

The OmpC outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli was used as a carrier molecule for the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin STa. Two fragments of different lengths of the gene encoding STa were...

Protective efficacy in humans of killed whole-vibrio oral cholera vaccine with and without the B subunit of cholera toxin.

Black, R E, Levine, M M, Clements, M L, Young, C R, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Natural protection from cholera is associated with local intestinal antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies, which appear to act synergistically. Although current parenteral cholera vaccines offer...

Changes in intestinal fluid and mucosal immune responses to cholera toxin in Giardia muris infection and binding of cholera toxin to Giardia muris trophozoites.

Ljungström, I, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Ferrante, A

The effect of Giardia muris infection on the diarrheal response and gut mucosal antibody response to cholera toxin was examined in mice. The results obtained showed that the fluid accumulation in...

Weak serum and intestinal antibody responses to Vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin in cholera patients.

Svennerholm, A M, Levine, M M, Holmgren, J

A soluble hemagglutinin/protease from Vibrio cholerae has been suggested to be a putative virulence factor and protective antigen. However, clinical cholera infection gave rise to detectable serum...

Purification of Vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen and antibody quantitations.

Svennerholm, A M, Strömberg, G J, Holmgren, J

Soluble hemagglutinin (HA) from an El Tor Vibrio cholerae strain (serotype Ogawa) was purified by means of a sequence of salt precipitation, gel filtration, and agarose electrophoresis. The purified...

Monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin with special reference to cross-reactions with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.

Lindholm, L, Holmgren, J, Wikström, M, Karlsson, U, Andersson, K, Lycke, N

Seventy monoclonal antibodies to cholera toxin were prepared and characterized. All were of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes (39 IgG1, 29 IgG2, and 2 IgG3). A total of 61 clones produced antibody...

Recombinant fusion protein for simple detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin by GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Sanchez, J, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M

A recombinant gene fusion protein composed of an Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) peptide epitope fused to the amino end of the cholera toxin B subunit was used to detect STa produced...

Saliva, breast milk, and serum antibody responses as indirect measures of intestinal immunity after oral cholera vaccination or natural disease.

Jertborn, M, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

The possibility that antibody responses in serum, saliva, or breast milk samples to oral vaccines or enteric infections may reflect the intestinal immune response was evaluated in Bangladeshi...

Monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (STa) and their use in a diagnostic ST ganglioside GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Svennerholm, A M, Wikström, M, Lindblad, M, Holmgren, J

Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from a human Escherichia coli isolate were prepared and evaluated for their usefulness in an ST immunodetection assay, the ST...

Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Thailand: homology with cloned cholera toxin genes.

Hanchalay, S, Seriwatana, J, Echeverria, P, Holmgren, J, Tirapat, C, Moseley, S L, ...

We examined 281 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae isolates from Thailand for homology with genes coding for cholera toxin. Five isolates from environmental sources were homologous with the cholera toxin gene...

Evaluation of a ganglioside immunosorbent assay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.

Bäck, E, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J, Möllby, R

The GM1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA), an immunological method for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), was quantitatively and qualitatively...

Impaired mucosal antibody response to cholera toxin in vitamin A-deficient rats immunized with oral cholera vaccine.

Wiedermann, U, Hanson, L A, Holmgren, J, Kahu, H, Dahlgren, U I

To investigate the importance of vitamin A in the ability to respond to oral antigen administration, rats were fed a vitamin A-free diet. The animals were immunized perorally three times with a...

Coordinated assembly of multisubunit proteins: oligomerization of bacterial enterotoxins in vivo and in vitro.

Hardy, S J, Holmgren, J, Johansson, S, Sanchez, J, Hirst, T R

In this paper we study the assembly, in vivo and in vitro, of a family of hexameric, heat-labile enterotoxins produced by diarrheagenic bacteria. The toxins, which consist of an A subunit and five B...

Recombinant system for overexpression of cholera toxin B subunit in Vibrio cholerae as a basis for vaccine development.

Sanchez, J, Holmgren, J

We have constructed an overexpression system in which the gene encoding the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) was placed under the control of the strong tacP promoter in a wide host range plasmid....

Intestinal immune responses in humans. Oral cholera vaccination induces strong intestinal antibody responses and interferon-gamma production and evokes local immunological memory.

Quiding, M, Nordström, I, Kilander, A, Andersson, G, Hanson, L A, Holmgren, J, ...

We have examined secretory antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to oral cholera vaccine in the human gastrointestinal mucosa. Freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal...

Conformation of protein secreted across bacterial outer membranes: a study of enterotoxin translocation from Vibrio cholerae.

Hirst, T R, Holmgren, J

The secretion of enterotoxin by Vibrio cholerae is punctuated by the transient entry of the toxin subunits into the periplasm. In this paper, we show that the subunits oligomerize into an assembled...

Role of antibodies against biotype-specific Vibrio cholerae pili in protection against experimental classical and El Tor cholera.

Osek, J, Jonson, G, Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Vibrio cholerae O1, which exists as two biotypes, classical and El Tor, expresses fimbrial antigens called toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pili, respectively....

The maltose regulon of Vibrio cholerae affects production and secretion of virulence factors.

Lång, H, Jonson, G, Holmgren, J, Palva, E T

The effects of maltose on production and secretion of virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae in strain X28214, classical biotype, and in maltose-defective transposon mutants constructed from this...

Orally Administered CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Induces Production of CXC and CC Chemokines in the Gastric Mucosa and Suppresses Bacterial Colonization in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Raghavan, S., Nyström, J., Fredriksson, M., Holmgren, J., Harandi, A. M.

Bacterial DNA and unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) are known to be potent stimulators of the innate immune system in vitro and in vivo. We therefore investigated if oral...

Oral administration of a streptococcal antigen coupled to cholera toxin B subunit evokes strong antibody responses in salivary glands and extramucosal tissues.

Czerkinsky, C, Russell, M W, Lycke, N, Lindblad, M, Holmgren, J

Generation of local and systemic immune responses by the oral administration of antigens is frequently inefficient, requiring large quantities of immunogens and yielding only modest antibody...

Adoptive transfer of gut mucosal antitoxin memory by isolated B cells 1 year after oral immunization with cholera toxin.

Lycke, N, Holmgren, J

A protocol was elaborated for the adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from mice which were orally immunized with cholera toxin (CT) to enable the study of long-term gut mucosal immunological memory at...

Vibrio cholerae expresses cell surface antigens during intestinal infection which are not expressed during in vitro culture.

Jonson, G., Svennerholm, A. M., Holmgren, J.

Vibrio cholerae O1 bacteria harvested directly from ligated or nonligated intestines of rabbits with experimental cholera expressed at least 7 to 8 novel, in vivo-specific cell envelope (env)...

Rabbit intestinal glycoprotein receptor for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin lacking affinity for cholera toxin.

Holmgren, J, Fredman, P, Lindblad, M, Svennerholm, A M, Svennerholm, L

The receptors for cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) in rabbit small intestinal epithelium were characterized and compared. (i) In vivo studies in ligated intestinal loops...

Receptor-like glycocompounds in human milk that inhibit classical and El Tor Vibrio cholerae cell adherence (hemagglutination).

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Lindblad, M

The two biotypes of Vibrio cholerae were found to have cell-associated hemagglutinins which differ with regard to binding to different species of erythrocytes and inhibition by monosaccharides. A...

Sendai virus receptor: proposed recognition structure based on binding to plastic-adsorbed gangliosides.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, L, Elwing, H, Fredman, P, Strannegård, O

The binding of Sendai virus to polystyrene petri dishes to which various gangliosides of defined structures had been adsorbed was determined. The ganglioside-bound virus was visualized either by a...

Nonimmunoglobulin fraction of human milk inhibits bacterial adhesion (hemagglutination) and enterotoxin binding of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Ahrén, C

Human milk and colostrum samples were divided into an immunoglobulin and a nonimmunoglobulin fraction by immunosorbent chromatography. The ability of these fractions to inhibit bacterial cell...

Mechanism of toxin secretion by Vibrio cholerae investigated in strains harboring plasmids that encode heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli.

Hirst, T R, Sanchez, J, Kaper, J B, Hardy, S J, Holmgren, J

A genetically engineered Vibrio cholerae strain from which the cholera toxin genes had previously been deleted was used as a host in which to study the expression and secretion of related toxins and...

Antitoxic immunity in experimental cholera: protection, and serum and local antibody responses in rabbits after enteral and parenteral immunization.

Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A M, Ouchterlony, O, Anderson, A, Walletström, G, Westerberg-Berndtsson, U

The protective effect of enternal and parenteral immunization with cholera toxin antigen against experimental cholera in rabbits was studied by using the small-bowel loop technique. Subcutaneous...

Immunochemical Studies of Two Cholera Toxin-Containing Standard Culture Filtrate Preparations of Vibrio cholerae

Holmgren, J., Lönnroth, I., Ouchterlony, Ö.

Two crude toxin preparations of Vibrio cholerae, labeled lot 4493 G (Inaba) and lot 001 (Ogawa), consisting of freeze-dried culture filtrate, were studied with regard to toxicity,...

Synergistic protective effect in rabbits of immunization with Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide and toxin/toxoid.

Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

Subcutaneous immunization of rabbits with a combination of Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enterotoxin induced a more than 100-fold-higher degree of protection against intestinal...

Immunoglobulin and specific-antibody synthesis in vitro by enteral and nonenteral lymphoid tissues after subcutaneous cholera immunization.

Svennerholm, A M, Holmgren, J

An in vitro culture technique with synthesis of 14C-labeled protein has been used to study immunoglobulin and specific-antibody formation by spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and small...

Correlation between intestinal synthesis of specific immunoglobulin A and protection against experimental cholera in mice.

Svennerholm, A, Lange, S, Holmgren, J

The importance of locally and systemically formed antibodies of various classes for protection against experimental cholera has been studied in mice immunized with cholera toxin. Groups of mice were...

Experimental Studies on Cholera Immunization II. Evidence for Protective Antitoxic Immunity Mediated by Serum Antibodies as Well as Local Antibodies

Holmgren, J., Andersson, Å., Wallerstrom, G., Ouchterlony, Ö.

By use of the ileal loop technique, the resistance to challenge with cholera enterotoxin was compared between unimmunized rabbits and rabbits immunized with toxin or toxoids. It was shown that...

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Cholera Serology

Holmgren, J.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle of Engvall and Perlmann, which employs antigen-coated tubes and enzyme-labeled anti-immunoglobulins, was elaborated for use in cholera...

Tissue Receptor for Cholera Exotoxin: Postulated Structure from Studies with GM1 Ganglioside and Related Glycolipids

Holmgren, J., Lönnroth, I., Svennerholm, L.

By a double-diffusion precipitation-in-gel technique, isolated cholera toxin as well as its natural toxoid were shown to be fixed and precipitated by the ganglioside GM1 but not by any of the related...

Local Antibody Production in Experimental Pyelonephritis: Amount, Avidity, and Immunoglobulin Class

Smith, J., Holmgren, J., Ahlstedt, S., Hanson, L. A.

Local antibody formation in infected rabbit kidneys was studied with three techniques: the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and by binding of newly...

Ultrastructural localization of cell membrane GM1 ganglioside by cholera toxin

Holmgren, J., Svennerholm, L.

An immunoelectron microscopic method is described for sensitive high-resolution visualization of tissuebound cholera toxin. The principle is to incubate cells or tissue sections with toxin and then...

Interaction of cholera toxin and membrane GM1 ganglioside of small intestine.

Holmgren, J, Lönnroth, I, Månsson, J, Svennerholm, L

Ganglioside GM1 was isolated from the small intestinal mucosa of man, pig, and beef and amounted to 0.1, 2.0, and 43 nmol per g fresh weight, respectively. These differences in GM1 content were...

Differential expression of tissue-specific adhesion molecules on human circulating antibody-forming cells after systemic, enteric, and nasal immunizations. A molecular basis for the compartmentalization of effector B cell responses.

Quiding-Järbrink, M, Nordström, I, Granström, G, Kilander, A, Jertborn, M, Butcher, E C, ...

Expression of the adhesion molecules CD44, L-selectin (CD62L), and integrin alpha 4 beta 7 by antibody-secreting cells (ASC) was examined in human volunteers after oral, rectal, intranasal, or...

Intestinal immune response to cholera toxin: dependence on route and dosage of antigen for priming and boosting.

Svennerholm, A M, Lange, S, Holmgren, J

The influence in immunization with cholera toxin of the route and antigen dose on intestinal antibody formation and protective immunity against experimental cholera was studied in mice....

Different secretory immunoglobulin A antibody responses to cholera vaccination in Swedish and Pakistani women.

Svennerholm, A M, Hanson, L A, Holmgren, J, Lindblad, B S, Nilsson, B, Quereshi, F

The capacity of subcutaneous cholera vaccination to induce an antibody response in milk and saliva was studied in lactating Swedish and Pakistani women, since secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)...

Detection by monoclonal antibody of carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum of patients with carcinoma.

Holmgren, J, Lindholm, L, Persson, B, Lagergård, T, Nilsson, O, Svennerholm, L, ...

A solid phase radioimmunoassay was devised for measuring the value of the carcinoma associated carbohydrate antigen CA 50 in serum based on the use of a specific monoclonal antibody (C 50). Samples...

Controlled trial of chlorpromazine as antisecretory agent in patients with cholera hydrated intravenously.

Rabbani, G H, Greenough, W B, Holmgren, J, Kirkwood, B

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the ability of chlorpromazine to reduce intestinal secretion in cholera. Chlorpromazine had reduced loss of intestinal fluid in animals with...

The validity of the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique of estimation of antibody amount and avidity

Ahlstedt, S., Holmgren, J., Hanson, L. Å.

Determinations of antibody titres with the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique showed an accuracy of ± 10 per cent (P

The primary and secondary antibody response to Escherichia coli O6 lipopolysaccharide analysed at the humoral and cellular level: Amount and avidity of the antibodies in relation to protective capacity

Ahlstedt, S., Holmgren, J., Hanson, L. Å.

The primary and secondary antibody response in inbred CBA mice against Escherichia coli O6 lipopolysaccharide was investigated. The avidity was found to be inversely related to the immunization dose....

Enhancement of the IgG antibody production to Escherichia coli antigen by prior exposure to serologically different E. coli bacteria

Holmgren, J., Ahlstedt, S.

Exposure of rabbits and mice to serologically different E. coli bacteria enhanced the synthesis of IgG but often suppressed the formation of IgM O antibodies in response to subsequent immunization...

Alteration of the antibody response to Escherichia coli O antigen in mice by prior exposure to various somatic antigens.

Ahlstedt, S, Holmgren, J

In the present study in mice we used the Jerne plaque assay to compare the immunity enhancing potential of different Gram-negative bacteria with special regard to their endotoxin. The results confirm...

Strong adjuvant properties of cholera toxin on gut mucosal immune responses to orally presented antigens.

Lycke, N, Holmgren, J

There is a great need for substances that can act as adjuvants on local mucosal immune responses to perorally (p.o.) administered immunogens and which could be included in future oral vaccines. In...

Human gastric B cell responses can be induced by intestinal immunisation

Quiding-Jarbrink, M, Lonroth, H, Ahlstedt, I, Holmgren, J, Svennerholm, A

BACKGROUND—In a previous study, we found that oral vaccination induces strong B cell responses in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori infected but not of uninfected individuals. In this study, we...

Intestinal and circulating antibody-forming cells in IgA-deficient individuals after oral cholera vaccination

Friman, V., Quiding, M., Czerkinsky, C., Nordström, I., Larsson, L., Ericson, D., ...

In search for a possible explanation for the different susceptibility to mucosal infections in IgA-deficient (IgAd) individuals, the frequency of total immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) and...

High frequency of spontaneous interferon-gamma-producing cells in human tonsils: role of local accessory cells and soluble factors.

Quiding, M, Granström, G, Nordström, I, Ferrua, B, Holmgren, J, Czerkinsky, C

The frequency of mononuclear cells (MNC) spontaneously secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been examined in freshly isolated cell suspensions from human palatine tonsils. Two-site reverse...

Cholera antibody production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes following oral immunization of humans and mice.

Lycke, N, Lindholm, L, Holmgren, J

We have studied specific antibody production from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) after oral cholera immunization of humans and mice. Two oral immunizations with cholera toxin (CT) in mice or a...

Characterization of precipitating antibodies to E. coli O antigen in infants and children with acute pyelonephritis*

Hanson, L. Å., Holmgren, J., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B.

Precipitating serum antibodies to Escherichia coli O antigens from some infants and children with acute pyelonephritis were studied.

Absence of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is associated with a loss of regulation leading to increased pathology in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice

RAGHAVAN, S, FREDRIKSSON, M, SVENNERHOLM, A-M, HOLMGREN, J, SURI-PAYER, E

Helicobacter pylori induces symptomatic chronic gastritis in a subpopulation of infected individuals. The mechanism(s) determining the development and severity of pathology leading to symptoms are...

Oral tolerization with peptide 336–351 linked to cholera toxin B subunit in preventing relapses of uveitis in Behcet's disease

STANFORD, M, WHITTALL, T, BERGMEIER, L A, LINDBLAD, M, LUNDIN, S, SHINNICK, T, ...

Behcet's disease (BD) specific peptide (p336–351) was identified within the human 60 kD heat shock protein (HSP60). Oral p336–351 induced uveitis in rats which was prevented by oral tolerization...

Differential effect of cholera toxin on CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells: specific inhibition of cytokine production but not proliferation of human naive T cells

Eriksson, K, Nordström, I, Czerkinsky, C, Holmgren, J

We have studied how cholera toxin (CT) and its non-toxic cell-binding B-subunit (CTB) affect the activation of pure human T cells in an anti-CD3-driven system. CT, as opposed to CTB, strongly...

Enterotoxin-producing bacteria and parasites in stools of Ethiopian children with diarrhoeal disease.

Wadström, T, Aust-Kettis, A, Habte, D, Holmgren, J, Meeuwisse, G, Möllby, R, ...

Enterotoxinogenic bacteria were isolated from 131 (37%) of 354 Ethiopian infants and children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Only one of these isolates belonged to the classical...

INTERACTION OF CHOLERA TOXIN AND TOXIN DERIVATIVES WITH LYMPHOCYTES : I. BINDING PROPERTIES AND INTERFERENCE WITH LECTIN-INDUCED CELLULAR STIMULATION

Holmgren, J., Lindholm, L., Lönnroth, I.

The interaction of cholera toxin and a number of toxin derivatives, containing different proportions of light and heavy toxin-composing subunits (L and H), with mouse lymphocytes was studied....

Distribution of lymphocytes and adhesion molecules in human cervix and vagina

Johansson, E-L, Rudin, A, Wassén, L, Holmgren, J

Knowledge of the histological distribution of leucocytes and adhesion molecules in the human genital tract is scarce although local immunity in this region is important. Using immunohistochemical...

Enterotoxin antibodies in relation to diarrhoea in Swedish soldiers in Cyprus

Bäck, E., Holmgren, J.

The development of antibodies to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and its relationship to diarrhoea was studied in two Swedish battalions (one in the winter, WB, and one in the summer,...

Local and systemic antibody responses and immunological memory in humans after immunization with cholera B subunit by different routes

Gothefors, L., Sack, D. A., Bardhan, P. K., Holmgren, J.

A single oral or intramuscular immunization with purified cholera B subunit induced an intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antitoxin response in, respectively, 10 out of 11 and 9 out of 12...

Investigations into the safety and immunogenicity of a killed oral cholera vaccine developed in Viet Nam.

Trach, D. D., Cam, P. D., Ke, N. T., Rao, M. R., Dinh, D., Hang, P. V., ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a killed oral cholera vaccine produced in Viet Nam, and to compare the Vietnamese vaccine with one that is licensed internationally. METHOD: Two-dose regimens of a locally...