Pfaller, M. A., Chaturvedi, V., Diekema, D. J., Ghannoum, M. A., Holliday, N. M., Killian, S. B., ...
A commercially prepared, dried colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne Trek Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) was compared in three different laboratories with the Clinical and...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Rex, J. H., Alexander, B. D., Andes, D., ...
The CLSI Antifungal Subcommittee followed the M23-A2 "blueprint" to develop interpretive MIC breakpoints for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against Candida species. MICs of < or = 2...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Fothergill, A., Ghannoum, M., Manavathu, E., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The CLSI (formerly NCCLS) M38-A document for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not describe guidelines for echinocandins. A multicenter study (eight centers) evaluated...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rex, J. H., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Johnson, E. M., Andes, D., ...
Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between...
Ghannoum, M. A., Arthington-Skaggs, B., Chaturvedi, V., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rennie, R., ...
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, or NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does...
Ghannoum, M. A., Chaturvedi, V., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M. G., Lee-Yang, W., ...
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi does not explicitly address the testing of...
R. N. Jones, R. J. Hollis, S. A. Messer, D. J. Biedenbach, L. M. Deshp, ...
Strains of extended-spectrum �-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) have emerged worldwide. Concomitant ciprofloxacin resistance with ESBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates would...
Lewis, R. E., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Pfaller, M. A., Klepser, M. E.
Currently, there is considerable debate regarding the best in vitro method for testing antifungal combinations against Candida spp. In this study, we compared the results obtained by chequerboard...
Pfaller, M. A., Acar, J., Jones, R. N., Verhoef, J., Turnidge, John Douglas, Sader, H. S.
© 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Pfaller, M. A., Acar, J., Jones, R. N., Verhoef, J., Turnidge, John Douglas, Sader, H. S.
© 2001 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M., Chaturvedi, V., Ghannoum, M., Hazen, K. C., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The most important role of susceptibility testing is to identify potentially resistant isolates for the agent being evaluated. Standard testing guidelines recently have been proposed for antifungal...
Pfaller, M. A., Zhang, J., Messer, S. A., Brandt, M. E., Hajjeh, R. A., Jessup, C. J., ...
We investigated the in vitro activity of voriconazole compared to those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 566 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from Africa (164) and the United...
Jessup, C. J., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Zhang, J., Tumberland, M., Mbidde, E. K., ...
We compared the yeast nitrogen base (YNB) broth microdilution method with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A microdilution reference method for measuring the in...
Surveillance of the current resistance of nosocomial pathogens to antibacterials (1997)
Voss, A., Turnidge, J., Pfaller, M.A., Jarlier, V., Garcia-Rodriguez, J., Bauernfeind, A., ...
Standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing (1996)
Cormican, M. G., Pfaller, M. A.
The application of in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing to clinical research and to the guidance of antifungal therapy has been limited by a lack of reproducibility and uncertain clinical...
McLaughlin, J. C., Barry, A. L., Fuchs, P. C., Gerlach, E. H., Hardy, D. J., Pfaller, M. A.
Susceptibility tests were performed on 2402 of consecutive isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and 254 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in five separate medical centres. Five β-lactams were evaluated...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Gee, S., Joly, S., Pujol, C., Sullivan, D. J., ...
Candida dubliniensis is a newly recognized fungal pathogen causing mucosal disease in AIDS patients. Although preliminary studies indicate that most strains of C. dubliniensis are susceptible to...
Marco, F., Lockhart, S. R., Pfaller, M. A., Pujol, C., Rangel-Frausto, M. S., Wiblin, T., ...
Computer-assisted DNA fingerprinting with the complex probe Ca3 has been used to analyze the relatedness of isolates collected from individuals with nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and...
Gales, A. C., Pfaller, M. A., Houston, A. K., Joly, S., Sullivan, D. J., Coleman, D. C., ...
To have a better understanding of the role of Candida dubliniensis in clinical infections, it is essential that microbiology laboratories can identify this species rapidly and accurately in clinical...
Pfaller, M. A., Mujeeb, I., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V.
A total of 63 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis collected over a 19-month period were typed by the Dienes test and ribotyping. Ribotyping was performed using the fully automated RiboPrinter...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Mills, K., Bolmström, A.
The performance of the Etest for itraconazole susceptibility testing of 50 isolates of filamentous fungi was assessed in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards...
Quality Control Limits for Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Tests of Ten Antifungal Agents
Barry, A. L., Pfaller, M. A., Brown, S. D., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Ghannoum, M. A., Knapp, C., ...
Broth microdilution susceptibility tests of Candida species have now been standardized by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). An eight-laboratory collaborative study was...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., Mills, K., Bolmstrom, A., Jones, R. N.
Performance of the Etest for voriconazole susceptibility testing of 312 isolates of Candida spp. was assessed against that of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)...
Yamazumi, T., Marshall, S. A., Wilke, W. W., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Jones, Ronald N.
The Vitek automated susceptibility testing system with a modified Gram-Positive Susceptibility (GPS) 106 Card (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) and a rapid slide latex agglutination test...
Brueggemann, A. B., Pfaller, M. A., Doern, G. V.
Linear regression analysis was used to compare penicillin MICs determined with 3,129 recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to MICs obtained with nine other beta-lactam antimicrobial...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Jones, R. N., Sader, H. S., Fluit, A. C., Hollis, R. J., ...
A surveillance program (SENTRY) of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe from 1997 through 1999 detected 1,184 episodes of candidemia in 71 medical...
Yamazumi, T., Furuta, I., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N.
The Vitek automated susceptibility testing system with a modified gram-positive susceptibility (GPS) 106 card (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood. Mo.) and a rapid slide latex agglutination test...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Mills, K., Bolmström, A., Jones, R. N.
The performance of the Etest for posaconazole (SCH 56592) susceptibility testing of 314 isolates of Candida spp. was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Mills, K., Bolmström, A., Jones, R. N.
The performance of the Etest for testing the susceptibilities to caspofungin (MK-0991) of 726 isolates of Candida spp. was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards...
Richter, S., Cormican, M. G., Pfaller, M. A., Lee, C. K., Gingrich, R., Rinaldi, M. G., ...
Trichoderma longibrachiatum was recovered from stool surveillance cultures and a perirectal ulcer biopsy specimen from a 29-year-old male who had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for...
Pfaller, M. A., Zhang, J., Messer, S. A., Brandt, M. E., Hajjeh, R. A., Jessup, C. J., ...
We investigated the in vitro activity of voriconazole compared to those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 566 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from Africa (164) and the United...
Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., Hollis, R. J., Doern, G. V., ...
We compared the in vitro activity of BMS-207147, an investigational triazole, with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 613 clinical bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. collected from...
Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V., Sader, H. S., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., ...
An international program of surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, and Latin America detected 306 episodes of candidemia in 34 medical centers (22 in the United...
Winokur, P. L., Brueggemann, A., DeSalvo, D. L., Hoffmann, L., Apley, M. D., Uhlenhopp, E. K., ...
Salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that are demonstrating increasing antimicrobial resistance rates in isolates obtained from food animals and humans. In this study, 10...
Yamazumi, T., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
The in vitro activities of the new triazole, ravuconazole (BMS-207147), were compared to those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Isolates were...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M., Chaturvedi, V., Ghannoum, M., Hazen, K. C., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The most important role of susceptibility testing is to identify potentially resistant isolates for the agent being evaluated. Standard testing guidelines recently have been proposed for antifungal...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
Posaconazole is a new investigational triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of posaconazole were compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685...
Pfaller, M. A., Lockhart, S. R., Pujol, C., Swails-Wenger, J. A., Messer, S. A., Edmond, M. B., ...
In a survey of bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates across the continental United States, 162 Candida albicans isolates were fingerprinted with the species-specific probe Ca3 and the patterns were...
Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V., Sader, H. S., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., ...
An international program of surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in the United States, Canada, and South America between January and December 1997 detected 306 episodes of candidemia in 34...
Jessup, C. J., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Zhang, J., Tumberland, M., Mbidde, E. K., ...
We compared the yeast nitrogen base (YNB) broth microdilution method with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A microdilution reference method for measuring the in...
Chen, Yao-Shen, Marshall, S. A., Winokur, P. L., Coffman, S. L., Wilke, W. W., Murray, P. R., ...
Modified MicroScan gram-positive MIC no. 8 panels (PM-8) were analyzed for their improved ability to detect vancomycin resistance (VR) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci....
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Karlsson, Å., Bolmström, A.
The performance of the Etest for fluconazole susceptibility testing of 402 yeast isolates was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) microdilution broth...
Pfaller, M. A., Arikan, S., Lozano-Chiu, M., Coffman, S., Messer, S. A., ...
A method using a commercially prepared colorimetric microdilution panel (ASTY; Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was compared in four different laboratories with the National Committee for...
Odds, F. C., Van Gerven, F., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M. S., Ghannoum, M. A., Lancaster, M. V., ...
Nine isolates of filamentous fungi previously tested in 11 different laboratories for their susceptibilities to amphotericin B and itraconazole in vitro were injected intravenously into mice and...
Marco, F., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S., Jones, R. N.
Voriconazole (formerly UK-109,496) is a new monotriazole antifungal agent which has potent activity against Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species. We investigated the in vitro activity of...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V., Brandt, M. E., ...
BMS-207147, Sch 56592, and voriconazole are three new investigational triazoles with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of these three agents were compared with those of...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Jones, R. N., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J.
From 1 January 1997 through 31 December 2000, 2,047 bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Candida spp. were reported from hospitals in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe...
Richter, S. S., Beekmann, S. E., Croco, J. L., Diekema, D. J., Koontz, F. P., Pfaller, M. A., ...
An algorithm was implemented in the clinical microbiology laboratory to assess the clinical significance of organisms that are often considered contaminants (coagulase-negative staphylococci, aerobic...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
Posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole are new triazole derivatives that possess potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. We evaluated the in vitro activity of these investigational...
Barry, A. L., Pfaller, M. A., Rennie, R. P., Fuchs, P. C., Brown, S. D.
Interpretive agreements among the results of fluconazole broth microdilution tests, Etests, and disk diffusion tests were documented by evaluating 495 Candida spp. Microdilution reference test...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Diekema, D. J.
The in vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole were compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC), itraconazole, and fluconazole against 6,970 isolates of Candida spp. obtained...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Huynh, H., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
We determined the in vitro activity of flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine [5FC]) against 8,803 clinical isolates of Candida spp. (18 species) obtained from more than 200 medical centers worldwide between...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Huynh, H., Hollis, R. J.
A commercially prepared frozen broth microdilution panel (Trek Diagnostic Systems, Westlake, Ohio) was compared with a reference microdilution panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of two...
Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Brueggemann, A. B., Coffman, S. L., Doern, G. V., Herwaldt, L. A., ...
Bloodstream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surveillance for candidemia is necessary to detect trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance....
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp. The in vitro activities of caspofungin against 3,959 isolates of Candida spp....
Maxwell, M. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A.
The performance of the Etest for voriconazole and amphotericin B susceptibility testing of 162 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory...
Yamazumi, T., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A. K., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., ...
Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans expressing heteroresistance to fluconazole have been described previously. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of heteroresistance among...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
We determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 314 strains of Candida spp., representing 13 species rarely isolated from blood, to posaconazole and voriconazole as well as four licensed systemic...
Pfaller, J. B., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A.
The performance of the Etest for voriconazole and for itraconazole susceptibility testing of 376 isolates of Aspergillus spp. was assessed in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical...
Maxwell, M. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J., ...
The performance of Etest in fluconazole and voriconazole testing of 279 isolates of uncommon Candida spp. was assessed in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J.
The ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Susceptibility Program (ARTEMIS Program) was initiated in 2001 to provide focused surveillance of the activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against Candida spp....
Jones, R. N., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Biedenbach, D. J., Deshpande, L. M., ...
Strains of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) have emerged worldwide. Concomitant ciprofloxacin resistance with ESBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates would...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
We examined the susceptibilities to fluconazole of 559 bloodstream infection isolates of Candida glabrata and grouped the isolates by patient age and geographic location within the United States....
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J.
The performances of the Etest and the disk diffusion methods for testing of the susceptibilities of 235 Candida glabrata isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole were compared with that of the...
Rex, J H, Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L, Nelson, P W, Webb, C D
The antifungal susceptibilities of 232 pathogenic blood stream Candida isolates collected during a recently completed trial comparing fluconazole (400 mg/day) with amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg of body...
Anaissie, E J, Paetznick, V L, Ensign, L G, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Galgiani, J N, Hitchcock, C A, ...
The growth patterns observed in the trailing wells when fluconazole is being tested may give rise to readings that suggest resistance or increased MICs for known susceptible strains. We conducted a...
Garrison, M W, Anderson, D E, Campbell, D M, Carroll, K C, Malone, C L, Anderson, J D, ...
Emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a nosocomial pathogen is becoming increasingly apparent. Pleiotropic resistance characterizes S. maltophilia. Furthermore, a slow growth rate and an...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S, Jones, R N
Sch 56592 is a new triazole agent with potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of Sch 56592, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine (5-FC) against 404...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Coffman, S
LY303366 is a new semisynthetic echinocandin derivative with potent, broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. We investigated the in vitro activity of LY303366, amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC),...
Klepser, M E, Wolfe, E J, Jones, R N, Nightingale, C H, Pfaller, M A
Time-kill curves were determined for three isolates of Candida albicans tested against fluconazole and amphotericin B at multiples of the MIC. Fluconazole produced fungistatic activity, with...
Collaborative investigation of variables in susceptibility testing of yeasts.
Pfaller, M A, Rinaldi, M G, Galgiani, J N, Bartlett, M S, Body, B A, Espinel-Ingroff, A, ...
A multicenter study was performed to evaluate the effect of medium, incubation time (24 and 48 h), and temperature (30 and 35 degrees C) on intra- and interlaboratory variations in MICs of...
Effect of serum on the in vitro activities of 11 broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Perl, T M, Pfaller, M A, Houston, A, Wenzel, R P
We evaluated the effect of serum on the in vitro activities of 11 antimicrobial agents against gram-negative isolates obtained from 100 patients with nosocomial bacteremia. The test organisms...
Multicenter in vitro evaluation of SM-7338, a new carbapenem.
Jones, R N, Aldridge, K E, Allen, S D, Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C, Gerlach, E H, ...
A new carbapenem, SM-7338, was compared with imipenem, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime at five medical centers. Nearly 6,000 strains were tested by reference methods of the National Committee for...
Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Pfaller, M. A.
We examined the in vitro activity of caspofungin, posaconazole, voriconazole, ravuconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against 448 recent clinical mold isolates. The endpoint for reading...
Fitch, C D, Chevli, R, Banyal, H S, Phillips, G, Pfaller, M A, Krogstad, D J
Ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and a chloroquine-FP complex lysed isolated Plasmodium falciparum parasites as judged by decreases in the turbidity of parasite suspensions and by ultrastructural changes....
In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpiramide.
Pfaller, M A, Niles, A C, Murray, P R
A microbroth dilution method was used to measure the MICs of cefpiramide (SM 1652), cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, and mezlocillin against 921 isolates...
Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C, Pfaller, M A
In in vitro studies we evaluated the susceptibilities of beta-lactamase-producing and -nonproducing, ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae and compared them with those of...
Multicenter evaluation of a broth macrodilution antifungal susceptibility test for yeasts.
Fromtling, R A, Galgiani, J N, Pfaller, M A, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Bartizal, K F, Bartlett, M S, ...
Thirteen laboratories collaborated to optimize interlaboratory agreement of results of a broth macrodilution procedure for testing three classes of antifungal drugs against pathogenic yeasts. The...
Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C
Ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of Ro 41-3399, was tested against 391 gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates. Ro 40-6890 was active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae,...
Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C, Gerlach, E H, Hardy, D J, McLaughlin, J C, Pfaller, M A
A five-laboratory coordinated study was undertaken to determine whether ticarcillin and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid disk susceptibility tests could accurately detect resistance among enteric bacilli....
Standardized susceptibility testing of fluconazole: an international collaborative study.
Pfaller, M A, Dupont, B, Kobayashi, G S, Müller, J, Rinaldi, M G, Espinel-Ingroff, A, ...
An international collaborative study of broth dilution (MIC) and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted by using a chemically defined medium (High-Resolution Antifungal...
Voss, A, Pfaller, M A, Hollis, R J, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Doebbeling, B N
An apparent outbreak of serious Candida albicans infections (n = 6) occurred in a surgical intensive care unit over a 4-week period. Four patients developed C. albicans bloodstream infections. An...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Coffmann, S
A study to compare three different methods for reading MIC endpoints tested by the broth microdilution modification of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (Villanova, Pa.)...
Pfaller, M A, Bale, M, Buschelman, B, Lancaster, M, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Rex, J H, ...
Amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine (5FC) were tested in a multilaboratory study to establish quality control (QC) guidelines for yeast antifungal susceptibility testing. Ten candidate QC...
Comparison of four DNA-based methods for strain delineation of Candida lusitaniae.
King, D, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Pfaller, M A, Moser, S A, Merz, W G
Four methods for the accurate delineation of epidemiologically related and unrelated strains of Candida lusitaniae were compared. Three pulsed-field electrophoretic methods, including two...
Swenson, J M, Clark, N C, Sahm, D F, Ferraro, M J, Doern, G, Hindler, J, ...
Studies were conducted to validate the use of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 (which is vancomycin resistant and resistant to high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin) and E. faecalis ATCC 29212...
Pfaller, M A, Houston, A, Coffmann, S
CHROMagar Candida is a new differential culture medium that allows selective isolation of yeasts and simultaneously identifies colonies of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. We evaluated...
Comparison of three methods for recovery of yeasts from hands of health-care workers.
Strausbaugh, L J, Sewell, D L, Tjoelker, R C, Heitzman, T, Webster, T, Ward, T T, ...
This study compared three methods for the detection of yeasts on the hands of 30 nurses: (i) direct finger impressions on inhibitory mold agar plates, (ii) bag washes in brain heart infusion broth,...
Rex, J H, Pfaller, M A, Lancaster, M, Odds, F C, Bolmström, A, Rinaldi, M G
Ketoconazole and itraconazole were tested in a multilaboratory study to establish quality control (QC) guidelines for yeast antifungal susceptibility testing. Two isolates that had been previously...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Bolmström, A, Odds, F C, Rex, J H
A multicenter study was performed to establish the interlaboratory reproducibility of Etest, to provide an additional comparison of Etest MICs with reference broth macrodilution MICs, and to develop...
Strain variation among and antifungal susceptibilities of isolates of Candida krusei.
Berrouane, Y F, Hollis, R J, Pfaller, M A
Candida krusei is an emerging pathogen that is well known for its propensity to develop resistance to fluconazole and other azoles. Despite the potential clinical significance of C. krusei, little is...
In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates.
Zerva, L, Hollis, R J, Pfaller, M A
Saccharomyces spp. are widely distributed in nature and may colonize the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates have been previously considered nonpathogenic,...
Espinel-Ingroff, A, Bartlett, M, Bowden, R, Chin, N X, Cooper, C, Fothergill, A, ...
A multicenter study was conducted to expand the generation and analysis of data that supports the proposal of a reference method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Broth...
Lozano-Chiu, M, Nelson, P W, Lancaster, M, Pfaller, M A, Rex, J H
We have previously shown that use of antibiotic medium 3 in the microdilution variant of the M27-T test method permits detection of amphotericin B-resistant Candida isolates. As this medium is not...
Redding, S W, Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Smith, J A, Prows, J, Bradley, L L, ...
Five Candida albicans colonies from each infection in AIDS patients receiving fluconazole therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis over a 2-year period were evaluated by antifungal susceptibility...
Fuchs, P C, Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A, Allen, S D, Gerlach, E H
The in vitro activities of three new quinolones (sparfloxacin, CI-960, and PD 131,628) were compared with that of ciprofloxacin against 5,252 routine clinical aerobic and facultatively anaerobic...
Washington, J A, Jones, R N, Allen, S D, Gerlach, E H, Koontz, F P, Murray, P R, ...
The activity of GR69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of...
Exophiala oligosperma Causing Olecranon Bursitis
Bossler, A. D., Richter, S. S., Chavez, A. J., Vogelgesang, S. A., Sutton, D. A., Grooters, A. M., ...
A 62-year-old male with a history of Wegener's granulomatosis and immunosuppressive therapy presented with chronic olecranon bursitis. A black velvety mould with brown septate hyphae and tapered...
Pfaller, M A, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Redding, S W, Smith, J, Farinacci, G, Fothergill, A W, ...
DNA subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and in vitro susceptibility testing were used to study strain variation and fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from patients with...
Genotypic variation and slime production among blood and catheter isolates of Candida parapsilosis.
Branchini, M L, Pfaller, M A, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Frempong, T, Isenberg, H D
Candida parapsilosis is an important nosocomial pathogen that can proliferate in high concentrations of glucose and form biofilms on prosthetic materials. We investigated the genotypic diversity and...
Pfaller, M A, Grant, C, Morthland, V, Rhine-Chalberg, J
A comparative evaluation of methods for broth macro- and microdilution susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted with 119 clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Macro- and microdilution...
Pfaller, M A, Vu, Q, Lancaster, M, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Fothergill, A, Grant, C, ...
MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined independently for 100 coded yeast isolates by each of six laboratories to determine reproducibility of results by using a colorimetric...
Pfaller, M A, Bale, M, Buschelman, B, Lancaster, M, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Rex, J H, ...
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards has developed a proposed standard method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates (National Committee for Clinical...
Development of a standardized screening method for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Swenson, J M, Clark, N C, Ferraro, M J, Sahm, D F, Doern, G, Pfaller, M A, ...
The incidence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci is increasing in the United States and elsewhere in the world, but automated susceptibility testing methods have difficulty detecting...
A comparative evaluation of two broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of 600 clinical yeast isolates (Candida spp., Torulopsis glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans)...
Sewell, D L, Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L
A comparison of the E test, the broth microdilution test, and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for fluconazole...
High frequency of yeast carriage on hands of hospital personnel.
Strausbaugh, L J, Sewell, D L, Ward, T T, Pfaller, M A, Heitzman, T, Tjoelker, R
The hands of 36 nurses and 21 nonnursing hospital employees were tested by culture with a modification of the broth wash technique. Seventy-five percent of the nurses and 81% of the nonnurses were...
Evaluation and characterization of multiresistant Enterococcus faecium from 12 U.S. medical centers.
Sader, H S, Pfaller, M A, Tenover, F C, Hollis, R J, Jones, R N
Forty-two Enterococcus faecium isolates resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin (VanA phenotype) from 12 U.S. medical centers were analyzed by...
Levofloxacin disk potency and tentative interpretive criteria for susceptibility tests.
Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C
Levofloxacin disk susceptibility test criteria were evaluated by testing 350 bacterial isolates. Either 5- or 10-micrograms disks could be used satisfactorily. A 5-micrograms levofloxacin disk with...
Ramoplanin susceptibility testing criteria.
Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A, Fuchs, P C
Ramoplanin and mupirocin are two antimicrobial agents that may be applied topically. They had similar potencies against susceptible gram-positive cocci, but they differed in their spectra of...
Tentative interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of sparfloxacin.
Fuchs, P C, Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A
Susceptibility to sparfloxacin was tested simultaneously by the agar dilution and disk diffusion methods. For tests with 5-micrograms sparfloxacin disks, we propose that the breakpoints for the...
Sewell, D L, Rashad, A L, Rourke, W J, Poor, S L, McCarthy, J A, Pfaller, M A
The performance of the Septi-Chek AFB system was compared with that of the BACTEC radiometric system and that of Lowenstein-Jensen agar slants (LJ) for detection of mycobacteria in clinical...
Multicenter evaluation of four methods of yeast inoculum preparation.
Pfaller, M A, Burmeister, L, Bartlett, M S, Rinaldi, M G
We initiated a comparative study of four methods of yeast inoculum preparation: a spectrophotometric method, the Wickerham card method, a hemacytometer method, and the Prompt inoculation system. The...
Pfaller, M A, Preston, T, Bale, M, Koontz, F P, Body, B A
The Quantum II Yeast Identification System (Abbott Laboratories) is a microprocessor-based spectrophotometric system for identification of clinical yeast isolates within 24 h. We compared the Quantum...
Investigation of the sequence of colonization and candidemia in nonneutropenic patients.
Voss, A, Hollis, R J, Pfaller, M A, Wenzel, R P, Doebbeling, B N
Among neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies, candidemia has been shown to arise typically from autoinfection after colonization. In patients without neutropenia, we examined the...
Pfaller, M A, Barrett, M, Koontz, F P, Wenzel, R P, Cunningham, M D, Rollins, N, ...
A direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody test (DFA; Genetic Systems Corp., Seattle, Wash.) was evaluated for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 178 blood culture broths obtained from 128...
Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus causing colonization and bloodstream infection.
Veach, L A, Pfaller, M A, Barrett, M, Koontz, F P, Wenzel, R P
The increase in the incidence of infections due to beta-lactam-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci has resulted in expanded use of vancomycin for such infections. Despite this,...
Reagan, D R, Pfaller, M A, Hollis, R J, Wenzel, R P
The objective of this hospital-based study was to determine the relationship between colonizing and infecting strains of Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata. Surveillance cultures from high-risk...
Pfaller, M A, Bale, M J, Schulte, K R, Koontz, F P
The Quantum II Bacterial Identification System (BID; Abbott Laboratories) is a microprocessor-based spectrophotometric system for identification within 4 to 5 h of both enteric and nonenteric...
Jones, R N, Gerlach, E H, Koontz, F P, Murray, P R, Pfaller, M A, Washington, J A, ...
Cefotetan was tested in a multilaboratory study to standardize susceptibility testing criteria and quality control guidelines for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Cefotetan was most active against...
Pfaller, M A, Sahm, D, O'Hara, C, Ciaglia, C, Yu, M, Yamane, N, ...
The autoSCAN-W/A (W/A; Baxter MicroScan, West Sacramento, Calif.) with the new fluorometric Rapid Neg Combo 1 (RNC) panel is a fully automated fluorometric system for identification of both enteric...
Candida zeylanoides: another opportunistic yeast.
Levenson, D, Pfaller, M A, Smith, M A, Hollis, R, Gerarden, T, Tucci, C B, ...
A patient with a long history of scleroderma and gastrointestinal malabsorption requiring total parenteral nutrition was admitted with Candida zeylanoides fungemia. The yeast responded to therapy,...
Collaborative comparison of broth macrodilution and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests.
Espinel-Ingroff, A, Kish, C W, Kerkering, T M, Fromtling, R A, Bartizal, K, Galgiani, J N, ...
A collaborative comparison of macro- and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests was performed in five laboratories. MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, and ketoconazole were...
Clinical laboratory evaluation of a urine screening device.
Pfaller, M A, Baum, C A, Niles, A C, Murray, P R
A study was conducted to compare the Bac-T-Screen Bacterial Detection Device for Urines (BDD; Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.) with urine Gram stain as a screen for bacteriuria. We analyzed 631...
Pfaller, M A, Krogstad, D J, Granich, G G, Murray, P R
We compared the precision and accuracy of five methods used to measure the concentration of vancomycin in serum: bioassay, high-pressure liquid chromatography, fluorescence polarization immunoassay...
Two rapid urine screening tests, the Chemstrip LN (BioDynamics, Indianapolis, Ind.) and the Bac-T-Screen urine screening device (Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.), were evaluated as...
Laboratory evaluation of leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests for the detection of bacteriuria.
We compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the 1-min leukocyte esterase test and the test for urinary nitrite alone and in combination as screening tests for bacteriuria in...
Restriction fragment analysis of a Candida tropicalis outbreak of sternal wound infections.
Doebbeling, B N, Hollis, R J, Isenberg, H D, Wenzel, R P, Pfaller, M A
An apparent single-source outbreak of Candida tropicalis sternal wound infections in eight patients was investigated by utilizing DNA restriction fragment analysis (RFA) with HindIII and BstNI. All...
Clinical laboratory comparison of a slide blood culture system with a conventional broth system.
Pfaller, M A, Sibley, T K, Westfall, L M, Hoppe-Bauer, J E, Keating, M A, Murray, P R
The recovery of bacteria and fungi from blood cultures was compared in conventional tryptic soy broth (TSB) bottles and in TSB bottles with an agarcoated slide attachment. A total of 2,662 sets of...
Pfaller, M A, Westfall, L M, Niles, A C, Kinroth, A, Murray, P R
The performance of tryptic soy broth (TSB) was compared with TSB supplemented with 10% sucrose (TSB-S) in the Septi-Chek blood culture system (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.). A total...
Value of routine aerobic subculturing of unvented blood culture bottles.
Pfaller, M A, Westfall, L M, Murray, P R
The value of performing routine aerobic subcultures of both vented and unvented blood culture bottles has not been evaluated critically. We studied 4,954 pairs of blood culture bottles consisting of...
Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A, Fuchs, P C, Packer, R R
Clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis were gathered from 19 different clinical laboratories throughout the...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
We evaluated the NCCLS M44-P fluconazole disk diffusion method in comparison with the NCCLS M27-A2 broth microdilution method for determining the susceptibility of 276 isolates of Cryptococcus...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
The shelf life of Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and methylene blue (0.5 μg/ml) (MH-GMB) prepared in the laboratory to test disk diffusion of voriconazole and fluconazole was...
Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, are increasingly important causes of nosocomial infection. Microbiologists and clinicians no longer can afford to disregard...
Antifungal susceptibility testing.
Rex, J H, Pfaller, M A, Rinaldi, M G, Polak, A, Galgiani, J N
Unlike antibacterial susceptibility testing, reliable antifungal susceptibility testing is still largely in its infancy. Many methods have been described, but they produce widely discrepant results...
Pfaller, M. A., Sheehan, D. J., Rex, J. H.
In certain unique clinical settings, the ability of the antimicrobial agent administered to kill the pathogen outright may be quite important. These situations invariably involve infection of a site...
Pfaller, M. A., Barry, A., Bille, J., Brown, S., Ellis, D., Meis, J. F., ...
An international collaborative study was performed in order to propose quality control limits for voriconazole disk diffusion tests on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2% glucose and 0.5 μg of methylene...
Ghannoum, M. A., Chaturvedi, V., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M. G., Lee-Yang, W., ...
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi does not explicitly address the testing of...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
We examined the susceptibilities to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin of 601 invasive isolates of Candida glabrata and grouped the...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
Cross-resistance within a class of antimicrobial agents is a problem that is often encountered with antibacterial agents, and it is also an issue with antifungal agents. A current example is...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
The influence of test variables on in vitro susceptibility testing of caspofungin was examined with 694 isolates of Candida albicans including seven laboratory-derived glucan synthesis mutants. The...
Pfaller, M. A., Hazen, K. C., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
The accuracy of antifungal susceptibility tests is important for accurate resistance surveillance and for the clinical management of patients with serious infections. Our main objective was to...
Pfaller, M. A., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Jones, R. N.
A commercially prepared dried colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne, TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, Ohio) was compared in three different laboratories with the National Committee...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
The performance of the Etest using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with glucose (2%) and methylene blue (0.5 μg/ml) (MH-GMB) for amphotericin B susceptibility testing of 4,936 isolates of Candida...
Activities of Available and Investigational Antifungal Agents against Rhodotorula Species
Diekema, D. J., Petroelje, B., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Pfaller, M. A
Rhodotorula species are emerging pathogens in immunocompromised patients. We report the in vitro activities of eight antifungals against 64 Rhodotorula isolates collected in surveillance programs...
Global Trends in the Antifungal Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans (1990 to 2004)
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
The antifungal susceptibilities of 1,811 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans obtained from 100 laboratories in 5 geographic regions worldwide between 1990 and 2004 were determined. The MICs...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Barchiesi, F., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L., ...
The aim of this study was to compare MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole obtained by the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and CLSI...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
The in vitro activity of itraconazole was determined against 7,299 isolates of Candida spp., 1,615 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, and 445 isolates of Aspergillus spp. obtained from over 200...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Barchiesi, F., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Fothergill, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M., ...
A multicenter (six-center) study evaluated the performance (interlaboratory reproducibility, compatibility with reference methods, and categorical agreement) of 24-h visual and 48-h...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
The accuracy of antifungal susceptibility testing is important for reliable resistance surveillance and for the clinical management of patients with serious infections. Our primary objective was to...
Effectiveness of Anidulafungin in Eradicating Candida Species in Invasive Candidiasis
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
In a phase 2 open-label, dose-ranging study in patients with candidemia, anidulafungin was effective in eradicating Candida albicans and other species of Candida. The anidulafungin MIC distribution...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
Anidulafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with potent activity against Candida spp. We assessed the in vitro activity of anidulafungin against 2,235 clinical isolates of Candida spp. using...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rinaldi, M. G., Barnes, R., Hu, B., Veselov, A. V., ...
Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 140,767 yeasts were collected from 127 participating investigators in 39 countries from June 1997 through December 2003. Data were collected on...
Messer, S. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Pfaller, M. A.
Micafungin is a new echinocandin exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against Candida spp. The activity of the echinocandins against Candida species known to express intrinsic or acquired resistance to...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rex, J. H., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Johnson, E. M., Andes, D., ...
Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between...
In Vitro Susceptibilities of Candida spp. to Caspofungin: Four Years of Global Surveillance
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
Caspofungin is being used increasingly as therapy for invasive candidiasis. Prospective sentinel surveillance for emergence of in vitro resistance to caspofungin among invasive Candida spp. isolates...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Gee, S., Joly, S., Pujol, C., Sullivan, D. J., ...
Candida dubliniensis is a newly recognized fungal pathogen causing mucosal disease in AIDS patients. Although preliminary studies indicate that most strains of C. dubliniensis are susceptible to...
Marco, F., Lockhart, S. R., Pfaller, M. A., Pujol, C., Rangel-Frausto, M. S., Wiblin, T., ...
Computer-assisted DNA fingerprinting with the complex probe Ca3 has been used to analyze the relatedness of isolates collected from individuals with nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and...
Gales, A. C., Pfaller, M. A., Houston, A. K., Joly, S., Sullivan, D. J., Coleman, D. C., ...
To have a better understanding of the role of Candida dubliniensis in clinical infections, it is essential that microbiology laboratories can identify this species rapidly and accurately in clinical...
Pfaller, M. A., Mujeeb, I., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V.
A total of 63 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis collected over a 19-month period were typed by the Dienes test and ribotyping. Ribotyping was performed using the fully automated RiboPrinter...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Mills, K., Bolmström, A.
The performance of the Etest for itraconazole susceptibility testing of 50 isolates of filamentous fungi was assessed in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards...
Quality Control Limits for Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Tests of Ten Antifungal Agents
Barry, A. L., Pfaller, M. A., Brown, S. D., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Ghannoum, M. A., Knapp, C., ...
Broth microdilution susceptibility tests of Candida species have now been standardized by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). An eight-laboratory collaborative study was...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., Mills, K., Bolmstrom, A., Jones, R. N.
Performance of the Etest for voriconazole susceptibility testing of 312 isolates of Candida spp. was assessed against that of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)...
Yamazumi, T., Marshall, S. A., Wilke, W. W., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Jones, Ronald N.
The Vitek automated susceptibility testing system with a modified Gram-Positive Susceptibility (GPS) 106 Card (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) and a rapid slide latex agglutination test...
Brueggemann, A. B., Pfaller, M. A., Doern, G. V.
Linear regression analysis was used to compare penicillin MICs determined with 3,129 recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to MICs obtained with nine other beta-lactam antimicrobial...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Jones, R. N., Sader, H. S., Fluit, A. C., Hollis, R. J., ...
A surveillance program (SENTRY) of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe from 1997 through 1999 detected 1,184 episodes of candidemia in 71 medical...
Yamazumi, T., Furuta, I., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N.
The Vitek automated susceptibility testing system with a modified gram-positive susceptibility (GPS) 106 card (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood. Mo.) and a rapid slide latex agglutination test...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Mills, K., Bolmström, A., Jones, R. N.
The performance of the Etest for posaconazole (SCH 56592) susceptibility testing of 314 isolates of Candida spp. was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Mills, K., Bolmström, A., Jones, R. N.
The performance of the Etest for testing the susceptibilities to caspofungin (MK-0991) of 726 isolates of Candida spp. was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards...
Richter, S., Cormican, M. G., Pfaller, M. A., Lee, C. K., Gingrich, R., Rinaldi, M. G., ...
Trichoderma longibrachiatum was recovered from stool surveillance cultures and a perirectal ulcer biopsy specimen from a 29-year-old male who had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for...
Pfaller, M. A., Zhang, J., Messer, S. A., Brandt, M. E., Hajjeh, R. A., Jessup, C. J., ...
We investigated the in vitro activity of voriconazole compared to those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 566 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from Africa (164) and the United...
Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., Hollis, R. J., Doern, G. V., ...
We compared the in vitro activity of BMS-207147, an investigational triazole, with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 613 clinical bloodstream isolates of Candida spp. collected from...
Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V., Sader, H. S., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., ...
An international program of surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, and Latin America detected 306 episodes of candidemia in 34 medical centers (22 in the United...
Winokur, P. L., Brueggemann, A., DeSalvo, D. L., Hoffmann, L., Apley, M. D., Uhlenhopp, E. K., ...
Salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that are demonstrating increasing antimicrobial resistance rates in isolates obtained from food animals and humans. In this study, 10...
Yamazumi, T., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
The in vitro activities of the new triazole, ravuconazole (BMS-207147), were compared to those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Isolates were...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M., Chaturvedi, V., Ghannoum, M., Hazen, K. C., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The most important role of susceptibility testing is to identify potentially resistant isolates for the agent being evaluated. Standard testing guidelines recently have been proposed for antifungal...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
Posaconazole is a new investigational triazole with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of posaconazole were compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against 3,685...
Pfaller, M. A., Lockhart, S. R., Pujol, C., Swails-Wenger, J. A., Messer, S. A., Edmond, M. B., ...
In a survey of bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates across the continental United States, 162 Candida albicans isolates were fingerprinted with the species-specific probe Ca3 and the patterns were...
Pfaller, M. A., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V., Sader, H. S., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., ...
An international program of surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in the United States, Canada, and South America between January and December 1997 detected 306 episodes of candidemia in 34...
Jessup, C. J., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Zhang, J., Tumberland, M., Mbidde, E. K., ...
We compared the yeast nitrogen base (YNB) broth microdilution method with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A microdilution reference method for measuring the in...
Chen, Yao-Shen, Marshall, S. A., Winokur, P. L., Coffman, S. L., Wilke, W. W., Murray, P. R., ...
Modified MicroScan gram-positive MIC no. 8 panels (PM-8) were analyzed for their improved ability to detect vancomycin resistance (VR) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci....
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Karlsson, Å., Bolmström, A.
The performance of the Etest for fluconazole susceptibility testing of 402 yeast isolates was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) microdilution broth...
Pfaller, M. A., Arikan, S., Lozano-Chiu, M., Coffman, S., Messer, S. A., ...
A method using a commercially prepared colorimetric microdilution panel (ASTY; Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was compared in four different laboratories with the National Committee for...
Odds, F. C., Van Gerven, F., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M. S., Ghannoum, M. A., Lancaster, M. V., ...
Nine isolates of filamentous fungi previously tested in 11 different laboratories for their susceptibilities to amphotericin B and itraconazole in vitro were injected intravenously into mice and...
Marco, F., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S., Jones, R. N.
Voriconazole (formerly UK-109,496) is a new monotriazole antifungal agent which has potent activity against Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species. We investigated the in vitro activity of...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Doern, G. V., Brandt, M. E., ...
BMS-207147, Sch 56592, and voriconazole are three new investigational triazoles with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of these three agents were compared with those of...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Jones, R. N., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J.
From 1 January 1997 through 31 December 2000, 2,047 bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Candida spp. were reported from hospitals in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe...
Richter, S. S., Beekmann, S. E., Croco, J. L., Diekema, D. J., Koontz, F. P., Pfaller, M. A., ...
An algorithm was implemented in the clinical microbiology laboratory to assess the clinical significance of organisms that are often considered contaminants (coagulase-negative staphylococci, aerobic...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
Posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole are new triazole derivatives that possess potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. We evaluated the in vitro activity of these investigational...
Barry, A. L., Pfaller, M. A., Rennie, R. P., Fuchs, P. C., Brown, S. D.
Interpretive agreements among the results of fluconazole broth microdilution tests, Etests, and disk diffusion tests were documented by evaluating 495 Candida spp. Microdilution reference test...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Diekema, D. J.
The in vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole were compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC), itraconazole, and fluconazole against 6,970 isolates of Candida spp. obtained...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Huynh, H., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
We determined the in vitro activity of flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine [5FC]) against 8,803 clinical isolates of Candida spp. (18 species) obtained from more than 200 medical centers worldwide between...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Huynh, H., Hollis, R. J.
A commercially prepared frozen broth microdilution panel (Trek Diagnostic Systems, Westlake, Ohio) was compared with a reference microdilution panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of two...
Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Brueggemann, A. B., Coffman, S. L., Doern, G. V., Herwaldt, L. A., ...
Bloodstream infections due to Candida species cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surveillance for candidemia is necessary to detect trends in species distribution and antifungal resistance....
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp. The in vitro activities of caspofungin against 3,959 isolates of Candida spp....
Maxwell, M. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A.
The performance of the Etest for voriconazole and amphotericin B susceptibility testing of 162 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans was assessed against the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory...
Yamazumi, T., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Houston, A. K., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., ...
Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans expressing heteroresistance to fluconazole have been described previously. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of heteroresistance among...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N.
We determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 314 strains of Candida spp., representing 13 species rarely isolated from blood, to posaconazole and voriconazole as well as four licensed systemic...
Pfaller, J. B., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A.
The performance of the Etest for voriconazole and for itraconazole susceptibility testing of 376 isolates of Aspergillus spp. was assessed in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical...
Maxwell, M. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J., ...
The performance of Etest in fluconazole and voriconazole testing of 279 isolates of uncommon Candida spp. was assessed in comparison with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J.
The ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Susceptibility Program (ARTEMIS Program) was initiated in 2001 to provide focused surveillance of the activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against Candida spp....
Jones, R. N., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Biedenbach, D. J., Deshpande, L. M., ...
Strains of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) have emerged worldwide. Concomitant ciprofloxacin resistance with ESBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates would...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
We examined the susceptibilities to fluconazole of 559 bloodstream infection isolates of Candida glabrata and grouped the isolates by patient age and geographic location within the United States....
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J.
The performances of the Etest and the disk diffusion methods for testing of the susceptibilities of 235 Candida glabrata isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole were compared with that of the...
Rex, J H, Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L, Nelson, P W, Webb, C D
The antifungal susceptibilities of 232 pathogenic blood stream Candida isolates collected during a recently completed trial comparing fluconazole (400 mg/day) with amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg of body...
Anaissie, E J, Paetznick, V L, Ensign, L G, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Galgiani, J N, Hitchcock, C A, ...
The growth patterns observed in the trailing wells when fluconazole is being tested may give rise to readings that suggest resistance or increased MICs for known susceptible strains. We conducted a...
Garrison, M W, Anderson, D E, Campbell, D M, Carroll, K C, Malone, C L, Anderson, J D, ...
Emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a nosocomial pathogen is becoming increasingly apparent. Pleiotropic resistance characterizes S. maltophilia. Furthermore, a slow growth rate and an...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S, Jones, R N
Sch 56592 is a new triazole agent with potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of Sch 56592, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine (5-FC) against 404...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Coffman, S
LY303366 is a new semisynthetic echinocandin derivative with potent, broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. We investigated the in vitro activity of LY303366, amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC),...
Klepser, M E, Wolfe, E J, Jones, R N, Nightingale, C H, Pfaller, M A
Time-kill curves were determined for three isolates of Candida albicans tested against fluconazole and amphotericin B at multiples of the MIC. Fluconazole produced fungistatic activity, with...
Collaborative investigation of variables in susceptibility testing of yeasts.
Pfaller, M A, Rinaldi, M G, Galgiani, J N, Bartlett, M S, Body, B A, Espinel-Ingroff, A, ...
A multicenter study was performed to evaluate the effect of medium, incubation time (24 and 48 h), and temperature (30 and 35 degrees C) on intra- and interlaboratory variations in MICs of...
Effect of serum on the in vitro activities of 11 broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Perl, T M, Pfaller, M A, Houston, A, Wenzel, R P
We evaluated the effect of serum on the in vitro activities of 11 antimicrobial agents against gram-negative isolates obtained from 100 patients with nosocomial bacteremia. The test organisms...
Multicenter in vitro evaluation of SM-7338, a new carbapenem.
Jones, R N, Aldridge, K E, Allen, S D, Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C, Gerlach, E H, ...
A new carbapenem, SM-7338, was compared with imipenem, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime at five medical centers. Nearly 6,000 strains were tested by reference methods of the National Committee for...
Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Pfaller, M. A.
We examined the in vitro activity of caspofungin, posaconazole, voriconazole, ravuconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against 448 recent clinical mold isolates. The endpoint for reading...
Fitch, C D, Chevli, R, Banyal, H S, Phillips, G, Pfaller, M A, Krogstad, D J
Ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and a chloroquine-FP complex lysed isolated Plasmodium falciparum parasites as judged by decreases in the turbidity of parasite suspensions and by ultrastructural changes....
In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpiramide.
Pfaller, M A, Niles, A C, Murray, P R
A microbroth dilution method was used to measure the MICs of cefpiramide (SM 1652), cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, and mezlocillin against 921 isolates...
Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C, Pfaller, M A
In in vitro studies we evaluated the susceptibilities of beta-lactamase-producing and -nonproducing, ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae and compared them with those of...
Multicenter evaluation of a broth macrodilution antifungal susceptibility test for yeasts.
Fromtling, R A, Galgiani, J N, Pfaller, M A, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Bartizal, K F, Bartlett, M S, ...
Thirteen laboratories collaborated to optimize interlaboratory agreement of results of a broth macrodilution procedure for testing three classes of antifungal drugs against pathogenic yeasts. The...
Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C
Ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of Ro 41-3399, was tested against 391 gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates. Ro 40-6890 was active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae,...
Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C, Gerlach, E H, Hardy, D J, McLaughlin, J C, Pfaller, M A
A five-laboratory coordinated study was undertaken to determine whether ticarcillin and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid disk susceptibility tests could accurately detect resistance among enteric bacilli....
Standardized susceptibility testing of fluconazole: an international collaborative study.
Pfaller, M A, Dupont, B, Kobayashi, G S, Müller, J, Rinaldi, M G, Espinel-Ingroff, A, ...
An international collaborative study of broth dilution (MIC) and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted by using a chemically defined medium (High-Resolution Antifungal...
Voss, A, Pfaller, M A, Hollis, R J, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Doebbeling, B N
An apparent outbreak of serious Candida albicans infections (n = 6) occurred in a surgical intensive care unit over a 4-week period. Four patients developed C. albicans bloodstream infections. An...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Coffmann, S
A study to compare three different methods for reading MIC endpoints tested by the broth microdilution modification of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (Villanova, Pa.)...
Pfaller, M A, Bale, M, Buschelman, B, Lancaster, M, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Rex, J H, ...
Amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine (5FC) were tested in a multilaboratory study to establish quality control (QC) guidelines for yeast antifungal susceptibility testing. Ten candidate QC...
Comparison of four DNA-based methods for strain delineation of Candida lusitaniae.
King, D, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Pfaller, M A, Moser, S A, Merz, W G
Four methods for the accurate delineation of epidemiologically related and unrelated strains of Candida lusitaniae were compared. Three pulsed-field electrophoretic methods, including two...
Swenson, J M, Clark, N C, Sahm, D F, Ferraro, M J, Doern, G, Hindler, J, ...
Studies were conducted to validate the use of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 (which is vancomycin resistant and resistant to high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin) and E. faecalis ATCC 29212...
Pfaller, M A, Houston, A, Coffmann, S
CHROMagar Candida is a new differential culture medium that allows selective isolation of yeasts and simultaneously identifies colonies of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. We evaluated...
Comparison of three methods for recovery of yeasts from hands of health-care workers.
Strausbaugh, L J, Sewell, D L, Tjoelker, R C, Heitzman, T, Webster, T, Ward, T T, ...
This study compared three methods for the detection of yeasts on the hands of 30 nurses: (i) direct finger impressions on inhibitory mold agar plates, (ii) bag washes in brain heart infusion broth,...
Rex, J H, Pfaller, M A, Lancaster, M, Odds, F C, Bolmström, A, Rinaldi, M G
Ketoconazole and itraconazole were tested in a multilaboratory study to establish quality control (QC) guidelines for yeast antifungal susceptibility testing. Two isolates that had been previously...
Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Bolmström, A, Odds, F C, Rex, J H
A multicenter study was performed to establish the interlaboratory reproducibility of Etest, to provide an additional comparison of Etest MICs with reference broth macrodilution MICs, and to develop...
Strain variation among and antifungal susceptibilities of isolates of Candida krusei.
Berrouane, Y F, Hollis, R J, Pfaller, M A
Candida krusei is an emerging pathogen that is well known for its propensity to develop resistance to fluconazole and other azoles. Despite the potential clinical significance of C. krusei, little is...
In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates.
Zerva, L, Hollis, R J, Pfaller, M A
Saccharomyces spp. are widely distributed in nature and may colonize the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates have been previously considered nonpathogenic,...
Espinel-Ingroff, A, Bartlett, M, Bowden, R, Chin, N X, Cooper, C, Fothergill, A, ...
A multicenter study was conducted to expand the generation and analysis of data that supports the proposal of a reference method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Broth...
Lozano-Chiu, M, Nelson, P W, Lancaster, M, Pfaller, M A, Rex, J H
We have previously shown that use of antibiotic medium 3 in the microdilution variant of the M27-T test method permits detection of amphotericin B-resistant Candida isolates. As this medium is not...
Redding, S W, Pfaller, M A, Messer, S A, Smith, J A, Prows, J, Bradley, L L, ...
Five Candida albicans colonies from each infection in AIDS patients receiving fluconazole therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis over a 2-year period were evaluated by antifungal susceptibility...
Fuchs, P C, Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A, Allen, S D, Gerlach, E H
The in vitro activities of three new quinolones (sparfloxacin, CI-960, and PD 131,628) were compared with that of ciprofloxacin against 5,252 routine clinical aerobic and facultatively anaerobic...
Washington, J A, Jones, R N, Allen, S D, Gerlach, E H, Koontz, F P, Murray, P R, ...
The activity of GR69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of...
Exophiala oligosperma Causing Olecranon Bursitis
Bossler, A. D., Richter, S. S., Chavez, A. J., Vogelgesang, S. A., Sutton, D. A., Grooters, A. M., ...
A 62-year-old male with a history of Wegener's granulomatosis and immunosuppressive therapy presented with chronic olecranon bursitis. A black velvety mould with brown septate hyphae and tapered...
Pfaller, M A, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Redding, S W, Smith, J, Farinacci, G, Fothergill, A W, ...
DNA subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and in vitro susceptibility testing were used to study strain variation and fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from patients with...
Genotypic variation and slime production among blood and catheter isolates of Candida parapsilosis.
Branchini, M L, Pfaller, M A, Rhine-Chalberg, J, Frempong, T, Isenberg, H D
Candida parapsilosis is an important nosocomial pathogen that can proliferate in high concentrations of glucose and form biofilms on prosthetic materials. We investigated the genotypic diversity and...
Pfaller, M A, Grant, C, Morthland, V, Rhine-Chalberg, J
A comparative evaluation of methods for broth macro- and microdilution susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted with 119 clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Macro- and microdilution...
Pfaller, M A, Vu, Q, Lancaster, M, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Fothergill, A, Grant, C, ...
MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined independently for 100 coded yeast isolates by each of six laboratories to determine reproducibility of results by using a colorimetric...
Pfaller, M A, Bale, M, Buschelman, B, Lancaster, M, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Rex, J H, ...
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards has developed a proposed standard method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates (National Committee for Clinical...
Development of a standardized screening method for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Swenson, J M, Clark, N C, Ferraro, M J, Sahm, D F, Doern, G, Pfaller, M A, ...
The incidence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci is increasing in the United States and elsewhere in the world, but automated susceptibility testing methods have difficulty detecting...
A comparative evaluation of two broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of 600 clinical yeast isolates (Candida spp., Torulopsis glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans)...
Sewell, D L, Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L
A comparison of the E test, the broth microdilution test, and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for fluconazole...
High frequency of yeast carriage on hands of hospital personnel.
Strausbaugh, L J, Sewell, D L, Ward, T T, Pfaller, M A, Heitzman, T, Tjoelker, R
The hands of 36 nurses and 21 nonnursing hospital employees were tested by culture with a modification of the broth wash technique. Seventy-five percent of the nurses and 81% of the nonnurses were...
Evaluation and characterization of multiresistant Enterococcus faecium from 12 U.S. medical centers.
Sader, H S, Pfaller, M A, Tenover, F C, Hollis, R J, Jones, R N
Forty-two Enterococcus faecium isolates resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin (VanA phenotype) from 12 U.S. medical centers were analyzed by...
Levofloxacin disk potency and tentative interpretive criteria for susceptibility tests.
Pfaller, M A, Barry, A L, Fuchs, P C
Levofloxacin disk susceptibility test criteria were evaluated by testing 350 bacterial isolates. Either 5- or 10-micrograms disks could be used satisfactorily. A 5-micrograms levofloxacin disk with...
Ramoplanin susceptibility testing criteria.
Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A, Fuchs, P C
Ramoplanin and mupirocin are two antimicrobial agents that may be applied topically. They had similar potencies against susceptible gram-positive cocci, but they differed in their spectra of...
Tentative interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of sparfloxacin.
Fuchs, P C, Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A
Susceptibility to sparfloxacin was tested simultaneously by the agar dilution and disk diffusion methods. For tests with 5-micrograms sparfloxacin disks, we propose that the breakpoints for the...
Sewell, D L, Rashad, A L, Rourke, W J, Poor, S L, McCarthy, J A, Pfaller, M A
The performance of the Septi-Chek AFB system was compared with that of the BACTEC radiometric system and that of Lowenstein-Jensen agar slants (LJ) for detection of mycobacteria in clinical...
Multicenter evaluation of four methods of yeast inoculum preparation.
Pfaller, M A, Burmeister, L, Bartlett, M S, Rinaldi, M G
We initiated a comparative study of four methods of yeast inoculum preparation: a spectrophotometric method, the Wickerham card method, a hemacytometer method, and the Prompt inoculation system. The...
Pfaller, M A, Preston, T, Bale, M, Koontz, F P, Body, B A
The Quantum II Yeast Identification System (Abbott Laboratories) is a microprocessor-based spectrophotometric system for identification of clinical yeast isolates within 24 h. We compared the Quantum...
Investigation of the sequence of colonization and candidemia in nonneutropenic patients.
Voss, A, Hollis, R J, Pfaller, M A, Wenzel, R P, Doebbeling, B N
Among neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies, candidemia has been shown to arise typically from autoinfection after colonization. In patients without neutropenia, we examined the...
Pfaller, M A, Barrett, M, Koontz, F P, Wenzel, R P, Cunningham, M D, Rollins, N, ...
A direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody test (DFA; Genetic Systems Corp., Seattle, Wash.) was evaluated for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 178 blood culture broths obtained from 128...
Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus causing colonization and bloodstream infection.
Veach, L A, Pfaller, M A, Barrett, M, Koontz, F P, Wenzel, R P
The increase in the incidence of infections due to beta-lactam-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci has resulted in expanded use of vancomycin for such infections. Despite this,...
Reagan, D R, Pfaller, M A, Hollis, R J, Wenzel, R P
The objective of this hospital-based study was to determine the relationship between colonizing and infecting strains of Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata. Surveillance cultures from high-risk...
Pfaller, M A, Bale, M J, Schulte, K R, Koontz, F P
The Quantum II Bacterial Identification System (BID; Abbott Laboratories) is a microprocessor-based spectrophotometric system for identification within 4 to 5 h of both enteric and nonenteric...
Jones, R N, Gerlach, E H, Koontz, F P, Murray, P R, Pfaller, M A, Washington, J A, ...
Cefotetan was tested in a multilaboratory study to standardize susceptibility testing criteria and quality control guidelines for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Cefotetan was most active against...
Pfaller, M A, Sahm, D, O'Hara, C, Ciaglia, C, Yu, M, Yamane, N, ...
The autoSCAN-W/A (W/A; Baxter MicroScan, West Sacramento, Calif.) with the new fluorometric Rapid Neg Combo 1 (RNC) panel is a fully automated fluorometric system for identification of both enteric...
Candida zeylanoides: another opportunistic yeast.
Levenson, D, Pfaller, M A, Smith, M A, Hollis, R, Gerarden, T, Tucci, C B, ...
A patient with a long history of scleroderma and gastrointestinal malabsorption requiring total parenteral nutrition was admitted with Candida zeylanoides fungemia. The yeast responded to therapy,...
Collaborative comparison of broth macrodilution and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests.
Espinel-Ingroff, A, Kish, C W, Kerkering, T M, Fromtling, R A, Bartizal, K, Galgiani, J N, ...
A collaborative comparison of macro- and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests was performed in five laboratories. MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, and ketoconazole were...
Clinical laboratory evaluation of a urine screening device.
Pfaller, M A, Baum, C A, Niles, A C, Murray, P R
A study was conducted to compare the Bac-T-Screen Bacterial Detection Device for Urines (BDD; Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.) with urine Gram stain as a screen for bacteriuria. We analyzed 631...
Pfaller, M A, Krogstad, D J, Granich, G G, Murray, P R
We compared the precision and accuracy of five methods used to measure the concentration of vancomycin in serum: bioassay, high-pressure liquid chromatography, fluorescence polarization immunoassay...
Two rapid urine screening tests, the Chemstrip LN (BioDynamics, Indianapolis, Ind.) and the Bac-T-Screen urine screening device (Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.), were evaluated as...
Laboratory evaluation of leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests for the detection of bacteriuria.
We compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the 1-min leukocyte esterase test and the test for urinary nitrite alone and in combination as screening tests for bacteriuria in...
Restriction fragment analysis of a Candida tropicalis outbreak of sternal wound infections.
Doebbeling, B N, Hollis, R J, Isenberg, H D, Wenzel, R P, Pfaller, M A
An apparent single-source outbreak of Candida tropicalis sternal wound infections in eight patients was investigated by utilizing DNA restriction fragment analysis (RFA) with HindIII and BstNI. All...
Clinical laboratory comparison of a slide blood culture system with a conventional broth system.
Pfaller, M A, Sibley, T K, Westfall, L M, Hoppe-Bauer, J E, Keating, M A, Murray, P R
The recovery of bacteria and fungi from blood cultures was compared in conventional tryptic soy broth (TSB) bottles and in TSB bottles with an agarcoated slide attachment. A total of 2,662 sets of...
Pfaller, M A, Westfall, L M, Niles, A C, Kinroth, A, Murray, P R
The performance of tryptic soy broth (TSB) was compared with TSB supplemented with 10% sucrose (TSB-S) in the Septi-Chek blood culture system (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.). A total...
Value of routine aerobic subculturing of unvented blood culture bottles.
Pfaller, M A, Westfall, L M, Murray, P R
The value of performing routine aerobic subcultures of both vented and unvented blood culture bottles has not been evaluated critically. We studied 4,954 pairs of blood culture bottles consisting of...
Barry, A L, Pfaller, M A, Fuchs, P C, Packer, R R
Clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis were gathered from 19 different clinical laboratories throughout the...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
We evaluated the NCCLS M44-P fluconazole disk diffusion method in comparison with the NCCLS M27-A2 broth microdilution method for determining the susceptibility of 276 isolates of Cryptococcus...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
The shelf life of Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and methylene blue (0.5 μg/ml) (MH-GMB) prepared in the laboratory to test disk diffusion of voriconazole and fluconazole was...
Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, are increasingly important causes of nosocomial infection. Microbiologists and clinicians no longer can afford to disregard...
Antifungal susceptibility testing.
Rex, J H, Pfaller, M A, Rinaldi, M G, Polak, A, Galgiani, J N
Unlike antibacterial susceptibility testing, reliable antifungal susceptibility testing is still largely in its infancy. Many methods have been described, but they produce widely discrepant results...
Pfaller, M. A., Sheehan, D. J., Rex, J. H.
In certain unique clinical settings, the ability of the antimicrobial agent administered to kill the pathogen outright may be quite important. These situations invariably involve infection of a site...
Pfaller, M. A., Barry, A., Bille, J., Brown, S., Ellis, D., Meis, J. F., ...
An international collaborative study was performed in order to propose quality control limits for voriconazole disk diffusion tests on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2% glucose and 0.5 μg of methylene...
Ghannoum, M. A., Chaturvedi, V., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M. G., Lee-Yang, W., ...
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi does not explicitly address the testing of...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
We examined the susceptibilities to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin of 601 invasive isolates of Candida glabrata and grouped the...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
Cross-resistance within a class of antimicrobial agents is a problem that is often encountered with antibacterial agents, and it is also an issue with antifungal agents. A current example is...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
The influence of test variables on in vitro susceptibility testing of caspofungin was examined with 694 isolates of Candida albicans including seven laboratory-derived glucan synthesis mutants. The...
Pfaller, M. A., Hazen, K. C., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
The accuracy of antifungal susceptibility tests is important for accurate resistance surveillance and for the clinical management of patients with serious infections. Our main objective was to...
Pfaller, M. A., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Jones, R. N.
A commercially prepared dried colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne, TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, Ohio) was compared in three different laboratories with the National Committee...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
The performance of the Etest using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with glucose (2%) and methylene blue (0.5 μg/ml) (MH-GMB) for amphotericin B susceptibility testing of 4,936 isolates of Candida...
Activities of Available and Investigational Antifungal Agents against Rhodotorula Species
Diekema, D. J., Petroelje, B., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Pfaller, M. A
Rhodotorula species are emerging pathogens in immunocompromised patients. We report the in vitro activities of eight antifungals against 64 Rhodotorula isolates collected in surveillance programs...
Global Trends in the Antifungal Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans (1990 to 2004)
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
The antifungal susceptibilities of 1,811 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans obtained from 100 laboratories in 5 geographic regions worldwide between 1990 and 2004 were determined. The MICs...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Barchiesi, F., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L., ...
The aim of this study was to compare MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole obtained by the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and CLSI...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
The in vitro activity of itraconazole was determined against 7,299 isolates of Candida spp., 1,615 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, and 445 isolates of Aspergillus spp. obtained from over 200...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Barchiesi, F., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Fothergill, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rinaldi, M., ...
A multicenter (six-center) study evaluated the performance (interlaboratory reproducibility, compatibility with reference methods, and categorical agreement) of 24-h visual and 48-h...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
The accuracy of antifungal susceptibility testing is important for reliable resistance surveillance and for the clinical management of patients with serious infections. Our primary objective was to...
Effectiveness of Anidulafungin in Eradicating Candida Species in Invasive Candidiasis
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
In a phase 2 open-label, dose-ranging study in patients with candidemia, anidulafungin was effective in eradicating Candida albicans and other species of Candida. The anidulafungin MIC distribution...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
Anidulafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with potent activity against Candida spp. We assessed the in vitro activity of anidulafungin against 2,235 clinical isolates of Candida spp. using...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rinaldi, M. G., Barnes, R., Hu, B., Veselov, A. V., ...
Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 140,767 yeasts were collected from 127 participating investigators in 39 countries from June 1997 through December 2003. Data were collected on...
Messer, S. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Pfaller, M. A.
Micafungin is a new echinocandin exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against Candida spp. The activity of the echinocandins against Candida species known to express intrinsic or acquired resistance to...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rex, J. H., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Johnson, E. M., Andes, D., ...
Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between...
In Vitro Susceptibilities of Candida spp. to Caspofungin: Four Years of Global Surveillance
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
Caspofungin is being used increasingly as therapy for invasive candidiasis. Prospective sentinel surveillance for emergence of in vitro resistance to caspofungin among invasive Candida spp. isolates...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Colombo, A. L., Kibbler, C., Ng, K. P., Gibbs, D. L., ...
Candida rugosa is a fungus that appears to be emerging as a cause of infection in some geographic regions. We utilized the extensive database of the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program to...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Mendez, M., Kibbler, C., Erzsebet, P., ...
Although a rare cause of invasive candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii has been reported to exhibit decreased susceptibility to antifungal agents. Aside from case reports and small surveys, there is...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J.
Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent that has recently been approved for the prevention of invasive fungal infection and the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. Prospective sentinel...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Sheehan, D. J.
Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between...
Ghannoum, M. A., Arthington-Skaggs, B., Chaturvedi, V., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rennie, R., ...
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, or NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
Clinical laboratories frequently face the problem of delayed availability of commercially prepared approved reagents for performing susceptibility testing of new antimicrobials. Although this problem...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Procop, G. W., Rinaldi, M. G.
A fully automated commercial antifungal susceptibility test system (VITEK 2 yeast susceptibility test; bioMerieux, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) was compared in three different laboratories with Clinical and...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Gibbs, D. L., Newell, V. A., Meis, J. F., Gould, I. M., ...
Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results for 205,329 yeasts were collected from 134 study sites in 40 countries from June 1997 through December 2005. Data were collected for 147,776 yeast...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Arthington-Skaggs, B., Iqbal, N., Ellis, D., Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S., ...
The purpose of this study was to correlate inhibition zone diameters, in millimeters (agar diffusion disk method), with the broth dilution MICs or minimum effective concentrations (MECs) (CLSI M38-A...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Fothergill, A., Ghannoum, M., Manavathu, E., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The CLSI (formerly NCCLS) M38-A document for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not describe guidelines for echinocandins. A multicenter study (eight centers) evaluated...
Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J.
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a leading cause of mycosis-associated mortality in the United States. We examined data from the National Center for Health Statistics and reviewed recent literature in...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Procop, G. W., Rinaldi, M. G.
A fully automated commercial antifungal susceptibility test system (VITEK 2; bioMérieux, Inc., Hazelwood, MO) was compared in three different laboratories with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Kroeger, J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., ...
The echinocandins are being used increasingly as therapy for invasive candidiasis. Prospective sentinel surveillance for the emergence of in vitro resistance to the echinocandins among invasive...
In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Anidulafungin in a Neutropenic Murine Candidiasis Model▿
Andes, D., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Prince, R. A., Marchillo, K., Ashbeck, J., ...
Multiple in vivo studies have characterized the pharmacodynamics of drugs from the triazole and polyene antifungal drug classes. Fewer studies have investigated these pharmacodynamic relationships...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J.
There are currently no FDA-approved broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing products or interpretive breakpoints for susceptibility testing of the new triazole posaconazole. Fluconazole...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Gibbs, D. L., Newell, V. A., Nagy, E., Dobiasova, S., ...
Candida krusei is well known as a fungal pathogen for patients with hematologic malignancies and for transplant recipients. Using the ARTEMIS Antifungal Surveillance Program database, we describe...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Gibbs, D. L., Newell, V. A., Ng, K. P., Colombo, A., ...
We examined data from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program to describe geographic and temporal trends in the isolation of Candida parapsilosis from clinical specimens and the in vitro...
Pfaller, M. A., Chaturvedi, V., Diekema, D. J., Ghannoum, M. A., Holliday, N. M., Killian, S. B., ...
A commercially prepared, dried colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne Trek Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) was compared in three different laboratories with the Clinical and...
Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., ...
Few data exist to describe in vitro patterns of cross-resistance among large collections of clinical Aspergillus isolates, including those of species other than Aspergillus fumigatus. We examined 771...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Rex, J. H., Alexander, B. D., Andes, D., ...
The CLSI Antifungal Subcommittee followed the M23-A2 “blueprint” to develop interpretive MIC breakpoints for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against Candida species. MICs of ≤2...
Andes, D. R., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A., Marchillo, K., Bohrmueller, J.
Previous studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the concentration-associated pharmacodynamic indices, the maximum concentration of a drug in serum/MIC and 24-h area under the...
Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L. B., Hollis, R. J., Kroeger, J., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., ...
We performed 24- and 48-h MIC determinations and disk diffusion testing of fluconazole against more than 11,000 clinical isolates of Candida species. By using the reference MIC breakpoints, the...
Molecular approaches to diagnosing and managing infectious diseases: practicality and costs.
As molecular techniques for identifying and detecting microorganisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory have become routine, questions about the cost of these techniques and their contribution...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Gibbs, D. L., Newell, V. A., Bijie, H., Dzierzanowska, D., ...
Fluconazole in vitro susceptibility test results determined by the CLSI M44-A disk diffusion method for 11,240 isolates of noncandidal yeasts were collected from 134 study sites in 40 countries from...