K. M. Smith

Publication List Details

Period

1986 - 2009

Number

193

Co-Authors

Non-Gaussianity as a Probe of the Physics of the Primordial Universe and the Astrophysics of the Low Redshift Universe (2009)

Komatsu, E., Afshordi, N., Bartolo, N., Baumann, D., Bond, J. R., Buchbinder, E. I., ...

A new and powerful probe of the origin and evolution of structures in the Universe has emerged and been actively developed over the last decade. In the coming decade, non-Gaussianity, i.e., the study...

Laboratory measurements of the optical properties of sea salt aerosol (2009)

R. Irshad, R. G. Grainger, D. M. Peters, R. A. McPheat, K. M. Smith, G. Thomas

The extinction spectra of laboratory generated sea salt aerosols have been measured from 1 μm to 20 μm using a Bruker 66v/S FTIR spectrometer. Concomitant measurements include temperature,...

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics (2008)

Abat, E., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdelalim, A. A., Abdesselam, A., ...

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance...

Map-making in small field modulated CMB polarisation experiments: approximating the maximum-likelihood method (2008)

Sutton, D., Johnson, B. R., Brown, M. L., Cabella, P., Ferreira, P. G., Smith, K. M.

Map-making presents a significant computational challenge to the next generation of kilopixel CMB polarisation experiments. Years worth of time ordered data (TOD) from thousands of detectors will...

Thermal stability of polyethylenimine based carbon dioxide adsorbents and its influence on selection of regeneration strategies (2008)

Drage, T. C., Smith, K. M., Snape, C. E.

9 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables.-- Printed version published Dec 2008.-- Supporting information available: Suppl. figs S1-S5.

The GEISA spectroscopic database: Current and future archive for Earth and planetary atmosphere studies (2008)

Jacquinet-Husson, N, Scott, N.A., Chedin, N., Crépeau, A., Armante, R., Capelle, V., ...

The development of Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques (GEISA: Management and Study of Spectroscopic Information) was started over three decades at Laboratoire de...

New Measurements of Fine-Scale CMB Polarization Power Spectra from CAPMAP at Both 40 and 90 GHz (2008)

Bischoff, CAPMAP Collaboration: C., Hyatt, L., McMahon, J. J., Nixon, G. W., Samtleben, D., Smith, K. M., ...

We present new measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization from the final season of the Cosmic Anisotropy Polarization MAPper (CAPMAP). The data set was obtained in winter...

Corresponding author. Tel.: 41-22-76-73788; fax.: 41-22-76-73394. (2008)

Mail Address Iztok, I. Ropotar, F. Antinori, D. Barberis, K. H. Becks, ...

Hybrid assemblies of LHC1 read-out chips and 300 #m thick silicon pixel detectors have been tested with a 120 GeV/c pion beam at the CERN SPS. The equivalent noise charge at the input of the...

Laboratory measurements of the optical properties of sea salt aerosol (2008)

Irshad, R., Grainger, R. G., Peters, D. M., Mcpheat, R. A., Smith, K. M., Thomas, G.

The extinction spectra of laboratory generated sea salt aerosols have been measured from 1 ?m to 20 ?m using a Bruker 66v/S FTIR spectrometer. Concomitant measurements include temperature, pressure,...

Laboratory measurements of the optical properties of sea salt aerosol (2008)

Irshad, R., Grainger, R. G., Peters, D. M., Mcpheat, R. A., Smith, K. M., Thomas, G.

The extinction spectra of laboratory generated sea salt aerosols have been measured from 1 ?m to 20 ?m using a Bruker 66v/S FTIR spectrometer. Concomitant measurements include temperature, pressure,...

Laboratory measurements of the optical properties of sea salt aerosol (2008)

R. Irshad, R. G. Grainger, D. M. Peters, R. A. McPheat, K. M. Smith, G. Thomas

The extinction spectra of laboratory generated sea salt aerosols have been measured from 1 μm to 20 μm using a Bruker 66v/S FTIR spectrometer. Concomitant measurements include temperature,...

Line parameter validation using ground-based solar occultation measurements: water vapor—a case study (2007)

Veihelmann, B., Maurellis, A.N., Smith, K.M., Tolchenov, R.N., Tennyson, J., Van Der Zande, W.J.

Water vapor spectroscopy data for the 720 nm absorption band (4ν polyad) are validated in the context of atmospheric radiative transfer calculations. We validate line parameters from the HITRAN-2000...

The ATLAS semiconductor tracker end-cap module (2007)

Abdesselam, A., Adkin, P. J., Allport, P. P., Alonso, J., Andricek, L., Anghinolfi, F., ...

37 pages, 43 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 29.40.Gx; 29.40.Wk.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000247146800010.-- Printed version published on Jun 1, 2007.

High-resolution, temperature dependant, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of CF3I (2005)

Webb, S M, Mayr, D, McPheat, R A, Drage, E, Vasekova, E, Mason, N J, ...

CF3I is being considered as a replacement for some of the global warming gases currently used in the plasma industry, however before this compound can be put into wide-scale use the possible...

Improved mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J.J., Newnham, D.A., Smith, K.M., Monks, Paul S.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons licence and is also available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/47/2005/acp-5-47-2005.html

Low temperature mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Smith, K. M.

Laboratory absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour have been measured in the mid-infrared range 550 cm?1 to 1400 cm?1 (18.2 to 7.14 µm) at both 250 K and 273 K, using a...

Low temperature mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Smith, K. M.

Laboratory absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour have been measured in the mid-infrared range 550 cm-1 to 1400 cm-1 (18.2 to 7.14 µm) at both 250 K and 273 K, using a...

Improved mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Newnham, D. A., Smith, K. M., Monks, P. S.

Absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour at room temperature (295K) have been measured in the mid-infrared range, 550-2200cm-1 (18.2-4.55µm), using a Fourier Transform...

Low temperature mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Smith, K. M.

Laboratory absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour have been measured in the mid-infrared range 550 cm?1 to 1400 cm?1 (18.2 to 7.14 µm) at both 250 K and 273 K, using a...

Low temperature mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Smith, K. M.

Laboratory absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour have been measured in the mid-infrared range 550 cm-1 to 1400 cm-1 (18.2 to 7.14 µm) at both 250 K and 273 K, using a...

Improved mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2005)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Newnham, D. A., Smith, K. M., Monks, P. S.

Absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour at room temperature (295K) have been measured in the mid-infrared range, 550-2200cm-1 (18.2-4.55µm), using a Fourier Transform...

Inducing experimental arthritis and breaking self-tolerance to joint-specific antigens with trackable, ovalbumin-specific T cells (2004)

Maffia, P., Brewer, J.M., Gracie, J.A., Ianaro, A., Leung, B.P., Mitchell, P.J., ...

The importance of T cell Ag specificity and Th1 vs Th2 phenotype in synovial inflammation remains controversial. Using OVA-specific TCR transgenic T cells from DO11.10 mice, we demonstrate that mice...

High resolution mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2004)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Newnham, D. A., Smith, K. M., Monks, P. S.

Absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour at room temperature (295 K) have been measured in the mid-infrared range, 550?2200 cm?1 (18.2?3.33 µm), using a Fourier...

High resolution mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2004)

Allen, G., Remedios, J. J., Newnham, D. A., Smith, K. M., Monks, P. S.

Absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour at room temperature (295 K) have been measured in the mid-infrared range, 550?2200 cm?1 (18.2?3.33 µm), using a Fourier...

Large-area microelectrode arrays for recording of neural signals (2004)

Mathieson, K., Kachiguine, S., Adams, C., Cunningham, W., Gunning, D., O'Shea, V., ...

To understand the neural code, that the retina uses to communicate the visual scene to the brain, large-area microelectrode arrays are needed to record retinal signals simultaneously from many...

High resolution mid-infrared cross-sections for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) vapour (2004)

G. Allen, J. J. Remedios, D. A. Newnham, K. M. Smith, P. S. Monks

Absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)OONO<sub>2</sub>) vapour at room temperature (295 K) have been measured in the mid-infrared range,...

Pixel detectors for use in retina neurophysiology studies (2003)

Cunningham, W., Mathieson, K., Horn, M., Melone, J., Mcewan, F.A., Blue, A., ...

One area of major inter-disciplinary co-operation is between the particle physics and bio-medical communities. The type of large detector arrays and fast electronics developed in laboratories like...

Detective quantum efficiency of the Medipix pixel detector (2003)

Davidson, D.W., Watt, J., Tlustos, L., Mikulec, B., Campbell, M., Mathieson, K., ...

We have measured the intrinsic performance of a digital X-ray detector, the Medipix1, by examining the total detective quantum efficiency (DQE). We studied how the DQE depends on both the incident...

Detection of retinal signals using position sensitive microelectrode arrays (2003)

Mathieson, K., Cunningham, W., Marchal, J., Melone, J., Horn, M., Gunning, D., ...

The development of high-density, multi-channel circuitry for the detection of low-level signals in particle physics has potential application in other areas of science. Here we use this technology to...

Fabricating high-density microarrays for retinal recording (2003)

Mathieson, K., Cunningham, W., Marchal, J., Melone, J., Horn, M., O'Shea, V., ...

Understanding how the retina encodes the visual scene is a problem, which requires large area, high-density microelectrode arrays to solve. The correlated signals that emerge from the output...

Technology development of 3D detectors for medical imaging (2003)

Pellegrini, G., Roy, P., Al Ajili, A., Bates, R., Haddad, L., Horn, M., ...

Fabrication routes to realising '3D' detectors in gallium arsenide have been investigated and their electrical characteristics measured. The geometry of the detector is hexagonal with a central anode...

Super-radiation hard particle tracking at the CERN SLHC (2003)

Rahman, M., Bates, R., Blue, A., Cunningham, W., Gaubas, E., Gouldwell, A., ...

The proposed upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider to ten times brighter luminosity poses severe challenges to semiconductor detectors within the CERN experiments. We investigate a silicon "3-D"...

Study of irradiated 3D detectors (2003)

Roy, P., Pellegrini, G., Al Ajili, A., Bates, R., Haddad, L., Melone, J., ...

The use of the 3D detector geometry, where the electrodes go through the bulk of the semiconductor instead of sitting at the surface, allows the life of semiconductor devices to be extended in harsh...

Graded-gap AlxGa1-x as X-ray detector with collected charge multiplication (2003)

Silenas, A., Pozela, K., Dapkus, L., Jasutis, V., Juciene, V., Pozela, J., ...

An increase in sensitivity of the graded-gap AlxGa1-As-x/GaAs X-ray detectors is achieved using multiplication of charge generated in a detector body. A thin n-GaAs layer was grown on a narrow-gap...

Semi-insulating GaN and its evaluation for alpha particle detection (2003)

Vaitkus, J., Cunningham, W., Gaubas, E., Rahman, M., Sakai, S., Smith, K.M., ...

The application of semi-insulating GaN for detection of ionising particles, specifically alpha-particles, is presented. The electrical properties of GaN epitaxial layers have been investigated and...

Space charge effects, carrier capture transient behaviour and alpha particle detection in semi-insulating GaN (2003)

Vaitkus, J., Gaubas, E., Shirahama, T., Sakai, S., Wang, T., Smith, K.M., ...

The electrical properties of a semi-insulating GaN (SI-GaN) epitaxial layer have been investigated and regimes of space charge and Ohmic currents found. Microwave and do current modes were used for...

Role of potential barriers in epitaxial layers of semi- insulating GaN layers (2003)

Vaitkus, J.V., Gaubas, E., Sakai, S., Lacroix, Y., Wang, T., Smith, K.M., ...

The electrical properties of semi-insulating GaN were investigated by dc and microwave techniques. The different epitaxial GaN layers were grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition on a Al2O3...

Dose reductions in dental X-ray imaging using Medipix (2003)

Watt, J., Davidson, D.W., Johnston, C., Smith, C., Tlustos, L., Mikulec, B., ...

We have measured the noise power spectra for a commercial CCD device, for dental X-ray imaging, and an X-ray photon counting chip, Medipixl. This quantity provides a measure of the noise propagation...

Performance of bulk SiC radiation detectors (2002)

Cunningham, W., Gouldwell, A., Lamb, G., Scott, J., Mathieson, K., Roy, P., ...

SiC is a wide-gap material with excellent electrical and physical properties that may make it an important material for some future electronic devices. The most important possible applications of SiC...

Defects, their interaction and modification by irradiation in semi-insulating GaAs (2002)

Kazukauskas, V., Kuprusevicius, E., Vaitkus, J.V., Smith, K.M.

We investigated Semi-Insulating (SI) GaAs Schottky diode particle detectors, fabricated either on single SI-GaAs LEC crystals, or on VPE layers from several suppliers, before and after irradiation...

Active pixel detector for ion beam profiling (2002)

Marchal, J., Passmore, M.S., Abdalla, M., Nejim, A., Frojdh, C., ...

The use of ion implanters has been vital to the downward scaling of device dimensions in silicon technology. To achieve good process control, the ion beam characteristics within the implanter must be...

Charge sharing in silicon pixel detectors (2002)

Mathieson, K., Passmore, M.S., Seller, P., Prydderch, M.L., O'Shea, V., Bates, R.L., ...

We used a pixellated hybrid silicon X-ray detector to study the effect of the sharing of generated charge between neighbouring pixels over a range of incident X-ray energies, 13-36keV. The system is...

The simulation of charge sharing in semiconductor X-ray pixel detectors (2002)

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., O'Shea, V., Passmore, M.S., Rahman, M., Smith, K.M., ...

Two simulation packages were used to model the sharing of charge, due to the scattering and diffusion of carriers, between adjacent pixel elements in semiconductors X-ray detectors. The X-ray...

3-D GaAs radiation detectors (2002)

Meikle, A.R., Bates, R.L., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H., Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V., ...

A novel type of GaAs radiation detector featuring a 3-D array of electrodes that penetrate through the detector bulk is described, The development of the technology to fabricate such a detector is...

Technology development of 3D detectors for high-energy physics and imaging (2002)

Pellegrini, G., Roy, P., Bates, R., Jones, D., Mathieson, K., Melone, J., ...

Various fabrications routes to create '3D' detectors have been investigated and the electrical characteristics of these structures have been compared to simulations. The geometry of the detectors is...

Non-uniformly doped graded-gap Al(x)Ga(l-)xAs X-ray detectors with high photovoltaic response (2002)

Silenas, A., Pozela, J., Smith, K.M., Pozela, K., Jasutis, V., Dapkus, L., ...

Graded-gap AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs X-ray detectors with photovoltaic response have been designed and fabricated. A charge collection efficiency of 100% has been achieved in an AlxGa1-xAs layer with a...

A critique of evaluated adolescent smoking cessation programmes (2002)

Stanton, W. R., Smith, K. M.

Rates of adolescent smoking appear to be on the increase, with a number of authors documenting increases in the 1990's. However, the issue of prevention rather than cessation has received greater...

Probing bulk and surface damage in widegap semiconductors (2001)

Cunningham, W., Gouldwell, A., Lamb, G., Roy, P., Scott, J., Mathieson, K., ...

Plasma etching of the widegap materials SiC and GaN is very important as there are only limited wet etches available. However, this is known to introduce defects into surface layers under typical...

Probing bulk and surface damage in widegap semiconductors (2001)

Cunningham, W., Gouldwell, A., Lamb, G., Roy, P., Scott, J., Mathieson, K., ...

Plasma etching of the widegap materials SiC and GaN is very important as there are only limited wet etches available. However, this is known to introduce defects into surface layers under typical...

Probing bulk and surface damage in widegap semiconductors (2001)

Cunningham, W., Gouldwell, A., Lamb, G., Roy, P., Scott, J., Mathieson, K., ...

Plasma etching of the widegap materials SiC and GaN is very important as there are only limited wet etches available. However, this is known to introduce defects into surface layers under typical...

Alpha particle induced luminescence from multiple quantum wells (2001)

Kundrotas, J., Dargys, A., Granja, C., Köhler, K., Pospísil, S., Remeikis, V., ...

The luminescence induced by alpha particles in GaAs/Al(0.35)Ga(0.65)As multiple quantum well (MQW) semiconductor was detected and investigated. The luminescence was observed at liquid nitrogen and at...

GaAs structures for X-ray imaging detectors (2001)

Ayzenshtat, G.I., Bakin, N.N., Budnitsky, D.L., Drugova, E.P., Germogenov, V.P., Khludkov, S.S., ...

A comparative analysis of characteristics of detector structures fabricated by means of technology of epitaxial growth of an undoped high-resistive GaAs layer as well as structures based on SI-GaAs...

Fabrication of microelectrode arrays for neural measurements from retinal tissue (2001)

Cunningham, W., Mathieson, K., Mcewan, F.A., Blue, A., McGeachy, R., Mcleod, J.A., ...

The production of high-density, large-area microelectrode arrays for neurophysiology studies requires a combination of electron beam lithography and photolithography, together with dry etch pattern...

Quantum well radiation detectors: assessment and perspectives (2001)

Dargys, A., Kundrotas, J., Pospisil, S., Smith, K.M.

A discussion is given of two types of ionizing particle detectors, which are based on radiation-generated charge carrier capture into quantum wells of semiconductors. The principle of operation of...

Monitoring of carrier lifetime in GaAs substrate-epi-layer structures by space-resolved transient microwave absorption (2001)

Gaubas, E., Vaitkus, J., Smith, K.M.

New techniques of transient microwave absorption and their application for the extraction of recombination parameters of SI GaAs with different doping concentrations and layered n(+)- epi-GaAs...

Simulated and experimental results from a room temperature silicon X-ray pixel detector (2001)

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., Iles, G.M., Manolopoulos, S., O'Shea, V., Passmore, S., ...

Simulated and experimental results are presented from a silicon X-ray pixel detector which is bump bonded to a PACS pixel array of read-out electronics. When coupled to a matching, fully depleted...

Simulation of GaAs 3-D pixel detectors (2001)

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., Meikle, A., O'Shea, V., Passmore, M.S., Rahman, M., ...

The performance of an architecture for X-ray pixel detectors is discussed. The three-dimensional (3-D) structure has electrodes which penetrate the bulk of the detector medium allowing low- bias,...

Characterisation of a single photon counting pixel detector (2001)

Passmore, M.S., Bates, R., Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V., Rahman, M., Seller, P., ...

The Large Area Detector is a photon counting detector based on pixel readout ASICs with 64 x 64 arrays of 150 mum square pixels bump bonded to a 300 mum thick Si detector. It is designed for X-ray...

Optical response of the graded-gap AlxGa1-xAs X-ray detector (2001)

Pozela, K., Pozela, J., Dapkus, L., Jasutis, V., Silenas, A., Smith, K.M., ...

It has been observed that only a part of the AlxGa1-xAs graded- gap layer with the energy gap gradient g gt 20 eV/cm is active as a X-ray luminescence source. The thickness of the active layer is...

Dose-dependent X-ray measurements using a 64x64 hybrid GaAs pixel detector with photon counting (2001)

Schwarz, C., Campbell, M., Goeppert, R., Ludwig, J., Mikulec, B., Rogalla, M., ...

New developments in medical imaging head towards semiconductor detectors flip-chip bonded to CMOS readout chips. In this work, detectors fabricated on SI-GaAs bulk material were bonded to Photon...

Measurements with Si and GaAs pixel detectors bonded to photon counting readout chips (2001)

Schwarz, C., Campbell, M., Goeppert, R., Ludwig, J., Mikulec, B., Runge, K., ...

Detectors fabricated with SI-GaAs and Si bulk material were bonded to Photon Counting Chips (PCC), developed in the framework of the MEDIPIX Collaboration. The PCC consists of a matrix of 64 x 64...

Instabilities in LEC GaAs Schottky barrier pixel detector imaging arrays (2001)

Vaitkus, J.V., Irsigler, R., Andersen, J., Smith, K.M.

We present room temperature measurements of inhomogeneities and instabilities in a GaAs pixel detector array at high bias voltage. The evolution of the inhomogeneity structure and its change due to...

Applications of pixellated GaAs X-ray detectors in a synchrotron radiation beam (2001)

Watt, J., Bates, R., Campbell, M., Mathieson, K., Mikulec, B., O'Shea, V., ...

Hybrid semiconductor pixel detectors are being investigated as imaging devices for radiography and synchrotron radiation beam applications. Based on previous work in the CERN RD19 and the UK IMPACT...

Semiconductor pixel detectors (2000)

Smith, K.M.

Semiconductor pixel detectors were originally developed for particle physics experiments as a logical development from silicon microstrip detectors. offering the potential for high spatial precision,...

Effect of field-weathered residues of pyriproxyfen on the predatory coccinellids Chilocorus circumdatus Gyllenhal and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (1999)

Smith, K. M., Smith, D., Lisle, A. T.

The residual toxicity of field-weathered residues of the juvenile hormone analogue insecticide, pyriproxyfen was evaluated against two coccinellids, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and Chilocorus...

Effect of field-weathered residues of pyriproxyfen on the predatory coccinellids Chilocorus circumdatus Gyllenhal and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (1999)

Smith, K. M., Smith, D., Lisle, A. T.

The residual toxicity of field-weathered residues of the juvenile hormone analogue insecticide, pyriproxyfen was evaluated against two coccinellids, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and Chilocorus...

The effects of radiation on gallium arsenide radiation detectors (1997)

Bates, R L, Da Vià, C, D'Auria, S D, O'Shea, V, Raine, C, Smith, K M

Semi-insulating, undoped, Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (SI-U LEC) GaAs detectors have been irradiated with 1MeV neutrons, 24GeV/c protons, and 300MeV/c pions. The maximum fluences used were 6, 3,...

Recent results on GaAs detectors - 137 (1997)

Bates, R L, Campbell, M, Da Vià, C, D'Auria, S D, O'Shea, V, Raine, C, ...

The present understanding of the charge collection in GaAs detectors with respect to the materials used and its processing are discussed. The radiation induced degradation of the charge collection...

111INDIUM-LABELLED POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTE SCANS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS--AN IMPORTANT CLINICAL CAUSE OF FALSE POSITIVE RESULTS (1986)

ROONEY, P. J., JENKINS, R. T., SMITH, K. M., COATES, G.

The presence of rheumatoid arthritis in patients undergoing 111indium-labelled polymorphonuclear leucocyte scanning represents a source of possible diagnostic confusion. In such patients, the...

Inducing experimental arthritis and breaking self-tolerance to joint-specific antigens with trackable, ovalbumin-specific T cells

Maffia, P., Brewer, J.M., Gracie, J.A., Ianaro, A., Leung, B.P., Mitchell, P.J., ...

The importance of T cell Ag specificity and Th1 vs Th2 phenotype in synovial inflammation remains controversial. Using OVA-specific TCR transgenic T cells from DO11.10 mice, we demonstrate that mice...

GaAs structures for X-ray imaging detectors

Ayzenshtat, G.I., Bakin, N.N., Budnitsky, D.L., Drugova, E.P., Germogenov, V.P., Khludkov, S.S., ...

A comparative analysis of characteristics of detector structures fabricated by means of technology of epitaxial growth of an undoped high-resistive GaAs layer as well as structures based on SI-GaAs...

Fabrication of microelectrode arrays for neural measurements from retinal tissue

Cunningham, W., Mathieson, K., Mcewan, F.A., Blue, A., McGeachy, R., Mcleod, J.A., ...

The production of high-density, large-area microelectrode arrays for neurophysiology studies requires a combination of electron beam lithography and photolithography, together with dry etch pattern...

Performance of bulk SiC radiation detectors

Cunningham, W., Gouldwell, A., Lamb, G., Scott, J., Mathieson, K., Roy, P., ...

SiC is a wide-gap material with excellent electrical and physical properties that may make it an important material for some future electronic devices. The most important possible applications of SiC...

Pixel detectors for use in retina neurophysiology studies

Cunningham, W., Mathieson, K., Horn, M., Melone, J., Mcewan, F.A., Blue, A., ...

One area of major inter-disciplinary co-operation is between the particle physics and bio-medical communities. The type of large detector arrays and fast electronics developed in laboratories like...

Quantum well radiation detectors: assessment and perspectives

Dargys, A., Kundrotas, J., Pospisil, S., Smith, K.M.

A discussion is given of two types of ionizing particle detectors, which are based on radiation-generated charge carrier capture into quantum wells of semiconductors. The principle of operation of...

Detective quantum efficiency of the Medipix pixel detector

Davidson, D.W., Watt, J., Tlustos, L., Mikulec, B., Campbell, M., Mathieson, K., ...

We have measured the intrinsic performance of a digital X-ray detector, the Medipix1, by examining the total detective quantum efficiency (DQE). We studied how the DQE depends on both the incident...

Monitoring of carrier lifetime in GaAs substrate-epi-layer structures by space-resolved transient microwave absorption

Gaubas, E., Vaitkus, J., Smith, K.M.

New techniques of transient microwave absorption and their application for the extraction of recombination parameters of SI GaAs with different doping concentrations and layered n(+)- epi-GaAs...

Defects, their interaction and modification by irradiation in semi-insulating GaAs

Kazukauskas, V., Kuprusevicius, E., Vaitkus, J.V., Smith, K.M.

We investigated Semi-Insulating (SI) GaAs Schottky diode particle detectors, fabricated either on single SI-GaAs LEC crystals, or on VPE layers from several suppliers, before and after irradiation...

Active pixel detector for ion beam profiling

Marchal, J., Passmore, M.S., Abdalla, M., Nejim, A., Frojdh, C., ...

The use of ion implanters has been vital to the downward scaling of device dimensions in silicon technology. To achieve good process control, the ion beam characteristics within the implanter must be...

Charge sharing in silicon pixel detectors

Mathieson, K., Passmore, M.S., Seller, P., Prydderch, M.L., O'Shea, V., Bates, R.L., ...

We used a pixellated hybrid silicon X-ray detector to study the effect of the sharing of generated charge between neighbouring pixels over a range of incident X-ray energies, 13-36keV. The system is...

Detection of retinal signals using position sensitive microelectrode arrays

Mathieson, K., Cunningham, W., Marchal, J., Melone, J., Horn, M., Gunning, D., ...

The development of high-density, multi-channel circuitry for the detection of low-level signals in particle physics has potential application in other areas of science. Here we use this technology to...

Fabricating high-density microarrays for retinal recording

Mathieson, K., Cunningham, W., Marchal, J., Melone, J., Horn, M., O'Shea, V., ...

Understanding how the retina encodes the visual scene is a problem, which requires large area, high-density microelectrode arrays to solve. The correlated signals that emerge from the output...

Simulated and experimental results from a room temperature silicon X-ray pixel detector

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., Iles, G.M., Manolopoulos, S., O'Shea, V., Passmore, S., ...

Simulated and experimental results are presented from a silicon X-ray pixel detector which is bump bonded to a PACS pixel array of read-out electronics. When coupled to a matching, fully depleted...

Simulation of GaAs 3-D pixel detectors

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., Meikle, A., O'Shea, V., Passmore, M.S., Rahman, M., ...

The performance of an architecture for X-ray pixel detectors is discussed. The three-dimensional (3-D) structure has electrodes which penetrate the bulk of the detector medium allowing low- bias,...

The simulation of charge sharing in semiconductor X-ray pixel detectors

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., O'Shea, V., Passmore, M.S., Rahman, M., Smith, K.M., ...

Two simulation packages were used to model the sharing of charge, due to the scattering and diffusion of carriers, between adjacent pixel elements in semiconductors X-ray detectors. The X-ray...

3-D GaAs radiation detectors

Meikle, A.R., Bates, R.L., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H., Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V., ...

A novel type of GaAs radiation detector featuring a 3-D array of electrodes that penetrate through the detector bulk is described, The development of the technology to fabricate such a detector is...

Characterisation of a single photon counting pixel detector

Passmore, M.S., Bates, R., Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V., Rahman, M., Seller, P., ...

The Large Area Detector is a photon counting detector based on pixel readout ASICs with 64 x 64 arrays of 150 mum square pixels bump bonded to a 300 mum thick Si detector. It is designed for X-ray...

Technology development of 3D detectors for medical imaging

Pellegrini, G., Roy, P., Al Ajili, A., Bates, R., Haddad, L., Horn, M., ...

Fabrication routes to realising '3D' detectors in gallium arsenide have been investigated and their electrical characteristics measured. The geometry of the detector is hexagonal with a central anode...

Technology development of 3D detectors for high-energy physics and imaging

Pellegrini, G., Roy, P., Bates, R., Jones, D., Mathieson, K., Melone, J., ...

Various fabrications routes to create '3D' detectors have been investigated and the electrical characteristics of these structures have been compared to simulations. The geometry of the detectors is...

Optical response of the graded-gap AlxGa1-xAs X-ray detector

Pozela, K., Pozela, J., Dapkus, L., Jasutis, V., Silenas, A., Smith, K.M., ...

It has been observed that only a part of the AlxGa1-xAs graded- gap layer with the energy gap gradient g gt 20 eV/cm is active as a X-ray luminescence source. The thickness of the active layer is...

Super-radiation hard particle tracking at the CERN SLHC

Rahman, M., Bates, R., Blue, A., Cunningham, W., Gaubas, E., Gouldwell, A., ...

The proposed upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider to ten times brighter luminosity poses severe challenges to semiconductor detectors within the CERN experiments. We investigate a silicon "3-D"...

Study of irradiated 3D detectors

Roy, P., Pellegrini, G., Al Ajili, A., Bates, R., Haddad, L., Melone, J., ...

The use of the 3D detector geometry, where the electrodes go through the bulk of the semiconductor instead of sitting at the surface, allows the life of semiconductor devices to be extended in harsh...

Dose-dependent X-ray measurements using a 64x64 hybrid GaAs pixel detector with photon counting

Schwarz, C., Campbell, M., Goeppert, R., Ludwig, J., Mikulec, B., Rogalla, M., ...

New developments in medical imaging head towards semiconductor detectors flip-chip bonded to CMOS readout chips. In this work, detectors fabricated on SI-GaAs bulk material were bonded to Photon...

Measurements with Si and GaAs pixel detectors bonded to photon counting readout chips

Schwarz, C., Campbell, M., Goeppert, R., Ludwig, J., Mikulec, B., Runge, K., ...

Detectors fabricated with SI-GaAs and Si bulk material were bonded to Photon Counting Chips (PCC), developed in the framework of the MEDIPIX Collaboration. The PCC consists of a matrix of 64 x 64...

Graded-gap AlxGa1-x as X-ray detector with collected charge multiplication

Silenas, A., Pozela, K., Dapkus, L., Jasutis, V., Juciene, V., Pozela, J., ...

An increase in sensitivity of the graded-gap AlxGa1-As-x/GaAs X-ray detectors is achieved using multiplication of charge generated in a detector body. A thin n-GaAs layer was grown on a narrow-gap...

Non-uniformly doped graded-gap Al(x)Ga(l-)xAs X-ray detectors with high photovoltaic response

Silenas, A., Pozela, J., Smith, K.M., Pozela, K., Jasutis, V., Dapkus, L., ...

Graded-gap AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs X-ray detectors with photovoltaic response have been designed and fabricated. A charge collection efficiency of 100% has been achieved in an AlxGa1-xAs layer with a...

Semiconductor pixel detectors

Smith, K.M.

Semiconductor pixel detectors were originally developed for particle physics experiments as a logical development from silicon microstrip detectors. offering the potential for high spatial precision,...

Semi-insulating GaN and its evaluation for alpha particle detection

Vaitkus, J., Cunningham, W., Gaubas, E., Rahman, M., Sakai, S., Smith, K.M., ...

The application of semi-insulating GaN for detection of ionising particles, specifically alpha-particles, is presented. The electrical properties of GaN epitaxial layers have been investigated and...

Space charge effects, carrier capture transient behaviour and alpha particle detection in semi-insulating GaN

Vaitkus, J., Gaubas, E., Shirahama, T., Sakai, S., Wang, T., Smith, K.M., ...

The electrical properties of a semi-insulating GaN (SI-GaN) epitaxial layer have been investigated and regimes of space charge and Ohmic currents found. Microwave and do current modes were used for...

Instabilities in LEC GaAs Schottky barrier pixel detector imaging arrays

Vaitkus, J.V., Irsigler, R., Andersen, J., Smith, K.M.

We present room temperature measurements of inhomogeneities and instabilities in a GaAs pixel detector array at high bias voltage. The evolution of the inhomogeneity structure and its change due to...

Role of potential barriers in epitaxial layers of semi- insulating GaN layers

Vaitkus, J.V., Gaubas, E., Sakai, S., Lacroix, Y., Wang, T., Smith, K.M., ...

The electrical properties of semi-insulating GaN were investigated by dc and microwave techniques. The different epitaxial GaN layers were grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition on a Al2O3...

Applications of pixellated GaAs X-ray detectors in a synchrotron radiation beam

Watt, J., Bates, R., Campbell, M., Mathieson, K., Mikulec, B., O'Shea, V., ...

Hybrid semiconductor pixel detectors are being investigated as imaging devices for radiography and synchrotron radiation beam applications. Based on previous work in the CERN RD19 and the UK IMPACT...

Dose reductions in dental X-ray imaging using Medipix

Watt, J., Davidson, D.W., Johnston, C., Smith, C., Tlustos, L., Mikulec, B., ...

We have measured the noise power spectra for a commercial CCD device, for dental X-ray imaging, and an X-ray photon counting chip, Medipixl. This quantity provides a measure of the noise propagation...

Large-area microelectrode arrays for recording of neural signals

Mathieson, K., Kachiguine, S., Adams, C., Cunningham, W., Gunning, D., O'Shea, V., ...

To understand the neural code, that the retina uses to communicate the visual scene to the brain, large-area microelectrode arrays are needed to record retinal signals simultaneously from many...

Inducing experimental arthritis and breaking self-tolerance to joint-specific antigens with trackable, ovalbumin-specific T cells

Maffia, P., Brewer, J.M., Gracie, J.A., Ianaro, A., Leung, B.P., Mitchell, P.J., ...

The importance of T cell Ag specificity and Th1 vs Th2 phenotype in synovial inflammation remains controversial. Using OVA-specific TCR transgenic T cells from DO11.10 mice, we demonstrate that mice...

GaAs structures for X-ray imaging detectors

Ayzenshtat, G.I., Bakin, N.N., Budnitsky, D.L., Drugova, E.P., Germogenov, V.P., Khludkov, S.S., ...

A comparative analysis of characteristics of detector structures fabricated by means of technology of epitaxial growth of an undoped high-resistive GaAs layer as well as structures based on SI-GaAs...

Fabrication of microelectrode arrays for neural measurements from retinal tissue

Cunningham, W., Mathieson, K., Mcewan, F.A., Blue, A., McGeachy, R., Mcleod, J.A., ...

The production of high-density, large-area microelectrode arrays for neurophysiology studies requires a combination of electron beam lithography and photolithography, together with dry etch pattern...

Performance of bulk SiC radiation detectors

Cunningham, W., Gouldwell, A., Lamb, G., Scott, J., Mathieson, K., Roy, P., ...

SiC is a wide-gap material with excellent electrical and physical properties that may make it an important material for some future electronic devices. The most important possible applications of SiC...

Pixel detectors for use in retina neurophysiology studies

Cunningham, W., Mathieson, K., Horn, M., Melone, J., Mcewan, F.A., Blue, A., ...

One area of major inter-disciplinary co-operation is between the particle physics and bio-medical communities. The type of large detector arrays and fast electronics developed in laboratories like...

Quantum well radiation detectors: assessment and perspectives

Dargys, A., Kundrotas, J., Pospisil, S., Smith, K.M.

A discussion is given of two types of ionizing particle detectors, which are based on radiation-generated charge carrier capture into quantum wells of semiconductors. The principle of operation of...

Detective quantum efficiency of the Medipix pixel detector

Davidson, D.W., Watt, J., Tlustos, L., Mikulec, B., Campbell, M., Mathieson, K., ...

We have measured the intrinsic performance of a digital X-ray detector, the Medipix1, by examining the total detective quantum efficiency (DQE). We studied how the DQE depends on both the incident...

Monitoring of carrier lifetime in GaAs substrate-epi-layer structures by space-resolved transient microwave absorption

Gaubas, E., Vaitkus, J., Smith, K.M.

New techniques of transient microwave absorption and their application for the extraction of recombination parameters of SI GaAs with different doping concentrations and layered n(+)- epi-GaAs...

Defects, their interaction and modification by irradiation in semi-insulating GaAs

Kazukauskas, V., Kuprusevicius, E., Vaitkus, J.V., Smith, K.M.

We investigated Semi-Insulating (SI) GaAs Schottky diode particle detectors, fabricated either on single SI-GaAs LEC crystals, or on VPE layers from several suppliers, before and after irradiation...

Active pixel detector for ion beam profiling

Marchal, J., Passmore, M.S., Abdalla, M., Nejim, A., Frojdh, C., ...

The use of ion implanters has been vital to the downward scaling of device dimensions in silicon technology. To achieve good process control, the ion beam characteristics within the implanter must be...

Charge sharing in silicon pixel detectors

Mathieson, K., Passmore, M.S., Seller, P., Prydderch, M.L., O'Shea, V., Bates, R.L., ...

We used a pixellated hybrid silicon X-ray detector to study the effect of the sharing of generated charge between neighbouring pixels over a range of incident X-ray energies, 13-36keV. The system is...

Detection of retinal signals using position sensitive microelectrode arrays

Mathieson, K., Cunningham, W., Marchal, J., Melone, J., Horn, M., Gunning, D., ...

The development of high-density, multi-channel circuitry for the detection of low-level signals in particle physics has potential application in other areas of science. Here we use this technology to...

Fabricating high-density microarrays for retinal recording

Mathieson, K., Cunningham, W., Marchal, J., Melone, J., Horn, M., O'Shea, V., ...

Understanding how the retina encodes the visual scene is a problem, which requires large area, high-density microelectrode arrays to solve. The correlated signals that emerge from the output...

Simulated and experimental results from a room temperature silicon X-ray pixel detector

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., Iles, G.M., Manolopoulos, S., O'Shea, V., Passmore, S., ...

Simulated and experimental results are presented from a silicon X-ray pixel detector which is bump bonded to a PACS pixel array of read-out electronics. When coupled to a matching, fully depleted...

Simulation of GaAs 3-D pixel detectors

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., Meikle, A., O'Shea, V., Passmore, M.S., Rahman, M., ...

The performance of an architecture for X-ray pixel detectors is discussed. The three-dimensional (3-D) structure has electrodes which penetrate the bulk of the detector medium allowing low- bias,...

The simulation of charge sharing in semiconductor X-ray pixel detectors

Mathieson, K., Bates, R., O'Shea, V., Passmore, M.S., Rahman, M., Smith, K.M., ...

Two simulation packages were used to model the sharing of charge, due to the scattering and diffusion of carriers, between adjacent pixel elements in semiconductors X-ray detectors. The X-ray...

3-D GaAs radiation detectors

Meikle, A.R., Bates, R.L., Ledingham, K., Marsh, J.H., Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V., ...

A novel type of GaAs radiation detector featuring a 3-D array of electrodes that penetrate through the detector bulk is described, The development of the technology to fabricate such a detector is...

Characterisation of a single photon counting pixel detector

Passmore, M.S., Bates, R., Mathieson, K., O'Shea, V., Rahman, M., Seller, P., ...

The Large Area Detector is a photon counting detector based on pixel readout ASICs with 64 x 64 arrays of 150 mum square pixels bump bonded to a 300 mum thick Si detector. It is designed for X-ray...

Technology development of 3D detectors for medical imaging

Pellegrini, G., Roy, P., Al Ajili, A., Bates, R., Haddad, L., Horn, M., ...

Fabrication routes to realising '3D' detectors in gallium arsenide have been investigated and their electrical characteristics measured. The geometry of the detector is hexagonal with a central anode...

Technology development of 3D detectors for high-energy physics and imaging

Pellegrini, G., Roy, P., Bates, R., Jones, D., Mathieson, K., Melone, J., ...

Various fabrications routes to create '3D' detectors have been investigated and the electrical characteristics of these structures have been compared to simulations. The geometry of the detectors is...

Optical response of the graded-gap AlxGa1-xAs X-ray detector

Pozela, K., Pozela, J., Dapkus, L., Jasutis, V., Silenas, A., Smith, K.M., ...

It has been observed that only a part of the AlxGa1-xAs graded- gap layer with the energy gap gradient g gt 20 eV/cm is active as a X-ray luminescence source. The thickness of the active layer is...

Super-radiation hard particle tracking at the CERN SLHC

Rahman, M., Bates, R., Blue, A., Cunningham, W., Gaubas, E., Gouldwell, A., ...

The proposed upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider to ten times brighter luminosity poses severe challenges to semiconductor detectors within the CERN experiments. We investigate a silicon "3-D"...

Study of irradiated 3D detectors

Roy, P., Pellegrini, G., Al Ajili, A., Bates, R., Haddad, L., Melone, J., ...

The use of the 3D detector geometry, where the electrodes go through the bulk of the semiconductor instead of sitting at the surface, allows the life of semiconductor devices to be extended in harsh...

Dose-dependent X-ray measurements using a 64x64 hybrid GaAs pixel detector with photon counting

Schwarz, C., Campbell, M., Goeppert, R., Ludwig, J., Mikulec, B., Rogalla, M., ...

New developments in medical imaging head towards semiconductor detectors flip-chip bonded to CMOS readout chips. In this work, detectors fabricated on SI-GaAs bulk material were bonded to Photon...

Measurements with Si and GaAs pixel detectors bonded to photon counting readout chips

Schwarz, C., Campbell, M., Goeppert, R., Ludwig, J., Mikulec, B., Runge, K., ...

Detectors fabricated with SI-GaAs and Si bulk material were bonded to Photon Counting Chips (PCC), developed in the framework of the MEDIPIX Collaboration. The PCC consists of a matrix of 64 x 64...

Graded-gap AlxGa1-x as X-ray detector with collected charge multiplication

Silenas, A., Pozela, K., Dapkus, L., Jasutis, V., Juciene, V., Pozela, J., ...

An increase in sensitivity of the graded-gap AlxGa1-As-x/GaAs X-ray detectors is achieved using multiplication of charge generated in a detector body. A thin n-GaAs layer was grown on a narrow-gap...

Non-uniformly doped graded-gap Al(x)Ga(l-)xAs X-ray detectors with high photovoltaic response

Silenas, A., Pozela, J., Smith, K.M., Pozela, K., Jasutis, V., Dapkus, L., ...

Graded-gap AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs X-ray detectors with photovoltaic response have been designed and fabricated. A charge collection efficiency of 100% has been achieved in an AlxGa1-xAs layer with a...

Semiconductor pixel detectors

Smith, K.M.

Semiconductor pixel detectors were originally developed for particle physics experiments as a logical development from silicon microstrip detectors. offering the potential for high spatial precision,...

Semi-insulating GaN and its evaluation for alpha particle detection

Vaitkus, J., Cunningham, W., Gaubas, E., Rahman, M., Sakai, S., Smith, K.M., ...

The application of semi-insulating GaN for detection of ionising particles, specifically alpha-particles, is presented. The electrical properties of GaN epitaxial layers have been investigated and...

Space charge effects, carrier capture transient behaviour and alpha particle detection in semi-insulating GaN

Vaitkus, J., Gaubas, E., Shirahama, T., Sakai, S., Wang, T., Smith, K.M., ...

The electrical properties of a semi-insulating GaN (SI-GaN) epitaxial layer have been investigated and regimes of space charge and Ohmic currents found. Microwave and do current modes were used for...

Instabilities in LEC GaAs Schottky barrier pixel detector imaging arrays

Vaitkus, J.V., Irsigler, R., Andersen, J., Smith, K.M.

We present room temperature measurements of inhomogeneities and instabilities in a GaAs pixel detector array at high bias voltage. The evolution of the inhomogeneity structure and its change due to...

Role of potential barriers in epitaxial layers of semi- insulating GaN layers

Vaitkus, J.V., Gaubas, E., Sakai, S., Lacroix, Y., Wang, T., Smith, K.M., ...

The electrical properties of semi-insulating GaN were investigated by dc and microwave techniques. The different epitaxial GaN layers were grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition on a Al2O3...

Applications of pixellated GaAs X-ray detectors in a synchrotron radiation beam

Watt, J., Bates, R., Campbell, M., Mathieson, K., Mikulec, B., O'Shea, V., ...

Hybrid semiconductor pixel detectors are being investigated as imaging devices for radiography and synchrotron radiation beam applications. Based on previous work in the CERN RD19 and the UK IMPACT...

Dose reductions in dental X-ray imaging using Medipix

Watt, J., Davidson, D.W., Johnston, C., Smith, C., Tlustos, L., Mikulec, B., ...

We have measured the noise power spectra for a commercial CCD device, for dental X-ray imaging, and an X-ray photon counting chip, Medipixl. This quantity provides a measure of the noise propagation...

Large-area microelectrode arrays for recording of neural signals

Mathieson, K., Kachiguine, S., Adams, C., Cunningham, W., Gunning, D., O'Shea, V., ...

To understand the neural code, that the retina uses to communicate the visual scene to the brain, large-area microelectrode arrays are needed to record retinal signals simultaneously from many...

Investigation of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in rabbit cutaneous resistance arteries

Smith, K M, Macmillan, J B, McGrath, J C

Cutaneous resistance arteries (c.r.a.) (internal diameter=240.94±5.42 μm, n=67/25 (number arteries/number animals)) from New Zealand white rabbits were mounted in wire myographs and a...

Selective blockade of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors by hexahydrobenzyl-fourdapine and a comparison with zamifenacin.

Barlow, R. B., Bond, S. M., Branthwaite, A. G., Jackson, O., McQueen, D. S., Smith, K. M., ...

1. 4-Diphenylacetoxy-N-cyclohexylmethyl-piperidine HCl (hexahydro-benz-4DAP) is more active as an antagonist of carbachol at receptors in guinea-pig isolated ileum, log K (pA2) = 6.64 +/- 0.14 (s.e....