Developing standards for dissolved iron in seawater (2007)
Johnson, KS, Bowie, AR, Buck, K, Cai, Y, Chase, Z, Cullen, J, ...
In nearly a dozen open-ocean fertilization experiments conducted by more than 100 researchers from nearly 20 countries, adding iron at the sea surface has led to distinct increases in photosynthesis...
Developing standards for dissolved iron in seawater (2007)
Johnson, KS, Bowie, AR, Buck, K, Cai, Y, Chase, Z, Cullen, J, ...
In nearly a dozen open-ocean fertilization experiments conducted by more than 100 researchers from nearly 20 countries, adding iron at the sea surface has led to distinct increases in photosynthesis...
Developing Standards for Dissolved Iron in Seawater (2007)
Johnson, KS, Boyle, E, Bruland, K, Coale, K, Measures, C, Moffett, J, ...
Developing standards for dissolved iron in seawater (2007)
Johnson, KS, Bowie, AR, Buck, K, Cai, Y, Chase, Z, Cullen, J, ...
In nearly a dozen open-ocean fertilization experiments conducted by more than 100 researchers from nearly 20 countries, adding iron at the sea surface has led to distinct increases in photosynthesis...
A strategy for the integration of QTL, gene expression, and sequence analyses (2003)
Hitzemann, Robert, Malmanger, B., Reed, C., Lawler, M., Hitzemann, Barbara, Coulombe, S., ...
View of forge, Franklin House, Nook Lane, Stannington, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The area surrounding Sheffield is famed for its steel production and cutlery works. Much of the cutlery produced was made by outworkers, known locally as 'little mesters', who worked from cottage...
Sheffield Cutlery, South Yorkshire (2001)
Traditionally certain areas of the country are associated with particular crafts. Sheffield is famed for its cutlery, and has a tradition that goes back many centuries. The Company of Cutlers was...
Venture Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This cutlery and silversmith's workshop was built in the early 19th century. It incorporates an 18th-century town house and has been considerably altered and extended over the 19th century. No 105...
Stag Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Silver and electroplating works of 1880 originally steam-powered. It consists of a series of workshops, warehouse and offices built around a large courtyard.
Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A 19th-century mill built for rolling steel into sheets. It was powered by the waterwheel to the right of this picture, but unlike many mills was not subsequently converted to steam power and has...
Rolling Mill, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Rollers are used to shape the red-hot metal and compress it to the desired thickness. By using different rollers the steel can be made into tubes, rails and H-sections (I-beams).
Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This red-hot piece of steel has just been taken from the furnaces to the back of the picture. It will be put between sets of rollers to shape and compress it. This mill employs many of the same...
Furnaces, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
These Victorian furnaces are still capable of melting steel effectively. The metal will be heated and then shaped into sheets or rails in rollers before being shipped to other sites.
Waterwheel, Low Matlock Wheel, Rolling Mill, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This rolling mill was powered by this overshot waterwheel. Although now converted to electric power the mill still used the wheel as its power-source until recently.
Beehive Works, Milton Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Beehive Works was originally known as Milton Works and is a large complex arranged around two courtyards, which manufactured cutlery, silver-plating and files. All the main buildings on the site were...
Huntsman Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Steel works dating from 1899, built for Huntsman and Company, descendants of Benjamin Huntsman (1704-76), inventor of the crucible steel making process. The works retains a crucible shop, a...
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This scythe works dates to the 18th century and later, and has associated workers' housing and a counting house. Pictured are the tilt hammers used to work the metal and powered by a waterwheel. The...
Exterior of Forge and Grinding Shop, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The hamlet consisted of 4 workers' cottages, a counting house used for administrative purposes and the industrial buildings shown. Most of the buildings were built in the late 18th and early 19th...
Huntsman Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture shows an external view of the crucible shop at Huntsman Works. The buildings on the site date to 1899. In the 1740s Benjamin Huntsman discovered that if broken bars were placed in a...
Anglo Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This works in Trippet Lane, Sheffield, was originally a horn and handle works, but later became a silversmithing and cutlery. It thrived between 1825 and 1850. Sheffield prospered due to the cutlery...
Yard at the Beehive Works, Milton Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The buildings of this cutlery works were built surrounding a central yard between 1860 and 1890. To the front are offices, showrooms and a warehouse, while to the rear are workshops containing...
Beehive Works and Eye Witness Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture incorporates 2 cutlery works: the arch in the foreground is part Beehive Works; in the distance is Eyewitness Works. Sheffield is a still involved in the cutlery trade and the Eye...
The Gun Shop, West Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Sheffield became a prominent area of metalworking from the later Middle Ages due to the abundance of potential waterpower, and the availability of coal and iron in the area. From the end of the 19th...
Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This 19th-century mill was still operated by waterpower until the 20th century, but has now been converted to electricity. The plant is still in use commercially.
John Watts Works, Lambert Street, Sheffield (2001)
This cutlery works was converted from former houses, the fascia being added on at that time. Outworkers, locally known as 'little mesters' performed much of the work associated with the cutlery...
Rolling Team, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This industrial site is used to roll steel is to set thicknesses, and was the last one of its kind to be powered by a waterwheel. Of course the process can be performed by modern methods with...
Furnaces, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The furnaces in this rolling mill are being filmed. The mill was built in the 19th century and remained water-powered until recently. This site gives some idea of the conditions in factories towards...
Furnaces, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This steel rolling mill outside Sheffield uses traditional methods to create steel sheets for industrial use. The steel is produced in these small Victorian furnaces and then rolled into sheets....
Rolling Mill, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A member of the rolling team is putting a sheet of red-hot steel through the rollers, which will compress it to the desired thickness. The methods used in this mill have hardly changed in over 100...
57 Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Many of the houses in Garden Street feature a workshop used by the owners to make cutlery, a major industry in the area. Although large cutlery and edge tool factories were built in Sheffield in the...
Sellers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A cutlery works from the late 19th century with an office and warehouse range to the street front, and steam-powered workshop range to rear. The workshop range contained grinding hulls on the ground...
Cyclops Works, Carlisle Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Taking its name from the giant one-eyed creature of Greek legend, the massive Cyclops Steel Works was built in the middle of the 19th century. It has remained operational, although it has been...
River Don Works, Sheffield South, Yorkshire (2001)
This crucible steel melting site was established in 1862 and was one of the largest in the world. It has remained operational since then and has been extensively added to and altered in the century...
Cyclops Steel Works, Carlisle Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This view of the steel works shows one range of the massive site. Steel production and the manufacture of metal tools and artefacts was a major industry in Sheffield, and many of the 19th-century...
Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
The buildings at this forge vary in date, the oldest being 17th-century, but most of the machinery is 19th-century, much of which is still in situ. The main building date from the 18th century is a...
Interior of Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
Although the building dates from several different phases the machinery at this forge is largely 19th-century. By the arched doorway can be seen a reverbertory furnace with a counter balanced lift...
Internal View of Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
A forge has stood on this site since the 17th century, but most of the present buildings date from the 18th. The site was altered in 1880 when the roof was raised to increase ventilation. The forge...
Melting Shop, Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The Darnall Works site was developed initially in 1835. Darnall Works was one of a number of large-scale crucible steel works in Sheffield, but it is the last surviving example and is unique in...
Interior of Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture shows an interior view of the crucible furnace from 1835. From the 1740s it was known that if broken bars were placed in a crucible and melted in a furnace, the steel had an even carbon...
Interior of Large Melting Shop, Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Steel was an important commodity, especially for making blades, which were used in many processes from agricultural implements to the textile industry. During the Industrial Revolution steel making...
Crucible Range, Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This steel works from 1835 is the last surviving example of its type in Britain. During the Industrial Revolution steel making became an important industry in Sheffield, as it remains today. The...
Cornish Works, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This integrated edge tool works was occupied by George Barnsley and Sons. The offices, workshops, and house that front Cornish Street date from between the 1850s and 1880s. There is a crucible...
South Yard, Cornish Works, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This is the south yard of the Cornish Steel Works, a Victorian steel tool factory. By the middle of the 19th century when this site was built steel making had become a highly important industry with...
Plating Shop, Cornish Works, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is one of the plating workshops in this Victorian steel tool factory. The better quality metals available from the 18th century meant that harder more durable blades and artefacts could be...
View of a Workbench at 57 Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Many of the houses in this area were built in the early to mid 19th century and include a workshop for the making or finishing of cutlery. A selection of the tools used by the craftsman can be seen...
Craftsman at 57 Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Stan Shaw is at work in the bench in his house. Many houses in Garden Street were used by craftsmen like him to make cutlery in the 19th century. Hand-made quality cutlery is still a feature of...
River Don Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The massive River Don Works was built by Naylor, Vickers and Company in 1862. It was the largest conglomeration of crucible steelmelting capacity in the world, capable of producing 15,000 tons per...
Master Cutler, Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Certain areas of the country have become associated with particular aspects of industry or crafts. Sheffield is renowned for its fine cutlery. Here a craftsman with a lifetime's experience labours in...
Cornish Place, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Cornish Place established itself during the 19th century as one of Sheffield's foremost Brittania metal and silver-plate manufactories, continuing in business until 1992. The casting house and...
Low Matlock Wheel, Loxley Vale, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The steel industry is highly important in the Sheffield region. The area is famed for its fine cutlery and metalwork.
Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Small steel forging works owned by the Burkinshaw family since 1897. The works was mechanised using steam power and the forge building retains four steam hammers of varying sizes. Pictured are three...
Master Cutler, Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Certain areas of the country have become associated with particular aspects of industry or crafts. Sheffield is renowned for its fine cutlery. Here a craftsman with a lifetime's experience labours in...
Cornish Place, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Cornish Place established itself during the 19th century as one of Sheffield's foremost Brittania metal and silver-plate manufactories, continuing in business until 1992. The casting house and...
Low Matlock Wheel, Loxley Vale, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The steel industry is highly important in the Sheffield region. The area is famed for its fine cutlery and metalwork.
Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Small steel forging works owned by the Burkinshaw family since 1897. The works was mechanised using steam power and the forge building retains four steam hammers of varying sizes. Pictured are three...
Melting Shop, Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The Darnall Works site was developed initially in 1835. Darnall Works was one of a number of large-scale crucible steel works in Sheffield, but it is the last surviving example and is unique in...
Interior of Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture shows an interior view of the crucible furnace from 1835. From the 1740s it was known that if broken bars were placed in a crucible and melted in a furnace, the steel had an even carbon...
Interior of Large Melting Shop, Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Steel was an important commodity, especially for making blades, which were used in many processes from agricultural implements to the textile industry. During the Industrial Revolution steel making...
Crucible Range, Darnall Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This steel works from 1835 is the last surviving example of its type in Britain. During the Industrial Revolution steel making became an important industry in Sheffield, as it remains today. The...
Cornish Works, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This integrated edge tool works was occupied by George Barnsley and Sons. The offices, workshops, and house that front Cornish Street date from between the 1850s and 1880s. There is a crucible...
South Yard, Cornish Works, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This is the south yard of the Cornish Steel Works, a Victorian steel tool factory. By the middle of the 19th century when this site was built steel making had become a highly important industry with...
Plating Shop, Cornish Works, Cornish Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is one of the plating workshops in this Victorian steel tool factory. The better quality metals available from the 18th century meant that harder more durable blades and artefacts could be...
View of a Workbench at 57 Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Many of the houses in this area were built in the early to mid 19th century and include a workshop for the making or finishing of cutlery. A selection of the tools used by the craftsman can be seen...
Craftsman at 57 Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Stan Shaw is at work in the bench in his house. Many houses in Garden Street were used by craftsmen like him to make cutlery in the 19th century. Hand-made quality cutlery is still a feature of...
River Don Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The massive River Don Works was built by Naylor, Vickers and Company in 1862. It was the largest conglomeration of crucible steelmelting capacity in the world, capable of producing 15,000 tons per...
57 Garden Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Many of the houses in Garden Street feature a workshop used by the owners to make cutlery, a major industry in the area. Although large cutlery and edge tool factories were built in Sheffield in the...
Sellers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A cutlery works from the late 19th century with an office and warehouse range to the street front, and steam-powered workshop range to rear. The workshop range contained grinding hulls on the ground...
Cyclops Works, Carlisle Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Taking its name from the giant one-eyed creature of Greek legend, the massive Cyclops Steel Works was built in the middle of the 19th century. It has remained operational, although it has been...
River Don Works, Sheffield South, Yorkshire (2001)
This crucible steel melting site was established in 1862 and was one of the largest in the world. It has remained operational since then and has been extensively added to and altered in the century...
Cyclops Steel Works, Carlisle Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This view of the steel works shows one range of the massive site. Steel production and the manufacture of metal tools and artefacts was a major industry in Sheffield, and many of the 19th-century...
Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
The buildings at this forge vary in date, the oldest being 17th-century, but most of the machinery is 19th-century, much of which is still in situ. The main building date from the 18th century is a...
Interior of Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
Although the building dates from several different phases the machinery at this forge is largely 19th-century. By the arched doorway can be seen a reverbertory furnace with a counter balanced lift...
Internal View of Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
A forge has stood on this site since the 17th century, but most of the present buildings date from the 18th. The site was altered in 1880 when the roof was raised to increase ventilation. The forge...
Beehive Works, Milton Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Beehive Works was originally known as Milton Works and is a large complex arranged around two courtyards, which manufactured cutlery, silver-plating and files. All the main buildings on the site were...
Huntsman Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Steel works dating from 1899, built for Huntsman and Company, descendants of Benjamin Huntsman (1704-76), inventor of the crucible steel making process. The works retains a crucible shop, a...
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This scythe works dates to the 18th century and later, and has associated workers' housing and a counting house. Pictured are the tilt hammers used to work the metal and powered by a waterwheel. The...
Exterior of Forge and Grinding Shop, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The hamlet consisted of 4 workers' cottages, a counting house used for administrative purposes and the industrial buildings shown. Most of the buildings were built in the late 18th and early 19th...
Huntsman Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture shows an external view of the crucible shop at Huntsman Works. The buildings on the site date to 1899. In the 1740s Benjamin Huntsman discovered that if broken bars were placed in a...
Anglo Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This works in Trippet Lane, Sheffield, was originally a horn and handle works, but later became a silversmithing and cutlery. It thrived between 1825 and 1850. Sheffield prospered due to the cutlery...
Yard at the Beehive Works, Milton Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The buildings of this cutlery works were built surrounding a central yard between 1860 and 1890. To the front are offices, showrooms and a warehouse, while to the rear are workshops containing...
Beehive Works and Eye Witness Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture incorporates 2 cutlery works: the arch in the foreground is part Beehive Works; in the distance is Eyewitness Works. Sheffield is a still involved in the cutlery trade and the Eye...
The Gun Shop, West Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Sheffield became a prominent area of metalworking from the later Middle Ages due to the abundance of potential waterpower, and the availability of coal and iron in the area. From the end of the 19th...
Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This 19th-century mill was still operated by waterpower until the 20th century, but has now been converted to electricity. The plant is still in use commercially.
John Watts Works, Lambert Street, Sheffield (2001)
This cutlery works was converted from former houses, the fascia being added on at that time. Outworkers, locally known as 'little mesters' performed much of the work associated with the cutlery...
Rolling Team, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This industrial site is used to roll steel is to set thicknesses, and was the last one of its kind to be powered by a waterwheel. Of course the process can be performed by modern methods with...
Furnaces, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The furnaces in this rolling mill are being filmed. The mill was built in the 19th century and remained water-powered until recently. This site gives some idea of the conditions in factories towards...
Furnaces, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This steel rolling mill outside Sheffield uses traditional methods to create steel sheets for industrial use. The steel is produced in these small Victorian furnaces and then rolled into sheets....
Rolling Mill, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A member of the rolling team is putting a sheet of red-hot steel through the rollers, which will compress it to the desired thickness. The methods used in this mill have hardly changed in over 100...
Waterwheel, Low Matlock Wheel, Rolling Mill, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This rolling mill was powered by this overshot waterwheel. Although now converted to electric power the mill still used the wheel as its power-source until recently.
View of forge, Franklin House, Nook Lane, Stannington, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The area surrounding Sheffield is famed for its steel production and cutlery works. Much of the cutlery produced was made by outworkers, known locally as 'little mesters', who worked from cottage...
Sheffield Cutlery, South Yorkshire (2001)
Traditionally certain areas of the country are associated with particular crafts. Sheffield is famed for its cutlery, and has a tradition that goes back many centuries. The Company of Cutlers was...
Venture Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This cutlery and silversmith's workshop was built in the early 19th century. It incorporates an 18th-century town house and has been considerably altered and extended over the 19th century. No 105...
Stag Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Silver and electroplating works of 1880 originally steam-powered. It consists of a series of workshops, warehouse and offices built around a large courtyard.
Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A 19th-century mill built for rolling steel into sheets. It was powered by the waterwheel to the right of this picture, but unlike many mills was not subsequently converted to steam power and has...
Rolling Mill, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Rollers are used to shape the red-hot metal and compress it to the desired thickness. By using different rollers the steel can be made into tubes, rails and H-sections (I-beams).
Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This red-hot piece of steel has just been taken from the furnaces to the back of the picture. It will be put between sets of rollers to shape and compress it. This mill employs many of the same...
Furnaces, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
These Victorian furnaces are still capable of melting steel effectively. The metal will be heated and then shaped into sheets or rails in rollers before being shipped to other sites.
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Now a heritage centre this site, about 5.5 km (3.5 miles) was a small steel workers' hamlet in the late 18th century, specialising in making scythes. It features grinding shops, 2 water-powered tilt...
Grinder at Work, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This small 18th-century industrial site was used for the production of scythes. Edge tool manufacturing was an important industry in the Sheffield area, although many of the associated buildings have...
Crucibles, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is a stack of crucibles outside one of the forge buildings in this model village, which was largely built in the 18th century. The crucibles held broken metal ingots. When melted in this way...
Crucible Shop, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Along the walls crucibles are lined up on the shelving, while the furnaces used at this 18th-century site are situated beneath the floor. The crucibles containing steel ingots were positioned to the...
16-20 Sidney Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small electro-plate manufacturing works dating from the third quarter of the 19th century. It has an office range at the front of the courtyard, and workshops to the rear.
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Abbeydale was built as an industrial site for the production of scythes and has some workers' cottages interspersed with the industrial buildings. Originally the site was water-powered, but steam was...
Crucible Furnace, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
In this building the raw materials of iron and coke were turned into steel, which in turn was used to produce scythe blades. The furnace and building housing it were constructed in the late 18th...
Globe Works, Penistone Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This factory with its rather ostentatious frontage incorporated the owner's house, offices and warehouses, various workshop ranges, including grinding hulls, and the engine house. It was established...
Visitors to Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The crucible steel works at Abbeydale was established in the 18th century to manufacture scythes and steel edge tools. It operated until the 1930s when it was given to the City of Sheffield. It...
Offices, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This site operated as a scythe mill and edge tool manufactory from the late 18th century until the 1930s. Incorporated on the site was a series of workers' cottages. It has been a working museum...
Waterwheel, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This overshot waterwheel powered the scythe mill in this industrial site just outside Sheffield. Metal has been worked at this site since about 1200 AD. The mill and associated workers' village is...
Wharncliffe Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Built as a single phase in the 1850s for the manufacture of stoves, grates and fenders. The works comprises offices, warehouses, and workshops. The factory chimney has been demolished.
Wharncliffe Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This Picture shows the rear yard to Wharncliffe Works. This Victorian factory produced stoves, grates and fenders. The factory is built using a mixture Greek Ionic and Doric architectural orders. It...
Rolling Mill, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Rollers are being used here to form lengths of metal to a set thickness. This process is used to create tubes, rails and H-sections (I-beams). Note that the workers use hand-held tools to guide the...
Yard, Butchers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The chimney and boiler house at this site give evidence that the works were steam-powered when new in the middle of the 19th century. Although sites like this one produced cutlery and tools on an...
Workshop Range, Butchers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Although the doorway to this site may look like the front of a domestic house at first glance it is one of the workshops for Butchers Wheel, a cutlery and tool making works.
Sykehouse, Dungworth Green, Bradfield, Sheffield (2001)
In the hills to the north west of Sheffield is this rare example of a once common complex. The site from about 1800 consists of a house with various agricultural buildings, including a stable, pigsty...
Butchers Works, Arundel Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Built in the 19th century this works on Arundel Street produced cutlery, files and various edge tools, such as scythes, sickles and spades. Some of the multi-storey workshops retain grinding hulls...
The Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The Head Quarters of the Company of Cutlers. This is the body responsible for granting the marks on cutlery in the area known as Hallamshire, a region incorporating the area where Yorkshire and...
Water Wheel, Shepherd Wheel, Porter Brook, Sheffield (2001)
This overshot waterwheel provided power for a cutlery-grinding workshop. The workshop is first mentioned in a will from 1584. The site consists of two grinding workshops, and has a mill dam to keep...
Workshop, Shepherd Wheel, Porter Brook, Sheffield (2001)
A cutlery-grinding workshop has been in existence on this site since the 16th century. An overshot waterwheel fed from a dammed millpond powers the grinding wheels shown here.
Workshop, Shepherd Wheel, Porter Brook, Sheffield (2001)
Sheffield was an important centre for metalworking long before the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. A cutlery workshop has stood on this site since at least 1584. Pictured are the grinding...
Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
Wortley Top Forge stands on the River Don between Deepcar and Thurgoland. Although parts of the building may be 17th-century, most of the machinery is 19th-century, dating from the period of the...
Internal View of Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
This forge was originally established in about 1640 as a bloomery forge, an early type of post medieval metal working forge. It became a finery forge later that century. This type of conversion was...
Truro Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the courtyard in this cutlery works in Matilda Street. Sheffield became a centre for cutlery production in the post medieval period. From 1624 the town was the home of the Company of...
35 Well Meadow Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small mid to late nineteenth century steel works including a works manager's house and the grindstones shown here. Built and occupied by the firm of Samuel Peace and Company. In the late twentieth...
Kenilworth Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small-scale specialist works manufacturing horn, tortoiseshell and German silver combs. It consists of two workshop ranges, to the front and rear of a courtyard, probably built in the late 1860s or...
Kenilworth Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small workshop used for the production of horn, tortoiseshell and silver combs. To maximise the available light the workbenches are positioned alongside the wide window ranges.
Yard, Truro Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This Victorian factory complex produced cutlery and consisted of offices, a crucible furnace, forge, and cutlery making workshops. Power was provided by a steam engine.
Yard and Crucible Furnace, Truro Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the yard and main building of this mid 19th-century cutlery works. From a here a crucible furnace was operated. This involved melting steel ingots in a cubicle to produce a metal with a...
35 Well Meadow Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This steel working site was built in the mid to late 19th century by Samuel Peace and Company. The production of steel tools was important to Sheffield and many factories of this kind were built in...
Pluto Works, Milton Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This small steel works dates from the late 19th century. The works comprises a front office range, a tall single-storey workshop, probably housing some kind of engineering process, and a crucible...
Butchers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This site was powered by steam and used to make cutlery and steel tools. Sheffield was an important producer of steel implements, which were used in agriculture and industry, as well as knives and...
Yard, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This small steel forging works has been owned by the Burkinshaw family since 1897 and incorporates a former corn mill from 1843. This houses the grinding shop and steel warehouse, while a workshop...
Interior View of Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This late Victorian steel-working site is situated in an old corn mill. It was mechanised using steam power and the forge building retains four steam hammers of varying sizes, 2 of which are pictured...
Detail of Hammer, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The forge building, boiler house and workshops in this steel factory were built in the late 19th century, although parts of the building are older. Pictured is one of the four giant steam-powered...
Hammer, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Blacksmiths beat metal in order to reduce impurities and increase the metal's strength. The hammers at this steel factory in Sheffield perform the same task, only on a much larger scale. Bath Steel...
Working the Hammer, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A block of red hot steel is being hammered to reduce the impurities at this steel factory in Sheffield. The 21st-century worker is using 19th-century technology, but blacksmiths have understood the...
Tools in Forge Shop, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is a selection of tools used in this Victorian steel working factory. Despite the industrial scale of the site the tools would be familiar to any blacksmith.
Green Lane Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Green Lane Works was established in 1795, but the parts that exist today form a complex of 19th-century buildings. The site was not a steel works as such but specialised in the production of stoves....
Clock Tower, Green Lane Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the clock tower on top of the triumphal arch at Green Lane Works, both of which were added to the 18th-century factory in 1860. The proprietor was Alderman Henry Hoole who served as Mayor...
Sculpture Panel, Green Lane Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This bronze relief panel depicts Vulcan. He was the Roman god associated with fire and blacksmithing - he is leaning on an anvil. The connection between this pagan god and the Sheffield steelworks...
Portland Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A large-scale mechanised cutlery works dating from the late 1870s. The buildings are arranged logically around a courtyard, with hand forges (pictured), grinding hulls powered by a steam engine, a...
Yard, Portland Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the yard at the cutlery works. Sheffield is famed for its metal work and cutlery. The building pictured was a grinding room, used for finishing the manufactured cutlery.
Butchers Wheel, Arundel Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Cutlery, edge tool and file-making works, built in the 19th century. The works has a courtyard plan with multi-storeyed workshop ranges and the remains of grinding hulls. The works were formerly...
Butchers Wheel, Arundel Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture shows the yard at the steel works. This works was built in the 19th century and at the time was steam-powered. Cutlery, files and edge tools were made here.
Pictured are 2 cutlery works in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Both are similar, although Sellers Wheel is probably slightly newer, dating from the late 19th century. Both were steam powered with...
Gun Shop, West Gun Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the interior of the gun shop at this factory in Sheffield.
Portland Works, Randall Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A large-scale mechanised cutlery works dating from the late 1870s. The picture shows the range of workshops that are situated around the courtyard. Originally the works was powered by a steam engine.
Shepherd's Wheel, Whitley Wood, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small water-powered industrial complex for the finishing of domestic cutlery, consisting of two grinding workshops with associated mill dam. It was first mentioned in a will of 1584.
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
These two tilt hammers are part of an 18th-century industrial site, originally built for making scythes. Also on the site are workers' houses and a counting house. The complex is now a museum.
Gun Shop, West Gun Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the interior of the gun shop at this factory in Sheffield.
Portland Works, Randall Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A large-scale mechanised cutlery works dating from the late 1870s. The picture shows the range of workshops that are situated around the courtyard. Originally the works was powered by a steam engine.
Shepherd's Wheel, Whiteley Wood, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small water-powered industrial complex for the finishing of domestic cutlery, consisting of two grinding workshops with associated mill dam. It was first mentioned in a will of 1584.
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
These two tilt hammers are part of an 18th-century industrial site, originally built for making scythes. Also on the site are workers' houses and a counting house. The complex is now a museum.
Yard, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This small steel forging works has been owned by the Burkinshaw family since 1897 and incorporates a former corn mill from 1843. This houses the grinding shop and steel warehouse, while a workshop...
Interior View of Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This late Victorian steel-working site is situated in an old corn mill. It was mechanised using steam power and the forge building retains four steam hammers of varying sizes, 2 of which are pictured...
Detail of Hammer, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The forge building, boiler house and workshops in this steel factory were built in the late 19th century, although parts of the building are older. Pictured is one of the four giant steam-powered...
Hammer, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Blacksmiths beat metal in order to reduce impurities and increase the metal's strength. The hammers at this steel factory in Sheffield perform the same task, only on a much larger scale. Bath Steel...
Working the Hammer, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A block of red hot steel is being hammered to reduce the impurities at this steel factory in Sheffield. The 21st-century worker is using 19th-century technology, but blacksmiths have understood the...
Tools in Forge Shop, Bath Steel Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is a selection of tools used in this Victorian steel working factory. Despite the industrial scale of the site the tools would be familiar to any blacksmith.
Green Lane Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Green Lane Works was established in 1795, but the parts that exist today form a complex of 19th-century buildings. The site was not a steel works as such but specialised in the production of stoves....
Clock Tower, Green Lane Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the clock tower on top of the triumphal arch at Green Lane Works, both of which were added to the 18th-century factory in 1860. The proprietor was Alderman Henry Hoole who served as Mayor...
Sculpture Panel, Green Lane Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This bronze relief panel depicts Vulcan. He was the Roman god associated with fire and blacksmithing - he is leaning on an anvil. The connection between this pagan god and the Sheffield steelworks...
Portland Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A large-scale mechanised cutlery works dating from the late 1870s. The buildings are arranged logically around a courtyard, with hand forges (pictured), grinding hulls powered by a steam engine, a...
Yard, Portland Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the yard at the cutlery works. Sheffield is famed for its metal work and cutlery. The building pictured was a grinding room, used for finishing the manufactured cutlery.
Butchers Wheel, Arundel Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Cutlery, edge tool and file-making works, built in the 19th century. The works has a courtyard plan with multi-storeyed workshop ranges and the remains of grinding hulls. The works were formerly...
Butchers Wheel, Arundel Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This picture shows the yard at the steel works. This works was built in the 19th century and at the time was steam-powered. Cutlery, files and edge tools were made here.
Pictured are 2 cutlery works in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Both are similar, although Sellers Wheel is probably slightly newer, dating from the late 19th century. Both were steam powered with...
Butchers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This site was powered by steam and used to make cutlery and steel tools. Sheffield was an important producer of steel implements, which were used in agriculture and industry, as well as knives and...
Yard, Butchers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The chimney and boiler house at this site give evidence that the works were steam-powered when new in the middle of the 19th century. Although sites like this one produced cutlery and tools on an...
Workshop Range, Butchers Wheel, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Although the doorway to this site may look like the front of a domestic house at first glance it is one of the workshops for Butchers Wheel, a cutlery and tool making works.
Sykehouse, Dungworth Green, Bradfield, Sheffield (2001)
In the hills to the north west of Sheffield is this rare example of a once common complex. The site from about 1800 consists of a house with various agricultural buildings, including a stable, pigsty...
Butchers Works, Arundel Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Built in the 19th century this works on Arundel Street produced cutlery, files and various edge tools, such as scythes, sickles and spades. Some of the multi-storey workshops retain grinding hulls...
The Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The Head Quarters of the Company of Cutlers. This is the body responsible for granting the marks on cutlery in the area known as Hallamshire, a region incorporating the area where Yorkshire and...
Water Wheel, Shepherd Wheel, Porter Brook, Sheffield (2001)
This overshot waterwheel provided power for a cutlery-grinding workshop. The workshop is first mentioned in a will from 1584. The site consists of two grinding workshops, and has a mill dam to keep...
Workshop, Shepherd Wheel, Porter Brook, Sheffield (2001)
A cutlery-grinding workshop has been in existence on this site since the 16th century. An overshot waterwheel fed from a dammed millpond powers the grinding wheels shown here.
Workshop, Shepherd Wheel, Porter Brook, Sheffield (2001)
Sheffield was an important centre for metalworking long before the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. A cutlery workshop has stood on this site since at least 1584. Pictured are the grinding...
Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
Wortley Top Forge stands on the River Don between Deepcar and Thurgoland. Although parts of the building may be 17th-century, most of the machinery is 19th-century, dating from the period of the...
Internal View of Wortley Top Forge, Wortley, South Yorkshire (2001)
This forge was originally established in about 1640 as a bloomery forge, an early type of post medieval metal working forge. It became a finery forge later that century. This type of conversion was...
Truro Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the courtyard in this cutlery works in Matilda Street. Sheffield became a centre for cutlery production in the post medieval period. From 1624 the town was the home of the Company of...
35 Well Meadow Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small mid to late nineteenth century steel works including a works manager's house and the grindstones shown here. Built and occupied by the firm of Samuel Peace and Company. In the late twentieth...
Kenilworth Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small-scale specialist works manufacturing horn, tortoiseshell and German silver combs. It consists of two workshop ranges, to the front and rear of a courtyard, probably built in the late 1860s or...
Kenilworth Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small workshop used for the production of horn, tortoiseshell and silver combs. To maximise the available light the workbenches are positioned alongside the wide window ranges.
Yard, Truro Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This Victorian factory complex produced cutlery and consisted of offices, a crucible furnace, forge, and cutlery making workshops. Power was provided by a steam engine.
Yard and Crucible Furnace, Truro Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is the yard and main building of this mid 19th-century cutlery works. From a here a crucible furnace was operated. This involved melting steel ingots in a cubicle to produce a metal with a...
35 Well Meadow Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This steel working site was built in the mid to late 19th century by Samuel Peace and Company. The production of steel tools was important to Sheffield and many factories of this kind were built in...
Pluto Works, Milton Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This small steel works dates from the late 19th century. The works comprises a front office range, a tall single-storey workshop, probably housing some kind of engineering process, and a crucible...
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Now a heritage centre this site, about 5.5 km (3.5 miles) was a small steel workers' hamlet in the late 18th century, specialising in making scythes. It features grinding shops, 2 water-powered tilt...
Grinder at Work, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This small 18th-century industrial site was used for the production of scythes. Edge tool manufacturing was an important industry in the Sheffield area, although many of the associated buildings have...
Crucibles, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Pictured is a stack of crucibles outside one of the forge buildings in this model village, which was largely built in the 18th century. The crucibles held broken metal ingots. When melted in this way...
Crucible Shop, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Along the walls crucibles are lined up on the shelving, while the furnaces used at this 18th-century site are situated beneath the floor. The crucibles containing steel ingots were positioned to the...
16-20 Sidney Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
A small electro-plate manufacturing works dating from the third quarter of the 19th century. It has an office range at the front of the courtyard, and workshops to the rear.
Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Abbeydale was built as an industrial site for the production of scythes and has some workers' cottages interspersed with the industrial buildings. Originally the site was water-powered, but steam was...
Crucible Furnace, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
In this building the raw materials of iron and coke were turned into steel, which in turn was used to produce scythe blades. The furnace and building housing it were constructed in the late 18th...
Globe Works, Penistone Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This factory with its rather ostentatious frontage incorporated the owner's house, offices and warehouses, various workshop ranges, including grinding hulls, and the engine house. It was established...
Visitors to Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
The crucible steel works at Abbeydale was established in the 18th century to manufacture scythes and steel edge tools. It operated until the 1930s when it was given to the City of Sheffield. It...
Offices, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This site operated as a scythe mill and edge tool manufactory from the late 18th century until the 1930s. Incorporated on the site was a series of workers' cottages. It has been a working museum...
Waterwheel, Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This overshot waterwheel powered the scythe mill in this industrial site just outside Sheffield. Metal has been worked at this site since about 1200 AD. The mill and associated workers' village is...
Wharncliffe Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Built as a single phase in the 1850s for the manufacture of stoves, grates and fenders. The works comprises offices, warehouses, and workshops. The factory chimney has been demolished.
Wharncliffe Works, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
This Picture shows the rear yard to Wharncliffe Works. This Victorian factory produced stoves, grates and fenders. The factory is built using a mixture Greek Ionic and Doric architectural orders. It...
Rolling Mill, Low Matlock Wheel, Bradfield, South Yorkshire (2001)
Rollers are being used here to form lengths of metal to a set thickness. This process is used to create tubes, rails and H-sections (I-beams). Note that the workers use hand-held tools to guide the...
Bessemer Converter at Kelham Island Industrial Museum, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
In 1856 Sir Henry Bessemer (1812-98) invented a process to manufacture a new material that combined the best qualities of wrought and cast iron. Molten iron was poured into a crucible, or converter,...
Bessemer Converter at Kelham Island Industrial Museum, Sheffield, South Yorkshire (2001)
In 1856 Sir Henry Bessemer (1812-98) invented a process to manufacture a new material that combined the best qualities of wrought and cast iron. Molten iron was poured into a crucible, or converter,...
Dam and sluice gate, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
This dam was built in 1912 to create a reservoir from which water was piped down the valley to a 'pelton wheel', a form of hydraulic waterwheel that created more power than a conventional waterwheel...
Mill, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
The well-preserved ore-processing building of Force Crag Mine, was built in 1908-9 and rebuilt incorporating the masonry elements of the original structure in 1939-40. Outside, an ore crusher and...
Explosives store, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
This explosives store was built in 1908 on the same site as a Victorian gunpowder store, and may have reused some materials from it. The door was made of reinforced steel, but this now acts as a...
Entrance to Level 0, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
The adit was begun in 1914 with the aim of extracting zinc and was worked intermittently until 1922. It was eventually refurbished in 1965, and worked until 1967. Finally, it was refurbished again in...
Conveyor, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
The pictured conveyor transported ore from the grizzly hopper - where the ore was sorted by size - to the mine's mill buildings. The three main ores mined here were, lead, zinc, which is used in...
Dam and sluice gate, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
This dam was built in 1912 to create a reservoir from which water was piped down the valley to a 'pelton wheel', a form of hydraulic waterwheel that created more power than a conventional waterwheel...
Mill, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
The well-preserved ore-processing building of Force Crag Mine, was built in 1908-9 and rebuilt incorporating the masonry elements of the original structure in 1939-40. Outside, an ore crusher and...
Explosives store, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
This explosives store was built in 1908 on the same site as a Victorian gunpowder store, and may have reused some materials from it. The door was made of reinforced steel, but this now acts as a...
Entrance to Level 0, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
The adit was begun in 1914 with the aim of extracting zinc and was worked intermittently until 1922. It was eventually refurbished in 1965, and worked until 1967. Finally, it was refurbished again in...
Conveyor, Force Crag Mine, Above Derwent, Cumbria (1999)
The pictured conveyor transported ore from the grizzly hopper - where the ore was sorted by size - to the mine's mill buildings. The three main ores mined here were, lead, zinc, which is used in...
Thorpe Marsh Power Station, Barnby Dun, South Yorkshire (1999)
This gas-fired power station was state-of-the-art when construction began in 1963. The complex included a boiler house, three chimneys, six cooling towers and a power hall. It closed in 1994.
Thorpe Marsh Power Station, Barnby Dun, South Yorkshire (1999)
This coal-fired power station was state-of-the-art when construction began in 1963. The complex included a boiler house, three chimneys, six cooling towers and a power hall. It closed in 1994.
Grove Rakes, Fluospar Mine, Stanhope, Durham (1998)
Fluourspar, or fluoride of calcium, is used as a flux in the smelting of copper and is often mined at the same sites as lead. The picture shows a general view across the works with the manager's...
Wagons at Grove Rakes, Fluospar Mine, Stanhope, Durham (1998)
Lead mine with features including water channels, shafts and area of hushes. Several 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive, plus some from the 20th. Ironstone also worked here in 19th century....
Grove Rakes, Fluospar Mine, Stanhope, Durham (1998)
Fluourspar, or fluoride of calcium, is used as a flux in the smelting of copper and is often mined at the same sites as lead. The picture shows a general view across the works with the manager's...
Wagons at Grove Rakes, Fluospar Mine, Stanhope, Durham (1998)
Lead mine with features including water channels, shafts and area of hushes. Several 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive, plus some from the 20th. Ironstone also worked here in 19th century....
Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine, Wolfcleugh Common, Durham (1998)
Disused ore waggons on the incline waggonway emerging from Firestone Drift. Originally a lead mine, some 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive. It was worked for fluorspar by the British Steel...
Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine, Wolfcleugh Common, Durham (1998)
Originally a lead mine, some 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive. It was worked for flourspar by the British Steel Corporation until its closure in 1983. A line of waste tips can be seen along...
Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine, Wolfcleugh Common, Durham (1998)
Disused ore waggons at Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine. Originally a lead mine, some 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive. It was worked for fluorspar by the British Steel Corporation until its...
Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine, Wolfcleugh Common, Durham (1998)
Disused ore waggons at Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine. Originally a lead mine, some 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive. It was worked for fluorspar by the British Steel Corporation until its...
Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine, Wolfcleugh Common, Durham (1998)
Disused ore waggons on the incline waggonway emerging from Firestone Drift. Originally a lead mine, some 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive. It was worked for fluorspar by the British Steel...
Groves Rakes Fluorspar Mine, Wolfcleugh Common, Durham (1998)
Originally a lead mine, some 18th- and 19th-century buildings survive. It was worked for flourspar by the British Steel Corporation until its closure in 1983. A line of waste tips can be seen along...
Surveying in the Howgill Hills, Cumbria (1998)
An RCHME staff member surveys the Cautley Valley Late Prehistoric enclosed settlement using a Wild-Leitz TC1619 co axial EDM.
Surveying in the Howgill Hills, Cumbria (1998)
A member of RCHME staff surveys the Cautley Valley late prehistoric enclosed settlement using a Wild-Leitz TC1619 co axial EDM.
Bark Peeler's Hut, Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1998)
The stone circle in the picture is the remains of a hut for the storage of bark, and is one of several such structures in Roudsea Wood. The hut may also have provided a certain amount of shelter to...
Bark Peeler's Hut, Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1998)
The stone circle in the picture is the remains of a hut for the storage of bark, and is one of several such structures in Roudsea Wood. The hut may also have provided a certain amount of shelter to...
Duddon Ironworks, Millom Without, Cumbria (1998)
The blast furnace at Duddon was built in 1737-8, and like all blast furnaces of its period was fired by charcoal made locally from coppiced woodland. It is seen here in the distance between the...
Leat feeding the hammer pond, Hacket Forge, Cumbria (1998)
The site was established in about 1630 when William Wright converted two fulling mills into an ironworking bloomery forge. It remained operational until the early 18th century. This leat fed water to...
Forge Cottage, Hacket Forge, Cumbria (1998)
A post-medieval iron-working site, known as Hacket Forge, was situated on the northern bank of the River Brathay. It was established in about 1630 and does not seem to have been used after 1726. Its...
Leat feeding the hammer pond, Hacket Forge, Cumbria (1998)
The site was established in about 1630 when William Wright converted two fulling mills into an ironworking bloomery forge. It remained operational until the early 18th century. This leat fed water to...
Forge Cottage, Hacket Forge, Cumbria (1998)
A post-medieval iron-working site, known as Hacket Forge, was situated on the northern bank of the River Brathay. It was established in about 1630 and does not seem to have been used after 1726. Its...
Duddon Ironworks, Millom Without, Cumbria (1998)
The blast furnace at Duddon was built in 1737-8, and like all blast furnaces of its period was fired by charcoal made locally from coppiced woodland. It is seen here in the distance between the...
Stoney Hazel Forge, Colton, Cumbria (1998)
This was the site of a water powered bloomery (an early type of furnace). Water was used to power the large hammers and bellows. Work probably ceased here in about 1736, although parts of the...
Stoney Hazel Forge, Colton, Cumbria (1998)
This was the site of a water powered bloomery (an early type of furnace). Water was used to power the large hammers and bellows. Work probably ceased here in about 1736, although parts of the...
Duddon Furnace, Millom Without, Cumbria (1998)
The blast furnace at Duddon, built in 1737-8, is one of the best preserved in the country. The tower-like furnace stack (seen here) is typical of late charcoal-fired blast furnaces. The blowing arch...
Albert Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The dock opened to shipping in July 1846 and consisted of five stacks of five-storey warehouses with a parade for the 'recreation of the public' built along the river wall. Much of the area has now...
Pumphouse, Albert Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The pumphouse that provided power for the warehouses at Albert Dock has now been converted into a theme pub, although it retains much of the original exterior character. To the right of the picture...
Cunard Building and Port of Liverpool Building, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The Cunard Building was erected in 1913-16 as the head offices for the Cunard Steamship Company to designs by Willink & Thickness with Arthur Davies. The building is somewhat overshadowed by the...
The Royal Liver Assurance Building, Liverpool (1998)
In 1908-11 Royal Liver Assurance Company erected a new head office on Liverpool's waterfront; the result being the world famous Liver Building designed by Aubrey Thomas. The first large scale...
Wapping Dock Warehouse, Liverpool (1998)
A five-storey brick warehouse, built in 1856. Many of the dock warehouses served no other function and as a result have relatively few windows. The architecturally plain face of this warehouse is...
Dock Wall and Gate, Sandon Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
Sandon Dock is one of the many Victorian docks along the Mersey that were built for the expanding shipping trade that came to Liverpool in the 19th century. Designed by Jesse Hartley the dock was...
Cottages at Duddon Bridge Iron Works, Millom Without, Cumbria (1998)
This pair of late 18th- or early 19th-century cottages provided accommodation for workers at Duddon Iron Works. Initially only two rooms each, they were later extended and stabling was added. Most...
Queen Victoria Monument, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
In the period of Victoria's reign (1837-1901) Britain became one the foremost nations both politically and industrially. The Victorians were responsible many changes to the British way of life from...
Town Hall, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
One of the finest 18th-century town halls in the country, this civic building was constructed between 1749 and 1754 to the designs of James Wyatt and John Foster. The dome, surmounted by a figure of...
Port of Liverpool Building, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The office for the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, was built in 1907 to designs Arnold Thornley in collaboration with Briggs and Wolstenholme. It has been said that the design of the dome was...
Albion House, Former White Star Offices, James Street, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The shipping company Ismay, Imrie and Company, later the White Star Line, commissioned Richard Norman Shaw to design their office block in James Street. The building is based on Shaw's earlier design...
Oriel Chambers, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
This office block is a pioneering building in the use of expressed cast iron construction. It was built in 1864 by Peter Ellis and is constructed mostly of glass set in thin stone mullions...
Waterloo Warehouse, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
Warehouse built in 1867 by George Fosbery Lyster, the Liverpool dock engineer. It was built as a corn warehouse and had access to both the waterways and the rail system. The building was converted...
Royal Liver Building and Cunard Building, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
In 1908-11 the Royal Liver Assurance Company erected a new head office on Liverpool's waterfront. The two Liver Birds that sit on top of the building are a cross between an Eagle and a Cormorant (the...
Stanley Dock Warehouse, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
A warehouse which was originally built on the south side of Stanley Dock. However, in 1900 part of the dock was filled in and a Tobacco Warehouse was built in front of it. Designed by the engineer...
Stanley Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The north entrance of the dock with its hydraulic tower to the west of north warehouse and the bascule bridge and the Tobacco Warehouse in background. The tall crenellated structure was an...
Stanley Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
This picture shows the dock viewed from the south west. Most of the warehouses at the dock were built in the mid-19th century to cope with vast amount of traffic passing through the city at the time....
Albert Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
A general view of Albert Dock and George's Pier Head taken across Salthouse Dock. The Victorian Albert Dock was an important point of commercial import and export for the city. George's Pier Head...
Cottages at Duddon Bridge Iron Works, Millom Without, Cumbria (1998)
This pair of late 18th- or early 19th-century cottages provided accommodation for workers at Duddon Iron Works. Initially only two rooms each, they were later extended and stabling was added. Most...
Queen Victoria Monument, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
In the period of Victoria's reign (1837-1901) Britain became one the foremost nations both politically and industrially. The Victorians were responsible many changes to the British way of life from...
Town Hall, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
One of the finest 18th-century town halls in the country, this civic building was constructed between 1749 and 1754 to the designs of James Wyatt and John Foster. The dome, surmounted by a figure of...
Port of Liverpool Building, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The office for the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, was built in 1907 to designs Arnold Thornley in collaboration with Briggs and Wolstenholme. It has been said that the design of the dome was...
Albion House, Former White Star Offices, James Street, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The shipping company Ismay, Imrie and Company, later the White Star Line, commissioned Richard Norman Shaw to design their office block in James Street. The building is based on Shaw's earlier design...
Oriel Chambers, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
This office block is a pioneering building in the use of expressed cast iron construction. It was built in 1864 by Peter Ellis and is constructed mostly of glass set in thin stone mullions...
Waterloo Warehouse, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
Warehouse built in 1867 by George Fosbery Lyster, the Liverpool dock engineer. It was built as a corn warehouse and had access to both the waterways and the rail system. The building was converted...
Royal Liver Building and Cunard Building, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
In 1908-11 the Royal Liver Assurance Company erected a new head office on Liverpool's waterfront. The two Liver Birds that sit on top of the building are a cross between an Eagle and a Cormorant (the...
Stanley Dock Warehouse, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
A warehouse which was originally built on the south side of Stanley Dock. However, in 1900 part of the dock was filled in and a Tobacco Warehouse was built in front of it. Designed by the engineer...
Stanley Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The north entrance of the dock with its hydraulic tower to the west of north warehouse and the bascule bridge and the Tobacco Warehouse in background. The tall crenellated structure was an...
Stanley Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
This picture shows the dock viewed from the south west. Most of the warehouses at the dock were built in the mid-19th century to cope with vast amount of traffic passing through the city at the time....
Albert Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
A general view of Albert Dock and George's Pier Head taken across Salthouse Dock. The Victorian Albert Dock was an important point of commercial import and export for the city. George's Pier Head...
Pumphouse, Albert Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The pumphouse that provided power for the warehouses at Albert Dock has now been converted into a theme pub, although it retains much of the original exterior character. To the right of the picture...
Cunard Building and Port of Liverpool Building, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The Cunard Building was erected in 1913-16 as the head offices for the Cunard Steamship Company to designs by Willink & Thickness with Arthur Davies. The building is somewhat overshadowed by the...
The Royal Liver Assurance Building, Liverpool (1998)
In 1908-11 Royal Liver Assurance Company erected a new head office on Liverpool's waterfront; the result being the world famous Liver Building designed by Aubrey Thomas. The first large scale...
Wapping Dock Warehouse, Liverpool (1998)
A five-storey brick warehouse, built in 1856. Many of the dock warehouses served no other function and as a result have relatively few windows. The architecturally plain face of this warehouse is...
Dock Wall and Gate, Sandon Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
Sandon Dock is one of the many Victorian docks along the Mersey that were built for the expanding shipping trade that came to Liverpool in the 19th century. Designed by Jesse Hartley the dock was...
Albert Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1998)
The dock opened to shipping in July 1846 and consisted of five stacks of five-storey warehouses with a parade for the 'recreation of the public' built along the river wall. Much of the area has now...
Duddon Furnace, Millom Without, Cumbria (1998)
The blast furnace at Duddon, built in 1737-8, is one of the best preserved in the country. The tower-like furnace stack (seen here) is typical of late charcoal-fired blast furnaces. The blowing arch...
Dalton Pumping Station, Dalton le Dale, Durham (1997)
Built using the Venetian Gothic Revival style for the Sunderland and South Shields Water Company in 1873-9, this pumping station has not been used or maintained since the 1940s. It housed two Cornish...
Dalton Pumping Station, Dalton le Dale, Durham (1997)
Built using the Venetian Gothic Revival style for the Sunderland and South Shields Water Company in 1873-9, this pumping station has not been used or maintained since the 1940s. It housed two Cornish...
Graffiti, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Graffiti is not a new phenomenon; examples can be found made by the Romans, many armies, including Napoleon's, and in several medieval prisons and dungeons. Here a quarry worker has engraved their...
Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
The aerial ropeway operated between 1928 and 1955 and linked the factory works on the mount of Honister Pass, known as the Hause, to the various mines and quarries. The ropeway operated in a similar...
Winch, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
This winch is attached to the terminus for the rail wagons that moved the slate around the site. There are also several packhorse roads on the site to move the sleds uphill, whilst moving these down...
Road End Adit, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Road End Adit has a distinctive 'maple leaf' shape and measures 6.2m high by 2.6m wide. The 0.65m gauge railway runs alongside the aerial ropeway to the tipping point. Mines and quarries were the...
Dressing Shed, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
This slate building was used for dressing the slate from the quarry before it could be sold. It is situated on Bull Gill Quarry and offered some shelter for the workers who reduced the size of the...
Bothy, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Many of the men who worked at Honister Quarry lived there during the week and only returned home for weekends. Some lived in the mine itself, while others during the 20th century stayed in...
Yewcrag Winding House, Honister Slate Mine, Cumbria (1997)
Trucks carried slate down the steep slope at Honister Pass worked by gravity and regulated by drum houses. In 1932 the Yewcrag Incline was modified and an electric winding engine installed. Although...
Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Shown is the entrance taking the slate-carrying rail wagons on the Kimberly Internal Incline to and from Fiddlers Level. Records show that Honister has been used as a resource for slate since 1728,...
Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
This picture was taken looking over the edge of the tipping point at Bull Gill Adit. From here slate could be transferred from the wagons that worked the mine into sleds, ready to be transported down...
Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
This picture was taken looking over the edge of the tipping point at Bull Gill Adit. From here slate could be transferred from the wagons that worked the mine into sleds, ready to be transported down...
Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Shown is the entrance taking the slate-carrying rail wagons on the Kimberly Internal Incline to and from Fiddlers Level. Records show that Honister has been used as a resource for slate since 1728,...
Graffiti, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Graffiti is not a new phenomenon; examples can be found made by the Romans, many armies, including Napoleon's, and in several medieval prisons and dungeons. Here a quarry worker has engraved their...
Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
The aerial ropeway operated between 1928 and 1955 and linked the factory works on the mount of Honister Pass, known as the Hause, to the various mines and quarries. The ropeway operated in a similar...
Winch, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
This winch is attached to the terminus for the rail wagons that moved the slate around the site. There are also several packhorse roads on the site to move the sleds uphill, whilst moving these down...
Road End Adit, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Road End Adit has a distinctive 'maple leaf' shape and measures 6.2m high by 2.6m wide. The 0.65m gauge railway runs alongside the aerial ropeway to the tipping point. Mines and quarries were the...
Dressing Shed, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
This slate building was used for dressing the slate from the quarry before it could be sold. It is situated on Bull Gill Quarry and offered some shelter for the workers who reduced the size of the...
Bothy, Honister Slate Mine, Buttermere, Cumbria (1997)
Many of the men who worked at Honister Quarry lived there during the week and only returned home for weekends. Some lived in the mine itself, while others during the 20th century stayed in...
Yewcrag Winding House, Honister Slate Mine, Cumbria (1997)
Trucks carried slate down the steep slope at Honister Pass worked by gravity and regulated by drum houses. In 1932 the Yewcrag Incline was modified and an electric winding engine installed. Although...
Ironstone fire chimney, Sparwood Mine, Guisborough, Cleveland (1997)
The chimney at Sparwood Mine dates from the 1860s and was one of only two in ironstone works on the North Yorkshire Moors; the majority of sites in Britain being in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire...
Ironstone fire chimney, Sparwood Mine, Guisborough, Cleveland (1997)
The chimney at Sparwood Mine dates from the 1860s and was one of only two in ironstone works on the North Yorkshire Moors; the majority of sites in Britain being in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire...
'Coupe Stone', Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1997)
This stone is one of several stones in Roudsea Wood, known locally as 'coupe stones'. These stones are about half a metre tall and marked the boundaries between separate areas of coppice or 'coupe',...
Reconstructed Bark Peeler's Hut, Roudsea Wood, Cumbria (1997)
The remains of several of these 19th-century huts are visible in Roudsea Wood, this one having been partially reconstructed. Bark used in the making of leather was stored and dried in these huts...
Bark Barn, Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1997)
This barn was built in the early 1800s to store bark prior to shipping it to tanneries. From the picture the supports for the raised floor, which provided additional ventilation, can be seen....
Reconstruction of a bark peeler's hut, Roudsea Woods, Cumbria (1997)
Bark was an important natural resource used in the tanning process. This picture shows an early 20th-century bark peeler's hut with timbers positioned to give an idea of the finished structure....
Reconstruction of a bark peeler's hut, Roudsea Woods, Cumbria (1997)
Bark was an important natural resource used in the tanning process. This picture shows an early 20th-century bark peeler's hut with timbers positioned to give an idea of the finished structure....
Bark Barn, Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1997)
This barn was built in the early 1800s to store bark prior to shipping it to tanneries. From the picture the supports for the raised floor, which provided additional ventilation, can be seen....
'Coupe Stone', Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1997)
This stone is one of several stones in Roudsea Wood, known locally as 'coupe stones'. These stones are about half a metre tall and marked the boundaries between separate areas of coppice or 'coupe',...
Reconstructed Bark Peeler's Hut, Roudsea Wood, Cumbria (1997)
The remains of several of these 19th-century huts are visible in Roudsea Wood, this one having been partially reconstructed. Bark used in the making of leather was stored and dried in these huts...
Former Powder Magazine, Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1997)
This building was built in the 19th century as a store for gunpowder prior to being shipment. It was built and controlled by the nearby Lowwood Gunpowder Works, which operated from 1798 to 1935....
Former Powder Magazine, Roudsea Wood, Haverthwaite, Cumbria (1997)
This building was built in the 19th century as a store for gunpowder prior to being shipment. It was built and controlled by the nearby Lowwood Gunpowder Works, which operated from 1798 to 1935....
Co-Op Hide and Skin Works, Colliery Road, Whickham, Tyne and Wear (1996)
Originally a soap factory then a hide and skin works, built in 1907-8 and 1911-14. Designed by L G Ekins, staff architect for Co-operative Wholesale Society. The entire construction is of L G...
Co-Op Hide and Skin Works, Colliery Road, Whickham, Tyne and Wear (1996)
Originally a soap factory then a hide and skin works, built in 1907-8 and 1911-14. Designed by L G Ekins, staff architect for Co-operative Wholesale Society. The entire construction is of L G...
Railway Viaduct, Warehouse Lane, Foulridge, Lancashire (1996)
This railway viaduct was probably built in 1848 and is of a type used by Brunel, although none of his have survived. It had 7 spans each with 6 vertical members. It is shown in 1996 as demolition was...
Railway Viaduct, Warehouse Lane, Foulridge, Lancashire (1996)
This railway viaduct was probably built in 1848 and is of a type used by Brunel, although none of his have survived. It had 7 spans each with 6 vertical members. It is shown in 1996 as demolition was...
Rack saw at Constable Burton Mill, North Yorkshire. (1996)
This waterpowered corn and saw mill was built in the late 18th century. Here, a rack saw is powered by a belt running off a drive shaft.
Milling machinery at Constable Burton Mill, North Yorkshire. (1996)
This water powered corn and saw mill was built in the late 18th century. The machinery seen here includes a mill stone covered in flour. Wheels and belts of the drive mechanism are visible.
Rack saw at Constable Burton Mill, North Yorkshire (1996)
This waterpowered corn and saw mill was built in the late 18th century. Here, a rack saw is powered by a belt running off a drive shaft.
Milling machinery at Constable Burton Mill, North Yorkshire (1996)
This water powered corn and saw mill was built in the late 18th century. The machinery seen here includes a mill stone covered in flour. Wheels and belts of the drive mechanism are visible.
Bridge 37 and Turnerwood Lock, Chesterfield Canal, South Yorkshire (1996)
The canal lock was built in the late 18th century while the bridge is early 19th. To the left of the picture a small hole in the bridge wall can be seen, which is part of the canal overflow...
Bridge 37 and Turnerwood Lock, Chesterfield Canal, South Yorkshire (1996)
The canal lock was built in the late 18th century while the bridge is early 19th. To the left of the picture a small hole in the bridge wall can be seen, which is part of the canal overflow...
Maconochie Brothers Smoking House, Kingston-upon-Hull, East Yorkshire (1996)
With its lobster-back cowls and lack of windows this building is a typical, if rather large, example of a type that flourished between 1880 and 1970 in the towns associated with the Hull fishing...
Maconochie Brothers Smoking House, Kingston-upon-Hull, East Yorkshire (1996)
With its lobster-back cowls and lack of windows this building is a typical, if rather large, example of a type that flourished between 1880 and 1970 in the towns associated with the Hull fishing...
Barton Swing Aqueduct, Eccles, Manchester (1995)
The swing aqueduct carries the Bridgewater Canal across the Manchester Ship Canal. It was built between 1893-4 when the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal meant that Brindley's stone aqueduct...
Barton Swing Aqueduct, Eccles, Manchester (1995)
The swing aqueduct carries the Bridgewater Canal across the Manchester Ship Canal. It was built between 1893-4 when the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal meant that Brindley's stone aqueduct...
Bottling machine, Market Lane Hotel, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear (1995)
This 18th-century house has been used as a hotel, public house and shop for some years. Before it became the norm for bottles to be delivered pre-packaged they would often be filled and stoppered at...
Bottling machine, Market Lane Hotel, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear (1995)
This 18th-century house has been used as a hotel, public house and shop for some years. Before it became the norm for bottles to be delivered pre-packaged they would often be filled and stoppered at...
Downham Farm, Carham, Northumberland (1995)
From the early 19th century increasing numbers of tasks in the farmyard were performed by machines. In areas which were unsuited to water power but where coal was cheaply available, steam engines...
Downham Farm, Carham, Northumberland (1995)
From the early 19th century increasing numbers of tasks in the farmyard were performed by machines. In areas which were unsuited to water power but where coal was cheaply available, steam engines...
Annison's Corner, Witham, Kingston upon Hull, East Yorkshire (1995)
This building from about 1890 was originally built as a livery stable, where horses could be kept at the expense of the owner. Stabling was on the first floor. Buildings are often adapted for more...
Annison's Corner, Witham, Kingston upon Hull, East Yorkshire (1995)
This building from about 1890 was originally built as a livery stable, where horses could be kept at the expense of the owner. Stabling was on the first floor. Buildings are often adapted for more...
Horse Engine House, Black Hall Farm, Hexhamshire Low Quarter, Northumberland (1994)
Black hall farm is a planned farm complex dating from the early 19th century, built of coursed stone rubble. The complex includes this horse engine house. Using the rotation of a horse or donkey...
Horse Engine House, Black Hall Farm, Hexhamshire Low Quarter, Northumberland (1994)
Black hall farm is a planned farm complex dating from the early 19th century, built of coursed stone rubble. The complex includes this horse engine house. Using the rotation of a horse or donkey...
Cheese oven, Manor Farm, Peckforton, Cheshire (1994)
The floor of the oven is grooved to allow the liquid whey to flow from the drying cheeses. The doors are wooden - the oven is for drying, rather than cooking, and so does not reach high temperatures.
Brindley Hall Farm, Brindley, Cheshire (1994)
Built in 3 phases between 1800 and 1890, Brindley Hall was primarily a dairy farm. The final phase of building gave extra accommodation for cattle, as well as fodder processing areas and loose boxes.
Cheese oven, Manor Farm, Peckforton, Cheshire (1994)
The floor of the oven is grooved to allow the liquid whey to flow from the drying cheeses. The doors are wooden - the oven is for drying, rather than cooking, and so does not reach high temperatures.
Brindley Hall Farm, Brindley, Cheshire (1994)
Built in 3 phases between 1800 and 1890, Brindley Hall was primarily a dairy farm. The final phase of building gave extra accommodation for cattle, as well as fodder processing areas and loose boxes.
Boots Factory, Beeston, Nottinghamshire (1994)
From the vantage point of the fourth floor the scale of the pharmaceutical works at Beeston can be appreciated. The factory was built for the Boots company in the 1930s.
Boots Factory, Beeston, Nottinghamshire (1994)
The Boots Company's pharmaceutical works in Beeston was built in the 1930s to a design by Sir E Owen Williams. It is built of reinforced concrete and has canted square mushroom columns to carry the...
Fire Station, Boots Factory, Beeston, Nottinghamshire (1994)
Chemical works are always potentially hazardous. The Boots Company's pharmaceutical works in Beeston is equipped with its own fire station, pictured here. In the background in this picture some fire...
Boots Factory, Beeston, Nottinghamshire (1994)
From the vantage point of the fourth floor the scale of the pharmaceutical works at Beeston can be appreciated. The factory was built for the Boots company in the 1930s.
Boots Factory, Beeston, Nottinghamshire (1994)
The Boots Company's pharmaceutical works in Beeston was built in the 1930s to a design by Sir E Owen Williams. It is built of reinforced concrete and has canted square mushroom columns to carry the...
Fire Station, Boots Factory, Beeston, Nottinghamshire (1994)
Chemical works are always potentially hazardous. The Boots Company's pharmaceutical works in Beeston is equipped with its own fire station, pictured here. In the background in this picture some fire...
Littleton Colliery, Stafford Road, Cannock, Staffordshire (1994)
Littleton was a 19th-century colliery with a pithead baths designed by W A Woodland. The pit finally closed in 1993 but was still the dominant feature on the skyline when this picture was taken in...
Littleton Colliery, Stafford Road, Cannock, Staffordshire (1994)
Littleton was a 19th-century colliery with a pithead baths designed by W A Woodland. The pit finally closed in 1993 but was still the dominant feature on the skyline when this picture was taken in...
Green Farm, Burland, Cheshire (1993)
The tiles of this 18th-century house are being replaced. The renovation of buildings such as this requires the use materials that are in keeping with the character of the house. This can make owning...
Green Farm, Burland, Cheshire (1993)
The tiles of this 18th-century house are being replaced. The renovation of buildings such as this requires the use materials that are in keeping with the character of the house. This can make owning...
Hareby Farm, Hareby, Lincolnshire (1993)
This model home farmstead was built in circa 1850. The buildings are plain but their scale is imposing. The cattle yards (at the rear) are arranged around the threshing barn and fodder rooms to...
High Barn, West Keal, Lincolnshire (1993)
High Barn Farm was established in the late 18th century and was worked until about 1900. The interior of this barn features line shafting that would have powered agricultural machinery, probably a...
High Barn, West Keal, Lincolnshire (1993)
High Barn Farm was established in the late 18th century and was worked until about 1900. This barn features various pieces of agricultural equipment on the ground floor and storage and processing...
High Barn, West Keal, Lincolnshire (1993)
High Barn Farm was established in the late 18th century and was worked until about 1900. The interior of this barn features line shafting that would have powered agricultural machinery, probably a...
High Barn, West Keal, Lincolnshire (1993)
High Barn Farm was established in the late 18th century and was worked until about 1900. This barn features various pieces of agricultural equipment on the ground floor and storage and processing...
Hareby Farm, Hareby, Lincolnshire (1993)
This model home farmstead was built in circa 1850. The buildings are plain but their scale is imposing. The cattle yards (at the rear) are arranged around the threshing barn and fodder rooms to...
Slaughterhouse, Asgarby House Farm, Lusby with Winceby, Lincolnshire (1993)
Asgarby House Farm was built in 1881 as a planned farm, rather tan developing piecemeal. The picture shows the abattoir for the farm.
Slaughterhouse, Asgarby House Farm, Lusby with Winceby, Lincolnshire (1993)
Asgarby House Farm was built in 1881 as a planned farm, rather tan developing piecemeal. The picture shows the abattoir for the farm.
Workshop, Waleswood Colliery, Wales, South Yorkshire (1993)
This building doubled as a workshop and store for the colliery. The colliery itself dates from the mid 19th century and closed in May 1948, although many of the buildings were used after this date....
Workshop, Waleswood Colliery, Wales, South Yorkshire (1993)
This building doubled as a workshop and store for the colliery. The colliery itself dates from the mid 19th century and closed in May 1948, although many of the buildings were used after this date....
Winding Engine Controls, Hickleton Main Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
Pictured are the controls for the winding mechanism in engine house number 3. This was built in the early 1920s along with shaft number 3. The steam winding engine was built by Markham and Company of...
Entrance to Shaft, Hickleton Main Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
Pictured is the entrance to part of the colliery. Hickleton colliery has several vertical shafts as well as the pictured drift, which is a sloping shaft in this case served by a small railway.
Number 3 Shaft, Hickleton Main Colliery, Dearne, South Yorkshire (1993)
The shaft was sunk and the associated buildings constructed probably in 1921. The headgear and shaft buildings were encased in ferro-concrete in the 1970s and 1980s. The steam winding engine remained...
Entrance to Shaft, Hickleton Main Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
Pictured is the entrance to part of the colliery. Hickleton colliery has several vertical shafts as well as the pictured drift, which is a sloping shaft in this case served by a small railway.
Number 3 Shaft, Hickleton Main Colliery, Dearne, South Yorkshire (1993)
The shaft was sunk and the associated buildings constructed probably in 1921. The headgear and shaft buildings were encased in ferro-concrete in the 1970s and 1980s. The steam winding engine remained...
Winding Engine Controls, Hickleton Main Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
Pictured are the controls for the winding mechanism in engine house number 3. This was built in the early 1920s along with shaft number 3. The steam winding engine was built by Markham and Company of...
Power house at Rossington Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
Building the central part of this power house was begun in about 1910, while the two adjacent buildings carry datestones inscribed with the year 1915. The building is one of several auxiliary...
Power house at Rossington Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
Building the central part of this power house was begun in about 1910, while the two adjacent buildings carry datestones inscribed with the year 1915. The building is one of several auxiliary...
Offices, Kiveton Park Colliery, Wales, South Yorkshire (1993)
These offices were built for Kiveton Park Colliery between 1872 and 1875. The architectural style owes more to ideas on civic buildings of the time like schools and hospitals than industrial sites.
Kiveton Park Colliery, Wales, South Yorkshire (1993)
Kiveton Park Colliery was opened in 1866. It has various associated buildings that were erected over the following century. Several stores, workshops and processing buildings are shown in this...
Offices, Kiveton Park Colliery, Wales, South Yorkshire (1993)
These offices were built for Kiveton Park Colliery between 1872 and 1875. The architectural style owes more to ideas on civic buildings of the time like schools and hospitals than industrial sites.
Kiveton Park Colliery, Wales, South Yorkshire (1993)
Kiveton Park Colliery was opened in 1866. It has various associated buildings that were erected over the following century. Several stores, workshops and processing buildings are shown in this...
Houghton Main Colliery, Little Houghton, South Yorkshire (1993)
Work began at Houghton Main Colliery with the sinking of the first two shafts in 1870. This was completed in 1873 and was followed by the sinking of further shafts in 1924 and 1940. The colliery...
Houghton Main Colliery, Little Houghton, South Yorkshire (1993)
Work began at Houghton Main Colliery with the sinking of the first two shafts in 1870. This was completed in 1873 and was followed by the sinking of further shafts in 1924 and 1940. The colliery...
Winding Tower Number 3, Maltby Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
The number 3 shaft was sunk in 1981 to mine the Parkgate and Swallow Wood seams. The tower uses a Koepe winding system with two 4,000 horsepower motors.
Maltby Colliery, Tickenhill Road, Maltby, South Yorkshire (1993)
The Maltby Colliery was developed by the Maltby Main Colliery Company, a subsidiary of the Sheepbridge Iron and Coal Company in 1911. It features undercover links between the buildings for miners and...
Overview of Maltby Colliery, Maltby, South Yorkshire (1993)
This picture was taken from the top of tower number 3, overlooking the rest of the colliery. Running diagonally from the bottom left of the picture is the covered miners' walkway that connected the...
Inside the Power House, Maltby Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
The power house was built between 1910 and 1911 and adjoins Number 1 winding engine house. It was modified in the 1940s and is one of many auxiliary buildings associated with the colliery.
Keope Winders, Tower No. 3, Maltby Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
These winders are of a type not popular in England until after WWII due to safety worries. By positioning the winder drums at the top of the tower wear on the machinery is reduced and a smoother...
Winding Tower Number 3, Maltby Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
The number 3 shaft was sunk in 1981 to mine the Parkgate and Swallow Wood seams. The tower uses a Koepe winding system with two 4,000 horsepower motors.
Maltby Colliery, Tickhill Road, Maltby, South Yorkshire (1993)
The Maltby Colliery was developed by the Maltby Main Colliery Company, a subsidiary of the Sheepbridge Iron and Coal Company in 1911. It features undercover links between the buildings for miners and...
Overview of Maltby Colliery, Maltby, South Yorkshire (1993)
This picture was taken from the top of tower number 3, overlooking the rest of the colliery. Running diagonally from the bottom left of the picture is the covered miners' walkway that connected the...
Inside the Power House, Maltby Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
The power house was built between 1910 and 1911 and adjoins Number 1 winding engine house. It was modified in the 1940s and is one of many auxiliary buildings associated with the colliery.
Keope Winders, Tower No. 3, Maltby Colliery, South Yorkshire (1993)
These winders are of a type not popular in England until after WWII due to safety worries. By positioning the winder drums at the top of the tower wear on the machinery is reduced and a smoother...
Crowle House, High Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, East Yorkshire (1993)
Built in 1664 for a merchant named George Crowle, this house is situated in a courtyard reached via narrow passage from High Street. The brickwork facade is a style known as 'Artisan Mannerist'....
Crowle House, High Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, East Yorkshire (1993)
Built in 1664 for a merchant named George Crowle, this house is situated in a courtyard reached via narrow passage from High Street. The brickwork facade is a style known as 'Artisan Mannerist'....
Heavy lifting crane, Railway Dock, Goole, East Yoprkshire (1993)
The crane shown was built sometime between 1930 and 1950 by Cowans Sheldon & Co of Carlisle. It is positioned on rails and to give it mobility and revolves, which gives it 360-degree access to loads....
Dry Dock, South Dock, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
The Aire & Calder Navigation Co built the dry dock in 1908-1910 for the repair and inspection of vessels. Some docks are sealed using an underwater airtight compartment called a caisson; this one has...
Hydraulic Accumulator Tower, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
Built between 1908 and 1910 by the Aire & Calder Navigation Co, this tower is a cylindrical wrought-iron or steel accumulator (battery) and stands 15 metres high. There is no evidence of an engine...
Barge Dock, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
The barge dock in Goole was built in the 1920s or 30s. There are eight entrances on each side; the northern ones are visible on the picture. To the opposite side of the quay the dock building opens...
Warehouse and Transit Shed, Railway Dock, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
This building has been used as a store since it was built sometime between 1890 and 1920. At one time a travelling crane was installed alongside the dock. Along the wall of the building can be seen...
Canal boat hoist and generator house, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
The bothy and generator house probably served the adjacent hoist, which dates from between 1930 and 1950. Canal barges could be picked up by the lifting gear and, while held in place by iron clamps,...
Heavy lifting crane, Railway Dock, Goole, East Yoprkshire (1993)
The crane shown was built sometime between 1930 and 1950 by Cowans Sheldon & Co of Carlisle. It is positioned on rails and to give it mobility and revolves, which gives it 360-degree access to loads....
Dry Dock, South Dock, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
The Aire & Calder Navigation Co built the dry dock in 1908-1910 for the repair and inspection of vessels. Some docks are sealed using an underwater airtight compartment called a caisson; this one has...
Hydraulic Accumulator Tower, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
Built between 1908 and 1910 by the Aire & Calder Navigation Co, this tower is a cylindrical wrought-iron or steel accumulator (battery) and stands 15 metres high. There is no evidence of an engine...
Barge Dock, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
The barge dock in Goole was built in the 1920s or 30s. There are eight entrances on each side; the northern ones are visible on the picture. To the opposite side of the quay the dock building opens...
Warehouse and Transit Shed, Railway Dock, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
This building has been used as a store since it was built sometime between 1890 and 1920. At one time a travelling crane was installed alongside the dock. Along the wall of the building can be seen...
Canal boat hoist and generator house, Goole, East Yorkshire (1993)
The bothy and generator house probably served the adjacent hoist, which dates from between 1930 and 1950. Canal barges could be picked up by the lifting gear and, while held in place by iron clamps,...
Alton's Cigar Factory, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire (1993)
Several 18th- and 19-century houses were combined to make the Alton factory. The picture shows the office for the factory. Although some modern features exist, such as the lighting and heaters, this...
Alton's Cigar Factory, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire (1993)
Three town houses built in the late 18th and early 19th century were converted into shops and the cigar factory. These machines are tobacco grinders.
Alton's Cigar Factory, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire (1993)
Three town houses built in the late 18th and early 19th century were converted into shops and the cigar factory. These machines are tobacco grinders.
Alton's Cigar Factory, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire (1993)
Several 18th- and 19-century houses were combined to make the Alton factory. The picture shows the office for the factory. Although some modern features exist, such as the lighting and heaters, this...
Abattoir, Birkenhead, Merseyside (1992)
The Birkenhead Abattoir, occupied by the Tranmere Meat Company, opened in 1886. This office dealt with weighing the carcasses from the piggeries nearby.
Abattoir, Birkenhead, Merseyside (1992)
This abattoir dates from 1886. The picture shows the entrance to the slaughterhouse.
Abattoir, Birkenhead, Merseyside (1992)
This abattoir dates from 1886. The picture shows the entrance to the slaughterhouse.
Abattoir, Birkenhead, Merseyside (1992)
The Birkenhead Abattoir, occupied by the Tranmere Meat Company, opened in 1886. This office dealt with weighing the carcasses from the piggeries nearby.
Windmill and bolier house, Everton, Nottingham (1992)
The tower mill was built circa 1830. A boiler house was added in the late 19th century to create a more flexible milling complex. The boiler house may have powered the windmill when there was...
Windmill and bolier house, Everton, Nottingham (1992)
The tower mill was built circa 1830. A boiler house was added in the late 19th century to create a more flexible milling complex. The boiler house may have powered the windmill when there was...
Sutton Manor Colliery, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
The pithead winding gear of shaft no 2 at Sutton Manor colliery. The mine was upgraded in the 1950s, and these structures apeear to date from that period.
Sutton Manor Colliery, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
Sutton Manor colliery was in the West Lancashire Coalfield. By the time of this photograph the mine was closed. Here shaft no 2 is being sealed for safety.
Bold Power Station, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
A disused modern power station comprising hoppers, administrative buildings, smoke stack and cooling towers. This picture shows the control room in the power station.
Bold Power Station, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
This power station, which is no longer in use, has a range of utilitarian and administrative buildings. Pictured is the pipework on the ground floor, through which the steam that drove the turbines...
Bold Power Station, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
This power station for the St Helens area on Merseyside consisted of a series of buildings, including hoppers, administrative buildings, smoke stack and cooling towers. It is pictured here as it was...
Bold Power Station, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
A disused modern power station comprising hoppers, administrative buildings, smoke stack and cooling towers. This picture shows the control room in the power station.
Bold Power Station, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
This power station, which is no longer in use, has a range of utilitarian and administrative buildings. Pictured is the pipework on the ground floor, through which the steam that drove the turbines...
Bold Power Station, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
This power station for the St Helens area on Merseyside consisted of a series of buildings, including hoppers, administrative buildings, smoke stack and cooling towers. It is pictured here as it was...
Sutton Manor Colliery, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
The pithead winding gear of shaft no 2 at Sutton Manor colliery. The mine was upgraded in the 1950s, and these structures apeear to date from that period.
Sutton Manor Colliery, St Helens, Merseyside (1992)
Sutton Manor colliery was in the West Lancashire Coalfield. By the time of this photograph the mine was closed. Here shaft no 2 is being sealed for safety.
Stable block, Howsham Hall, North Yorkshire (1991)
The stable block associated with the 17th-century Howsham Hall was built in about 1775 and has been attributed to John Carr. A clock tower with lantern and cupols is on the side facing the house.
Stable block, Howsham Hall, North Yorkshire (1991)
The courtyard within the stable block at Howsham Hall which was built around 1775, possibly by John Carr who was also employed to remodel the Hall.
Stable block, Howsham Hall, North Yorkshire (1991)
The stable block associated with the 17th-century Howsham Hall was built in about 1775 and has been attributed to John Carr. A clock tower with lantern and cupols is on the side facing the house.
Stable block, Howsham Hall, North Yorkshire (1991)
The courtyard within the stable block at Howsham Hall which was built around 1775, possibly by John Carr who was also employed to remodel the Hall.
PROTECTEUR AUDITIF À ATTÉNUATION ACOUSTIQUE ACTIVE UTILISANT UN FILTRE NUMÉRIQUE (1990)
Les protecteurs auditifs classiques : serre-têtes ou bouchons d'oreille sont efficaces surtout aux fréquences élevées. L'adjonction à ces protecteurs passifs d'un dispositif à atténuation...
PROTECTEUR AUDITIF À ATTÉNUATION ACOUSTIQUE ACTIVE UTILISANT UN FILTRE NUMÉRIQUE (1990)
Les protecteurs auditifs classiques : serre-têtes ou bouchons d'oreille sont efficaces surtout aux fréquences élevées. L'adjonction à ces protecteurs passifs d'un dispositif à atténuation...
PROTECTEUR AUDITIF À ATTÉNUATION ACOUSTIQUE ACTIVE UTILISANT UN FILTRE NUMÉRIQUE (1990)
Les protecteurs auditifs classiques : serre-têtes ou bouchons d'oreille sont efficaces surtout aux fréquences élevées. L'adjonction à ces protecteurs passifs d'un dispositif à atténuation...
Victoria Tower, Salisbury Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1989)
Salisbury Dock is one of a group of docks opened on the same day in 1848 and all designed by Jesse Hartley - the others being Collingwood, Stanley, Nelson and Bramley-Moore Docks. The Victoria Clock...
Victoria Tower, Salisbury Dock, Liverpool, Merseyside (1989)
Salisbury Dock is one of a group of docks opened on the same day in 1848 and all designed by Jesse Hartley - the others being Collingwood, Stanley, Nelson and Bramley-Moore Docks. The Victoria Clock...
Graving Dock, Canning Dock, Liverpool (1985)
Two graving docks were built at this site in 1765 when the area was redeveloped. Graving is the process of burning off accumulated weed from the bottom of a ship and then tarring it in a dry-dock. In...
Graving Dock, Canning Dock, Liverpool (1985)
Two graving docks were built at this site in 1765 when the area was redeveloped. Graving is the process of burning off accumulated weed from the bottom of a ship and then tarring it in a dry-dock. In...