J. Richard McIntosh

Tubulin Hooks as Probes for Microtubule Polarity: An Analysis of the Method and an Evaluation of Data on Microtubule Polarity in the Mitotic Spindle (2008)

J Richard Mcintosh, Ursula Euteneuer

ABSTRACT The structural polarity of cellular microtubules can be visualized in situ by lysing cells in special buffers containing tubulin. Under these conditions, the tubulin polymerizes to form...

Microtubule depolymerization by the kinesin-8 motor Kip3p: a mathematical model (2008)

Hough, L. E., Schwabe, Anne, Glaser, Matthew A., McIntosh, J. Richard, Betterton, M. D.

Proteins from the kinesin-8 family promote microtubule (MT) depolymerization, a process thought to be important for the control of microtubule length in living cells. In addition to this MT...

FcRn-mediated antibody transport across epithelial cells revealed by electron tomography (2008)

He, Wanzhong, Ladinsky, Mark S., Huey-Tubman, Kathryn E., Jensen, Grant J., McIntosh, J. Richard, Björkman, Pamela J.

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transports maternal IgG across epithelial barriers, thereby providing the fetus or newborn with humoral immunity before its immune system is fully functional. In...

Cytoplasmic dynein nomenclature (2005)

Pfister, K. Kevin, Fisher, Elizabeth M. C., Gibbons, Ian R., Hays, Thomas S., Holzbaur, Erika L. F., McIntosh, J. Richard, ...

A variety of names has been used in the literature for the subunits of cytoplasmic dynein complexes. Thus, there is a strong need for a more definitive consensus statement on nomenclature. This is...

Morphologically distinct microtubule ends in the mitotic centrosome of Caenorhabditis elegans. (2003)

O'Toole, Eileen T, McDonald, Kent L, Mantler, Jana, McIntosh, J Richard, Hyman, Anthony A, Muller-Reichert, Thomas

During mitosis, the connections of microtubules (MTs) to centrosomes and kinetochores are dynamic. From in vitro studies, it is known that the dynamic behavior of MTs is related to the structure of...

Golgi structure in three dimensions: functional insights from the normal rat kidney cell (1999)

Mark S. Ladinsky, David N. Mastronarde, J. Richard Mcintosh, Kathryn E. Howell, L. Andrew Staehelin

Abstract. Three-dimensional reconstructions of portions of the Golgi complex from cryofixed, freeze-substituted normal rat kidney cells have been made by dual-axis, high-voltage EM tomography at...

The distribution of calmodulin in living mitotic cells (1983)

Zavortink, Michael, Welsh, Michael J., McIntosh, J. Richard

Calmodulin has been labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate (CaM-RITC) and used as a probe for the location of calmodulin in vivo. CaM-RITC retains its capacity to regulate the activity of brain...

A comparison of the distribution of actin and tubulin in the mammalian mitotic spindle as seen by indirect immunofluorescence (1977)

Cande, W. Zacheus, Lazarides, Elias, McIntosh, J. Richard

Rabbit antibodies against actin and tubulin were used in an indirect immunofluorescence study of the structure of the mitotic spindle of PtK1 cells after lysis under conditions that preserve anaphase...

High-Voltage Electron Tomography of Spindle Pole Bodies and Early Mitotic Spindles in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaeV⃞

O’Toole, Eileen T., Winey, Mark, McIntosh, J. Richard

The spindle pole body (SPB) is the major microtubule-organizing center of budding yeast and is the functional equivalent of the centrosome in higher eukaryotic cells. We used fast-frozen,...

cut11+: A Gene Required for Cell Cycle-dependent Spindle Pole Body Anchoring in the Nuclear Envelope and Bipolar Spindle Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

West, Robert R., Vaisberg, Elena V., Ding, Rubai, Nurse, Paul, McIntosh, J. Richard

The “cut” mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are defective in spindle formation and/or chromosome segregation, but they proceed through the cell cycle, resulting in lethality. Analysis of...

The Dynamic Behavior of Individual Microtubules Associated with Chromosomes In Vitro

Hunt, Alan J., McIntosh, J. Richard

Mitotic movements of chromosomes are usually coupled to the elongation and shortening of the microtubules to which they are bound. The lengths of kinetochore-associated microtubules change by...

Organellar relationships in the Golgi region of the pancreatic beta cell line, HIT-T15, visualized by high resolution electron tomography

Marsh, Brad J., Mastronarde, David N., Buttle, Karolyn F., Howell, Kathryn E., McIntosh, J. Richard

The positional relationships among all of the visible organelles in a densely packed region of cytoplasm from an insulin secreting, cultured mammalian cell have been analyzed in three dimensions...

The Domain Structure of Centromeres Is Conserved from Fission Yeast to Humans

Kniola, Barbara, O'Toole, Eileen, McIntosh, J. Richard, Mellone, Barbara, Allshire, Robin, Mengarelli, Silwa, ...

The centromeric DNA of fission yeast is arranged with a central core flanked by repeated sequences. The centromere-associated proteins, Mis6p and Cnp1p (SpCENP-A), associate exclusively with central...

pkl1+and klp2+: Two Kinesins of the Kar3 Subfamily in Fission Yeast Perform Different Functions in Both Mitosis and Meiosis

Troxell, Cynthia L., Sweezy, Mark A., West, Robert R., Reed, Karen D., Carson, Bryan D., Pidoux, Alison L., ...

We have identified Klp2p, a new kinesin-like protein (KLP) of the KAR3 subfamily in fission yeast. The motor domain of this protein is 61% identical and 71% similar to Pkl1p, another fission yeast...

Two Related Kinesins, klp5+ and klp6+, Foster Microtubule Disassembly and Are Required for Meiosis in Fission Yeast

West, Robert R., Malmstrom, Terra, Troxell, Cynthia L., McIntosh, J. Richard

The kinesin superfamily of microtubule motor proteins is important in many cellular processes, including mitosis and meiosis, vesicle transport, and the establishment and maintenance of cell...

Identification of a Novel Light Intermediate Chain (D2LIC) for Mammalian Cytoplasmic Dynein 2

Grissom, Paula M., Vaisberg, Eugeni A., McIntosh, J. Richard

The diversity of dynein's functions in mammalian cells is a manifestation of both the existence of multiple dynein heavy chain isoforms and an extensive set of associated protein subunits. In this...

Structure of the Golgi and Distribution of Reporter Molecules at 20°C Reveals the Complexity of the Exit Compartments

Ladinsky, Mark S., Wu, Christine C., McIntosh, Shane, McIntosh, J. Richard, Howell, Kathryn E.

Incubating cells at 20°C blocks transport out of the Golgi complex and amplifies the exit compartments. We have used the 20°C block, followed by EM tomography and serial section reconstruction, to...

The fission yeast NIMA kinase Fin1p is required for spindle function and nuclear envelope integrity

Krien, Michael J.E., West, Robert R., John, Ulrik P., Koniaras, Kalli, McIntosh, J.Richard, O’Connell, Matthew J.

NIMA kinases appear to be the least functionally conserved mitotic regulators, being implicated in chromosome condensation in fungi and in spindle function in metazoans. We demonstrate here that the...

mcl1+, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Homologue of CTF4, Is Important for Chromosome Replication, Cohesion, and Segregation

Williams, Dewight R., McIntosh, J. Richard

The fission yeast minichromosome loss mutant mcl1-1 was identified in a screen for mutants defective in chromosome segregation. Missegregation of the chromosomes in mcl1-1 mutant cells results from...

Three-dimensional Organization of Basal Bodies from Wild-Type and δ-Tubulin Deletion Strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiV⃞

O'Toole, Eileen T., Giddings, Thomas H., McIntosh, J. Richard, Dutcher, Susan K.

Improved methods of specimen preparation and dual-axis electron tomography have been used to study the structure and organization of basal bodies in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii....

Direct continuities between cisternae at different levels of the Golgi complex in glucose-stimulated mouse islet beta cells

Marsh, Brad J., Volkmann, Niels, McIntosh, J. Richard, Howell, Kathryn E.

Direct continuity between the membranes of cisternae in the Golgi complex in mammalian cells rarely has been observed; when seen, its documentation has been equivocal. Here we have used dual-axis...

3D structure of eukaryotic flagella in a quiescent state revealed by cryo-electron tomography

Nicastro, Daniela, McIntosh, J. Richard, Baumeister, Wolfgang

We have used cryo-electron tomography to investigate the 3D structure and macromolecular organization of intact, frozen-hydrated sea urchin sperm flagella in a quiescent state. The tomographic...

A Molecular-Mechanical Model of the Microtubule

Molodtsov, Maxim I., Ermakova, Elena A., Shnol, Emmanuil E., Grishchuk, Ekaterina L., McIntosh, J. Richard, Ataullakhanov, Fazly I.

Dynamic instability of MTs is thought to be regulated by biochemical transformations within tubulin dimers that are coupled to the hydrolysis of bound GTP. Structural studies of nucleotide-bound...

High-Voltage Electron Tomography of Spindle Pole Bodies and Early Mitotic Spindles in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaeV⃞

O’Toole, Eileen T., Winey, Mark, McIntosh, J. Richard

The spindle pole body (SPB) is the major microtubule-organizing center of budding yeast and is the functional equivalent of the centrosome in higher eukaryotic cells. We used fast-frozen,...

cut11+: A Gene Required for Cell Cycle-dependent Spindle Pole Body Anchoring in the Nuclear Envelope and Bipolar Spindle Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

West, Robert R., Vaisberg, Elena V., Ding, Rubai, Nurse, Paul, McIntosh, J. Richard

The “cut” mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are defective in spindle formation and/or chromosome segregation, but they proceed through the cell cycle, resulting in lethality. Analysis of...

The Dynamic Behavior of Individual Microtubules Associated with Chromosomes In Vitro

Hunt, Alan J., McIntosh, J. Richard

Mitotic movements of chromosomes are usually coupled to the elongation and shortening of the microtubules to which they are bound. The lengths of kinetochore-associated microtubules change by...

Organellar relationships in the Golgi region of the pancreatic beta cell line, HIT-T15, visualized by high resolution electron tomography

Marsh, Brad J., Mastronarde, David N., Buttle, Karolyn F., Howell, Kathryn E., McIntosh, J. Richard

The positional relationships among all of the visible organelles in a densely packed region of cytoplasm from an insulin secreting, cultured mammalian cell have been analyzed in three dimensions...

The Domain Structure of Centromeres Is Conserved from Fission Yeast to Humans

Kniola, Barbara, O'Toole, Eileen, McIntosh, J. Richard, Mellone, Barbara, Allshire, Robin, Mengarelli, Silwa, ...

The centromeric DNA of fission yeast is arranged with a central core flanked by repeated sequences. The centromere-associated proteins, Mis6p and Cnp1p (SpCENP-A), associate exclusively with central...

pkl1+and klp2+: Two Kinesins of the Kar3 Subfamily in Fission Yeast Perform Different Functions in Both Mitosis and Meiosis

Troxell, Cynthia L., Sweezy, Mark A., West, Robert R., Reed, Karen D., Carson, Bryan D., Pidoux, Alison L., ...

We have identified Klp2p, a new kinesin-like protein (KLP) of the KAR3 subfamily in fission yeast. The motor domain of this protein is 61% identical and 71% similar to Pkl1p, another fission yeast...

Two Related Kinesins, klp5+ and klp6+, Foster Microtubule Disassembly and Are Required for Meiosis in Fission Yeast

West, Robert R., Malmstrom, Terra, Troxell, Cynthia L., McIntosh, J. Richard

The kinesin superfamily of microtubule motor proteins is important in many cellular processes, including mitosis and meiosis, vesicle transport, and the establishment and maintenance of cell...

Identification of a Novel Light Intermediate Chain (D2LIC) for Mammalian Cytoplasmic Dynein 2

Grissom, Paula M., Vaisberg, Eugeni A., McIntosh, J. Richard

The diversity of dynein's functions in mammalian cells is a manifestation of both the existence of multiple dynein heavy chain isoforms and an extensive set of associated protein subunits. In this...

Structure of the Golgi and Distribution of Reporter Molecules at 20°C Reveals the Complexity of the Exit Compartments

Ladinsky, Mark S., Wu, Christine C., McIntosh, Shane, McIntosh, J. Richard, Howell, Kathryn E.

Incubating cells at 20°C blocks transport out of the Golgi complex and amplifies the exit compartments. We have used the 20°C block, followed by EM tomography and serial section reconstruction, to...

The fission yeast NIMA kinase Fin1p is required for spindle function and nuclear envelope integrity

Krien, Michael J.E., West, Robert R., John, Ulrik P., Koniaras, Kalli, McIntosh, J.Richard, O’Connell, Matthew J.

NIMA kinases appear to be the least functionally conserved mitotic regulators, being implicated in chromosome condensation in fungi and in spindle function in metazoans. We demonstrate here that the...

mcl1+, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Homologue of CTF4, Is Important for Chromosome Replication, Cohesion, and Segregation

Williams, Dewight R., McIntosh, J. Richard

The fission yeast minichromosome loss mutant mcl1-1 was identified in a screen for mutants defective in chromosome segregation. Missegregation of the chromosomes in mcl1-1 mutant cells results from...

Three-dimensional Organization of Basal Bodies from Wild-Type and δ-Tubulin Deletion Strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiV⃞

O'Toole, Eileen T., Giddings, Thomas H., McIntosh, J. Richard, Dutcher, Susan K.

Improved methods of specimen preparation and dual-axis electron tomography have been used to study the structure and organization of basal bodies in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii....

Direct continuities between cisternae at different levels of the Golgi complex in glucose-stimulated mouse islet beta cells

Marsh, Brad J., Volkmann, Niels, McIntosh, J. Richard, Howell, Kathryn E.

Direct continuity between the membranes of cisternae in the Golgi complex in mammalian cells rarely has been observed; when seen, its documentation has been equivocal. Here we have used dual-axis...

3D structure of eukaryotic flagella in a quiescent state revealed by cryo-electron tomography

Nicastro, Daniela, McIntosh, J. Richard, Baumeister, Wolfgang

We have used cryo-electron tomography to investigate the 3D structure and macromolecular organization of intact, frozen-hydrated sea urchin sperm flagella in a quiescent state. The tomographic...

A Molecular-Mechanical Model of the Microtubule

Molodtsov, Maxim I., Ermakova, Elena A., Shnol, Emmanuil E., Grishchuk, Ekaterina L., McIntosh, J. Richard, Ataullakhanov, Fazly I.

Dynamic instability of MTs is thought to be regulated by biochemical transformations within tubulin dimers that are coupled to the hydrolysis of bound GTP. Structural studies of nucleotide-bound...

Mitotic Chromosome Biorientation in Fission Yeast Is Enhanced by Dynein and a Minus-end–directed, Kinesin-like Protein

Grishchuk, Ekaterina L., Spiridonov, Ilia S., McIntosh, J. Richard

Chromosome biorientation, the attachment of sister kinetochores to sister spindle poles, is vitally important for accurate chromosome segregation. We have studied this process by following the...

Microtubule depolymerization can drive poleward chromosome motion in fission yeast

Grishchuk, Ekaterina L, McIntosh, J Richard

Prometaphase kinetochores interact with spindle microtubules (MTs) to establish chromosome bi-orientation. Before becoming bi-oriented, chromosomes frequently exhibit poleward movements...

A standardized kinesin nomenclature

Lawrence, Carolyn J., Dawe, R. Kelly, Christie, Karen R., Cleveland, Don W., Dawson, Scott C., Endow, Sharyn A., ...

In recent years the kinesin superfamily has become so large that several different naming schemes have emerged, leading to confusion and miscommunication. Here, we set forth a standardized kinesin...

Cytoplasmic dynein nomenclature

Pfister, K. Kevin, Fisher, Elizabeth M.C., Gibbons, Ian R., Hays, Thomas S., Holzbaur, Erika L.F., McIntosh, J. Richard, ...

A variety of names has been used in the literature for the subunits of cytoplasmic dynein complexes. Thus, there is a strong need for a more definitive consensus statement on nomenclature. This is...

MICROTUBULES IN THE SPERMATIDS OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL

McIntosh, J. Richard, Porter, Keith R.

Spermiogenesis in chicken has been examined in order to see whether the radical changes observed in cell shape can be related to the presence of cytoplasmic microtubules. A highly ordered array of...

THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES DURING MITOSIS IN CULTURED HUMAN CELLS

McIntosh, J. Richard, Landis, Story C.

WI-38 and HeLa cells in mitosis have been selected from fixed monolayer cultures and serially sectioned for electron microscopy. Sections perpendicular to the spindle axis permit counting of the...

THE AXOSTYLE OF SACCINOBACULUS : I. Structure of the Organism and Its Microtubule Bundle

McIntosh, J. Richard, Ogata, Edward S., Landis, Story C.

The axostyle of the flagellate Saccinobaculus is a motile ribbon composed of microtubules, cross-bridged to form interconnected rows. We find a centriole-related row of dark-staining tubules near the...

THE AXOSTYLE OF SACCINOBACULUS : II. Motion of the Microtubule Bundle and a Structural Comparison of Straight and Bent Axostyles

McIntosh, J. Richard

Undulations of the flagellate Saccinobaculus result from motility in its axostyle, a bundle consisting of thousands of cross-bridged microtubules. In its resting state, the axostyle is a helix of...

A Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain Is Required for Oscillatory Nuclear Movement of Meiotic Prophase and Efficient Meiotic Recombination in Fission Yeast

Yamamoto, Ayumu, West, Robert R., McIntosh, J. Richard, Hiraoka, Yasushi

Meiotic recombination requires pairing of homologous chromosomes, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. When pairing occurs during meiotic prophase in fission yeast, the nucleus oscillates...

Activation of the MKK/ERK Pathway during Somatic Cell Mitosis: Direct Interactions of Active ERK with Kinetochores and Regulation of the Mitotic 3F3/2 Phosphoantigen

Shapiro, Paul S., Vaisberg, Eugeni, Hunt, Alan J., Tolwinski, Nicholas S., Whalen, Anne M., McIntosh, J. Richard, ...

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, which includes extracellular signal–regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1, ERK2) and MAP kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MKK1, MKK2), is well-known to...

Golgi Structure in Three Dimensions: Functional Insights from the Normal Rat Kidney Cell

Ladinsky, Mark S., Mastronarde, David N., McIntosh, J. Richard, Howell, Kathryn E., Staehelin, L. Andrew

Three-dimensional reconstructions of portions of the Golgi complex from cryofixed, freeze-substituted normal rat kidney cells have been made by dual-axis, high-voltage EM tomography at ∼7-nm...

Morphologically distinct microtubule ends in the mitotic centrosome of Caenorhabditis elegans

O'Toole, Eileen T., McDonald, Kent L., Mäntler, Jana, McIntosh, J. Richard, Hyman, Anthony A., Müller-Reichert, Thomas

During mitosis, the connections of microtubules (MTs) to centrosomes and kinetochores are dynamic. From in vitro studies, it is known that the dynamic behavior of MTs is related to the structure of...

CENP-meta, an Essential Kinetochore Kinesin Required for the Maintenance of Metaphase Chromosome Alignment in Drosophila

Yucel, Jennifer K., Marszalek, Janet D., McIntosh, J. Richard, Goldstein, Lawrence S.B., Cleveland, Don W., Philp, Alastair Valentine

CENP-meta has been identified as an essential, kinesin-like motor protein in Drosophila. The 257-kD CENP-meta protein is most similar to the vertebrate kinetochore-associated kinesin-like protein...

Tea2p Is a Kinesin-like Protein Required to Generate Polarized Growth in Fission Yeast

Browning, Heidi, Hayles, Jacqueline, Mata, Juan, Aveline, Lauren, Nurse, Paul, McIntosh, J. Richard

Cytoplasmic microtubules are critical for establishing and maintaining cell shape and polarity. Our investigations of kinesin-like proteins (klps) and morphological mutants in the fission yeast...

Nuclear fusion during yeast mating occurs by a three-step pathway

Melloy, Patricia, Shen, Shu, White, Erin, McIntosh, J. Richard, Rose, Mark D.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating culminates in nuclear fusion to produce a diploid zygote. Two models for nuclear fusion have been proposed: a one-step model in which the outer and inner nuclear...

In search of an optimal ring to couple microtubule depolymerization to processive chromosome motions

Efremov, Artem, Grishchuk, Ekaterina L., McIntosh, J. Richard, Ataullakhanov, Fazly I.

Mitotic chromosome motions are driven by microtubules (MTs) and associated proteins that couple kinetochores to MT ends. A good coupler should ensure a high stability of attachment, even when the...

The Dam1 ring binds microtubules strongly enough to be a processive as well as energy-efficient coupler for chromosome motion

Grishchuk, Ekaterina L., Efremov, Artem K., Volkov, Vladimir A., Spiridonov, Ilia S., Gudimchuk, Nikita, Westermann, Stefan, ...

Accurate chromosome segregation during mitotic division of budding yeast depends on the multiprotein kinetochore complex, Dam1 (also known as DASH). Purified Dam1 heterodecamers encircle microtubules...

Three-dimensional cellular architecture of the flagellar pocket and associated cytoskeleton in trypanosomes revealed by electron microscope tomography

Lacomble, Sylvain, Vaughan, Sue, Gadelha, Catarina, Morphew, Mary K., Shaw, Michael K., McIntosh, J. Richard, ...

This study uses electron tomography linked to a variety of other EM methods to provide an integrated view of the flagellar pocket and basal body area of the African trypanosome procyclic...

Membrane domains and flagellar pocket boundaries are influenced by the cytoskeleton in African trypanosomes

Gadelha, Catarina, Rothery, Stephen, Morphew, Mary, McIntosh, J. Richard, Severs, Nicholas J., Gull, Keith

A key feature of immune evasion for African trypanosomes is the functional specialization of their surface membrane in an invagination known as the flagellar pocket (FP), the cell's sole site of...