Immunotherapy of distant metastatic disease (2009)
Schadendorf, D., Algarra, S. M., Bastholt, L., Cinat, G., Dreno, B., Eggermont, A. M. M., ...
Immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma consists of various approaches leading to specific or non-specific immunomodulation. The use of FDA-approved interleukin (IL)-2 alone, in combination with...
Slow epidemic of lymphogranuloma venereum L2b strain (2005)
Spaargaren, J., Schachter, J., Moncada, J., Fennema, J.S.A., Pena, A.S., ...
Slow epidemic of lymphogranuloma venereum L2b strain (2005)
Spaargaren, J., Schachter, J., Moncada, J., Fennema, J.S.A., Pena, A.S., ...
Radical changes to chlamydial taxonomy are not necessary just yet (letter and reply) (2001)
Schachter, J., Stephens, R.S., Timms, P., Kuo, C., Bavoil, P.M., Birkelund, S., ...
The Identification of EGRET Sources with Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources (1996)
Mattox, J. R., Schachter, J., Molnar, L., Hartman, R. C., Patnaik, A. R.
We present a method to assess the reliability of the identification of EGRET sources with extragalactic radio sources. We verify that EGRET is detecting the blazar class of AGN. However, many...
Kahn, S., Craig, W., Schachter, J., Wargelin, B., Kapteyn, H., Falcone, R., ...
The interpretation of upcoming cosmic soft X-ray spectroscopic observations may require a vast improvement in the state of our knowledge of basic atomic physics and radiation transfer processes,...
Kahn, S., Craig, W., Schachter, J., Wargelin, B., Kapteyn, H., Falcone, R., ...
The interpretation of upcoming cosmic soft X-ray spectroscopic observations may require a vast improvement in the state of our knowledge of basic atomic physics and radiation transfer processes,...
Kahn, S., Craig, W., Schachter, J., Wargelin, B., Kapteyn, H., Falcone, R., ...
The interpretation of upcoming cosmic soft X-ray spectroscopic observations may require a vast improvement in the state of our knowledge of basic atomic physics and radiation transfer processes,...
Gaydos, C. A., Quinn, T. C., Willis, D., Weissfeld, A., Hook, E. W., Martin, D. H., ...
The greater sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae permits the use of urine and other noninvasive specimens, which can increase...
Role of CD8 T cells in primary Chlamydia infection.
Magee, D M, Williams, D M, Smith, J G, Bleicker, C A, Grubbs, B G, Schachter, J, ...
The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in primary Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia was investigated by using in vivo depletion techniques to eliminate T-cell populations. Reduction of either CD4 T cells or...
Cytochemical localization of glycogen in Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions.
Chiappino, M L, Dawson, C, Schachter, J, Nichols, B A
The origin and distribution of glycogen in inclusions of Chlamydia trachomatis were demonstrated with silver proteinate stain for electron microscopy. Glycogen particles were detected in all...
Agacfidan, A, Moncada, J, Schachter, J
The in vitro susceptibilities of 49 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and 3 strains of Chlamydia pneumoniae to azithromycin and tetracycline or doxycycline were determined. The MIC of azithromycin...
Chow, J M, Moncada, J, Brooks, D, Bolan, G, Shaw, H, Schachter, J
We evaluated the use of the leukocyte esterase test (LET) on first-catch urine specimens from women as a screening test to predict infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. For diagnosis, we used...
Schachter, J, Jones, R B, Butler, R C, Rice, B, Brooks, D, ...
The Vidas Chlamydia test (CHL) is an automated enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Positive and equivocal results are confirmed with a blocking assay. A...
Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia induces in vivo production of interleukin-1 and -6.
Magee, D M, Smith, J G, Bleicker, C A, Carter, C J, Bonewald, L F, Schachter, J, ...
Cytokine induction during Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia may alter the pathogenesis or course of disease. We examined interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 production by measuring mRNA and bioactivity in...
Production of colony-stimulating factors during pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Magee, D M, Williams, D M, Wing, E J, Bleicker, C A, Schachter, J
The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are cytokines involved in the production, differentiation, and activation of host phagocytes. During murine infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (MoPn), plasma...
A role in vivo for tumor necrosis factor alpha in host defense against Chlamydia trachomatis.
Williams, D M, Magee, D M, Bonewald, L F, Smith, J G, Bleicker, C A, Byrne, G I, ...
In a mouse model of pneumonia caused by murine Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis agent [MoPn]), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antigen and bioactivity were demonstrated in vivo in the...
Role of L3T4-bearing T-cell populations in experimental murine chlamydial salpingitis.
Landers, D V, Erlich, K, Sung, M, Schachter, J
A role for both the cellular and humoral components of the immune response has been established for chlamydial infection. The significance of helper (L3T4) T cells was evaluated by using a Chlamydia...
Gamma interferon-mediated cytotoxicity related to murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Byrne, G I, Grubbs, B, Marshall, T J, Schachter, J, Williams, D M
After infection with the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn; murine Chlamydia trachomatis), heterozygous (nu/+) but not nude athymic (nu/nu) mice produced enhanced amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)...
Role in vivo for gamma interferon in control of pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in mice.
Williams, D M, Byrne, G I, Grubbs, B, Marshal, T J, Schachter, J
In a model of pneumonia caused by murine Chlamydia trachomatis, depletion experiments with monoclonal antibody to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) made mice more susceptible. Repletion experiments giving...
Williams, D M, Schachter, J, Grubbs, B
Natural killer (NK) activity is increased in both spleen and lung early in pulmonary infection by murine Chlamydia trachomatis in both susceptible nude and resistant heterozygous (nu/+) mice....
Primary murine Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in B-cell-deficient mice.
Williams, D M, Grubbs, B, Schachter, J
Mice were rendered deficient in B-cell activity by treatment with anti-mu antibody from birth. These animals were then infected intranasally with murine Chlamydia trachomatis (murine pneumonitis...
Gaydos, C A, Roblin, P M, Hammerschlag, M R, Hyman, C L, Eiden, J J, Schachter, J, ...
To assess the utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for diagnosis of acute infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, we compared tissue culture, PCR-EIA, direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) stain, and...
Antibody in host defense against mouse pneumonitis agent (murine Chlamydia trachomatis).
Williams, D M, Schachter, J, Weiner, M H, Grubbs, B
In a murine model of chlamydial pneumonia employing murine Chlamydia trachomatis, immune serum given intranasally delayed death in nude (nu/nu) mice and prevented death in nu/+ mice. Serum-derived...
Role of disulfide bonding in outer membrane structure and permeability in Chlamydia trachomatis.
Bavoil, P, Ohlin, A, Schachter, J
The outer membrane of Chlamydia trachomatis can be efficiently solubilized by a variety of mild detergents in the presence of the reducing agent dithiothreitol. This allows purification of the...
Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma.
Taylor, H R, Kolarczyk, R A, Johnson, S L, Schachter, J, Prendergast, R A
In trachoma the interaction between chronic chlamydial and acute bacterial conjuntivitis has been suggested as important in determining the severity of disease and, therefore, blindness. We...
Ligase chain reaction to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix.
Schachter, J, Stamm, W E, Quinn, T C, Andrews, W W, Burczak, J D, Lee, H H
We performed a multicenter evaluation of ligase chain reaction (LCR) in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix. This LCR provides an amplification of target sequences within...
Ehret, J M, Leszcynski, J C, Douglas, J M, Genova, S L, Chernesky, M A, Moncada, J, ...
Paired first-voided urine and urethral swab specimens were collected from 540 men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in three geographic locations. Urine specimens were tested for the...
Cytobrush in collection of cervical specimens for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Moncada, J, Schachter, J, Shipp, M, Bolan, G, Wilber, J
Methods of collecting endocervical samples for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis were evaluated. We compared Calgiswab and cytobrush for isolation in cell culture and Dacron swab and cytobrush...
Moncada, J, Schachter, J, Bolan, G, Engelman, J, Howard, L, Mushahwar, I, ...
Enzyme immunoassays for the detection of chlamydial antigens are commonly used to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis infection. As is true for all nonculture methods, the specificities of these tests are...
Comparison of monoclonal antibody staining and culture in diagnosing cervical chlamydial infection.
Lipkin, E S, Moncada, J V, Shafer, M A, Wilson, T E, Schachter, J
We compared a fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody (FA) direct specimen test (MicroTrak; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) with culture (TC) in McCoy cells (vials, with blind passage and iodine...
Use of gonozyme on urine sediment for diagnosis of gonorrhea in males.
Schachter, J, Pang, F, Parks, R M, Smith, R F, Armstrong, A S
We compared enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) for detection of gonococcal antigen in urine sediments with urethral swab culture for diagnosis of gonorrhea in men...
Moncada, J V, Schachter, J, Wofsy, C
Brush biopsies and lung lavages were obtained from 263 individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who collectively had 658 hospitalizations for pneumonia. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated...
Mahony, J B, Chernesky, M A, Bromberg, K, Schachter, J
An improved solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with Chlamydia trachomatis L2 434/Bu elementary bodies was developed for the measurement of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to C. trachomatis in...
Failure of multiple passages to increase chlamydial recovery.
Because of a previous publication indicating that increasing the number of blind passages to five resulted in a marked increase in Chlamydia trachomatis isolation rates, we evaluated a...
Asymptomatic respiratory tract infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR.
Hyman, C L, Augenbraun, M H, Roblin, P M, Schachter, J, Hammerschlag, M R
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a newly recognized organism associated with respiratory tract infections. Asymptomatic infection with C. pneumoniae, although it has been suggested to occur, has not been...
Clark, A, Stamm, W E, Gaydos, C, Welsh, L, Quinn, T C, Schachter, J, ...
To evaluate the AntigEnz Chlamydia enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Baxter/Bartels, Issaquah, Wash.), we studied 320 men and 1,209 women attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in Baltimore, San...
Detection of Antichlamydial Immunoglobulin G and M Antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Mahony, J. B., Schachter, J., Chernesky, M. A.
Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide range of infections in adults and conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates. The complement fixation test for chlamydial antibody is broadly reactive, but possesses...
Immunoassay for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein.
The development of a solid-phase immunoassay for the detection of the 39,500-dalton major outer membrane protein of the Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum serotype L2 is described. The...
Enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of gonorrhea.
Schachter, J, McCormack, W M, Smith, R F, Parks, R M, Bailey, R, Ohlin, A C
An enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Gonozyme [Abbott Laboratories]) for gonococcal antigen was assessed for the rapid diagnosis of gonorrhea. Patients attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics were...
Finn, M P, Ohlin, A, Schachter, J
Microimmunofluorescence methods used for detection of immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis are not available to many clinical laboratories. We evaluated a simple enzyme-linked...
Failure of serology in diagnosing chlamydial infections of the female genital tract.
Schachter, J, Cles, L, Ray, R, Hines, P A
Chlamydia trachomatis was recoved from 20% (36/180) of women attending a venereal disease clinic. All infected women had chlamydial antibodies in their serum and cervical secretions. However, the...
Gallo, D, Riggs, J L, Schachter, J, Emmons, R W
A microimmunofluorescence test was evaluated for use in measuring immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in infant sera to five of the agents implicated in congenital and neonatal disease. Pen point dots...
Continuing search for the etiology of cat scratch disease.
Emmons, R W, Riggs, J L, Schachter, J
Fifty cat scratch disease patients were tested for antibodies against candidate etiological agents, with inconclusive results. Future research should emphasize new viral isolation methods to discover...
Zhao, Q, Schachter, J, Stephens, R S
The major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) was sequenced for each of six Chlamydia psittaci (guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis [GPIC]) strains isolated from guinea pigs. Five of the isolates were...
Gamma interferon levels during Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in mice.
Williams, D M, Grubbs, B G, Schachter, J, Magee, D M
Host defense against murine Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis agent [MoPn]) in a murine model was investigated. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was produced in the lungs by both MoPn-susceptible...
Relative resistance to erythromycin in Chlamydia trachomatis.
Mourad, A, Sweet, R L, Sugg, N, Schachter, J
Recent Chlamydia trachomatis isolates were tested in a tissue culture system for susceptibility to tetracycline, erythromycin, rosaramicin, rifampin, and clindamycin. Rifampin was the most active...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a cytotoxin induced by murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Williams, D M, Bonewald, L F, Roodman, G D, Byrne, G I, Magee, D M, Schachter, J
A mouse model of pneumonia caused by murine Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis agent) was used to demonstrate that whole spleen cells from both nude athymic mice (nu/nu) and heterozygous mice...
Chlamydia trachomatis-induced production of interleukin-1 by human monocytes.
Rothermel, C D, Schachter, J, Lavrich, P, Lipsitz, E C, Francus, T
Human diseases caused by the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis include genital tract infections and blinding trachoma. Chlamydial infections are characterized by chronic inflammation and...
Failure to detect cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells.
Mice were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (L2/434) and at various intervals after infection their lymphoid cells were tested directly for cytotoxic activity against Chlamydia-infected L929 cells....
Caldwell, H D, Kromhout, J, Schachter, J
Elementary bodies (EB) of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes C, E, and L2 were extrinsically radioiodinated, and whole-cell lysates of these serotypes were compared by sodium dodecyl...
Serotyping of Chlamydia: isolates of bovine origin.
Schachter, J, Banks, J, Sugg, N, Sung, M, Storz, J, Meyer, K F
Chlamydial isolates of bovine origin were serotyped by a plaque reduction method. Of the two major serotypes observed, type 1 included isolates from bovine abortion and enteric infections, whereas...
Oh, J. O., Ostler, H. B., Schachter, J.
Live trachoma agent (TE55) injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye produced the following agent-specific ocular lesions: corneal opacity, corneal neovascularization, and iritis. Three...
Plaque Reduction Technique for Demonstrating Neutralizing Antibodies for Chlamydia
Banks, J., Eddie, B., Sung, M., Sugg, N., Schachter, J., Meyer, K. F.
Some members of the genus Chlamydia (Bedsonia or psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum-trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis group of microorganisms) produce plaques in monolayers of mouse fibroblast...
The microimmunofluorescence test with hyperimmune rooster sera against lymphogranuloma venereum strains gave the same serotype patterns obtained in the standard mouse serum system. Results in a...
Chernesky, M. A., Martin, D. H., Hook, E. W., Willis, D., Jordan, J., Wang, S., ...
A clinical evaluation was conducted in six North American centers to determine the ability of APTIMA CT (ACT) and APTIMA GC (AGC) nucleic acid amplification assays to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and...
Katzman, D K, Tipton, A C, Litt, I F, Friedman, I M, Emmons, R W, Schachter, J
Chlamydia pneumoniae has recently been identified as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections. From March 1987 to March 1988, 259 university students-151 students with lower respiratory tract...
Schachter, J., Hook, E. W., Martin, D. H., Willis, D., Fine, P., Fuller, D., ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended confirming positive screening tests for Chlamydia trachomatis when positive predictive values are
Rosser, R M, Birch, S, Bond, H, Denford, J, Schachter, J
Twenty-eight patients who were admitted consecutively to a single-adult unit of the Cassel Hospital in 1977/8 were followed up 5 years after discharge. Those who were found to have improved at the...
The relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and male infertility.
Greendale, G A, Haas, S T, Holbrook, K, Walsh, B, Schachter, J, Phillips, R S
OBJECTIVES. Infertility affects at least 2 million couples in the United States. One third of infertility is attributed to male causes, but the etiology of most male infertility remains obscure. This...
Gaydos, C. A., Quinn, T. C., Willis, D., Weissfeld, A., Hook, E. W., Martin, D. H., ...
The greater sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae permits the use of urine and other noninvasive specimens, which can increase...
Role of CD8 T cells in primary Chlamydia infection.
Magee, D M, Williams, D M, Smith, J G, Bleicker, C A, Grubbs, B G, Schachter, J, ...
The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in primary Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia was investigated by using in vivo depletion techniques to eliminate T-cell populations. Reduction of either CD4 T cells or...
Cytochemical localization of glycogen in Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions.
Chiappino, M L, Dawson, C, Schachter, J, Nichols, B A
The origin and distribution of glycogen in inclusions of Chlamydia trachomatis were demonstrated with silver proteinate stain for electron microscopy. Glycogen particles were detected in all...
Agacfidan, A, Moncada, J, Schachter, J
The in vitro susceptibilities of 49 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and 3 strains of Chlamydia pneumoniae to azithromycin and tetracycline or doxycycline were determined. The MIC of azithromycin...
Chow, J M, Moncada, J, Brooks, D, Bolan, G, Shaw, H, Schachter, J
We evaluated the use of the leukocyte esterase test (LET) on first-catch urine specimens from women as a screening test to predict infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. For diagnosis, we used...
Schachter, J, Jones, R B, Butler, R C, Rice, B, Brooks, D, ...
The Vidas Chlamydia test (CHL) is an automated enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Positive and equivocal results are confirmed with a blocking assay. A...
Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia induces in vivo production of interleukin-1 and -6.
Magee, D M, Smith, J G, Bleicker, C A, Carter, C J, Bonewald, L F, Schachter, J, ...
Cytokine induction during Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia may alter the pathogenesis or course of disease. We examined interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 production by measuring mRNA and bioactivity in...
Production of colony-stimulating factors during pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Magee, D M, Williams, D M, Wing, E J, Bleicker, C A, Schachter, J
The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are cytokines involved in the production, differentiation, and activation of host phagocytes. During murine infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (MoPn), plasma...
A role in vivo for tumor necrosis factor alpha in host defense against Chlamydia trachomatis.
Williams, D M, Magee, D M, Bonewald, L F, Smith, J G, Bleicker, C A, Byrne, G I, ...
In a mouse model of pneumonia caused by murine Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis agent [MoPn]), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antigen and bioactivity were demonstrated in vivo in the...
Role of L3T4-bearing T-cell populations in experimental murine chlamydial salpingitis.
Landers, D V, Erlich, K, Sung, M, Schachter, J
A role for both the cellular and humoral components of the immune response has been established for chlamydial infection. The significance of helper (L3T4) T cells was evaluated by using a Chlamydia...
Gamma interferon-mediated cytotoxicity related to murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Byrne, G I, Grubbs, B, Marshall, T J, Schachter, J, Williams, D M
After infection with the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn; murine Chlamydia trachomatis), heterozygous (nu/+) but not nude athymic (nu/nu) mice produced enhanced amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)...
Role in vivo for gamma interferon in control of pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in mice.
Williams, D M, Byrne, G I, Grubbs, B, Marshal, T J, Schachter, J
In a model of pneumonia caused by murine Chlamydia trachomatis, depletion experiments with monoclonal antibody to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) made mice more susceptible. Repletion experiments giving...
Williams, D M, Schachter, J, Grubbs, B
Natural killer (NK) activity is increased in both spleen and lung early in pulmonary infection by murine Chlamydia trachomatis in both susceptible nude and resistant heterozygous (nu/+) mice....
Primary murine Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in B-cell-deficient mice.
Williams, D M, Grubbs, B, Schachter, J
Mice were rendered deficient in B-cell activity by treatment with anti-mu antibody from birth. These animals were then infected intranasally with murine Chlamydia trachomatis (murine pneumonitis...
Gaydos, C A, Roblin, P M, Hammerschlag, M R, Hyman, C L, Eiden, J J, Schachter, J, ...
To assess the utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for diagnosis of acute infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, we compared tissue culture, PCR-EIA, direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) stain, and...
Antibody in host defense against mouse pneumonitis agent (murine Chlamydia trachomatis).
Williams, D M, Schachter, J, Weiner, M H, Grubbs, B
In a murine model of chlamydial pneumonia employing murine Chlamydia trachomatis, immune serum given intranasally delayed death in nude (nu/nu) mice and prevented death in nu/+ mice. Serum-derived...
Role of disulfide bonding in outer membrane structure and permeability in Chlamydia trachomatis.
Bavoil, P, Ohlin, A, Schachter, J
The outer membrane of Chlamydia trachomatis can be efficiently solubilized by a variety of mild detergents in the presence of the reducing agent dithiothreitol. This allows purification of the...
Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma.
Taylor, H R, Kolarczyk, R A, Johnson, S L, Schachter, J, Prendergast, R A
In trachoma the interaction between chronic chlamydial and acute bacterial conjuntivitis has been suggested as important in determining the severity of disease and, therefore, blindness. We...
Ligase chain reaction to detect Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix.
Schachter, J, Stamm, W E, Quinn, T C, Andrews, W W, Burczak, J D, Lee, H H
We performed a multicenter evaluation of ligase chain reaction (LCR) in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix. This LCR provides an amplification of target sequences within...
Ehret, J M, Leszcynski, J C, Douglas, J M, Genova, S L, Chernesky, M A, Moncada, J, ...
Paired first-voided urine and urethral swab specimens were collected from 540 men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in three geographic locations. Urine specimens were tested for the...
Cytobrush in collection of cervical specimens for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Moncada, J, Schachter, J, Shipp, M, Bolan, G, Wilber, J
Methods of collecting endocervical samples for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis were evaluated. We compared Calgiswab and cytobrush for isolation in cell culture and Dacron swab and cytobrush...
Moncada, J, Schachter, J, Bolan, G, Engelman, J, Howard, L, Mushahwar, I, ...
Enzyme immunoassays for the detection of chlamydial antigens are commonly used to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis infection. As is true for all nonculture methods, the specificities of these tests are...
Comparison of monoclonal antibody staining and culture in diagnosing cervical chlamydial infection.
Lipkin, E S, Moncada, J V, Shafer, M A, Wilson, T E, Schachter, J
We compared a fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody (FA) direct specimen test (MicroTrak; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) with culture (TC) in McCoy cells (vials, with blind passage and iodine...
Use of gonozyme on urine sediment for diagnosis of gonorrhea in males.
Schachter, J, Pang, F, Parks, R M, Smith, R F, Armstrong, A S
We compared enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) for detection of gonococcal antigen in urine sediments with urethral swab culture for diagnosis of gonorrhea in men...
Moncada, J V, Schachter, J, Wofsy, C
Brush biopsies and lung lavages were obtained from 263 individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who collectively had 658 hospitalizations for pneumonia. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated...
Mahony, J B, Chernesky, M A, Bromberg, K, Schachter, J
An improved solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with Chlamydia trachomatis L2 434/Bu elementary bodies was developed for the measurement of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to C. trachomatis in...
Failure of multiple passages to increase chlamydial recovery.
Because of a previous publication indicating that increasing the number of blind passages to five resulted in a marked increase in Chlamydia trachomatis isolation rates, we evaluated a...
Asymptomatic respiratory tract infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR.
Hyman, C L, Augenbraun, M H, Roblin, P M, Schachter, J, Hammerschlag, M R
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a newly recognized organism associated with respiratory tract infections. Asymptomatic infection with C. pneumoniae, although it has been suggested to occur, has not been...
Clark, A, Stamm, W E, Gaydos, C, Welsh, L, Quinn, T C, Schachter, J, ...
To evaluate the AntigEnz Chlamydia enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Baxter/Bartels, Issaquah, Wash.), we studied 320 men and 1,209 women attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in Baltimore, San...
Detection of Antichlamydial Immunoglobulin G and M Antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Mahony, J. B., Schachter, J., Chernesky, M. A.
Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide range of infections in adults and conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates. The complement fixation test for chlamydial antibody is broadly reactive, but possesses...
Immunoassay for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein.
The development of a solid-phase immunoassay for the detection of the 39,500-dalton major outer membrane protein of the Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum serotype L2 is described. The...
Enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of gonorrhea.
Schachter, J, McCormack, W M, Smith, R F, Parks, R M, Bailey, R, Ohlin, A C
An enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Gonozyme [Abbott Laboratories]) for gonococcal antigen was assessed for the rapid diagnosis of gonorrhea. Patients attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics were...
Finn, M P, Ohlin, A, Schachter, J
Microimmunofluorescence methods used for detection of immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis are not available to many clinical laboratories. We evaluated a simple enzyme-linked...
Failure of serology in diagnosing chlamydial infections of the female genital tract.
Schachter, J, Cles, L, Ray, R, Hines, P A
Chlamydia trachomatis was recoved from 20% (36/180) of women attending a venereal disease clinic. All infected women had chlamydial antibodies in their serum and cervical secretions. However, the...
Gallo, D, Riggs, J L, Schachter, J, Emmons, R W
A microimmunofluorescence test was evaluated for use in measuring immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in infant sera to five of the agents implicated in congenital and neonatal disease. Pen point dots...
Continuing search for the etiology of cat scratch disease.
Emmons, R W, Riggs, J L, Schachter, J
Fifty cat scratch disease patients were tested for antibodies against candidate etiological agents, with inconclusive results. Future research should emphasize new viral isolation methods to discover...
Zhao, Q, Schachter, J, Stephens, R S
The major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) was sequenced for each of six Chlamydia psittaci (guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis [GPIC]) strains isolated from guinea pigs. Five of the isolates were...
Gamma interferon levels during Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in mice.
Williams, D M, Grubbs, B G, Schachter, J, Magee, D M
Host defense against murine Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis agent [MoPn]) in a murine model was investigated. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was produced in the lungs by both MoPn-susceptible...
Relative resistance to erythromycin in Chlamydia trachomatis.
Mourad, A, Sweet, R L, Sugg, N, Schachter, J
Recent Chlamydia trachomatis isolates were tested in a tissue culture system for susceptibility to tetracycline, erythromycin, rosaramicin, rifampin, and clindamycin. Rifampin was the most active...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a cytotoxin induced by murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Williams, D M, Bonewald, L F, Roodman, G D, Byrne, G I, Magee, D M, Schachter, J
A mouse model of pneumonia caused by murine Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis agent) was used to demonstrate that whole spleen cells from both nude athymic mice (nu/nu) and heterozygous mice...
Chlamydia trachomatis-induced production of interleukin-1 by human monocytes.
Rothermel, C D, Schachter, J, Lavrich, P, Lipsitz, E C, Francus, T
Human diseases caused by the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis include genital tract infections and blinding trachoma. Chlamydial infections are characterized by chronic inflammation and...
Failure to detect cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells.
Mice were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (L2/434) and at various intervals after infection their lymphoid cells were tested directly for cytotoxic activity against Chlamydia-infected L929 cells....
Caldwell, H D, Kromhout, J, Schachter, J
Elementary bodies (EB) of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes C, E, and L2 were extrinsically radioiodinated, and whole-cell lysates of these serotypes were compared by sodium dodecyl...
Serotyping of Chlamydia: isolates of bovine origin.
Schachter, J, Banks, J, Sugg, N, Sung, M, Storz, J, Meyer, K F
Chlamydial isolates of bovine origin were serotyped by a plaque reduction method. Of the two major serotypes observed, type 1 included isolates from bovine abortion and enteric infections, whereas...
Oh, J. O., Ostler, H. B., Schachter, J.
Live trachoma agent (TE55) injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye produced the following agent-specific ocular lesions: corneal opacity, corneal neovascularization, and iritis. Three...
Plaque Reduction Technique for Demonstrating Neutralizing Antibodies for Chlamydia
Banks, J., Eddie, B., Sung, M., Sugg, N., Schachter, J., Meyer, K. F.
Some members of the genus Chlamydia (Bedsonia or psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum-trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis group of microorganisms) produce plaques in monolayers of mouse fibroblast...
The microimmunofluorescence test with hyperimmune rooster sera against lymphogranuloma venereum strains gave the same serotype patterns obtained in the standard mouse serum system. Results in a...
Chernesky, M. A., Martin, D. H., Hook, E. W., Willis, D., Jordan, J., Wang, S., ...
A clinical evaluation was conducted in six North American centers to determine the ability of APTIMA CT (ACT) and APTIMA GC (AGC) nucleic acid amplification assays to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and...
Katzman, D. K., Tipton, A. C., Litt, I. F., Friedman, I. M., Emmons, R. W., Schachter, J.
Chlamydia pneumoniae has recently been identified as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections. From March 1987 to March 1988, 259 university students-151 students with lower respiratory tract...
Schachter, J., Hook, E. W., Martin, D. H., Willis, D., Fine, P., Fuller, D., ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended confirming positive screening tests for Chlamydia trachomatis when positive predictive values are
Rosser, R M, Birch, S, Bond, H, Denford, J, Schachter, J
Twenty-eight patients who were admitted consecutively to a single-adult unit of the Cassel Hospital in 1977/8 were followed up 5 years after discharge. Those who were found to have improved at the...
The relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and male infertility.
Greendale, G A, Haas, S T, Holbrook, K, Walsh, B, Schachter, J, Phillips, R S
OBJECTIVES. Infertility affects at least 2 million couples in the United States. One third of infertility is attributed to male causes, but the etiology of most male infertility remains obscure. This...
Yoneda, C., Dawson, C. R., Daghfous, T., Hoshiwara, I., Jones, P., Messadi, M., ...
Microscopical examination of 927 Giemsa-stained conjunctival smears from children with chronic trachoma in southern Tunisia showed 93 (10 per cent.) with typical trachoma (chlamydial) inclusions in...
Severe endemic trachoma in Tunisia.
Dawson, C. R., Daghfous, T., Messadi, M., Hoshiwara, I., Schachter, J.
In two villages in southern Tunisia where trachoma was endemic 7 per cent and 14 per cent of adults respectively had visual acuity of 20/400 or less. In both villages active trachoma affected most...
Courtright, P, Sheppard, J, Schachter, J, Said, M E, Dawson, C R
A population based survey of trachoma and blindness was conducted in a rural Nile Delta hamlet. Trachoma remains hyperendemic in this region. Active trachoma was common among preschool children; over...
Latrine ownership as a protective factor in inflammatory trachoma in Egypt.
Courtright, P, Sheppard, J, Lane, S, Sadek, A, Schachter, J, Dawson, C R
We investigated the association between inflammatory trachoma in children aged 1-5 and environmental and sociodemographic risk factors in a rural Nile Delta hamlet. Inflammatory trachoma clustered in...
Differential lung function in an infant with the Swyer-James syndrome.
Avital, A, Shulman, D L, Bar-Yishay, E, Noviski, N, Schachter, J, Krausz, Y, ...
A previously healthy two year old boy had an adenoviral infection at the age of 13 months and developed hyperlucency of the left lung, chronic respiratory distress, and failure to thrive....
Seroepidemiology of chlamydia in Costa Rica.
Vetter, K M, Barnes, R C, Oberle, M W, Rosero-Bixby, L, Schachter, J
A population-based study of the sero-epidemiology of chlamydia was performed among a nationally representative sample of 760 Costa Rican women aged 25 to 59 years. Interviews and sera collection were...
Familial hypothyroidism with autosomal dominant inheritance.
Mimouni, M, Mimouni-Bloch, A, Schachter, J, Shohat, M
Three generations of a family with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism caused by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) unresponsiveness are described. Findings were low to normal serum thyroxine,...
Deeper diagnosis. Multiple determinants of an illness experience.
This paper identifies the multiple determinants of a complex illness experience and describes the difficult process of diagnosis and management. The crucial coordination and integration role of the...
Immunodiagnosis of sexually transmitted disease.
Methods for detecting microbial antigens in clinical specimens offer an alternative to culture in the diagnosis of some sexually transmitted diseases. Developers of the immunologic methods are faced...
Chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases*
Schachter, J., Causse, G., Tarizzo, M. L.
Chlamydiae are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of human disease. The known geographical distribution of lymphogranuloma venereum and the role of chlamydiae as agents of sexually...
The use of cycloheximide-treated cells for isolating trachoma agents under field conditions*
Schachter, J., Dawson, C. R., Hoshiwara, I., Daghfous, T., Banks, J.
Standard procedures for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis require pretreatment of the tissue culture cells. We evaluated the use of cycloheximide, an antimetabolite that can be added to the...
Intermittent trachoma chemotherapy: a controlled trial of topical tetracycline or erythromycin*
Dawson, C. R., Daghfous, T., Whitcher, J., Messadi, M., Hoshiwara, T., Triki, F., ...
In communities with endemic blinding trachoma, mass (or ”blanket”) treatment with a topically applied tetracycline derivative is a standard control measure. The widely used ”intermittent”...
Chlamydiae as agents of human and animal diseases
Schachter, J., Storz, J., Tarizzo, M. L., Bögel, K.
A brief review is given of the properties, occurrence, and public health significance of chlamydiae in man and animals and of the diagnosis and control of chlamydial infections. Chlamydiae occur...
Laboratory diagnosis of trachoma: a collaborative study
Schachter, J., Mordhorst, C. H., Moore, B. W., Tarizzo, M. L.
A collaborative study on the laboratory diagnosis of trachoma was carried out in three laboratories. A standardized complement fixation (CF) test with chlamydial (bedsonial) group antigen was found...
Trachoma therapy with topical tetracycline and oral erythromycin: a comparative trial*
Dawson, C. R., Daghfous, T., Hoshiwara, I., Ramdhane, K., Kamoun, M., Yoneda, C., ...
Because topical antibiotic treatment has had a limited effect in previous controlled trials against trachoma, treatment with oral erythromycin was compared with topical tetracycline in 6-8-year-old...
Baral, K., Osaki, S., Shreshta, B., Panta, C. R., Boulter, A., Pang, F., ...
The WHO Alliance for Global Elimination of Trachoma by 2020 has increased the need to identify ocular chlamydial infections by clinical examination in areas of both high and low prevalence. The...
Comparison of two azithromycin distribution strategies for controlling trachoma in Nepal.
Holm, S. O., Jha, H. C., Bhatta, R. C., Chaudhary, J. S., Thapa, B. B., Davis, D., ...
OBJECTIVE: The study compares the effectiveness of two strategies for distributing azithromycin in an area with mild-to-moderate active trachoma in Nepal. METHODS: The two strategies investigated...
Immunotherapy of distant metastatic disease
Schadendorf, D., Algarra, S. M., Bastholt, L., Cinat, G., Dreno, B., Eggermont, A. M. M., ...
Immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma consists of various approaches leading to specific or non-specific immunomodulation. The use of FDA-approved interleukin (IL)-2 alone, in combination with...