Biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis (1984)
Van Dyck, E, Peeters, M, Hale, J, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. Among a total of...
HOOPER, R. R., REYNOLDS, G. H., JONES, O. G., ZAIDI, A., WIESNER, P. J., LATIMER, K. P., ...
Reliable data on the risk of transmission of N. gonorrhoeae would enhance our understanding of the Importance of host dofenses against gonorrhea and would aid in the evaluation of prophylactic...
Human ecology and behavior and sexually transmitted bacterial infections.
The three direct determinants of the rate of spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are sexual behaviors, the mean duration of infectiousness, and the mean efficiency of sexual transmission...
Trends in susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone from 1985 through 1991.
Schwebke, J R, Whittington, W, Rice, R J, Handsfield, H H, Hale, J, Holmes, K K
The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 16,441 gonococcal isolates from Seattle-King County were determined for ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. From 1985 to 1989, ceftriaxone,...
Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the glycylcyclines.
Whittington, W L, Roberts, M C, Hale, J, Holmes, K K
To assess the activities of two glycylcyclines, N,N-dimethylglycylamido (DMG) derivatives of minocycline (MINO) and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMDOT), 203 gonococcal isolates recovered at six...
Ineffectiveness and toxicity of BCG vaccine for the prevention of recurrent genital herpes.
Douglas, J M, Vontver, L A, Stamm, W E, Reeves, W C, Critchlow, C, Remington, M L, ...
One hundred fifty-five patients with genital herpes were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 0.1 ml of intradermal BCG vaccine with placebo for the prevention of recurrent...
Tetracycline-resistant Mycoplasma hominis strains contain streptococcal tetM sequences.
Roberts, M C, Koutsky, L A, Holmes, K K, LeBlanc, D J, Kenny, G E
Clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis resistant to high levels of tetracycline contained DNA sequences homologous to the streptococcal tetracycline determinant, tetM. In contrast, none of the...
Tetracycline resistance and tetM in pathogenic urogenital bacteria.
Roberts, M C, Hillier, S L, Hale, J, Holmes, K K, Kenny, G E
Clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteroides spp., and Mobiluncus spp. were screened for resistance to tetracycline and for the presence of the streptococcal tetM...
In vitro susceptibilities of Campylobacter-like organisms to twenty antimicrobial agents.
Flores, B M, Fennell, C L, Holmes, K K, Stamm, W E
We determined MICs of 20 antimicrobial agents for 50 representative strains of four subgroups of Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) by agar dilution. Ampicillin, gentamicin, doxycycline,...
Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with rosoxacin.
Handsfield, H H, Judson, F N, Holmes, K K
In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study, single oral doses of rosoxacin were used to treat 126 patients with uncomplicated genital or anorectal gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was...
Characterization of ampicillin resistance plasmids from Haemophilus ducreyi.
Totten, P A, Handsfield, H H, Peters, D, Holmes, K K, Falkow, S
Seven strains of Haemophilus ducreyi from diverse geographic origins were analyzed for their plasmid content. All strains were multiply resistant, but only resistance to ampicillin was transferred to...
Efficacy of aztreonam in treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits.
Lukehart, S A, Baker-Zander, S A, Holmes, K K
The efficacy of aztreonam (SQ 26,776) in the therapy of active syphilis infection was evaluated in the rabbit model. Aztreonam was effective in treating active syphilis at a dose of 25 mg/kg given...
Immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates in Seattle, Washington.
Kuo, C C, Wang, S P, Holmes, K K, Grayston, J T
The immunotype distribution of 493 Chlamydia trachomatis isolates from 467 adults and 26 infants in the Seattle area from 1965 to 1982 is presented. All except one of the isolates from adults were...
Eschenbach, D A, Davick, P R, Williams, B L, Klebanoff, S J, Young-Smith, K, Critchlow, C M, ...
A predominance of Lactobacillus species in the vaginal flora is considered normal. In women with bacterial vaginosis, the prevalence and concentrations of intravaginal Gardnerella vaginalis and...
Detection of Treponema pallidum in lesion exudate with a pathogen-specific monoclonal antibody.
Hook, E W, Roddy, R E, Lukehart, S A, Hom, J, Holmes, K K, Tam, M R
The diagnosis of early syphilis currently requires dark-field microscopic or serologic demonstration of Treponema pallidum infection. Dark-field microscopy is not widely available and is complicated...
Lin, J Y, Chen, K C, Hale, J, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
Glycine, one of the end products of hippurate hydrolysis by microorganisms, was detected by a rapid, specific technique utilizing two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. A loopful of growth of...
A fluorescent spot test method for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases as previously published (K. C. S. Chen, J. S. Knapp, and K. K. Holmes, J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:818-825, 1984) was...
Totten, P A, Patton, C M, Tenover, F C, Barrett, T J, Stamm, W E, Steigerwalt, A G, ...
A total of 593 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter species were isolated either from humans with diarrhea or from poultry in King County, Washington. Of these strains, 98 (52 hippurate-positive...
A modified oxidation-fermentation medium was developed as a practical medium for highly sensitive and specific detection of acid production from carbohydrates by Neisseria spp. and Branhamella...
Gonococcal sensitivity to fecal lipids can be mediated by an Mtr-independent mechanism.
McFarland, L, Mietzner, T A, Knapp, J S, Sandstrom, E, Holmes, K K, Morse, S A
Various factors affect the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to physiological levels of hydrophobic molecules. A total of 98 N. gonorrhoeae strains from rectal, cervical, and urethral cultures of...
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct gram stain of vaginal fluid.
Spiegel, C A, Amsel, R, Holmes, K K
To determine whether bacterial vaginosis (BV), also known as nonspecific vaginitis, could be diagnosed by evaluating a Gram stain of vaginal fluid, we examined samples from 60 women of whom 25 had...
Antigen detection for the diagnosis of gonorrhea.
Stamm, W E, Cole, B, Fennell, C, Bonin, P, Armstrong, A S, Herrmann, J E, ...
We compared the diagnostic value of an enzyme immunoassay method for detection of gonococcal antigen in genital secretions with culture results and direct Gram stain for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in...
Chen, K C, Knapp, J S, Holmes, K K
A rapid method was developed for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases which uses ampicillin and cephalexin as substrates. The end products (open beta-lactam ring forms) generated after...
Biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis.
Piot, P, Van Dyck, E, Peeters, M, Hale, J, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. Among a total of...
Roberts, M C, Hillier, S L, Schoenknecht, F D, Holmes, K K
Seventy strains of Mobiluncus, motile curved anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis, were correctly identified to species level by using bacteria fixed to nitrocellulose and...
Identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis.
Piot, P, Van Dyck, E, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
Different tests for the identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis and for its differentiation from catalase-negative unclassified coryneforms from the vagina were evaluated on over 200...
Totten, P A, Amsel, R, Hale, J, Piot, P, Holmes, K K
New selective and differential human blood bilayer agar media with Tween 80 (HBT medium) or without Tween 80 (HB medium), developed for the isolation of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis, permitted...
Chen, K C, Culbertson, N J, Knapp, J S, Kenny, G E, Holmes, K K
A specific procedure has been developed for the detection of the first two enzymes involved in the arginine dihydrolase system and the detection of the decarboxylases of arginine, glutamic acid,...
Bacteriology of the urethra in normal men and men with nongonococcal urethritis.
Bowie, W R, Pollock, H M, Forsyth, P S, Floyd, J F, Alexander, E R, Wang, S P, ...
Sixty-nine Caucasian males without a previous history of urethritis and who developed nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and 39 similar men without urethritis (NU) were cultured from the urethra for...
Wang, S P, Grayston, J T, Alexander, E R, Holmes, K K
A simplified microimmunofluorescence test with trachoma-lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis) antigens has been devised as a screening test for antibody in human sera. The test differs...
Wagner, K F, Blair, A D, Counts, G W, Holmes, K K
The pharmacokinetic properties of cyclacillin administered as a 3.0-g oral dose, with and without progenecid, have been studied and correlated with in vitro activity of the drug against 109 isolates...
Winterscheid, K K, Whittington, W L, Roberts, M C, Schwebke, J R, Holmes, K K
Genital and anorectal isolates of Neisseria meningitidis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined. Twelve of 43 isolates demonstrated moderate susceptibility to...
Schoolnik, G K, Buchanan, T M, Holmes, K K
The susceptibility of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the bactericidal action of normal human sera was determined for isolates from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection and...
Morse, S A, Lysko, P G, McFarland, L, Knapp, J S, Sandstrom, E, Critchlow, C, ...
Loci designated penA, penB, and mtr contribute additively to penicillin G resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae; the mtr locus also confers resistance to hydrophobic dyes, detergents, and antibiotics,...
Brunham, R C, Kuo, C C, Cles, L, Holmes, K K
We studied 95 women with uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection. Quantitative isolation of C. trachomatis was performed in HeLa 229 cells, and the results were correlated with serum...
Brunham, R C, Martin, D H, Kuo, C C, Wang, S P, Stevens, C E, Hubbard, T, ...
A lymphocyte transformation (LT) assay for the study of the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis in humans is described. Subjects studied included 9 newborns whose mothers were C....
Durfee, M A, Forsyth, P S, Hale, J A, Holmes, K K
To assess the efficacy of oral erythromycin in the treatment of nonspecific vaginitis (NSV), conducted a nonrandom, unblinded pilot study among 17 women with symptoms and signs of NSV. At the...
Brunham, R C, Martin, D H, Hubbard, T W, Kuo, C C, Critchlow, C W, Cles, L D, ...
Lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses to Chlamydia trachomatis, to four other microbial antigens, and to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in 201 women during pregnancy and/or 3-18 wk...
Amine content of vaginal fluid from untreated and treated patients with nonspecific vaginitis.
Chen, K C, Forsyth, P S, Buchanan, T M, Holmes, K K
We examined the vaginal washings from patients with nonspecific vaginitis (NSV) to seek biochemical markers and possible explanations for the signs and symptoms of this syndrome. Seven amines were...
Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Bowie, W R, Wang, S P, Alexander, E R, Floyd, J, Forsyth, P S, Pollock, H M, ...
Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma), and Hemophilus vaginalis have previously been considered possible etiological agents in nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). In this study,...
Genital inoculation of male baboons with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
DiGiacomo, R F, Gale, J L, Holmes, K K, Buchanan, T M
Eight male baboons inoculated intraurethrally with Neisseria gonorrhoeae failed to shed gonococci or develop serum antibody. Urethral inoculation, preceded by epididymal inoculation, elicited an...
Role of iron in disseminated gonococcal infections.
Payne, S M, Holmes, K K, Finkelstein, R A
Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from disseminated gonococcal infections have enhanced ability to acquire iron in an experimental host when compared with urogenital gonococcal isolates from...
Reevaluation of bacteriocinogeny in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Knapp, J S, Falkow, S, Holmes, K K
Bacteriocin typing has been described previously and proposed for typing gonococci. A survey has been made of 150 strains of N. gonorrhoeae from various places to determine the feasibility of a...
Rattray, M C, Peterman, G M, Altman, L C, Corey, L, Holmes, K K
Lymphocyte transformation and production of lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor in response to herpes simplex virus antigen were studied in 15 patients with initial genital herpes and 10 controls....
Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies.
Tam, M R, Buchanan, T M, Sandström, E G, Holmes, K K, Knapp, J S, Siadak, A W, ...
Hybrid cells producing monoclonal antibodies against antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were obtained by the polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes from mice...
Sánchez, J, Gotuzzo, E, Escamilla, J, Carrillo, C, Phillips, I A, Barrios, C, ...
OBJECTIVES. This study examined the prevalences of antibodies to Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 in a sample of Peruvian adults. METHODS. Among adults...
The increasing frequency of heterosexually acquired AIDS in the United States, 1983-88.
Holmes, K K, Karon, J M, Kreiss, J
Of 88,510 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported in adults in the United States from 1983 through 1988, the percentage attributed to reported heterosexual contact with persons...
Rice, R J, Roberts, P L, Handsfield, H H, Holmes, K K
BACKGROUND. Despite a declining incidence during the AIDS era, gonorrhea remains the most frequently reported communicable disease in the United States. METHODS. During 1986 and 1987 we supplemented...
Gonorrhea in the HIV era: a reversal in trends among men who have sex with men.
Fox, K K, Del Rio, C, Holmes, K K, Hook, E W, Judson, F N, Knapp, J S, ...
OBJECTIVES: Gonorrhea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) declined in the early years of the HIV epidemic. We evaluated more recent trends in gonorrhea among MSM through the Centers for...
Sexual mixing patterns in the spread of gonococcal and chlamydial infections.
Aral, S O, Hughes, J P, Stoner, B, Whittington, W, Handsfield, H H, Anderson, R M, ...
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to define, among sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees, (1) patterns of sex partner selection, (2) relative risks for gonococcal or chlamydial infection...
Elimination and reintroduction of primary and secondary syphilis.
Williams, L A, Klausner, J D, Whittington, W L, Handsfield, H H, Celum, C, Holmes, K K
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to define factors associated with the epidemic spread, elimination, and reintroduction of primary and secondary syphilis in King County, Washington, from 1987...
Circumcision and sexually transmitted diseases.
Cook, L S, Koutsky, L A, Holmes, K K
OBJECTIVES. New evidence linking lack of circumcision with sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus revives concerns about circumcision and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study...
High prevalence of cervical dysplasia in STD clinic patients warrants routine cytologic screening.
Briggs, R M, Holmes, K K, Kiviat, N, Barker, E, Eschenbach, D A, DeJong, R
The results of routine cervical cytology screening at a Planned Parenthood Center (PPC) clinic were compared to those at a nearby sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Seattle. Cervical...
Human ecology and behavior and sexually transmitted bacterial infections.
The three direct determinants of the rate of spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are sexual behaviors, the mean duration of infectiousness, and the mean efficiency of sexual transmission...
Trends in susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone from 1985 through 1991.
Schwebke, J R, Whittington, W, Rice, R J, Handsfield, H H, Hale, J, Holmes, K K
The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 16,441 gonococcal isolates from Seattle-King County were determined for ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. From 1985 to 1989, ceftriaxone,...
Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the glycylcyclines.
Whittington, W L, Roberts, M C, Hale, J, Holmes, K K
To assess the activities of two glycylcyclines, N,N-dimethylglycylamido (DMG) derivatives of minocycline (MINO) and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMDOT), 203 gonococcal isolates recovered at six...
Ineffectiveness and toxicity of BCG vaccine for the prevention of recurrent genital herpes.
Douglas, J M, Vontver, L A, Stamm, W E, Reeves, W C, Critchlow, C, Remington, M L, ...
One hundred fifty-five patients with genital herpes were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 0.1 ml of intradermal BCG vaccine with placebo for the prevention of recurrent...
Tetracycline-resistant Mycoplasma hominis strains contain streptococcal tetM sequences.
Roberts, M C, Koutsky, L A, Holmes, K K, LeBlanc, D J, Kenny, G E
Clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis resistant to high levels of tetracycline contained DNA sequences homologous to the streptococcal tetracycline determinant, tetM. In contrast, none of the...
Tetracycline resistance and tetM in pathogenic urogenital bacteria.
Roberts, M C, Hillier, S L, Hale, J, Holmes, K K, Kenny, G E
Clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteroides spp., and Mobiluncus spp. were screened for resistance to tetracycline and for the presence of the streptococcal tetM...
In vitro susceptibilities of Campylobacter-like organisms to twenty antimicrobial agents.
Flores, B M, Fennell, C L, Holmes, K K, Stamm, W E
We determined MICs of 20 antimicrobial agents for 50 representative strains of four subgroups of Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) by agar dilution. Ampicillin, gentamicin, doxycycline,...
Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with rosoxacin.
Handsfield, H H, Judson, F N, Holmes, K K
In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study, single oral doses of rosoxacin were used to treat 126 patients with uncomplicated genital or anorectal gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was...
Characterization of ampicillin resistance plasmids from Haemophilus ducreyi.
Totten, P A, Handsfield, H H, Peters, D, Holmes, K K, Falkow, S
Seven strains of Haemophilus ducreyi from diverse geographic origins were analyzed for their plasmid content. All strains were multiply resistant, but only resistance to ampicillin was transferred to...
Efficacy of aztreonam in treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits.
Lukehart, S A, Baker-Zander, S A, Holmes, K K
The efficacy of aztreonam (SQ 26,776) in the therapy of active syphilis infection was evaluated in the rabbit model. Aztreonam was effective in treating active syphilis at a dose of 25 mg/kg given...
Immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates in Seattle, Washington.
Kuo, C C, Wang, S P, Holmes, K K, Grayston, J T
The immunotype distribution of 493 Chlamydia trachomatis isolates from 467 adults and 26 infants in the Seattle area from 1965 to 1982 is presented. All except one of the isolates from adults were...
Eschenbach, D A, Davick, P R, Williams, B L, Klebanoff, S J, Young-Smith, K, Critchlow, C M, ...
A predominance of Lactobacillus species in the vaginal flora is considered normal. In women with bacterial vaginosis, the prevalence and concentrations of intravaginal Gardnerella vaginalis and...
Detection of Treponema pallidum in lesion exudate with a pathogen-specific monoclonal antibody.
Hook, E W, Roddy, R E, Lukehart, S A, Hom, J, Holmes, K K, Tam, M R
The diagnosis of early syphilis currently requires dark-field microscopic or serologic demonstration of Treponema pallidum infection. Dark-field microscopy is not widely available and is complicated...
Lin, J Y, Chen, K C, Hale, J, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
Glycine, one of the end products of hippurate hydrolysis by microorganisms, was detected by a rapid, specific technique utilizing two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. A loopful of growth of...
A fluorescent spot test method for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases as previously published (K. C. S. Chen, J. S. Knapp, and K. K. Holmes, J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:818-825, 1984) was...
Totten, P A, Patton, C M, Tenover, F C, Barrett, T J, Stamm, W E, Steigerwalt, A G, ...
A total of 593 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter species were isolated either from humans with diarrhea or from poultry in King County, Washington. Of these strains, 98 (52 hippurate-positive...
A modified oxidation-fermentation medium was developed as a practical medium for highly sensitive and specific detection of acid production from carbohydrates by Neisseria spp. and Branhamella...
Gonococcal sensitivity to fecal lipids can be mediated by an Mtr-independent mechanism.
McFarland, L, Mietzner, T A, Knapp, J S, Sandstrom, E, Holmes, K K, Morse, S A
Various factors affect the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to physiological levels of hydrophobic molecules. A total of 98 N. gonorrhoeae strains from rectal, cervical, and urethral cultures of...
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct gram stain of vaginal fluid.
Spiegel, C A, Amsel, R, Holmes, K K
To determine whether bacterial vaginosis (BV), also known as nonspecific vaginitis, could be diagnosed by evaluating a Gram stain of vaginal fluid, we examined samples from 60 women of whom 25 had...
Antigen detection for the diagnosis of gonorrhea.
Stamm, W E, Cole, B, Fennell, C, Bonin, P, Armstrong, A S, Herrmann, J E, ...
We compared the diagnostic value of an enzyme immunoassay method for detection of gonococcal antigen in genital secretions with culture results and direct Gram stain for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in...
Chen, K C, Knapp, J S, Holmes, K K
A rapid method was developed for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases which uses ampicillin and cephalexin as substrates. The end products (open beta-lactam ring forms) generated after...
Biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis.
Piot, P, Van Dyck, E, Peeters, M, Hale, J, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. Among a total of...
Roberts, M C, Hillier, S L, Schoenknecht, F D, Holmes, K K
Seventy strains of Mobiluncus, motile curved anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis, were correctly identified to species level by using bacteria fixed to nitrocellulose and...
Identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis.
Piot, P, Van Dyck, E, Totten, P A, Holmes, K K
Different tests for the identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis and for its differentiation from catalase-negative unclassified coryneforms from the vagina were evaluated on over 200...
Totten, P A, Amsel, R, Hale, J, Piot, P, Holmes, K K
New selective and differential human blood bilayer agar media with Tween 80 (HBT medium) or without Tween 80 (HB medium), developed for the isolation of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis, permitted...
Chen, K C, Culbertson, N J, Knapp, J S, Kenny, G E, Holmes, K K
A specific procedure has been developed for the detection of the first two enzymes involved in the arginine dihydrolase system and the detection of the decarboxylases of arginine, glutamic acid,...
Bacteriology of the urethra in normal men and men with nongonococcal urethritis.
Bowie, W R, Pollock, H M, Forsyth, P S, Floyd, J F, Alexander, E R, Wang, S P, ...
Sixty-nine Caucasian males without a previous history of urethritis and who developed nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and 39 similar men without urethritis (NU) were cultured from the urethra for...
Wang, S P, Grayston, J T, Alexander, E R, Holmes, K K
A simplified microimmunofluorescence test with trachoma-lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis) antigens has been devised as a screening test for antibody in human sera. The test differs...
Wagner, K F, Blair, A D, Counts, G W, Holmes, K K
The pharmacokinetic properties of cyclacillin administered as a 3.0-g oral dose, with and without progenecid, have been studied and correlated with in vitro activity of the drug against 109 isolates...
Winterscheid, K K, Whittington, W L, Roberts, M C, Schwebke, J R, Holmes, K K
Genital and anorectal isolates of Neisseria meningitidis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined. Twelve of 43 isolates demonstrated moderate susceptibility to...
Schoolnik, G K, Buchanan, T M, Holmes, K K
The susceptibility of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the bactericidal action of normal human sera was determined for isolates from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection and...
Morse, S A, Lysko, P G, McFarland, L, Knapp, J S, Sandstrom, E, Critchlow, C, ...
Loci designated penA, penB, and mtr contribute additively to penicillin G resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae; the mtr locus also confers resistance to hydrophobic dyes, detergents, and antibiotics,...
Brunham, R C, Kuo, C C, Cles, L, Holmes, K K
We studied 95 women with uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection. Quantitative isolation of C. trachomatis was performed in HeLa 229 cells, and the results were correlated with serum...
Brunham, R C, Martin, D H, Kuo, C C, Wang, S P, Stevens, C E, Hubbard, T, ...
A lymphocyte transformation (LT) assay for the study of the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis in humans is described. Subjects studied included 9 newborns whose mothers were C....
Durfee, M A, Forsyth, P S, Hale, J A, Holmes, K K
To assess the efficacy of oral erythromycin in the treatment of nonspecific vaginitis (NSV), conducted a nonrandom, unblinded pilot study among 17 women with symptoms and signs of NSV. At the...
Brunham, R C, Martin, D H, Hubbard, T W, Kuo, C C, Critchlow, C W, Cles, L D, ...
Lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses to Chlamydia trachomatis, to four other microbial antigens, and to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were studied in 201 women during pregnancy and/or 3-18 wk...
Amine content of vaginal fluid from untreated and treated patients with nonspecific vaginitis.
Chen, K C, Forsyth, P S, Buchanan, T M, Holmes, K K
We examined the vaginal washings from patients with nonspecific vaginitis (NSV) to seek biochemical markers and possible explanations for the signs and symptoms of this syndrome. Seven amines were...
Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Bowie, W R, Wang, S P, Alexander, E R, Floyd, J, Forsyth, P S, Pollock, H M, ...
Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma), and Hemophilus vaginalis have previously been considered possible etiological agents in nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). In this study,...
Genital inoculation of male baboons with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
DiGiacomo, R F, Gale, J L, Holmes, K K, Buchanan, T M
Eight male baboons inoculated intraurethrally with Neisseria gonorrhoeae failed to shed gonococci or develop serum antibody. Urethral inoculation, preceded by epididymal inoculation, elicited an...
Role of iron in disseminated gonococcal infections.
Payne, S M, Holmes, K K, Finkelstein, R A
Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from disseminated gonococcal infections have enhanced ability to acquire iron in an experimental host when compared with urogenital gonococcal isolates from...
Reevaluation of bacteriocinogeny in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Knapp, J S, Falkow, S, Holmes, K K
Bacteriocin typing has been described previously and proposed for typing gonococci. A survey has been made of 150 strains of N. gonorrhoeae from various places to determine the feasibility of a...
Rattray, M C, Peterman, G M, Altman, L C, Corey, L, Holmes, K K
Lymphocyte transformation and production of lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor in response to herpes simplex virus antigen were studied in 15 patients with initial genital herpes and 10 controls....
Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies.
Tam, M R, Buchanan, T M, Sandström, E G, Holmes, K K, Knapp, J S, Siadak, A W, ...
Hybrid cells producing monoclonal antibodies against antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were obtained by the polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes from mice...
Sánchez, J, Gotuzzo, E, Escamilla, J, Carrillo, C, Phillips, I A, Barrios, C, ...
OBJECTIVES. This study examined the prevalences of antibodies to Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 in a sample of Peruvian adults. METHODS. Among adults...
The increasing frequency of heterosexually acquired AIDS in the United States, 1983-88.
Holmes, K K, Karon, J M, Kreiss, J
Of 88,510 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported in adults in the United States from 1983 through 1988, the percentage attributed to reported heterosexual contact with persons...
Rice, R J, Roberts, P L, Handsfield, H H, Holmes, K K
BACKGROUND. Despite a declining incidence during the AIDS era, gonorrhea remains the most frequently reported communicable disease in the United States. METHODS. During 1986 and 1987 we supplemented...
Gonorrhea in the HIV era: a reversal in trends among men who have sex with men.
Fox, K K, Del Rio, C, Holmes, K K, Hook, E W, Judson, F N, Knapp, J S, ...
OBJECTIVES: Gonorrhea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) declined in the early years of the HIV epidemic. We evaluated more recent trends in gonorrhea among MSM through the Centers for...
Sexual mixing patterns in the spread of gonococcal and chlamydial infections.
Aral, S O, Hughes, J P, Stoner, B, Whittington, W, Handsfield, H H, Anderson, R M, ...
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to define, among sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees, (1) patterns of sex partner selection, (2) relative risks for gonococcal or chlamydial infection...
Elimination and reintroduction of primary and secondary syphilis.
Williams, L A, Klausner, J D, Whittington, W L, Handsfield, H H, Celum, C, Holmes, K K
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to define factors associated with the epidemic spread, elimination, and reintroduction of primary and secondary syphilis in King County, Washington, from 1987...
Circumcision and sexually transmitted diseases.
Cook, L S, Koutsky, L A, Holmes, K K
OBJECTIVES. New evidence linking lack of circumcision with sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus revives concerns about circumcision and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study...
High prevalence of cervical dysplasia in STD clinic patients warrants routine cytologic screening.
Briggs, R M, Holmes, K K, Kiviat, N, Barker, E, Eschenbach, D A, DeJong, R
The results of routine cervical cytology screening at a Planned Parenthood Center (PPC) clinic were compared to those at a nearby sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Seattle. Cervical...
The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in gonococcal infections.
In a multicentre trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, optimal results were achieved with a regimen of six tablets once daily for...
Kohl, P K, Knapp, J S, Hofmann, H, Gruender, K, Petzoldt, D, Tams, M R, ...
We evaluated a new serological classification system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes on the outer membrane protein I, in conjunction with...
Giardia lamblia infection in homosexual men.
Meyers, J D, Kuharic, H A, Holmes, K K
Epidemic Giardia lamblia infection has usually been associated with contaminated water. In this paper, five proved and one presumed case of G. lamblia infection among homosexual men are reported. The...
Bowie, W R, Digiacomo, R F, Holmes, K K, Gale, J L
Inoculation of the urethra, conjunctiva, pharynx, and anal canal of six male crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) with urethral exudate from male patients with urethral gonorrhoea or with...
Recurrent genital herpes among women: symptomatic v. asymptomatic viral shedding.
Rattray, M C, Corey, L, Reeves, W C, Vontver, L A, Holmes, K K
To investigate whether asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus occurs in women with recurrent genital herpes, six women with documented disease were followed up twice weekly with viral cultures...
Hillier, S L, Critchlow, C W, Stevens, C E, Roberts, M C, Wolner-Hanssen, P, Eschenbach, D A, ...
The microbiological and epidemiological correlates of vaginal colonisation by Mobiluncus species were examined among randomly selected women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic....
Cook, L S, Koutsky, L A, Holmes, K K
INTRODUCTION--A recent study comparing heterosexual men with and without confirmed sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in an urban STD clinic showed that uncircumcised men were less likely than...