Julian Parkhill

The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophiliareveals an organism heavily shielded by drug resistance determinants (2008)

Crossman, Lisa C, Gould, Virginia C, Dow, J Maxwell, Vernikos, Georgios S, Okazaki, Aki, Sebaihia, Mohammed, ...

Abstract Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the Xanthomonadaceae. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to...

Ankyrin repeat domain-encoding genes in the wPip strain of Wolbachiafrom the Culex pipiensgroup (2007)

Walker, Thomas, Klasson, Lisa, Sebaihia, Mohammed, Sanders, Mandy J, Thomson, Nicholas R, Parkhill, Julian, ...

Abstract Background Wolbachia are obligate endosymbiotic bacteria maternally transmitted through the egg cytoplasm that are responsible for several reproductive disorders in their insect hosts, such...

Re-annotation and re-analysis of the Campylobacter jejuniNCTC11168 genome sequence (2007)

Gundogdu, Ozan, Bentley, Stephen D, Holden, Matt T, Parkhill, Julian, Dorrell, Nick, Wren, Brendan W

Abstract Background Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the developed world. To improve our understanding of this important human pathogen, the C. jejuni...

Genetic flux over time in the Salmonellalineage (2007)

Vernikos, Georgios S, Thomson, Nicholas R, Parkhill, Julian

Abstract Background DNA sequences that are shared between closely related organisms while being absent from their common ancestor and from sister lineages of that ancestor are likely to have been...

Meningococcal genetic variation mechanisms viewed through comparative analysis of serogroup C strain FAM18 (2007)

Bentley, Stephen D., Vernikos, George S., Snyder, Lori A. S., Churcher, Carol, Arrowsmith, Claire, Chillingworth, Tracey, ...

The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis is commonly found harmlessly colonising the mucosal surfaces of the human nasopharynx. Occasionally strains can invade host tissues causing septicaemia and...

The genome of Rhizobium leguminosarumhas recognizable core and accessory components (2006)

Young, J Peter W, Crossman, Lisa C, Johnston, Andrew WB, Thomson, Nicholas R, Ghazoui, Zara F, Hull, Katherine H, ...

Abstract Background Rhizobium leguminosarum is an α-proteobacterial N 2 -fixing symbiont of legumes that has been the subject of more than a thousand publications. Genes for the symbiotic...

Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis (2004)

Achtman,Mark, Morelli,Giovanna, Zhu,Peixuan X., Wirth,Thierry, Diehl,Ines, Kusecek,Barica, ...

The association of historical plague pandemics with Yersinia pestis remains controversial, partly because the evolutionary history of this largely monomorphic bacterium was unknown. The...

Comparative analysis of the genome sequences of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica (2003)

Parkhill,Julian, Sebaihia,Mohammed, Preston,Andrew, Murphy,Lee D., Thomson,Nicholas, Harris,David E., ...

Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are closely related Gram-negative -proteobacteria that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. B. pertussis is a...

Yersinia pestis pFra Shows Biovar-Specific Differences and Recent Common Ancestry with a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Plasmid

Prentice, Michael B., James, Keith D., Parkhill, Julian, Baker, Stephen G., Stevens, Kim, Simmonds, Mark N., ...

Population genetic studies suggest that Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a clonal pathogen that has recently emerged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Plasmid acquisition is likely to have...

Genetic Basis for Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Biosynthesis in Bordetellae

Preston, Andrew, Allen, Andrew G., Cadisch, Joanna, Thomas, Richard, Stevens, Kim, Churcher, Carol M., ...

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis express a surface polysaccharide, attached to a lipopolysaccharide, which has been called O antigen. This structure is absent from Bordetella...

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Possesses a Unique Repertoire of Fimbrial Gene Sequences

Townsend, Stacy M., Kramer, Naomi E., Edwards, Robert, Baker, Stephen, Hamlin, Nancy, Simmonds, Mark, ...

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi differs from nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes by its strict host adaptation to humans and higher primates. Since fimbriae have been implicated in host adaptation,...

Comparison of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome with sampled genomes of a Klebsiella pneumoniae and three Salmonella enterica serovars, Typhimurium, Typhi and Paratyphi

McClelland, Michael, Florea, Liliana, Sanderson, Ken, Clifton, Sandra W., Parkhill, Julian, Churcher, Carol, ...

The Escherichia coli K-12 genome (ECO) was compared with the sampled genomes of the sibling species Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium, Typhi and Paratyphi A (collectively referred to as SAL)...

Complete Sequence and Organization of pBtoxis, the Toxin-Coding Plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Berry, Colin, O'Neil, Susan, Ben-Dov, Eitan, Jones, Andrew F., Murphy, Lee, Quail, Michael A., ...

The entire 127,923-bp sequence of the toxin-encoding plasmid pBtoxis from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is presented and analyzed. In addition to the four known Cry and two known Cyt...

The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis

Garnier, Thierry, Eiglmeier, Karin, Camus, Jean-Christophe, Medina, Nadine, Mansoor, Huma, Pryor, Melinda, ...

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in a range of animal species and man, with worldwide annual losses to agriculture of $3 billion. The human burden of tuberculosis caused by...

Composition, Acquisition, and Distribution of the Vi Exopolysaccharide-Encoding Salmonella enterica Pathogenicity Island SPI-7

Pickard, Derek, Wain, John, Baker, Stephen, Line, Alexandra, Chohan, Sonia, Fookes, Maria, ...

Vi capsular polysaccharide production is encoded by the viaB locus, which has a limited distribution in Salmonella enterica serovars. In S. enterica serovar Typhi, viaB is encoded on a 134-kb...

Molecular Analysis of incHI1 Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids from Salmonella Serovar Typhi Strains Associated with Typhoid Fever

Wain, John, Diem Nga, L. T., Kidgell, Claire, James, Keith, Fortune, Sarah, Song Diep, To, ...

The first outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid fever in Vietnam was in 1993, and by 1995 nearly 90% of cases were MDR. Plasmid HCM1, sequenced in full, is an incHI1 plasmid from Salmonella...

GeneDB: a resource for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, Peacock, Chris S., Wood, Valerie, Aslett, Martin, Kerhornou, Arnaud, Mooney, Paul, ...

GeneDB (http://www.genedb.org/) is a genome database for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The resource provides a portal through which data generated by the Pathogen Sequencing Unit at the...

Whole Genome Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni Human Isolates Using a Low-Cost Microarray Reveals Extensive Genetic Diversity

Dorrell, Nick, Mangan, Joseph A., Laing, Kenneth G., Hinds, Jason, Linton, Dennis, Al-Ghusein, Hasan, ...

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. Whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 C....

Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Bordetella Bacteriophages Encoding Reverse Transcriptase-Mediated Tropism-Switching Cassettes

Liu, Minghsun, Gingery, Mari, Doulatov, Sergei R., Liu, Yichin, Hodes, Asher, Baker, Stephen, ...

Liu et al. recently described a group of related temperate bacteriophages that infect Bordetella subspecies and undergo a unique template-dependent, reverse transcriptase-mediated tropism switching...

The Burkholderia cepacia Epidemic Strain Marker Is Part of a Novel Genomic Island Encoding Both Virulence and Metabolism-Associated Genes in Burkholderia cenocepacia

Baldwin, Adam, Sokol, Pamela A., Parkhill, Julian, Mahenthiralingam, Eshwar

The Burkholderia cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM) is a useful epidemiological marker for virulent B. cenocepacia strains that infect patients with cystic fibrosis. However, there was no...

Variation in the Effectors of the Type III Secretion System among Photorhabdus Species as Revealed by Genomic Analysis

Brugirard-Ricaud, Karine, Givaudan, Alain, Parkhill, Julian, Boemare, Noel, Kunst, Frank, Zumbihl, Robert, ...

Entomopathogenic bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus harbor a type III secretion system. This system was probably acquired prior to the separation of the species within this genus. Furthermore, the...

Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance

Holden, Matthew T. G., Feil, Edward J., Lindsay, Jodi A., Peacock, Sharon J., Day, Nicholas P. J., Enright, Mark C., ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen. Its genetic plasticity has facilitated the evolution of many virulent and drug-resistant strains, presenting a major...

Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei

Holden, Matthew T. G., Titball, Richard W., Peacock, Sharon J., Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M., Atkins, Timothy, Crossman, Lisa C., ...

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. This Gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world...

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Conjugative Tetracycline Resistance Plasmid pFBAOT6, a Member of a Group of IncU Plasmids with Global Ubiquity

Rhodes, Glenn, Parkhill, Julian, Bird, Christine, Ambrose, Kerrie, Jones, Matthew C., Huys, Geert, ...

This study presents the first complete sequence of an IncU plasmid, pFBAOT6. This plasmid was originally isolated from a strain of Aeromonas caviae from hospital effluent (Westmorland General...

Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis

Achtman, Mark, Morelli, Giovanna, Zhu, Peixuan, Wirth, Thierry, Diehl, Ines, Kusecek, Barica, ...

The association of historical plague pandemics with Yersinia pestis remains controversial, partly because the evolutionary history of this largely monomorphic bacterium was unknown. The...

The Flag-2 Locus, an Ancestral Gene Cluster, Is Potentially Associated with a Novel Flagellar System from Escherichia coli

Ren, Chuan-Peng, Beatson, Scott A., Parkhill, Julian, Pallen, Mark J.

Escherichia coli K-12 possesses two adjacent, divergent, promoterless flagellar genes, fhiA-mbhA, that are absent from Salmonella enterica. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that these genes...

The Chlamydophila abortus genome sequence reveals an array of variable proteins that contribute to interspecies variation

Thomson, Nicholas R., Yeats, Corin, Bell, Kenneth, Holden, Matthew T.G., Bentley, Stephen D., Livingstone, Morag, ...

The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydophila abortus strain S26/3 (formerly the abortion subtype of Chlamydia psittaci) is an important cause of late gestation abortions in ruminants...

The pCoo Plasmid of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Is a Mosaic Cointegrate†

Froehlich, Barbara, Parkhill, Julian, Sanders, Mandy, Quail, Michael A., Scott, June R.

CS1 is the prototype of a class of pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) associated with diarrheal disease in humans. The genes encoding this pilus are carried on a large plasmid, pCoo. We...

Genetic Analysis of the Capsular Biosynthetic Locus from All 90 Pneumococcal Serotypes

Bentley, Stephen D, Aanensen, David M, Mavroidi, Angeliki, Saunders, David, Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Collins, Matthew, ...

Several major invasive bacterial pathogens are encapsulated. Expression of a polysaccharide capsule is essential for survival in the blood, and thus for virulence, but also is a target for host...

The genome of Rhizobium leguminosarum has recognizable core and accessory components

Young, J Peter W, Crossman, Lisa C, Johnston, Andrew WB, Thomson, Nicholas R, Ghazoui, Zara F, Hull, Katherine H, ...

The genome sequence of the α-proteobacterial N2-fixing symbiont of legumes, Rhizobium leguminosarum, is described, revealing a 'core' and an 'accessory' component.

Multireplicon genome architecture of Lactobacillus salivarius

Claesson, Marcus J., Li, Yin, Leahy, Sinead, Canchaya, Carlos, Van Pijkeren, Jan Peter, Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M., ...

Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius strain UCC118 is a bacteriocin-producing strain with probiotic characteristics. The 2.13-Mb genome was shown by sequencing to comprise a 1.83 Mb chromosome,...

Phylogenetic Relationships of the Wolbachia of Nematodes and Arthropods

Fenn, Katelyn, Conlon, Claire, Jones, Martin, Quail, Michael A, Holroyd, Nancy E, Parkhill, Julian, ...

Wolbachia are well known as bacterial symbionts of arthropods, where they are reproductive parasites, but have also been described from nematode hosts, where the symbiotic interaction has features of...

Yersinia pestis pFra Shows Biovar-Specific Differences and Recent Common Ancestry with a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Plasmid

Prentice, Michael B., James, Keith D., Parkhill, Julian, Baker, Stephen G., Stevens, Kim, Simmonds, Mark N., ...

Population genetic studies suggest that Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a clonal pathogen that has recently emerged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Plasmid acquisition is likely to have...

Genetic Basis for Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Biosynthesis in Bordetellae

Preston, Andrew, Allen, Andrew G., Cadisch, Joanna, Thomas, Richard, Stevens, Kim, Churcher, Carol M., ...

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis express a surface polysaccharide, attached to a lipopolysaccharide, which has been called O antigen. This structure is absent from Bordetella...

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Possesses a Unique Repertoire of Fimbrial Gene Sequences

Townsend, Stacy M., Kramer, Naomi E., Edwards, Robert, Baker, Stephen, Hamlin, Nancy, Simmonds, Mark, ...

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi differs from nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes by its strict host adaptation to humans and higher primates. Since fimbriae have been implicated in host adaptation,...

Comparison of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome with sampled genomes of a Klebsiella pneumoniae and three Salmonella enterica serovars, Typhimurium, Typhi and Paratyphi

McClelland, Michael, Florea, Liliana, Sanderson, Ken, Clifton, Sandra W., Parkhill, Julian, Churcher, Carol, ...

The Escherichia coli K-12 genome (ECO) was compared with the sampled genomes of the sibling species Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium, Typhi and Paratyphi A (collectively referred to as SAL)...

Complete Sequence and Organization of pBtoxis, the Toxin-Coding Plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Berry, Colin, O'Neil, Susan, Ben-Dov, Eitan, Jones, Andrew F., Murphy, Lee, Quail, Michael A., ...

The entire 127,923-bp sequence of the toxin-encoding plasmid pBtoxis from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is presented and analyzed. In addition to the four known Cry and two known Cyt...

The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis

Garnier, Thierry, Eiglmeier, Karin, Camus, Jean-Christophe, Medina, Nadine, Mansoor, Huma, Pryor, Melinda, ...

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in a range of animal species and man, with worldwide annual losses to agriculture of $3 billion. The human burden of tuberculosis caused by...

Composition, Acquisition, and Distribution of the Vi Exopolysaccharide-Encoding Salmonella enterica Pathogenicity Island SPI-7

Pickard, Derek, Wain, John, Baker, Stephen, Line, Alexandra, Chohan, Sonia, Fookes, Maria, ...

Vi capsular polysaccharide production is encoded by the viaB locus, which has a limited distribution in Salmonella enterica serovars. In S. enterica serovar Typhi, viaB is encoded on a 134-kb...

Molecular Analysis of incHI1 Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids from Salmonella Serovar Typhi Strains Associated with Typhoid Fever

Wain, John, Diem Nga, L. T., Kidgell, Claire, James, Keith, Fortune, Sarah, Song Diep, To, ...

The first outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid fever in Vietnam was in 1993, and by 1995 nearly 90% of cases were MDR. Plasmid HCM1, sequenced in full, is an incHI1 plasmid from Salmonella...

GeneDB: a resource for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, Peacock, Chris S., Wood, Valerie, Aslett, Martin, Kerhornou, Arnaud, Mooney, Paul, ...

GeneDB (http://www.genedb.org/) is a genome database for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The resource provides a portal through which data generated by the Pathogen Sequencing Unit at the...

Whole Genome Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni Human Isolates Using a Low-Cost Microarray Reveals Extensive Genetic Diversity

Dorrell, Nick, Mangan, Joseph A., Laing, Kenneth G., Hinds, Jason, Linton, Dennis, Al-Ghusein, Hasan, ...

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. Whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 C....

Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Bordetella Bacteriophages Encoding Reverse Transcriptase-Mediated Tropism-Switching Cassettes

Liu, Minghsun, Gingery, Mari, Doulatov, Sergei R., Liu, Yichin, Hodes, Asher, Baker, Stephen, ...

Liu et al. recently described a group of related temperate bacteriophages that infect Bordetella subspecies and undergo a unique template-dependent, reverse transcriptase-mediated tropism switching...

The Burkholderia cepacia Epidemic Strain Marker Is Part of a Novel Genomic Island Encoding Both Virulence and Metabolism-Associated Genes in Burkholderia cenocepacia

Baldwin, Adam, Sokol, Pamela A., Parkhill, Julian, Mahenthiralingam, Eshwar

The Burkholderia cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM) is a useful epidemiological marker for virulent B. cenocepacia strains that infect patients with cystic fibrosis. However, there was no...

Variation in the Effectors of the Type III Secretion System among Photorhabdus Species as Revealed by Genomic Analysis

Brugirard-Ricaud, Karine, Givaudan, Alain, Parkhill, Julian, Boemare, Noel, Kunst, Frank, Zumbihl, Robert, ...

Entomopathogenic bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus harbor a type III secretion system. This system was probably acquired prior to the separation of the species within this genus. Furthermore, the...

Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance

Holden, Matthew T. G., Feil, Edward J., Lindsay, Jodi A., Peacock, Sharon J., Day, Nicholas P. J., Enright, Mark C., ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen. Its genetic plasticity has facilitated the evolution of many virulent and drug-resistant strains, presenting a major...

Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei

Holden, Matthew T. G., Titball, Richard W., Peacock, Sharon J., Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M., Atkins, Timothy, Crossman, Lisa C., ...

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. This Gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world...

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Conjugative Tetracycline Resistance Plasmid pFBAOT6, a Member of a Group of IncU Plasmids with Global Ubiquity

Rhodes, Glenn, Parkhill, Julian, Bird, Christine, Ambrose, Kerrie, Jones, Matthew C., Huys, Geert, ...

This study presents the first complete sequence of an IncU plasmid, pFBAOT6. This plasmid was originally isolated from a strain of Aeromonas caviae from hospital effluent (Westmorland General...

Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis

Achtman, Mark, Morelli, Giovanna, Zhu, Peixuan, Wirth, Thierry, Diehl, Ines, Kusecek, Barica, ...

The association of historical plague pandemics with Yersinia pestis remains controversial, partly because the evolutionary history of this largely monomorphic bacterium was unknown. The...

The Flag-2 Locus, an Ancestral Gene Cluster, Is Potentially Associated with a Novel Flagellar System from Escherichia coli

Ren, Chuan-Peng, Beatson, Scott A., Parkhill, Julian, Pallen, Mark J.

Escherichia coli K-12 possesses two adjacent, divergent, promoterless flagellar genes, fhiA-mbhA, that are absent from Salmonella enterica. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that these genes...