Joseph L. Gastwirth

Publication List Details

Period

0000 - 2009

Number

71

Co-Authors

Issues in the use of survival analysis to estimate damages in equal employment cases (2009)

Pan, Qing, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

After plaintiffs prevail in employment discrimination cases, courts need to estimate the compensation they deserve. This issue arose after a defendant was found to have discriminated against job...

The effect of dependence between observations on the proper interpretation of statistical evidence (2009)

Gel, Yulia R., Miao, Weiwen, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In a recent securities law case, the statistical methods used by the regulator in analysing data on daily commissions and hypothetical profits from initial public offerings (IPOs) assumed that the...

Formal statistical analysis of the data in disparate impact cases provides sounder inferences than the U. S. government's 'four-fifths' rule: an examination of the statistical evidence in Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Miao, Weiwen

Many countries have fair employment laws to protect racial, gender, religious or ethnic minorities from discrimination and courts in the USA can order remedies such as one out of every three new...

lawstat: An R Package for Law, Public Policy and Biostatistics (2008)

Wallace Hui, Yulia R. Gel, Joseph L. Gastwirth

We present a new R software package lawstat that contains statistical tests and procedures that are utilized in various litigations on securities law, antitrust law, equal employment and...

Case comment: an expert's report criticizing plaintiff's failure to account for multiple comparisons is deemed admissible in EEOC v.Autozone (2008)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In its opinions in Daubert, Joiner and Kumho Tire, the U.S. Supreme Court assigned trial judges a ‘gate-keeping’ role in assuring that proposed expert testimony is sufficiently reliable that it...

The U.S. Supreme Court finds a statute's description of a simple statistical measure of relative disparity 'ambiguous' allowing the Secretary of Education to interpret the formula: Zuni Public School District 89 v. U.S. Department of Education II (2008)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

The degree of deference courts give to the interpretation of a statute made by the government agency administering it arises in a variety of legal contexts. This spring the U.S. Supreme Court decided...

A 60 million dollar statistical issue arising in the interpretation and calculation of a measure of relative disparity: Zuni Public School District 89 v. U.S. Department of Education (2007)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In 1994, the U.S. Congress rewrote the statute providing educational funds to towns and cities of the nation where the federal government owns substantial amounts of land, which cannot be taxed...

R-Estimates vs. GMM: A Theoretical Case Study of Validity and Efficiency (2007)

Small, Dylan S., Gastwirth, Joseph L., Krieger, Abba M., Rosenbaum, Paul R.

What role should assumptions play in inference? We present a small theoretical case study of a simple, clean case, namely the nonparametric comparison of two continuous distributions using...

A 60 million dollar statistical issue arising in the interpretation and calculation of a measure of relative disparity: Zuni Public School District 89 v. U.S. Department of Education (2007)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In 1994, the U.S. Congress rewrote the statute providing educational funds to towns and cities of the nation where the federal government owns substantial amounts of land, which cannot be taxed...

A 60 million dollar statistical issue arising in the interpretation and calculation of a measure of relative disparity: Zuni Public School District 89 v. U.S. Department of Education (2007)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In 1994, the U.S. Congress rewrote the statute providing educational funds to towns and cities of the nation where the federal government owns substantial amounts of land, which cannot be taxed...

Comparison of robust tests for genetic association using case-control studies (2006)

Zheng, Gang, Freidlin, Boris, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In genetic studies of complex diseases, the underlying mode of inheritance is often not known. Thus, the most powerful test or other optimal procedure for one model, e.g. recessive, may be quite...

R-Estimates vs. GMM: A Theoretical Case Study of Validity and Efficiency (2006)

Small, Dylan S., Gastwirth, Joseph L., Krieger, Abba M., Rosenbaum, Paul R.

What role should assumptions play in inference? We present a small theoretical case study of a simple, clean case, namely the nonparametric comparison of two continuous distributions using...

Case comment--Boncher v. Brown County: the need for an appropriate comparison of suicide rates (2006)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

This case concerns the level of supervision a local government needs to provide for inmates of jails who may have an increased risk of committing suicide. An expert noted that the number of suicides...

Bayesian inference for prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy based on dual-pooled screening (2006)

Hanson, Timothy E., Johnson, Wesley O., Gastwirth, Joseph L.

We propose a useful protocol for the problem of screening populations for low-prevalence characteristics such as HIV or drugs. Current HIV screening of blood that has been donated for transfusion...

Case comment--Boncher v. Brown County: the need for an appropriate comparison of suicide rates (2006)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

This case concerns the level of supervision a local government needs to provide for inmates of jails who may have an increased risk of committing suicide. An expert noted that the number of suicides...

and (2005)

Timothy E. Hanson, Wesley O. Johnson, Joseph L. Gastwirth

0 We propose a useful protocol for the problem of screening populations for low prevalence characteristics such as HIV or drugs. Current HIV screening of blood that has been donated for transfusion...

Statistical methods for assessing the fairness of the allocation of shares in initial public offerings (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Bura, Efstathia, Modarres, Reza

In the late 1990s the stocks of technology companies, especially those involved with the Internet, were highly profitable. Customers of investment firms requested many more shares of new issues or...

Case comment: statistical tests for the analysis of data on peremptory challenges: clarifying the standard of proof needed to establish a prima facie case of discrimination in Johnson v. California (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In a recent opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court considered statistical data and discussed the statistical disparity between the proportions of Black and White potential jurors who were challenged by the...

Sensitivity analysis for trend tests: application to the risk of radiation exposure (2005)

Yu, Binbing, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

Trend tests are used to assess the relationship between multiple level treatment X and binary response R. In observational studies, however, there may be a confounder U that is associated with...

Statistical methods for assessing the fairness of the allocation of shares in initial public offerings (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Bura, Efstathia, Modarres, Reza

In the late 1990s the stocks of technology companies, especially those involved with the Internet, were highly profitable. Customers of investment firms requested many more shares of new issues or...

Case comment: statistical tests for the analysis of data on peremptory challenges: clarifying the standard of proof needed to establish a prima facie case of discrimination in Johnson v. California (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In a recent opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court considered statistical data and discussed the statistical disparity between the proportions of Black and White potential jurors who were challenged by the...

Case comment--Boncher v. Brown County: the need for an appropriate comparison of suicide rates (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

This case concerns the level of supervision a local government needs to provide for inmates of jails who may have an increased risk of committing suicide. An expert noted that the number of suicides...

Bayesian inference for prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy based on dual pooled screening (2005)

Hanson, Timothy E., Johnson, Wesley O., Gastwirth, Joseph L.

We propose a useful protocol for the problem of screening populations for low prevalence characteristics such as HIV or drugs. Current HIV screening of blood that has been donated for transfusion...

Some issues arising in the presentation of statistical testimony (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

This article describes some special problems facing expert witnesses presenting statistical evidence when they testify in court. Since the legal system, especially in civil cases, serves as a dispute...

Statistical methods for assessing the fairness of the allocation of shares in initial public offerings (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Bura, Efstathia, Modarres, Reza

In the late 1990s the stocks of technology companies, especially those involved with the Internet, were highly profitable. Customers of investment firms requested many more shares of new issues or...

Case comment: statistical tests for the analysis of data on peremptory challenges: clarifying the standard of proof needed to establish a prima facie case of discrimination in Johnson v. California (2005)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In a recent opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court considered statistical data and discussed the statistical disparity between the proportions of Black and White potential jurors who were challenged by the...

A re-examination of the 1966 Kalven-Zeisel study of judge-jury agreements and disagreements and their causes (2004)

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Sinclair, Michael D.

The classic study, The American Jury, by Kalven and Zeisel showed that trial judges agreed with juries in criminal cases about 75% to 80% of the time. Kalven and Zeisel observed that fewer...

Statistical Issues Arising in Disparate Impact Cases and the Use of the Expectancy Curve in Assessing the Validity of Pre-Employment Tests (2003)

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Miao, Weiwen, Zheng, Gang

Disparate impact cases concern the potential adverse effect seemingly neutral employment practices, such as passing a pre-employment test or possessing a fixed level of education, have on minority...

Introduction (2003)

Balding, David J., Gastwirth, Joseph L.

The word "statistics" derives from the collection and use of data to assist in the administration of a state (nation). The justice system is one of the fundamental pillars of a state, and is central...

The need for careful evaluation of epidemiological evidence in product liablility cases: a reexamination of Wells v. Ortho and Key Pharmaceuticals (2003)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

Epidemiological studies indicating whether or not a product or chemical is related to a specific harm often are submitted as evidence in product liability and toxic tort litigation. Due to the...

Screening without a "Gold Standard": The Hui-Walter Paradigm Revisited (2001)

Johnson, Wesley O., Gastwirth, Joseph L., Pearson, Larry M.

The authors consider screening populations with two screening tests but where a definitive “gold standard” is not readily available. They discuss a recent article in which a Bayesian approach to...

ON ASYMPTOTICALLY ROBUST COMPETITORS OF THE ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST. (1998)

Bloch,Daniel A., Gastwirth,Joseph L.

Although the t-test is one of the most commonly used statistical procedures, its behavior is somewhat sensitive to the assumption that the observations come from a normal distribution. Recently, it...

ON ROBUST LINEAR ESTIMATORS. (1998)

Gastwirth,Joseph L., Rubin,Herman

The problem of finding robust estimators for the location parameter of symmetric unimodal distributions has been the subject of much recent research. This paper is concerned with finding robust...

THE BEHAVIOR OF ROBUST ESTIMATORS ON DEPENDENT DATA, (1998)

Rubin,Herman, Gastwirth,Joseph L.

The report studies the effect of serial dependence on the efficiency of various robust estimators of the location parameter. In order to show that the asymptotic distribution of these estimators is a...

On Bounding Moments from Group Data. (1998)

Gastwirth,Joseph L., Krieger,Abba M.

In the course of a study of income inequality one of the authors obtained bounds on the mean difference of a distribution from data grouped in intervals where the mean of each group is given. The...

Dual and simultaneous sensitivity analysis for matched pairs (1998)

GASTWIRTH, JOSEPH L., KRIEGER, ABBA M., ROSENBAUM, PAUL R.

When a study shows an association between a treatment and a response, before concluding that there is a causal relationship it is useful to assess whether or not an unobserved variable, U, might...

On classical tests of normality (1977)

GASTWIRTH, JOSEPH L., OWENS, M. E. B.

Geary studied the use of kurtosis and skewness statistics in testing for normality. The general asymptotic distribution of a class of statistics is derived in this paper, yielding a result which...

A graphical summary of disparities in health care and related summary measures (0000)

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In order to assess the effectiveness of government programs designed to reduce disparities in the health care minority groups receive relative to the majority white population, a proper statistical...

Robust Genomic Control for Association Studies

Zheng, Gang, Freidlin, Boris, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

Population-based case-control studies are a useful method to test for a genetic association between a trait and a marker. However, the analysis of the resulting data can be affected by population...

A Cautionary Note on Estimating the Standard Error of the Gini Index of Inequality

Reza Modarres, Joseph L. Gastwirth

We will show that the regression approach to estimating the standard error of the Gini index can produce incorrect results as it does not account for the correlations introduced in the error terms...

Robust Genomic Control for Association Studies

Zheng, Gang, Freidlin, Boris, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

Population-based case-control studies are a useful method to test for a genetic association between a trait and a marker. However, the analysis of the resulting data can be affected by population...

Changepoint Tests Designed for the Analysis of Hiring Data Arising in Employment Discrimination Cases.

Freidlin, Boris, Gastwirth, Joseph L

When a complaint of discrimination is made, an employer may respond by hiring more minorities. From a legal viewpoint, the practices in effect during the time period prior to the complaint are more...

The Use of Diversity Analysis to Assess the Relative Influence of Factors Affecting the Income Distribution.

Nayak, Tapan K, Gastwirth, Joseph L

This article uses diversity measures based on quadratic entropy to analyze the relative effects of factors such as age, sex, and education on the income distribution. In particular, sex appears to be...

A robust modification of the Jarque-Bera test of normality

Gel, Yulia R., Gastwirth, Joseph L.

We propose a new robust Jarque-Bera (RJB) test utilizing a robust measure of variance. The RJB statistic is asymptotically [chi]22-distributed and has equal or higher power than the JB test for...

On the Fisher information in randomly censored data

Zheng, Gang, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

After expressing the Fisher information in randomly censored data in terms of hazard rates, we examine the loss of Fisher information under the Koziol-Green random censoring model. Because the same...

A modified runs test for symmetry

Modarres, Reza, Gastwirth, Joseph L.

We present a modification of a recently proposed test of symmetry about a known center. The new test uses Wilcoxon scores to weigh the runs and has a limiting normal distribution under the null...

Testing the homogeneity of small error rates: application to the sensitivity of different Elisa tests for aids antibodies

Gastwirth, Joseph L., Johnson, Wesley O.

This note develops modifications of the chi-square and maximum likelihood tests for the homogeneity of the success probabilities pi of k binomial variables when the number of trials, ni, vary widely...

Excess false positive rate caused by population stratification and disease rate heterogeneity in case-control association studies

Li, Zhaohai, Zhang, Hong, Zheng, Gang, Gastwirth, Joseph L., Gail, Mitchell H.

Case-control association studies using unrelated cases and controls may suffer from potential confounding due to population stratification. Bias and variance distortion caused by population...

lawstat: An R Package for Law, Public Policy and Biostatistics

Joseph L. Gastwirth

We present a new R software package lawstat that contains statistical tests and procedures that are utilized in various litigations on securities law, antitrust law, equal employment and...

A graphical summary of disparities in health care and related summary measures

Gastwirth, Joseph L.

In order to assess the effectiveness of government programs designed to reduce disparities in the health care minority groups receive relative to the majority white population, a proper statistical...