N. Y. Kung, Y. Guan, N. R. Perkins, L. Bissett, T. Ellis, L. Sims, ...
Retail live poultry markets (LPMs) may act as a reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIV). In this study we test the hypothesis that a rest day in the LPMs where the stalls are completely emptied of...
An Update on Avian Influenza in Hong Kong 2002 (2003)
L. D. Sims, Y. Guan, T. M. Ellis, K. K. Liu, K. Dyrting, H. Wong, ...
An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by multiple genotypes of H5N1 virus occurred in Hong Kong, commencing in January 2002. Infection in local chicken farms was preceded by the...
Avian Influenza in Hong Kong 1997–2002 (2003)
L. D. Sims, T. M. Ellis, K. K. Liu, K. Dyrting, H. Wong, M. Peiris, ...
In 1997, a high-pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza virus caused serious disease in both man and poultry in Hong Kong, China. Eighteen human cases of disease were recorded, six of which were fatal....
R. J. Webby, P. R. Woolcock, S. L. Krauss, D. B. Walker, P. S. Chin, K. F. Shortridge, ...
From February 2000 through September 2001, a limited number of H6N2 influenza viruses were isolated from chickens in California. This report describes the genetic characterization of nine of these...
Y. Guan, K. C. Dyrting, T. M. Ellis, L. Sims, ...
The H5N1 virus (H5N1/97) that caused the bird flu incident in Hong Kong in 1997 has not been isolated since the poultry slaughter in late 1997. But the donor of its H5 hemagglutinin gene,...
Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. (1998)
Claas, E.C.J., Van Beek, R., De Jong, J.C., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., Senne, D.A., ...
Influenza A H9N2: Aspects of Laboratory Diagnosis
Peiris, M., Yam, W. C., Chan, K. H., Ghose, P., Shortridge, K. F.
Guan, Y., Shortridge, K. F., Krauss, S., Chin, P. S., Dyrting, K. C., Ellis, T. M., ...
The transmission of H9N2 influenza viruses to humans and the realization that the A/Hong Kong/156/97-like (H5N1) (abbreviated HK/156/97) genome complex may be present in H9N2 viruses in southeastern...
Peiris, J. S. M., Guan, Y., Markwell, D., Ghose, P., Webster, R. G., Shortridge, K. F.
Pigs are permissive to both human and avian influenza viruses and have been proposed to be an intermediate host for the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation of...
Emergence of multiple genotypes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Hong Kong SAR
Guan, Y., Peiris, J. S. M., Lipatov, A. S., Ellis, T. M., Dyrting, K. C., Krauss, S., ...
Although A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1/97)-like viruses associated with the “bird flu” incident in Hong Kong SAR have not been detected since the slaughter of poultry in 1997, its putative precursors...
Chan, K. H., Maldeis, N., Pope, W., Yup, A., Ozinskas, A., Gill, J., ...
Directigen FluA+B (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.), a new rapid test for the detection of influenza virus types A and B, was evaluated with nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens collected from 250...
Chin, P. S., Hoffmann, E., Webby, R., Webster, R. G., Guan, Y., Peiris, M., ...
The A/teal/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1) influenza virus and the human H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses possess similar genes encoding internal proteins, suggesting that H6N1 viruses could become novel...
Li, K. S., Xu, K. M., Peiris, J. S. M., Poon, L. L. M., Yu, K. Z., Yuen, K. Y., ...
A current view of the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses envisages a gene flow from the aquatic avian reservoir to humans via reassortment in pigs, the hypothetical “mixing vessel.”...
Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China.
Guan, Y, Shortridge, K F, Krauss, S, Li, P H, Kawaoka, Y, Webster, R G
Avian influenza A viruses from Asia are recognized as the source of genes that reassorted with human viral genes to generate the Asian/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) pandemic strains earlier in...
Possible waterborne transmission and maintenance of influenza viruses in domestic ducks.
Markwell, D D, Shortridge, K F
Two duck farms in Hong Kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. The predominant virus in one community was H3N2, a...
A series of avian orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses were cocultivated in embryonated chicken eggs. This resulted in two categories of behavior being observed: (i) one virus was preferentially...
Trypsinized human group O erythrocytes were found to be a suitable alternative to gander cells in hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) tests for Japanese encephalitis (JE)...
The suitability of using dodecylamine-gel for removing the serum non-antibody-like inhibitors of haemagglutination by rubella was studied. Compared with kaolin and MnCl2/heparin treatment this new...
Immune and non-immune rubella sera were examined in the haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test to evaluate the removal of lipoprotein non-specific inhibitors (NSI) of haemagglutination after kaolin...
Influenza A H9N2: Aspects of Laboratory Diagnosis
Peiris, M., Yam, W. C., Chan, K. H., Ghose, P., Shortridge, K. F.
Guan, Y., Shortridge, K. F., Krauss, S., Chin, P. S., Dyrting, K. C., Ellis, T. M., ...
The transmission of H9N2 influenza viruses to humans and the realization that the A/Hong Kong/156/97-like (H5N1) (abbreviated HK/156/97) genome complex may be present in H9N2 viruses in southeastern...
Peiris, J. S. M., Guan, Y., Markwell, D., Ghose, P., Webster, R. G., Shortridge, K. F.
Pigs are permissive to both human and avian influenza viruses and have been proposed to be an intermediate host for the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation of...
Emergence of multiple genotypes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Hong Kong SAR
Guan, Y., Peiris, J. S. M., Lipatov, A. S., Ellis, T. M., Dyrting, K. C., Krauss, S., ...
Although A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1/97)-like viruses associated with the “bird flu” incident in Hong Kong SAR have not been detected since the slaughter of poultry in 1997, its putative precursors...
Chan, K. H., Maldeis, N., Pope, W., Yup, A., Ozinskas, A., Gill, J., ...
Directigen FluA+B (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.), a new rapid test for the detection of influenza virus types A and B, was evaluated with nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens collected from 250...
Chin, P. S., Hoffmann, E., Webby, R., Webster, R. G., Guan, Y., Peiris, M., ...
The A/teal/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1) influenza virus and the human H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses possess similar genes encoding internal proteins, suggesting that H6N1 viruses could become novel...
Li, K. S., Xu, K. M., Peiris, J. S. M., Poon, L. L. M., Yu, K. Z., Yuen, K. Y., ...
A current view of the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses envisages a gene flow from the aquatic avian reservoir to humans via reassortment in pigs, the hypothetical “mixing vessel.”...
Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China.
Guan, Y, Shortridge, K F, Krauss, S, Li, P H, Kawaoka, Y, Webster, R G
Avian influenza A viruses from Asia are recognized as the source of genes that reassorted with human viral genes to generate the Asian/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) pandemic strains earlier in...
Possible waterborne transmission and maintenance of influenza viruses in domestic ducks.
Markwell, D D, Shortridge, K F
Two duck farms in Hong Kong were examined monthly for 1 year for the occurrence and persistence of influenza viruses within the duck communities. The predominant virus in one community was H3N2, a...
A series of avian orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses were cocultivated in embryonated chicken eggs. This resulted in two categories of behavior being observed: (i) one virus was preferentially...
Trypsinized human group O erythrocytes were found to be a suitable alternative to gander cells in hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) tests for Japanese encephalitis (JE)...
The suitability of using dodecylamine-gel for removing the serum non-antibody-like inhibitors of haemagglutination by rubella was studied. Compared with kaolin and MnCl2/heparin treatment this new...
Immune and non-immune rubella sera were examined in the haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test to evaluate the removal of lipoprotein non-specific inhibitors (NSI) of haemagglutination after kaolin...
Higgins, D A, Shortridge, K F, Ng, P L
The capacity of the IgM-like bile immunoglobulin (IgX) of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) to express antibody activity to H3N2 influenza A viruses, and the dependence of this activity on the...
Duan, L., Campitelli, L., Fan, X. H., Leung, Y. H. C., Vijaykrishna, D., Zhang, J. X., ...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses are now endemic in many Asian countries, resulting in repeated outbreaks in poultry and increased cases of human infection. The immediate...
Interferon synthesis by human colostral leucocytes.
Lawton, J W, Shortridge, K F, Wong, R L, Ng, M H
The antiviral potential of human colostral leucocytes was assessed by their capacity to produce interferon. Leucocytes cultured from colostrum were stimulated by mitogens or Newcastle disease virus...