Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium (2009)
Dark, Michael J, Herndon, David R, Kappmeyer, Lowell S, Gonzales, Mikel P, Nordeen, Elizabeth, Palmer, Guy H, ...
Abstract Background With the recent completion of numerous sequenced bacterial genomes, notable advances have been made in understanding the level of conservation between various species. However,...
BMC Genomics BioMed Central (2008)
Michael J Dark, David R Herndon, Mikel P Gonzales, Elizabeth Nordeen, Guy H Palmer, Donald P Knowles, ...
Research article Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium
Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Comparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa (2007)
Kelly A. Brayton, David R. Herndon, Linda Hannick, Lowell S. Kappmeyer, Shawn J. Berens, ...
Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan tick-transmitted pathogen of cattle imposing a global risk and severe constraints to livestock health and economic development. The complete genome sequence was...
Guy H. Palmer, Donald P. Knowles, Jose-luis Rodriguez, David P. Gnad, Larry C. Hollis, Twig Marston, ...
Multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis...
Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens
Brayton, Kelly A., Knowles, Donald P., McGuire, Travis C., Palmer, Guy H.
Ehrlichiae are responsible for important tick-transmitted diseases, including anaplasmosis, the most prevalent tick-borne infection of livestock worldwide, and the emerging human diseases monocytic...
Shkap, Varda, Molad, Thea, Brayton, Kelly A., Brown, Wendy C., Palmer, Guy H.
Major surface protein 2 (MSP-2), identified as a protection-inducing immunogen against Anaplasma marginale challenge, is an immunodominant outer membrane protein with orthologues in all examined...
Löhr, Christiane V., Brayton, Kelly A., Shkap, Varda, Molad, Thea, Barbet, Anthony F., Brown, Wendy C., ...
The antigenically variant major surface protein 2 (MSP2) of Anaplasma marginale is expressed from a 3.5-kb operon that contains, in a 5′-to-3′ direction, four open reading frames, opag3, opag2,...
Brayton, Kelly A., Meeus, Patrick F. M., Barbet, Anthony F., Palmer, Guy H.
Vector-borne bacterial pathogens persist in the mammalian host by varying surface antigens to evade the existing immune response. To test whether the model of surface coat switching and immune...
Brown, Wendy C., Palmer, Guy H., Brayton, Kelly A., Meeus, Patrick F. M., Barbet, Anthony F., Kegerreis, Kimberly A., ...
Major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3 of the persistent bovine ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale are immunodominant proteins that undergo antigenic variation. The recently completed sequence...
Palmer, Guy H., Knowles, Donald P., Rodriguez, Jose-Luis, Gnad, David P., Hollis, Larry C., Marston, Twig, ...
Multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis...
Stich, Roger W., Olah, Glenn A., Brayton, Kelly A., Brown, Wendy C., Fechheimer, Marcus, Green-Church, Kari, ...
The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale assembles an actin filament bundle during intracellular infection. Unlike other bacterial pathogens that generate actin filament tails, A. marginale...
Collins, Nicola E., Liebenberg, Junita, De Villiers, Etienne P., Brayton, Kelly A., Louw, Elmarié, Pretorius, Alri, ...
Heartwater, a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants, is caused by the intracellular rickettsia Ehrlichia ruminantium (previously known as Cowdria ruminantium). It is a major constraint to...
Brayton, Kelly A., Kappmeyer, Lowell S., Herndon, David R., Dark, Michael J., Tibbals, David L., Palmer, Guy H., ...
The rickettsia Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen worldwide and is a severe constraint to animal health. A. marginale establishes lifelong persistence in infected...
Palmer, Guy H., Knowles, Donald P., Rodriguez, Jose-Luis, Gnad, David P., Hollis, Larry C., Marston, Twig, ...
LeRoith, Tanya, Brayton, Kelly A., Molloy, John B., Bock, Russell E., Hines, Stephen A., Lew, Ala E., ...
The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) is an immunodominant membrane glycoprotein that is the target of invasion-blocking antibodies. While antigenic variation has been demonstrated in...
Berens, Shawn J., Brayton, Kelly A., Molloy, John B., Bock, Russell E., Lew, Ala E., McElwain, Terry F.
The merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA-2) proteins of Babesia bovis are members of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family that have been implicated in erythrocyte invasion and are...
Lopez, Job E., Siems, William F., Palmer, Guy H., Brayton, Kelly A., McGuire, Travis C., Norimine, Junzo, ...
Immunization with purified Anaplasma marginale outer membranes induces complete protection against infection that is associated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte-mediated gamma interferon secretion and...
Noh, Susan M., Brayton, Kelly A., Knowles, Donald P., Agnes, Joseph T., Dark, Michael J., Brown, Wendy C., ...
Bacterial pathogens in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of each species, major surface protein...
LeRoith, Tanya, Berens, Shawn J., Brayton, Kelly A., Hines, Stephen A., Brown, Wendy C., Norimine, Junzo, ...
A hypervariable region (HVR) previously identified in the carboxy-terminal one-third of the Babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen family was more extensively analyzed in merozoite surface...
Macmillan, Henriette, Brayton, Kelly A., Palmer, Guy H., McGuire, Travis C., Munske, Gerhard, Siems, William F., ...
The protective major surface protein 1 (MSP1) complex of Anaplasma marginale is a heteromer of MSP1a and MSP1b, encoded by a multigene family. The msp1β sequences were highly conserved throughout...
Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens
Brayton, Kelly A., Knowles, Donald P., McGuire, Travis C., Palmer, Guy H.
Ehrlichiae are responsible for important tick-transmitted diseases, including anaplasmosis, the most prevalent tick-borne infection of livestock worldwide, and the emerging human diseases monocytic...
Shkap, Varda, Molad, Thea, Brayton, Kelly A., Brown, Wendy C., Palmer, Guy H.
Major surface protein 2 (MSP-2), identified as a protection-inducing immunogen against Anaplasma marginale challenge, is an immunodominant outer membrane protein with orthologues in all examined...
Löhr, Christiane V., Brayton, Kelly A., Shkap, Varda, Molad, Thea, Barbet, Anthony F., Brown, Wendy C., ...
The antigenically variant major surface protein 2 (MSP2) of Anaplasma marginale is expressed from a 3.5-kb operon that contains, in a 5′-to-3′ direction, four open reading frames, opag3, opag2,...
Brayton, Kelly A., Meeus, Patrick F. M., Barbet, Anthony F., Palmer, Guy H.
Vector-borne bacterial pathogens persist in the mammalian host by varying surface antigens to evade the existing immune response. To test whether the model of surface coat switching and immune...
Brown, Wendy C., Palmer, Guy H., Brayton, Kelly A., Meeus, Patrick F. M., Barbet, Anthony F., Kegerreis, Kimberly A., ...
Major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3 of the persistent bovine ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale are immunodominant proteins that undergo antigenic variation. The recently completed sequence...
Palmer, Guy H., Knowles, Donald P., Rodriguez, Jose-Luis, Gnad, David P., Hollis, Larry C., Marston, Twig, ...
Multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis...
Stich, Roger W., Olah, Glenn A., Brayton, Kelly A., Brown, Wendy C., Fechheimer, Marcus, Green-Church, Kari, ...
The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale assembles an actin filament bundle during intracellular infection. Unlike other bacterial pathogens that generate actin filament tails, A. marginale...
Collins, Nicola E., Liebenberg, Junita, De Villiers, Etienne P., Brayton, Kelly A., Louw, Elmarié, Pretorius, Alri, ...
Heartwater, a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants, is caused by the intracellular rickettsia Ehrlichia ruminantium (previously known as Cowdria ruminantium). It is a major constraint to...
Brayton, Kelly A., Kappmeyer, Lowell S., Herndon, David R., Dark, Michael J., Tibbals, David L., Palmer, Guy H., ...
The rickettsia Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen worldwide and is a severe constraint to animal health. A. marginale establishes lifelong persistence in infected...
Palmer, Guy H., Knowles, Donald P., Rodriguez, Jose-Luis, Gnad, David P., Hollis, Larry C., Marston, Twig, ...
LeRoith, Tanya, Brayton, Kelly A., Molloy, John B., Bock, Russell E., Hines, Stephen A., Lew, Ala E., ...
The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) is an immunodominant membrane glycoprotein that is the target of invasion-blocking antibodies. While antigenic variation has been demonstrated in...
Berens, Shawn J., Brayton, Kelly A., Molloy, John B., Bock, Russell E., Lew, Ala E., McElwain, Terry F.
The merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA-2) proteins of Babesia bovis are members of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family that have been implicated in erythrocyte invasion and are...
Lopez, Job E., Siems, William F., Palmer, Guy H., Brayton, Kelly A., McGuire, Travis C., Norimine, Junzo, ...
Immunization with purified Anaplasma marginale outer membranes induces complete protection against infection that is associated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte-mediated gamma interferon secretion and...
Noh, Susan M., Brayton, Kelly A., Knowles, Donald P., Agnes, Joseph T., Dark, Michael J., Brown, Wendy C., ...
Bacterial pathogens in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of each species, major surface protein...
LeRoith, Tanya, Berens, Shawn J., Brayton, Kelly A., Hines, Stephen A., Brown, Wendy C., Norimine, Junzo, ...
A hypervariable region (HVR) previously identified in the carboxy-terminal one-third of the Babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen family was more extensively analyzed in merozoite surface...
Macmillan, Henriette, Brayton, Kelly A., Palmer, Guy H., McGuire, Travis C., Munske, Gerhard, Siems, William F., ...
The protective major surface protein 1 (MSP1) complex of Anaplasma marginale is a heteromer of MSP1a and MSP1b, encoded by a multigene family. The msp1β sequences were highly conserved throughout...
Palmer, Guy H., Futse, James E., Leverich, Christina K., Knowles, Donald P., Rurangirwa, Fred R., Brayton, Kelly A.
Anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial pathogen, evades clearance in the animal host by antigenic variation. Under immune selection, A. marginale expresses complex major surface protein 2 mosaics,...
Lopez, Job E., Palmer, Guy H., Brayton, Kelly A., Dark, Michael J., Leach, Stephanie E., Brown, Wendy C.
Rickettsial pathogens in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. Immunization with...
Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Comparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa
Brayton, Kelly A, Lau, Audrey O. T, Herndon, David R, Hannick, Linda, Kappmeyer, Lowell S, Berens, Shawn J, ...
Babesia bovis is an apicomplexan tick-transmitted pathogen of cattle imposing a global risk and severe constraints to livestock health and economic development. The complete genome sequence was...
Zhuang, Yan, Futse, James E., Brown, Wendy C., Brayton, Kelly A., Palmer, Guy H.
Multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate rapid intrahost antigenic variation. Both large- and small-genome pathogens expand the size of the variant pool via a...
Berens, Shawn J., Brayton, Kelly A., McElwain, Terry F.
Antigenic polymorphism is a defining characteristic of the Babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family. Sequence analysis strongly suggests that recombination between virulent...
Physical Linkage of Naturally Complexed Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins Enhances Immunogenicity▿
Macmillan, Henriette, Norimine, Junzo, Brayton, Kelly A., Palmer, Guy H., Brown, Wendy C.
The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of bacterial pathogens are essential for their growth and survival and especially for attachment and invasion of host cells. Since the outer membrane is the...
Noh, Susan M., Brayton, Kelly A., Brown, Wendy C., Norimine, Junzo, Munske, Gerhard R., Davitt, Christine M., ...
Surface proteins of tick-borne, intracellular bacterial pathogens mediate functions essential for invasion and colonization. Consequently, the surface proteome of these organisms is specifically...
Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens
Futse, James E., Brayton, Kelly A., Dark, Michael J., Knowles, Donald P., Palmer, Guy H.
A new pathogen strain can penetrate an immune host population only if it can escape immunity generated against the original strain. This model is best understood with influenza viruses, in which...
Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium
Dark, Michael J, Herndon, David R, Kappmeyer, Lowell S, Gonzales, Mikel P, Nordeen, Elizabeth, Palmer, Guy H, ...
Leverich, Christina K., Palmer, Guy H., Knowles, Donald P., Brayton, Kelly A.
Strain superinfection affects the dynamics of epidemiological spread of pathogens through a host population. Superinfection has recently been shown to occur for two genetically distinct strains of...
Ueti, Massaro W., Knowles, Donald P., Brayton, Kelly A., Palmer, Guy H.
Strain superinfection occurs when a second pathogen strain infects a host already carrying a primary strain. Anaplasma marginale superinfection occurs when the second strain carries a variant...