Kinematics at the Edge of the Galactic Bulge: Evidence for Cylindrical Rotation (2009)
Howard, Christian D., Rich, R. Michael, Clarkson, Will, Mallery, Ryan, Kormendy, John, De Propris, Roberto, ...
We present new results from BRAVA, a large scale radial velocity survey of the Galactic bulge, using M giant stars selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalogue as targets for the Cerro...
An Improved Black Hole Mass - Bulge Luminosity Relationship for AGNs (2009)
Gaskell, C. Martin, Kormendy, John
Two effects have substantially increased the scatter in the AGN black hole mass - host galaxy bulge luminosity relationship derived from SDSS spectra. The first is that at a fixed black hole mass,...
Gultekin, Kayhan, Richstone, Douglas O., Gebhardt, Karl, Lauer, Tod R., Tremaine, Scott, Aller, M. C., ...
We derive improved versions of the relations between supermassive black hole mass (M_BH) and host-galaxy bulge velocity dispersion (sigma) and luminosity (L) (the M-sigma and M-L relations), based on...
Detection of a Distinct Pseudobulge Hidden Inside the "Box-Shaped Bulge" of NGC 4565 (2009)
Barentine, John C., Kormendy, John
N-body simulations show that "box-shaped bulges" of edge-on galaxies are not bulges at all: they are bars seen side-on. The two components that we readily see in edge-on Sb galaxies like NGC 4565 are...
A Quintet of Black Hole Mass Determinations (2009)
Gultekin, Kayhan, Richstone, Douglas O., Gebhardt, Karl, Lauer, Tod R., Pinkney, Jason, Aller, M. C., ...
We report five new measurements of central black hole masses based on STIS and WFPC2 observations with the Hubble Space Telescope and on axisymmetric, three-integral, Schwarzschild orbit-library...
High-dynamic-range surface photometry in a companion paper makes possible accurate measurement of the stellar light deficits L_def and mass deficits M_def associated with the cores of elliptical...
Structure and formation of elliptical and spheroidal galaxies (2009)
Kormendy, John, Fisher, David B., Cornell, Mark E., Bender, Ralf
The Elliptical-Spheroidal and Elliptical-Elliptical Galaxy Dichotomies (2008)
This paper summarizes Kormendy et al. (2009, ApJS, in press, arXiv:0810.1681). We confirm that spheroidal galaxies have fundamental plane correlations that are almost perpendicular to those for...
Kormendy, John, Fisher, David B.
Updating Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004, ARAA, 42, 603), we review internal secular evolution of galaxy disks. One consequence is the growth of pseudobulges that often are mistaken for true...
Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies (2008)
Kormendy, John, Fisher, David B., Cornell, Mark E., Bender, Ralf
New surface photometry of all known elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster is added to published data to derive composite profiles over large dynamic ranges. Sersic functions fit them remarkably...
Brightness distributions in compact and normal galaxies (2008)
NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. A study is made of three problems on luminosity distributions in galaxies: the...
A Stellar Dynamical Measurement of the Black Hole Mass in the Maser Galaxy NGC 4258 (2008)
Siopis, Christos, Gebhardt, Karl, Lauer, Tod R., Kormendy, John, Pinkney, Jason, Richstone, Douglas, ...
We determine the mass of the black hole at the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 4258 by constructing axisymmetric dynamical models of the galaxy. These models are constrained by high spatial...
Weinzirl, Tim, Jogee, Shardha, Khochfar, Sadegh, Burkert, Andreas, Kormendy, John
We use the bulge Sersic index n and bulge-to-total ratio (B/T) to explore the fundamental question of how bulges form. We perform 2D bulge-disk-bar decomposition on H-band images of 143 bright, high...
Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: III. 'Core' Ellipticals and 'Missing' Light (2008)
Hopkins, Philip F., Lauer, Tod R., Cox, Thomas J., Hernquist, Lars, Kormendy, John
We investigate how 'extra' central light in the surface brightness profiles of cusp ellipticals relates to the profiles of ellipticals with cores. Cusp elliptical envelopes are formed by violent...
Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: II. 'Cusp' Ellipticals (2008)
Hopkins, Philip F., Cox, Thomas J., Dutta, Suvendra N., Hernquist, Lars, Kormendy, John, Lauer, Tod R.
We study the origin and properties of 'extra' or 'excess' central light in the surface brightness profiles of cusp or power-law ellipticals. Dissipational mergers give rise to two-component profiles:...
Axisymmetric, 3-Integral Models of Galaxies: A Massive Black Hole in NGC 3379 (2007)
Karl Gebhardt, Douglas Richstone, John Kormendy, Tod R. Lauer, Edward A. Ajhar, Ralf Bender, ...
We fit axisymmetric, 3-integral dynamical models to NGC 3379 using HST/FOS spectra of the galaxy center and ground-based long-slit spectroscopy along four position angles, with the light distribution...
Theta Black Hole, John Kormendy, Ralf Bender, Aaron S. Evans
This paper is a study of the mass distribution in the central 35 00 ' 1.7 kpc of the E5 galaxy NGC 3377. Stellar rotation velocity and velocity dispersion profiles (seeing oe = 0. 00 20 -- 0. 00...
. Elliptical galaxies are divided into two types: galaxies with steep profiles that show no breaks in slope or that have extra light at small radii compared to a S'ersic function fit and...
RevMexAA (Serie de Conferencias), 10, 69-78 (2001) (2007)
Supermassive Black Holes, John Kormendy
Dynamical searches nd central dark objects | candidate supermassive black holes (BHs) | in 22 galaxies. Their demographics lead to the following conclusions: (1) BH mass is consistent with...
RevMexAA (Serie de Conferencias), 10, 69--78 (2001) (2007)
Supermassive Black Holes, John Kormendy
Dynamical searches find central dark objects --- candidate supermassive black holes (BHs) --- in 22 galaxies. Their demographics lead to the following conclusions: (1) BH mass is consistent with...
The Black Hole Mass and Extreme Orbital Structure in NGC1399 (2007)
Gebhardt, Karl, Lauer, Tod R., Pinkney, Jason, Bender, Ralf, Richstone, Douglas, Aller, Monique, ...
The largest galaxies, and in particular central galaxies in clusters, offer unique insight into understanding the mechanism for the growth of nuclear black holes. We present Hubble Space Telescope...
Internal Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies: The Growth of Pseudobulges (2007)
Observational and theoretical evidence that internal, slow ("secular") evolution reshapes galaxy disks is reviewed in Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004, ARAA, 42, 603). This update has three aims. First, I...
The Centers of Early-Type Galaxies with HST. VI. Bimodal Central Surface Brightness Profiles (2006)
Lauer, Tod R., Gebhardt, Karl, Faber, S. M., Richstone, Douglas, Tremaine, Scott, Kormendy, John, ...
We combine the results from several HST investigations of the central structure of early-type galaxies to generate a large sample of parameterized surface photometry. The studies included were those...
Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei (2006)
Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei
Lauer, Tod R., Faber, S. M., Richstone, Douglas, Gebhardt, Karl, Tremaine, Scott, Postman, Marc, ...
Black hole masses predicted from the Mbh-sigma relationship conflict with those predicted from the Mbh-L relationship for the most luminous galaxies, such as brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). This...
John Kormendy, David B. Fisher
Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies: The Growth of Pseudobulges and Problems for Cold Dark Matter Galaxy Formation
Pseudobulges in the Disk Galaxies NGC 7690 and NGC 4593 (2006)
Kormendy, John, Cornell, Mark E., Block, David L., Knapen, Johan H., Allard, Emma L.
We present Ks-band surface photometry of NGC 7690 (Hubble type Sab) and NGC 4593 (SBb). We find that, in both galaxies, a major part of the "bulge" is as flat as the disk and has approximately the...
Bender, Ralf, Kormendy, John, Bower, Gary, Green, Richard, Thomas, Jens, Danks, Anthony C., ...
We present HST spectroscopy of the nucleus of M31 obtained with STIS. Spectra taken around the CaT lines at 8500 see only the red giants in the double bright- ness peaks P1 and P2. In contrast,...
Kormendy, John, Fisher, David B.
We review internal secular evolution in galaxy disks -- the fundamental process by which isolated disks evolve. We concentrate on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical,...
The Centers of Early-Type Galaxies with HST. V. New WFPC2 Photometry (2004)
Lauer, Tod R., Faber, S. M., Gebhardt, Karl, Richstone, Douglas, Tremaine, Scott, Ajhar, Edward A., ...
We analyze HST+WFPC2 images of 77 early-type galaxies. Brightness profiles are classed into "core" or "power-law" forms. Cores are typically rounder than power-law galaxies. Nearly all power-laws...
Secular Evolution and the Growth of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies (2004)
Kormendy, John, Cornell, Mark E.
Galaxy evolution is in transition from an early universe dominated by hierarchical clustering to a future dominated by secular processes. These result from interactions involving collective phenomena...
Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies (2004)
Kormendy, John, Kennicutt Jr, Robert C.
We review internal processes of secular evolution in galaxy disks, concentrating on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly out...
Scaling Laws for Dark Matter Halos in Late-Type and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies (2004)
Kormendy, John, Freeman, K. C.
Maximum disk mass models fitted to galaxy rotation curves are used to show that dark matter (DM) halos in late-type and dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies satisfy well defined scaling laws. Halos in...
Black Hole Mass Determinations From Orbit Superposition Models are Reliable (2004)
Richstone, Douglas, Gebhardt, Karl, Aller, Monique, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, Dressler, Alan, ...
We show that orbit-superposition dynamical models (Schwarzschild's method) provide reliable estimates of nuclear black hole masses and errors when constructed from adequate orbit libraries and...
Kinematics of Ten Early-Type Galaxies from HST and Ground-Based Spectroscopy (2003)
Pinkney, Jason, Gebhardt, Karl, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, Dressler, Alan, Faber, S. M., ...
We present stellar kinematics for a sample of 10 early-type galaxies observed using the STIS aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Modular Spectrograph on the MDM Observatory 2.4-m telescope....
The Stellar-Dynamical Search for Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei (2003)
The robustness of stellar-dynamical black hole (BH) mass measurements is illustrated using 7 galaxies that have results from independent groups. Derived masses have remained constant to a factor of...
Axisymmetric Dynamical Models Of The Central Regions Of Galaxies (2003)
Karl Gebhardt, Douglas Richstone, Scott Tremaine, Tod R. Lauer, Ralf Bender, Alan Dressler, ...
We present axisymmetric, orbit superposition models for 12 galaxies using data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based observatories. In each galaxy, we detect a central black...
Axisymmetric Dynamical Models of the Central Regions of Galaxies (2002)
Gebhardt, Karl, Richstone, Douglas, Tremaine, Scott, Lauer, Tod R., Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, ...
We present axisymmetric, orbit superposition models for 12 galaxies using data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based observatories. In each galaxy, we detect a central black...
Galaxies with a Central Minimum in Stellar Luminosity Density (2002)
Lauer, Tod R., Gebhardt, Karl, Richstone, Douglas, Tremaine, Scott, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, ...
We used HST WFPC2 images to identify six early-type galaxies with surface- brightness profiles that decrease inward over a limited range of radii near their centers. The implied luminosity density...
The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation (2002)
Tremaine, Scott, Gebhardt, Karl, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, Dressler, Alan, Faber, S. M., ...
Observations of nearby galaxies reveal a strong correlation between the mass of the central dark object M and the velocity dispersion sigma of the host galaxy, of the form log(M/M_sun) = a +...
Tod Lauer National, Tod R. Lauer, Karl Gebhardt, Scott Tremaine, Ralf Bender, Gary Bower, ...
We used Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images to identify six early-type galaxies with surface-brightness profiles that decrease inward over a limited range of radii near their centers. The implied...
The Slope of the Black-Hole Mass versus Velocity Dispersion Correlation (2002)
Scott Tremaine, Karl Gebhardt, Ralf Bender, Gary Bower, Alan Dressler, S. M. Faber, ...
Observations of nearby galaxies reveal a strong correlation between the mass of the central dark object M . and the velocity dispersion # of the host galaxy, of the form log(M . /M# ) = # + # log(#/#...
The Nuclear Disk in the Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4486A (2001)
Kormendy, John, Gebhardt, Karl, Macchetto, F. Duccio, Sparks, W. B.
Many ellipticals contain nuclear disks of dust and gas. Some ellipticals contain nuclear disks of stars that are distinct from the rest of the galaxy. We show that the dwarf E2 galaxy NGC 4486A...
M33: A Galaxy with No Supermassive Black Hole (2001)
Gebhardt, Karl, Lauer, Tod R., Kormendy, John, Pinkney, Jason, Bower, Gary A., Green, Richard, ...
Galaxies that contain bulges appear to contain central black holes whose masses correlate with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no corresponding relationship applies in the pure...
Supermassive Black Holes in Nuclei of Galaxies (2001)
Kormendy, John, Gebhardt, Karl
We review the motivation and search for supermassive black holes (BHs) in galaxies. Energetic nuclear activity provides indirect but compelling evidence for BH engines. Ground-based dynamical...
Supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei (2001)
Dynamical searches nd central dark objects | candidate supermassive black holes (BHs) | in 22 galaxies. Their demographics lead to the following conclusions: (1) BH mass is consistent with...
Monsters at the Heart of Galaxy Formation (2000)
Surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope find supermassive black holes (BHs) of 10**6 to 10**9.5 solar masses in every galaxy that has an elliptical-galaxy-like "bulge" component. BHs appear to be...
Supermassive Black Holes in Disk Galaxies (2000)
Dynamical searches find central dark objects - candidate supermassive black holes (BHs) - in at least 34 galaxies. The demographics of these objects lead to the following conclusions: (1) BH mass...
Black Hole Mass Estimates from Reverberation Mapping and from Spatially Resolved Kinematics (2000)
Gebhardt, Karl, Kormendy, John, Ho, Luis, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, Dressler, Alan, ...
Black hole (BH) masses that have been measured by reverberation mapping in active galaxies fall significantly below the correlation between bulge luminosity and BH mass determined from spatially...
A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion (2000)
Gebhardt, Karl, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, Dressler, Alan, Faber, S. M., Filippenko, Alexei V., ...
We describe a correlation between the mass M_BH of a galaxy's central black hole and the luminosity-weighted line-of-sight velocity dispersion sigma_e within the half-light radius. The result is...
Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei (2000)
This article gives a brief overview of the direct and indirect evidence in support of the standard paradigm that active galactic nuclei are powered by supermassive black holes.
Supermassive Black Holes in Inactive Galaxies (2000)
This article discusses stellar dynamical evidence for supermassive black holes in inactive and weakly active galaxies.
Black Hole Mass Estimates from Reverberation Mapping and from Spatially Resolved Kinematics (2000)
Karl Gebhardt, John Kormendy, Luis C. Ho, Ralf Bender, Gary Bower, Alan Dressler, ...
Black hole (BH) masses that have been measured by reverberation mapping in active galaxies fall significantly below the correlation between bulge luminosity and BH mass determined from spatially...
A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass And Galaxy Velocity Dispersion (2000)
Karl Gebhardt, Ralf Bender, Alan Dressler, S. M. Faber, Alexei V, Richard Green, ...
We describe a correlation between the mass M of a galaxy's central black hole and the luminosity-weighted line-of-sight velocity dispersion e within the half-light radius. The result is based on...
Axisymmetric, 3-Integral Models of Galaxies: A Massive Black Hole in NGC3379 (1999)
Gebhardt, Karl, Richstone, Douglas, Kormendy, John, Lauer, Tod, Ajhar, Edward, Bender, Ralf, ...
We fit axisymmetric 3-integral dynamical models to NGC3379 using the line-of-sight velocity distribution obtained from HST/FOS spectra of the galaxy center and ground-based long-slit spectroscopy...
HST ultraviolet spectral energy distributions for three ultraluminous infrared galaxies (1999)
Trentham, Neil, Kormendy, John, Sanders, David
We present HST Faint Object Camera ultraviolet (230 nm and 140 nm) images of three ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIG: L_ir > 10^12 L_sun) selected from the IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample. The...
Kormendy, John, Bender, Ralf, Evans, Aaron S., Richstone, Douglas
We have measured the mass distribution in the central 35" = 1.7 kpc of the E5 galaxy NGC 3377. Stellar rotation velocity and velocity dispersion profiles (seeing sigma_* = 0.20 - 0.56 arcsec) and...
The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres (1997)
Magorrian, John, Tremaine, Scott, Richstone, Douglas, Bender, Ralf, Bower, Gary, Dressler, Alan, ...
We construct dynamical models for a sample of 36 nearby galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope photometry and ground-based kinematics. The models assume that each galaxy is axisymmetric, with a...
Spectroscopic Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 4486B (1997)
Kormendy, John, Bender, Ralf, Magorrian, John, Tremaine, Scott, Gebhardt, Karl, Richstone, Douglas, ...
The stellar kinematics of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 4486B have been measured in seeing sigma_* = .22 arcsec with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Lauer et al. 1996, ApJ, 471, L79 have shown...
The Centers of Early-Type Galaxies with HST. IV. Central Parameter Relations (1996)
Faber, S. M., Tremaine, Scott, Ajhar, Edward A., Byun, Yong-Ik, Dressler, Alan, Gebhardt, Karl, ...
We analyze Hubble Space Telescope surface-brightness profiles of 61 elliptical galaxies and spiral bulges (hot galaxies). Luminous hot galaxies have cuspy cores with steep outer power-law profiles...
Gebhardt, Karl, Richstone, Douglas, Ajhar, Edward, Lauer, Tod, Byun, Yong-Ik, Kormendy, John, ...
We have non-parametrically determined the luminosity density profiles and their logarithmic slopes for 42 early-type galaxies observed with HST. Assuming that the isodensity contours are spheroidal,...
Brightness distributions in compact and normal galaxies (1976)
NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. A study is made of three problems on luminosity distributions in galaxies: the...