Meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide linkage studies of schizophrenia (2009)
Ng, M Y M, Levinson, D F, Faraone, S V, Suarez, B K, DeLisi, L E, Arinami, T, ...
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Pulmonary distress following attempted suicidal hanging (2009)
Nair, S, Jacob, J, Aaron, S, Thomas, M, Joseph, M, Alexander, M
Comparisons of Methods of Estimating Milk and Fat Production in Dairy Cows (2008)
Production reeords of milk and fat constitute an important and necessary part of the program of herd improvement in dairy cows. In Illinois there are at present about 1,123,000 dairy cows of milking...
Physics Beyond the Standard Model: Supersymmetry (2008)
Nojiri, M. M., Plehn, T., Polesello, G., Alexander, M., Allanach, B. C., Barr, A. J., ...
This collection of studies on new physics at the LHC constitutes the report of the supersymmetry working group at the Workshop `Physics at TeV Colliders', Les Houches, France, 2007. They cover the...
Iodination of single-walled carbon nanotubes. (2007)
Coleman, K. S., Chakraborty, A. K., Bailey, S. R., Sloan, J., Alexander, M.
Iodinated single-walled carbon nanotubes, with iodine covalently bound to the nanotube surface, have been synthesized by oxidation of the carbon nanotubes followed by a modified Hunsdiecker reaction...
Reflecting on changes in operational training in UK hospitality management degree programmes (2007)
Purpose: The aim of this conceptual paper is to assess the continued relevance of operations based training within hospitality management higher education programmes. The paper explores the purpose...
Reflecting on changes in operational training in UK hospitality management degree programmes (2007)
Purpose: The aim of this conceptual paper is to assess the continued relevance of operations based training within hospitality management higher education programmes. The paper explores the purpose...
Reflecting on changes in operational training in UK hospitality management degree programmes (2007)
Purpose: The aim of this conceptual paper is to assess the continued relevance of operations based training within hospitality management higher education programmes. The paper explores the purpose...
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Hansen's disease (2006)
Jacob, J, Alexander, M, Aaron, S, Pulimood, S, Walter, N, Gnanamuthu, C
Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003 (2006)
T. R. Shirley, W. H. Brune, X. Ren, J. Mao, R. Lesher, B. Cardenas, ...
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) study in April 2003 had measurements of many atmospheric constituents, including OH and HO2. It provided the first opportunity to examine atmospheric...
Velasco, E., Lamb, B., Westberg, H., Allwine, E., Sosa, G., Arriaga-Colina, J. L., ...
A wide array of volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements was conducted in the Valley of Mexico during the MCMA-2002 and 2003 field campaigns. Study sites included locations in the urban core, in...
Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003 (2006)
Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., ...
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) study in April 2003 had measurements of many atmospheric constituents, including OH and HO2. It provided the first opportunity to examine atmospheric...
Velasco, E., Lamb, B., Westberg, H., Allwine, E., Sosa, G., Arriaga-Colina, J. L., ...
A wide array of volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements was conducted in the Valley of Mexico during the MCMA-2002 and 2003 field campaigns. Study sites included locations in the urban core, in...
Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003 (2006)
Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., ...
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) study in April 2003 had measurements of many atmospheric constituents, including OH and HO2. It provided the first opportunity to examine atmospheric...
AGRICULTURAL POISONS IN FOODSTUFFS CAN BE COMBATTED WITH MICROBES (2005)
Alexander, M., Roman, D. T., Ungar, J., Van Hemart, P. A., Berman, D. T., Mudd, Stuart, ...
The current large-scale poisoning nature by agriculture and forestry through chemical pesticides can probably be counteracted with microbes. Such preparations as DDT have entered foodstuffs along...
COMBUSTION STABILITY RATING TECHNIQUES. (2005)
Combs,L. P., Murphy,J. A., Lockwood,E. E., Hoehn,F. W., Alexander,M.
Work conducted on a study of liquid-propellant rocket combustion stability rating techniques is reported. Experimental tests were made for cold-flow characterization of three rating methods:...
RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR ALERTING DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENS. (2005)
Gould,J. R., Gilbert,R. A., Smith,J. E., Mitruka,B. M., Alexander,M.
The objective of this program is to study the feasibility of detecting and identifying pathogens by the use of gas chromatography in conjunction with ultrasensitive detectors. It was established that...
Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003 (2005)
Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., ...
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) study in April 2003 had measurements of most atmospheric constituents including OH and HO2. It provided a unique opportunity to examine atmospheric oxidation...
Atmospheric oxidation in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during April 2003 (2005)
Shirley, T. R., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Mao, J., Lesher, R., Cardenas, B., ...
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) study in April 2003 had measurements of most atmospheric constituents including OH and HO2. It provided a unique opportunity to examine atmospheric oxidation...
Recent experience with Rett syndrome at a tertiary care center (2004)
Kumar, Sudhir, Alexander, M, Gnanamuthu, C
Rett syndrome (RS), a neurological developmental disorder, is one of the commonest causes of cognitive impairment in girls and women. These patients are often initially misdiagnosed as idiopathic...
Heterogeneity in clinical presentation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (2004)
Kumar, Sudhir, Alexander, M., Gnanamuthu, C.
none
Recent experience with Rett syndrome at a tertiary care center (2004)
Kumar, Sudhir, Alexander, M, Gnanamuthu, C
Rett syndrome (RS), a neurological developmental disorder, is one of the commonest causes of cognitive impairment in girls and women. These patients are often initially misdiagnosed as idiopathic...
Heterogeneity in clinical presentation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (2004)
Kumar, Sudhir, Alexander, M., Gnanamuthu, C.
none
Case Report - Recent experience with Rett syndrome at a tertiary care center (2004)
Kumar, S., Alexander, M., Gnanamuthu, C.
Rett syndrome (RS), a neurological developmental disorder, is one of the commonest causes of cognitive impairment in girls and women. These patients are often initially misdiagnosed as idiopathic...
Kumar, S., Alexander, M., Gnanamuthu, C.
none
Wu, D., McLandress, C., Alexander, M.
Gravity wave activity in the stratosphere is inferred from high-horizontal-resolution temperature data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).
Chemical measures of bioavailability (2003)
Alexander, M., Cunningham, S.D., Chaney, R.R., Hughes, J.B., Harmsen, J.
Chemical measures of bioavailability (2003)
Alexander, M., Cunningham, S.D., Chaney, R.R., Hughes, J.B., Harmsen, J.
Detachment of alumina films from aluminium by 100 keV proton bombardment (2002)
Liu, Y, Alexander, M, Koroleva, E, Skeldon, P, Thompson, G E, Bailey, P, ...
rradiation of aluminium covered by anodic oxide films 3-14 nm thick using 100 keV H+ ions is shown to result in detachment of the oxide film. A dose of 6.6 × 1016 H+ ions cm-2 on a 6.5 nm thick film...
Damage of alumina films by medium energy hydrogen and helium ions (2002)
Bailey, P, Noakes, TCQ, Liu, Y, Alexander, M, Koroleva, E, Thompson, G E, ...
Following previous observations of detachment of amorphous, anodic alumina films from aluminium by 100 keV H+ ions, further experiments have been carried out using H+, D+, 3He+ and 4He+ ions, at...
Induction of Microbial Metabolism of Organophosphorus Compounds. (2002)
Alexander,M., Cook,A. M., Daughton,C. G.
Bacterial cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond was investigated. Bacteria were isolated that were capable of growing with one or more organophosphonates as sole sources of phosphorus. Cleavage of...
Microbial Degradation of Pesticides. (2002)
Fifty-two bacteria isolated from sewage, temperate soil, and various tropical soils were tested for their ability to attack 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Fourteen caused the disappearance of 35 to 100% of the...
Microbial Degradation of Pesticides. (2002)
Rosenberg, A., Lieberman, M. T., Alexander, M.
The toxicity and degradation of pesticides introduced into sanitary sewer facilities has yet to be extensively studied. For this reason, the effect and fate of eight pesticides were investigated...
Microbial Degradation of Pesticides (2002)
The pathway of degradation of one organophosphorus insecticide, Dichlorvos, was studied in detail. A microbial enrichment containing principally two pseudomonads and a bacillus, when incubated in a...
Mars Transportation Environment Definition Document (2001)
This document provides a compilation of environments knowledge about the planet Mars. Information is divided into three catagories: (1) interplanetary space environments (environments required by the...
Refugee status determination conducted by UNHCR (1999)
This article examines the practice of refugee status determination as conducted by UNHCR, looking particularly at UNHCR's practice in a number of Asian countries. Although the practice differs from...
RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR ALERTING, DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENES. (1998)
Gould,J. R., Reynolds,O. P., Smith,J. E., Mitruka,B. M., Alexander,M.
The objective of this program is to assess the possibility of rapidly detecting and identifying pathogens when present in small populations. Gas chromatography is the methodology used. A time course...
Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results (1997)
KAUFMANN, M, SCHWEINZER, J, ALBRECHT, M, ALEXANDER, M, Asmussen, Katrin, BECKER, G, ...
Transplantation for primary hyperoxaluria in the USA (1995)
Scheinman, J. I., Alexander, M., Campbell, E. D., Chan, J. C., Latta, K., Cochat, P.
US data were sought for transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria (PH). The USRDS recorded 194 patients since 1974. By lifetable analysis, survival was better for transplanted than for...
Bronchoscopic diagnosis of an unusual presentation of pulmonary actinomycosis (1993)
Gilbert, L, Tempels, D, Alexander, M, Dab, I
Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Etterbeek-Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Electronic structure of undoped and doped fullerenes (1993)
Romberg, H., Sohmen, E., Merkel, M., Knupfer, M., Alexander, M., Golden, M.S., ...
Electronic structure studies of cuprate superconductors. (1993)
Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nakai, S., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Kwok, H.S. [Hrsg.]
Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Fink, J.
Studies of High Temperature Superconductors : Advances in Research and Applications
Electronic structure of undoped and doped fullerenes. (1993)
Romberg, H., Sohmen, E., Merkel, M., Knupfer, M., Alexander, M., Golden, M.S., ...
Proc.of the Internat.Conf.on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM '92), Goeteborg, S, August 12-18, 1992
Electonic structure studies of fullerites and fullerides. (1993)
Merkel, M., Sohmen, E., Masaki, A., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Knupfer, M., ...
Kuzmany, H. [Hrsg.]
Summary in English.
High-energy spectroscopy studies of high-T§c superconductors. (1992)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Knupfer, M., Merkel, M., ...
Proc.of the 3rd Internat.Conf.on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High-Temperature Superconductors (M2S-HTSC), Kanazawa, J, July 22 - 26, 1991 Part I
Mante, G., Schmalz, Th., Manzke, R., Skibowski, M., Alexander, M., Fink, J.
ECOSS-12 : Proc.of the 12th European Conf.on Surface Science, Stockholm, S, September 9-12, 1991 Part B
Knupfer, M., Alexander, M., Fink, J., Karpinski, J., Kaldis, E., Mangelschots, I.
Fruehjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkoerperphysik bei der DPG, gemeinsame Tagung mit der Oesterreichischen Physikalischen Gesellschaft -Fachausschuss Festkoerperphysik-, Nederlandse Natuurkundige...
Electronic structure of undoped and doped fullerenes. (1992)
Romberg, H., Sohmen, E., Merkel, M., Knupfer, M., Alexander, M., Golden, M.S., ...
Internat.Conf.on Synthetic Metals, Goeteborg, S, August 12-18, 1992
High-energy spectroscopy studies of high-T§c superconductors. (1992)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Adelmann, P., Claessen, R., ...
Esaki, L. [Hrsg.]
On the electronic structure of high-T§c superconductors. (1992)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Knupfer, M., Mante, J., ...
Gregoli, S. [Hrsg.]
KfK-5065 (August 92)
Electronic structure studies of undoped and doped fullerenes. (1992)
Fink, J., Sohmen, E., Merkel, M., Masaki, A., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., ...
Taliani, C. [Hrsg.]
Wissenschaftlicher Gastaufenthalt in der Präfektur Kanagawa/Japan. Hauptbericht (1991)
Als Teil der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der japanischen Präfektur Kanagawa und dem Land Baden-Württemberg war im Jahr 1990 ein Austausch von Wissenschaftlern vereinbart worden. Die Organisation dieses...
Electron energy-loss studies on n-type doped superconductors. (1991)
Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Nuecker, N., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Kuzmany, H. [Hrsg.]
Electron energy-loss studies on La§2§-§xSr§xCuO§4. (1991)
Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nuecker, N., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Kuzmany, H. [Hrsg.]
Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Nuecker, N., Adelmann, P., Fink, J., Markert, J.T., ...
Physical Review B, 43(1991) S.333-43
Electronic structure of high-T§c superconductors. (1991)
Nuecker, N., Fink, J., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Adelmann, P.
Vortr.: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., 18.Dezember 1990
Neuere Untersuchungen zur Elektronenstruktur von Hochtemperatursupraleitern mit EELS. (1991)
Knupfer, M., Nuecker, N., Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Ewert, D., Fink, J.
55.Physikertagung und Fruehjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkoerperphysik der DPG gemeinsam mit der Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging -Dynamik und Statistische Physik- und dem Fachbereich Physik...
Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Nuecker, N., Knupfer, M., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
55.Physikertagung und Fruehjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Festkoerperphysik der DPG gemeinsam mit der Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging -Dynamik und Statistische Physik- und dem Fachbereich Physik...
Electron enregy-loss studies on high-T§c superconductors. (1991)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Roth, G., Adelmann, P.
Kuzmany, H. [Hrsg.]
Electronic structure studies of high-T§c superconductors. (1991)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Adelmann, P., Mante, J., ...
Proc.of the Internat.Seminar on High Temperature Superconductivity, Dubna, SU, July 3-6, 1990
Evidence against hole formation by Ca in YBa§2Cu§4O§8. (1991)
Knupfer, M., Nuecker, N., Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Adelmann, P., Fink, J., ...
Physica C, 182(1991) S.62-66
Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Nuecker, N., Adelmann, P., Fink, J., Markert, J., ...
Fruehjahrstagung DPG, Festkoerperphysik, Duenne Schichten, Dynamik und Statistische Physik, Halbleiterphysik, Magnetismus, Metallphysik, Oberflaechenphysik, Tiefe Temperaturen, Vakuumtechnik,...
Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nuecker, N., Fink, J., Ewert, D., Adelmann, P.
Fruehjahrstagung DPG, Festkoerperphysik, Duenne Schichten, Dynamik und Statistische Physik, Halbleiterphysik, Magnetismus, Metallphysik, Oberflaechenphysik, Tiefe Temperaturen, Vakuumtechnik,...
Elektronen-Energieverlust-Spektroskopie an Hochtemperatursupraleitern. (1990)
Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Fruehjahrstagung DPG, Festkoerperphysik, Duenne Schichten, Dynamik und Statistische Physik, Halbleiterphysik, Magnetismus, Metallphysik, Oberflaechenphysik, Tiefe Temperaturen, Vakuumtechnik,...
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy on high-T§c superconductors. (1990)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Adelmann, P.
Symp.on Electron Structure of Solids, Gaussig, DDR, April 16-20, 1990
Density and symmetry of unoccupied electronic states of Tl§2Ba§2CaCu§2O§8. (1990)
Romberg, H., Nuecker, N., Alexander, M., Fink, J., Hahn, D., Zetterer, T., ...
Physical Review B, 41(1990) S.2609-11
Fink, J., Pflueger, J., Mueller-Heinzerling, Th., Nuecker, N., Scheerer, B., Romberg, H., ...
Bednorz, J.G. [Hrsg.]
Nakai, S., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Fink, J.
Physica Scripta, 41(1990) S.596-600
Evidence against hole filling by Pr in YBa§2Cu§3O§7. (1990)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Maple, M.B., Neumeier, J.J., ...
Physical Review B, 42(1990) S.4823-26
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Adelmann, P., Mante, J., ...
Proc.of the European Materials Research Society Meeting, Strasbourg, F, May 29-31, 1990
Electronic structure of the system La§2§-§xSr§xCuO§4§+§d§e§l§t§a. (1990)
Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nuecker, N., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Physical Review B, 42(1990) S.8768-71
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE STUDIES OF HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS BY HIGH-ENERGY SPECTROSCOPIES (1989)
Fink, J., Nucker, N., Romberg, H., Nakai, S., Alexander, M., Manzke, R., ...
Author Institution: Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, P. O. Box 3640, D-7500 Karlsruhe, FRG; $^{\ast}$ Institut f\""ur Experimentalphysik, Universit\""at Kiel
Electronic structure studies of high-T§c-Superconductors. (1989)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nakai, S., Manzke, R., ...
Kuzmany, H. [Hrsg.]
Electron energy-loss studies on high-temperature superconductors. (1989)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nakai, S., Scheerer, B., ...
Proc.of the Internat.Conf.on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High-Temperature Superconductors (M2S-HTSC), Stanford, Calif., July 23 - 28, 1989 Part II
Nakai, S., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Fink, J.
9th Internat.Conf.on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 17-21, 1989
Electronic structure studies of high-T§c superconductors by high energy spectroscopies. (1989)
Fink, J., Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Nakai, S., Alexander, M., Manzke, R., ...
Symp.on Spectroscopy of High-T§c Superconductors, Columbus, Ohio, June 12-16, 1989
Is Nd§2§-§xCe§xCuO§4 an electron-superconductor? (1989)
Nuecker, N., Adelmann, P., Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Nakai, S., Fink, J., ...
Zeitschrift fuer Physik B, 75(1989) S.421-22
Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Fink, J.
Vortr.: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill., 25.September 1989
Electronic structure studies of cuprate superconductors. (1989)
Nuecker, N., Romberg, H., Alexander, M., Nakai, S., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Annual Conf.on Superconductivity and Applications, Buffalo, N.Y., September 19-21, 1989
Nuecker, N., Alexander, M., Romberg, H., Adelmann, P., Fink, J.
Internat.Conf.on Modern Aspects of Superconductivity, Paris, F, November 23-24, 1989
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES : T1 LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (1985)
Onorato, P., Alexander, M., Struck, C., Tasker, G., Uhlmann, D.
Optical excitation spectra of Tl+ ions, corresponding to emission at 350 nm, have been measured in Na aluminosilicate glasses. The excitation spectra are shown to be superpositions of two primary...
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES : X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (1985)
Tasker, G., Uhlmann, D., Onorato, P., Alexander, M., Struck, C.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.P.S) of the oxygen O1S spectra has been measured in several series of sodium alumino silicate glasses. The spectra are interpreted in terms of 3 types of oxygen...
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES : T1 LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (1985)
Onorato, P., Alexander, M., Struck, C., Tasker, G., Uhlmann, D.
Optical excitation spectra of Tl+ ions, corresponding to emission at 350 nm, have been measured in Na aluminosilicate glasses. The excitation spectra are shown to be superpositions of two primary...
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES : X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (1985)
Tasker, G., Uhlmann, D., Onorato, P., Alexander, M., Struck, C.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.P.S) of the oxygen O1S spectra has been measured in several series of sodium alumino silicate glasses. The spectra are interpreted in terms of 3 types of oxygen...
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES : T1 LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (1985)
Onorato, P., Alexander, M., Struck, C., Tasker, G., Uhlmann, D.
Optical excitation spectra of Tl+ ions, corresponding to emission at 350 nm, have been measured in Na aluminosilicate glasses. The excitation spectra are shown to be superpositions of two primary...
STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES : X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (1985)
Tasker, G., Uhlmann, D., Onorato, P., Alexander, M., Struck, C.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.P.S) of the oxygen O1S spectra has been measured in several series of sodium alumino silicate glasses. The spectra are interpreted in terms of 3 types of oxygen...
Br{diaeresis}ckner, O., Trautmann, M., Kolodziejczyk, D., Alexander, M., Collmann, H.
After administration of 150mg netilmicin samples of CSF and blood were obtained. In one group of nine patients with no or only slight impairment of the blood–CSF–barrier 29 samples of CSF were...
Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Washington.
Ticklish sensation [music] : one or two-step or turkey trot / (1914)
5 (Publisher number). Cover title.; For keyboard.; Publishers' no.: 5; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an23206251; Library's copy cropped.
Nasrin, N, Ercolani, L, Denaro, M, Kong, X F, Kang, I, Alexander, M
Two independent cis-acting insulin response elements (IREs) in the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC...
Role of competition for inorganic nutrients in the biodegradation of mixtures of substrates.
A study was conducted to determine whether competition for inorganic nutrients affects the biodegradation of mixtures of substrates. Little benzylamine was mineralized by Pseudomonas putida in...
Coventry, M J, Gordon, J B, Alexander, M, Hickey, M W, Wan, J
Bacteriocins, including nisin, pediocin PO2, brevicin 286, and piscicolin 126, were extracted from fermentation media by adsorption onto Micro-Cel (a food-grade diatomite calcium silicate anticaking...
Microbial formation and degradation of dimethylamine.
Dimethylamine was formed from trimethylamine in soils of different pH values. The rate of disappearance of the secondary amine from soil was affected by pH and was markedly reduced under...
N-Nitrosamine formation by cultures of several microorganisms.
Of 38 pure cultures of microorganisms tested, only one, Pseudomonas stutzeri, was capable of forming dimethylnitrosamine from dimethylamine and nitrite during growth. Resting cells of P. stutzeri,...
Ring Hydroxylation of p-Chlorophenylacetate by an Arthrobacter Strain
Resting cell suspensions of a strain of Arthrobacter grown on phenylacetate converted p-chlorophenylacetate to two products. One of the products was identified as 4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenylacetate.
Microbial Transformations of Selenium
Resting cell suspensions of a strain of Corynebacterium isolated from soil formed dimethyl selenide from selenate, selenite, elemental selenium, selenomethionine, selenocystine, and...
Subba-Rao, R. V., Alexander, M.
Cultures of Pseudomonas putida growing in solutions with diphenylmethane as sole carbon source formed 1,1,1′,1′-tetraphenyldimethyl ether. The product was identified by gas chromatography, mass...
Resistance of Cysts of Amoebae to Microbial Decomposition
Cyst walls of Acanthamoeba rhysodes, A. palestinensis, A. castellanii, and one other strain of Acanthamoeba contain 36 to 45% protein and 20 to 34% carbohydrate. More than half of the protein in the...
Resistance of Rhizobium strains to phygon, spergon, and thiram.
Strains of Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium sp. nodulating cowpeas, and R. phaseoli derived from cultures susceptible to tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram), 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (phygon),...
Bacterial metabolism of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Of 10 quaternary ammonium compounds tested for biodegradation by the biological oxygen demand technique, only decyl- and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromides were decomposed by organisms derived from...
Relationship between Cell Surface Properties and Transport of Bacteria through Soil
Gannon, J. T., Manilal, V. B., Alexander, M.
A study was conducted to relate the properties of Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, and Arthrobacter strains to their transport with water moving through soil. The...
Effect of sodium chloride on transport of bacteria in a saturated aquifer material.
Gannon, J, Tan, Y H, Baveye, P, Alexander, M
Determinations were made of the influence of NaCl concentration, cell density, and flow velocity on the transport of Pseudomonas sp. strain KL2 through columns of aquifer sand under saturated...
Inoculum size as a factor limiting success of inoculation for biodegradation.
Ramadan, M A, El-Tayeb, O M, Alexander, M
A study was conducted to determine the role of inoculum size of a bacterium introduced into nonsterile lake water in the biodegradation of a synthetic chemical. The test species was a strain of...
Effect of growth rate and hydrophobicity on bacteria surviving protozoan grazing.
Measurements were made of the predation by Tetrahymena thermophila on several bacterial species in media containing heat-killed Escherichia coli cells to serve as an alternative prey. If grazing...
Evolution of Dimethylselenide from Soils
Francis, A. J., Duxbury, J. M., Alexander, M.
Alcohols, carbonyl compounds, and fatty acids were formed in two glucose-amended soils incubated under argon, but dimethylselenide was evolved under argon only from one, a selenium-rich clay, after...
Microbial Degradation of High-Molecular-Weight Alkanes
Measurements of biological O2 demand showed that normal alkanes containing up to 44 carbon atoms were metabolized by microorganisms.
Regulation of Predation by Prey Density: the Protozoan-Rhizobium Relationship
Danso, S. K. A., Alexander, M.
Tetramitus rostratus and strains of Hartmanella, Naegleria, and Vahlkampfia consumed large numbers of Rhizobium meliloti cells in a salt solution, but protozoan multiplication and the bacterial...
Microbial Degradation of Polyethylene Glycols
Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycols and polyethylene glycols (PEG) with molecular weight up to 20,000 were degraded by soil microorganisms. A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to use a...
Ortega-Calvo, J J, Alexander, M
The mineralization by an Arthrobacter sp. of naphthalene initially dissolved in di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exhibited a slow phase followed by a rapid phase. Triton X-100, which inhibited cell...
Rates of dissolution and biodegradation of water-insoluble organic compounds.
Thomas, J M, Yordy, J R, Amador, J A, Alexander, M
We conducted a study of the relationship between the dissolution rates of organic compounds that are sparingly soluble in water and the biodegradation of these compounds by mixed cultures of...
Role of dissolution rate and solubility in biodegradation of aromatic compounds.
Strains of Moraxella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Flavobacterium sp. able to grow on biphenyl were isolated from sewage. The bacteria produced 2.3 to 4.5 g of protein per mol of biphenyl carbon, and...
Wiggins, B A, Jones, S H, Alexander, M
A study was conducted of possible reasons for acclimation of microbial communities to the mineralization of organic compounds in lake water and sewage. The acclimation period for the mineralization...
Kinetics of p-nitrophenol mineralization by a Pseudomonas sp.: effects of second substrates.
Schmidt, S K, Scow, K M, Alexander, M
The kinetics of simultaneous mineralization of p-nitrophenol (PNP) and glucose by Pseudomonas sp. were evaluated by nonlinear regression analysis. Pseudomonas sp. did not mineralize PNP at a...
A study was conducted to determine the role of concentration of the test chemical, of a second organic compound, and of mutation in the acclimation period before the mineralization of organic...
Role of sublethal injury in decline of bacterial populations in lake water.
Following their addition to lake water, the populations of Escherichia coli and of antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Micrococcus flavus, Rhizobium...
The addition of phosphate, nitrate, or sulfate (each at 10 mM) decreased the acclimation period for the mineralization of low concentrations of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in lake water. Added phosphate...
Phosphonate utilization by bacteria.
Cook, A M, Daughton, C G, Alexander, M
Bacteria able to use at least one of 13 ionic alkylphosphonates of O-alkyl or O,O-dialkyl alkylphosphonates as phosphorus sources were isolated from sewage and soil. Four of these isolates used...
Bacteriophage 80 alpha did not increase in number in cultures containing less than about 1.0 X 10(4) to 1.5 X 10(4) CFU of Staphylococcus aureus per ml, but bacteriophage replication did occur when...
Cometabolism of low concentrations of propachlor, alachlor, and cycloate in sewage and lake water.
Low concentrations of propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) and alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] were not mineralized, cycloate...
Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas sp. strain ANL but not Salmonella typhimurium grew in an inorganic salts solution. The growth of P. acidovorans in this solution was not enhanced by the...
Models for the kinetics of biodegradation of organic compounds not supporting growth.
Schmidt, S K, Simkins, S, Alexander, M
We developed 12 models of kinetics to describe the metabolism of organic substrates that are not supporting bacterial growth. These models can be used to describe the biodegradation of organic...
Effect of bacterial density and substrate concentration on yield coefficients.
Measurements were made of the yield coefficient during the aerobic metabolism of glucose by a heterogeneous bacterial mixture. Expressed in terms of carbon, the coefficient was approximately 0.48....
Anomalies in mineralization of low concentrations of organic compounds in lake water and sewage.
Hoover, D G, Borgonovi, G E, Jones, S H, Alexander, M
The rates of mineralization of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), p-nitrophenol, aniline, and isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) at one or more concentrations ranging...
Kinetics of mineralization of phenols in lake water.
The kinetics of mineralization of phenol and p-nitrophenol in lake water was determined at concentrations from 200 pg/ml to 5 micrograms/ml. The mineralization data were fit by nonlinear regression...
Kinetics of mineralization of organic compounds at low concentrations in soil.
Scow, K M, Simkins, S, Alexander, M
The kinetics of mineralization of 14C-labeled phenol and aniline were measured at initial concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 5,000 ng and 0.30 ng to 500 micrograms/g of soil, respectively....
Simkins, S, Mukherjee, R, Alexander, M
The patterns of microbial mineralization of 0.3 to 30 ng of glucose, benzoate, and phenol per ml of sewage collected in late fall and winter were analyzed with the integrated Monod equation and a...
Alternative prey: a mechanism for elimination of bacterial species by protozoa.
Mallory, L M, Yuk, C S, Liang, L N, Alexander, M
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae died readily after their addition to raw sewage, but they grew in sterilized sewage. The decline was not a result of...
The rates of mineralization of [14C]benzoate by an induced population of Pseudomonas sp. were measured at initial substrate concentrations ranging from 10 ng/ml to 100 micrograms/ml. Plots of the...
Role of resistance to starvation in bacterial survival in sewage and lake water.
A study was conducted to determine the significance of starvation resistance to the ability of a species to survive in sewage and lake water. Tests were conducted for periods of up to 14 days....
Bacterial and spontaneous dehalogenation of organic compounds.
Only 3 of more than 500 soil enrichments contained organisms able to use 1,9-dichlorononane as a sole carbon source. One isolate, a strain of Pseudomonas, grew on the compound and released much of...
Effects of low concentrations of bisulfite-sulfite and nitrite on microorganisms.
Wodzinski, R S, Labeda, D P, Alexander, M
A wide range of microorganisms was tested to determine their sensitivity to low concentrations of bisulfite-sulfite and nitrite, solubility products of SO2 and NO2, respectively. Photosynthesis by...
Bacterial dehalogenation of halogenated alkanes and fatty acids.
Sewage samples dehalogenated 1,9-dichloronane, 1-chloroheptane, and 6-bromohexanoate, but an organism able to use 1,9-dichlorononane as the sole carbon source could not be isolated from these...
Cook, A M, Daughton, C G, Alexander, M
Bacteria were isolated that could utilize representatives of the following ionic phosphorus-containing breakdown products of organophosphorus pesticides as sole phosphorus sources: dialkyl...
Daughton, C G, Cook, A M, Alexander, M
Soils that had a high binding capacity for inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) had reduced capacities to bind ionic alkyl phosphorus compounds. Only ionic methylphosphonate (MPn) and ionic...
Utilization of chlorobenzoates by microbial populations in sewage.
DiGeronimo, M J, Nikaido, M, Alexander, M
Microorganisms in sewage decomposed 3.4-dichlorobenzoate and m-, p-, and o-chlorobenzoates. As the substrate disappeared, populations capable of growing on these compounds proliferated. Neither...
Microbial cleavage of various organophosphorus insecticides.
Bacteria able to utilize Aspon, Azodrin, Dasanit, diazinon, malathion, Orthene, parathion, Trithion, dimethoate, Dylox, methyl parathion, and Vapona as sole phosphorus sources were isolated from soil...
Microbial metabolism of carbon monoxide in culture and in soil.
Bartholomew, G W, Alexander, M
Nocardia salmonicolor readily oxidized CO to CO2. Slight activity was found among species of Actinoplanes, Agromyces, Microbispora, Mycobacterium, and other nocardias, and no oxidation was detected...
Effect of SO2 and bisulfite on heterotrophic activity in an acid soil.
Grant, I F, Bancroft, K, Alexander, M
Glucose oxidation was inhibited in a forest soil (pH 4.01) previously exposed by 1.0 microliter of SO2 per liter, the extent of inhibition and the decline in pH being directly related to the length...
Microbial formation of secondary and tertiary amines in municipal sewage.
Dimethylamine was formed in municipal sewage that was amended with creatinine, and trimethylamine was formed from choline or phosphatidylcholine. The maximum level of product that accumulated was...
Heterotrophic Nitrification by Arthrobacter sp
Arthrobacter sp. isolated from sewage oxidized ammonium to hydroxylamine, a bound hydroxylamine compound, a hydroxamic acid, a substance presumed to be a primary nitro compound, nitrite, and nitrate....
Mechanism of Nitrification by Arthrobacter sp
Resting cells of Arthrobacter sp. excrete as much as 60 μg of hydroxylamine-nitrogen per ml when supplied with ammonium. An organic carbon source in abundant supply is necessary for the oxidation....
Formation of Nitrate from 3-Nitropropionate by Aspergillus flavus
Molina, J. A. E., Alexander, M.
Extracts of the hyphae of a nitrifying strain of Aspergillus flavus formed nitrite and nitrate from 3-nitropropionate. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide adenine...
Formation of Tumor-Like Structures on Legume Roots by Rhizobium
MacGregor, A. N., Alexander, M.
Tumor-like structures appeared on the roots of Medicago sativa, Alysicarpus vaginalis, and Trifolium pratense inoculated with a non-nodulating strain of Rhizobium trifolii or with irradiated cultures...
Resistance of Zygorhynchus Species to Lysis
Ballesta, J.-P. G., Alexander, M.
Zygorhynchus vuilleminii, a nonmelanin-containing fungus, was not lysed by mycolytic actinomycetes. Several enzymes and Streptomyces enzyme preparations digesting walls of other fungi were without...
Cell Walls and Lysis of Mortierella parvispora Hyphae
Pengra, R. M., Cole, M. A., Alexander, M.
Walls of Mortierella parvispora, Pullularia pullulans, Absidia repens, Fusarium oxysporum, and of several Penicillium species varied in their susceptibilities to digestion by glucanase and chitinase....
Inhibition of the Lysis of Fungi by Melanins
Evidence is presented that the resistance of Aspergillus nidulans hyphae to lysis by a β-(1→3) glucanase-chitinase mixture results from the presence of melanin in the fungal walls. The resistance...
Nitrite Formation from Hydroxylamine and Oximes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Amarger, Noelle, Alexander, M.
Nitrite was formed from hydroxylamine and several oximes by intact cells and extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity was induced by the presence of oximes in the culture medium. Nitroalkanes...
Melanins and Resistance of Fungi to Lysis
Bloomfield, B. J., Alexander, M.
Hyphal walls of Aspergillus phoenicis and Sclerotium rolfsii are composed of large amounts of glucose- and N-acetylhexosamine-containing polysaccharides, and the walls are extensively digested by...
ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM1
Gunner, H. B. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Anaerobic growth of Fusarium oxysporum. J. Bacteriol. 87:1309–1316. 1964.—Fusarium oxysporum, an alleged obligate aerobe, was...
Nodulation Factor for Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis1
Valera, Concepcion L., Alexander, M.
Valera, Concepcion L. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Nodulation factor for Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. J. Bacteriol. 89:1134–1139. 1965.—Nodulation of excised roots of...
FORMATION OF NITRITE AND NITRATE BY ACTINOMYCETES AND FUNGI
Hirsch, P., Overrein, L., Alexander, M.
Hirsch, P. (Cornell University, Ithaca, New York), L. Overrein, and M. Alexander. Formation of nitrite and nitrate by actinomycetes and fungi. J. Bacteriol. 82:442–448. 1961.—Nitrite was produced...
NITRIFICATION BY ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS1
Marshall, K. C., Alexander, M.
Marshall, K. C. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.) and M. Alexander. Nitrification by Aspergillus flavus. J. Bacteriol. 83:572–578. 1962.—Aspergillus flavus has been shown to produce bound...
METABOLISM OF PHENOXYALKYL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS BY A FLAVOBACTERIUM SPECIES1
Macrae, I. C. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Metabolism of phenoxyalkyl carboxylic acids by a Flavobacterium species. J. Bacteriol. 86:1231–1235. 1963.—A Flavobacterium sp....
Nitrogen Fixation by Photosynthetic Bacteria in Lowland Rice Culture
Propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) was a potent inhibitor of the nitrogenase activity of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in flooded soil, but the herbicide at comparable concentrations was...
Microbial metabolism of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in lake water and sewage.
The carcinogenic nitrosamine, N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDElA), was degraded in samples of sewage and two lake waters, and microorganisms were responsible for the transformation. However, the rate of...
The kinetics of mineralization of a wide range of concentrations of benzoate, glucose, and benzylamine by Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella typhimurium, and microorganisms in acclimated sewage was studied....
Reasons for possible failure of inoculation to enhance biodegradation.
Goldstein, R M, Mallory, L M, Alexander, M
Pseudomonas strains capable of mineralizing 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in culture media were isolated from soil. One DCP-metabolizing strain mineralized 1.0 and 10 micrograms of...
Permeability of Nitrobacter agilis to Organic Compounds1
Ida, S. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Permeability of Nitrobacter agilis to organic compounds. J. Bacteriol. 90:151–156. 1965.—None of a variety of inorganic ions or...
Role of 3-Nitropropanoic Acid in Nitrate Formation by Aspergillus flavus1
Doxtader, K. G., Alexander, M.
Doxtader, K. G. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Role of 3-nitropropanoic acid in nitrate formation by Aspergillus flavus. J. Bacteriol. 91:1186–1191. 1966.—Aspergillus...
Susceptibility and Resistance of Several Fungi to Microbial Lysis1
Potgieter, H. J., Alexander, M.
Potgieter, H. J. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Susceptibility and resistance of several fungi to microbial lysis. J. Bacteriol. 91:1526–1532. 1966.—Strains of...
Resting cells of bacteria grown in the presence of diphenylmethane oxidized substituted analogs such as 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane (DDM),...
Effect of Chemical Structure on the Biodegradability of Aliphatic Acids and Alcohols
Sewage microorganisms readily degraded unsubstituted aliphatic acids, but the rate of decomposition was much slower with substituted acids as substrates. The type, number, and position of the...
Dimethylselenide and Dimethyltelluride Formation by a Strain of Penicillium
A strain of Penicillium which produced dimethylselenide from inorganic selenium compounds was isolated from raw sewage. Sulfate and methionine enhanced growth of the fungus and its production of...
Cometabolism of m-Chlorobenzoate by an Arthrobacter
Twenty isolates representing nine bacterial genera were obtained from enrichment cultures and were shown to cometabolize one or more of 22 substituted benzoates. One of the isolates, an Arthrobacter...
Bacterial Degradation of Diphenylmethane, a DDT Model Substrate
A strain of Hydrogenomonas was isolated by elective culture in a solution with diphenylmethane, an analogue of DDT, as the sole carbon source. Constitutive enzymes effected the oxidation and fission...
Differentiation of Brucella canis from Other Brucellae by Gas Chromatography
Gas chromatographic techniques allow for differentiation between a strain of Brucella canis and strains of other brucellae.
Cometabolism and Gas Chromatography for the Sensitive Detection of Bacteria
Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were grown in media containing one of several halogenated organic acids which the bacteria metabolized but could not use as a major...
2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate Metabolism by Arthrobacter sp.: Accumulation of a Chlorobutenolide
Sharpee, K. W., Duxbury, J. M., Alexander, M.
An enzyme preparation from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate-grown Arthrobacter sp. converted cis,cis-2,4-dichloromuconate to chloromaleylacetate. The enzyme lactonizing the dichloromuconate to yield...
Rapid Detection of Bacteremia in Mice by Gas Chromatography
Mitruka, B. M., Jonas, A. M., Alexander, M.
Gas chromatography of the serum of mice inoculated 6 hr earlier with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli K-12, and Clostridium chauvoei revealed the formation of products associated with the...
Kohashi, O, Pearson, M, Beck, F J, Alexander, M
We confirmed that, when immunized with a conventional complete Freund adjuvant (water in oil), Lewis rats were highly susceptible to adjuvant arthritis, Fisher rats were less susceptible, and Buffalo...
Detection and Identification of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography1
Henis, Y., Gould, J. R., Alexander, M.
Ether extracts of cultures of 29 strains representing 6 species of Bacillus, and of individual strains of Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined in a gas...
Metabolism of 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid by Soil Bacteria
A microorganism capable of degrading 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was isolated from soil and identified as Flavobacterium peregrinum. All of the chlorine of MCPA was released as...
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography
A gas chromatograph fitted with electron capture and flame ionization detectors was employed for the rapid detection of bacteria by analysis for their metabolic products. The presence of Proteus...
Assay of Substances Stimulatory to Legume Nodule Formation 1
Schaffer, A. G., Alexander, M.
Two methods were developed for the assay of substances stimulatory to the nodulation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) roots growing from segments of hypocotyl tissue. Coconut water was the chief source...
Partial Purification of a Legume Nodulation Factor Present in Coconut Water 1
Schaffer, A. G., Alexander, M.
The nodulation of adventitious roots growing from segments of bean hypocotyl tissue was used as a bioassay for the material present in coconut water which stimulated nodulation. The active material...
Benzene from bacterial cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond of phenylphosphonates.
Cook, A M, Daughton, C G, Alexander, M
An organism, identified as a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, was proved by direct assay to utilize ionic methyl phenylphosphonate as sole phosphorus source. One product from C-P-bond cleavage was...
Nasrin, N, Ercolani, L, Denaro, M, Kong, X F, Kang, I, Alexander, M
Two independent cis-acting insulin response elements (IREs) in the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC...
Role of competition for inorganic nutrients in the biodegradation of mixtures of substrates.
A study was conducted to determine whether competition for inorganic nutrients affects the biodegradation of mixtures of substrates. Little benzylamine was mineralized by Pseudomonas putida in...
Coventry, M J, Gordon, J B, Alexander, M, Hickey, M W, Wan, J
Bacteriocins, including nisin, pediocin PO2, brevicin 286, and piscicolin 126, were extracted from fermentation media by adsorption onto Micro-Cel (a food-grade diatomite calcium silicate anticaking...
Microbial formation and degradation of dimethylamine.
Dimethylamine was formed from trimethylamine in soils of different pH values. The rate of disappearance of the secondary amine from soil was affected by pH and was markedly reduced under...
N-Nitrosamine formation by cultures of several microorganisms.
Of 38 pure cultures of microorganisms tested, only one, Pseudomonas stutzeri, was capable of forming dimethylnitrosamine from dimethylamine and nitrite during growth. Resting cells of P. stutzeri,...
Ring Hydroxylation of p-Chlorophenylacetate by an Arthrobacter Strain
Resting cell suspensions of a strain of Arthrobacter grown on phenylacetate converted p-chlorophenylacetate to two products. One of the products was identified as 4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenylacetate.
Microbial Transformations of Selenium
Resting cell suspensions of a strain of Corynebacterium isolated from soil formed dimethyl selenide from selenate, selenite, elemental selenium, selenomethionine, selenocystine, and...
Subba-Rao, R. V., Alexander, M.
Cultures of Pseudomonas putida growing in solutions with diphenylmethane as sole carbon source formed 1,1,1′,1′-tetraphenyldimethyl ether. The product was identified by gas chromatography, mass...
Resistance of Cysts of Amoebae to Microbial Decomposition
Cyst walls of Acanthamoeba rhysodes, A. palestinensis, A. castellanii, and one other strain of Acanthamoeba contain 36 to 45% protein and 20 to 34% carbohydrate. More than half of the protein in the...
Resistance of Rhizobium strains to phygon, spergon, and thiram.
Strains of Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium sp. nodulating cowpeas, and R. phaseoli derived from cultures susceptible to tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram), 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (phygon),...
Bacterial metabolism of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Of 10 quaternary ammonium compounds tested for biodegradation by the biological oxygen demand technique, only decyl- and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromides were decomposed by organisms derived from...
Relationship between Cell Surface Properties and Transport of Bacteria through Soil
Gannon, J. T., Manilal, V. B., Alexander, M.
A study was conducted to relate the properties of Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, and Arthrobacter strains to their transport with water moving through soil. The...
Effect of sodium chloride on transport of bacteria in a saturated aquifer material.
Gannon, J, Tan, Y H, Baveye, P, Alexander, M
Determinations were made of the influence of NaCl concentration, cell density, and flow velocity on the transport of Pseudomonas sp. strain KL2 through columns of aquifer sand under saturated...
Inoculum size as a factor limiting success of inoculation for biodegradation.
Ramadan, M A, El-Tayeb, O M, Alexander, M
A study was conducted to determine the role of inoculum size of a bacterium introduced into nonsterile lake water in the biodegradation of a synthetic chemical. The test species was a strain of...
Effect of growth rate and hydrophobicity on bacteria surviving protozoan grazing.
Measurements were made of the predation by Tetrahymena thermophila on several bacterial species in media containing heat-killed Escherichia coli cells to serve as an alternative prey. If grazing...
Evolution of Dimethylselenide from Soils
Francis, A. J., Duxbury, J. M., Alexander, M.
Alcohols, carbonyl compounds, and fatty acids were formed in two glucose-amended soils incubated under argon, but dimethylselenide was evolved under argon only from one, a selenium-rich clay, after...
Microbial Degradation of High-Molecular-Weight Alkanes
Measurements of biological O2 demand showed that normal alkanes containing up to 44 carbon atoms were metabolized by microorganisms.
Regulation of Predation by Prey Density: the Protozoan-Rhizobium Relationship
Danso, S. K. A., Alexander, M.
Tetramitus rostratus and strains of Hartmanella, Naegleria, and Vahlkampfia consumed large numbers of Rhizobium meliloti cells in a salt solution, but protozoan multiplication and the bacterial...
Microbial Degradation of Polyethylene Glycols
Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycols and polyethylene glycols (PEG) with molecular weight up to 20,000 were degraded by soil microorganisms. A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to use a...
Ortega-Calvo, J J, Alexander, M
The mineralization by an Arthrobacter sp. of naphthalene initially dissolved in di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exhibited a slow phase followed by a rapid phase. Triton X-100, which inhibited cell...
Rates of dissolution and biodegradation of water-insoluble organic compounds.
Thomas, J M, Yordy, J R, Amador, J A, Alexander, M
We conducted a study of the relationship between the dissolution rates of organic compounds that are sparingly soluble in water and the biodegradation of these compounds by mixed cultures of...
Role of dissolution rate and solubility in biodegradation of aromatic compounds.
Strains of Moraxella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Flavobacterium sp. able to grow on biphenyl were isolated from sewage. The bacteria produced 2.3 to 4.5 g of protein per mol of biphenyl carbon, and...
Wiggins, B A, Jones, S H, Alexander, M
A study was conducted of possible reasons for acclimation of microbial communities to the mineralization of organic compounds in lake water and sewage. The acclimation period for the mineralization...
Kinetics of p-nitrophenol mineralization by a Pseudomonas sp.: effects of second substrates.
Schmidt, S K, Scow, K M, Alexander, M
The kinetics of simultaneous mineralization of p-nitrophenol (PNP) and glucose by Pseudomonas sp. were evaluated by nonlinear regression analysis. Pseudomonas sp. did not mineralize PNP at a...
A study was conducted to determine the role of concentration of the test chemical, of a second organic compound, and of mutation in the acclimation period before the mineralization of organic...
Role of sublethal injury in decline of bacterial populations in lake water.
Following their addition to lake water, the populations of Escherichia coli and of antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Micrococcus flavus, Rhizobium...
The addition of phosphate, nitrate, or sulfate (each at 10 mM) decreased the acclimation period for the mineralization of low concentrations of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in lake water. Added phosphate...
Phosphonate utilization by bacteria.
Cook, A M, Daughton, C G, Alexander, M
Bacteria able to use at least one of 13 ionic alkylphosphonates of O-alkyl or O,O-dialkyl alkylphosphonates as phosphorus sources were isolated from sewage and soil. Four of these isolates used...
Bacteriophage 80 alpha did not increase in number in cultures containing less than about 1.0 X 10(4) to 1.5 X 10(4) CFU of Staphylococcus aureus per ml, but bacteriophage replication did occur when...
Cometabolism of low concentrations of propachlor, alachlor, and cycloate in sewage and lake water.
Low concentrations of propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) and alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] were not mineralized, cycloate...
Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas sp. strain ANL but not Salmonella typhimurium grew in an inorganic salts solution. The growth of P. acidovorans in this solution was not enhanced by the...
Models for the kinetics of biodegradation of organic compounds not supporting growth.
Schmidt, S K, Simkins, S, Alexander, M
We developed 12 models of kinetics to describe the metabolism of organic substrates that are not supporting bacterial growth. These models can be used to describe the biodegradation of organic...
Effect of bacterial density and substrate concentration on yield coefficients.
Measurements were made of the yield coefficient during the aerobic metabolism of glucose by a heterogeneous bacterial mixture. Expressed in terms of carbon, the coefficient was approximately 0.48....
Anomalies in mineralization of low concentrations of organic compounds in lake water and sewage.
Hoover, D G, Borgonovi, G E, Jones, S H, Alexander, M
The rates of mineralization of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), p-nitrophenol, aniline, and isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) at one or more concentrations ranging...
Kinetics of mineralization of phenols in lake water.
The kinetics of mineralization of phenol and p-nitrophenol in lake water was determined at concentrations from 200 pg/ml to 5 micrograms/ml. The mineralization data were fit by nonlinear regression...
Kinetics of mineralization of organic compounds at low concentrations in soil.
Scow, K M, Simkins, S, Alexander, M
The kinetics of mineralization of 14C-labeled phenol and aniline were measured at initial concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 5,000 ng and 0.30 ng to 500 micrograms/g of soil, respectively....
Simkins, S, Mukherjee, R, Alexander, M
The patterns of microbial mineralization of 0.3 to 30 ng of glucose, benzoate, and phenol per ml of sewage collected in late fall and winter were analyzed with the integrated Monod equation and a...
Alternative prey: a mechanism for elimination of bacterial species by protozoa.
Mallory, L M, Yuk, C S, Liang, L N, Alexander, M
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae died readily after their addition to raw sewage, but they grew in sterilized sewage. The decline was not a result of...
The rates of mineralization of [14C]benzoate by an induced population of Pseudomonas sp. were measured at initial substrate concentrations ranging from 10 ng/ml to 100 micrograms/ml. Plots of the...
Role of resistance to starvation in bacterial survival in sewage and lake water.
A study was conducted to determine the significance of starvation resistance to the ability of a species to survive in sewage and lake water. Tests were conducted for periods of up to 14 days....
Bacterial and spontaneous dehalogenation of organic compounds.
Only 3 of more than 500 soil enrichments contained organisms able to use 1,9-dichlorononane as a sole carbon source. One isolate, a strain of Pseudomonas, grew on the compound and released much of...
Effects of low concentrations of bisulfite-sulfite and nitrite on microorganisms.
Wodzinski, R S, Labeda, D P, Alexander, M
A wide range of microorganisms was tested to determine their sensitivity to low concentrations of bisulfite-sulfite and nitrite, solubility products of SO2 and NO2, respectively. Photosynthesis by...
Bacterial dehalogenation of halogenated alkanes and fatty acids.
Sewage samples dehalogenated 1,9-dichloronane, 1-chloroheptane, and 6-bromohexanoate, but an organism able to use 1,9-dichlorononane as the sole carbon source could not be isolated from these...
Cook, A M, Daughton, C G, Alexander, M
Bacteria were isolated that could utilize representatives of the following ionic phosphorus-containing breakdown products of organophosphorus pesticides as sole phosphorus sources: dialkyl...
Daughton, C G, Cook, A M, Alexander, M
Soils that had a high binding capacity for inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) had reduced capacities to bind ionic alkyl phosphorus compounds. Only ionic methylphosphonate (MPn) and ionic...
Utilization of chlorobenzoates by microbial populations in sewage.
DiGeronimo, M J, Nikaido, M, Alexander, M
Microorganisms in sewage decomposed 3.4-dichlorobenzoate and m-, p-, and o-chlorobenzoates. As the substrate disappeared, populations capable of growing on these compounds proliferated. Neither...
Microbial cleavage of various organophosphorus insecticides.
Bacteria able to utilize Aspon, Azodrin, Dasanit, diazinon, malathion, Orthene, parathion, Trithion, dimethoate, Dylox, methyl parathion, and Vapona as sole phosphorus sources were isolated from soil...
Microbial metabolism of carbon monoxide in culture and in soil.
Bartholomew, G W, Alexander, M
Nocardia salmonicolor readily oxidized CO to CO2. Slight activity was found among species of Actinoplanes, Agromyces, Microbispora, Mycobacterium, and other nocardias, and no oxidation was detected...
Effect of SO2 and bisulfite on heterotrophic activity in an acid soil.
Grant, I F, Bancroft, K, Alexander, M
Glucose oxidation was inhibited in a forest soil (pH 4.01) previously exposed by 1.0 microliter of SO2 per liter, the extent of inhibition and the decline in pH being directly related to the length...
Microbial formation of secondary and tertiary amines in municipal sewage.
Dimethylamine was formed in municipal sewage that was amended with creatinine, and trimethylamine was formed from choline or phosphatidylcholine. The maximum level of product that accumulated was...
Heterotrophic Nitrification by Arthrobacter sp
Arthrobacter sp. isolated from sewage oxidized ammonium to hydroxylamine, a bound hydroxylamine compound, a hydroxamic acid, a substance presumed to be a primary nitro compound, nitrite, and nitrate....
Mechanism of Nitrification by Arthrobacter sp
Resting cells of Arthrobacter sp. excrete as much as 60 μg of hydroxylamine-nitrogen per ml when supplied with ammonium. An organic carbon source in abundant supply is necessary for the oxidation....
Formation of Nitrate from 3-Nitropropionate by Aspergillus flavus
Molina, J. A. E., Alexander, M.
Extracts of the hyphae of a nitrifying strain of Aspergillus flavus formed nitrite and nitrate from 3-nitropropionate. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide adenine...
Formation of Tumor-Like Structures on Legume Roots by Rhizobium
MacGregor, A. N., Alexander, M.
Tumor-like structures appeared on the roots of Medicago sativa, Alysicarpus vaginalis, and Trifolium pratense inoculated with a non-nodulating strain of Rhizobium trifolii or with irradiated cultures...
Resistance of Zygorhynchus Species to Lysis
Ballesta, J.-P. G., Alexander, M.
Zygorhynchus vuilleminii, a nonmelanin-containing fungus, was not lysed by mycolytic actinomycetes. Several enzymes and Streptomyces enzyme preparations digesting walls of other fungi were without...
Cell Walls and Lysis of Mortierella parvispora Hyphae
Pengra, R. M., Cole, M. A., Alexander, M.
Walls of Mortierella parvispora, Pullularia pullulans, Absidia repens, Fusarium oxysporum, and of several Penicillium species varied in their susceptibilities to digestion by glucanase and chitinase....
Inhibition of the Lysis of Fungi by Melanins
Evidence is presented that the resistance of Aspergillus nidulans hyphae to lysis by a β-(1→3) glucanase-chitinase mixture results from the presence of melanin in the fungal walls. The resistance...
Nitrite Formation from Hydroxylamine and Oximes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Amarger, Noelle, Alexander, M.
Nitrite was formed from hydroxylamine and several oximes by intact cells and extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity was induced by the presence of oximes in the culture medium. Nitroalkanes...
Melanins and Resistance of Fungi to Lysis
Bloomfield, B. J., Alexander, M.
Hyphal walls of Aspergillus phoenicis and Sclerotium rolfsii are composed of large amounts of glucose- and N-acetylhexosamine-containing polysaccharides, and the walls are extensively digested by...
ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM1
Gunner, H. B. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Anaerobic growth of Fusarium oxysporum. J. Bacteriol. 87:1309–1316. 1964.—Fusarium oxysporum, an alleged obligate aerobe, was...
Nodulation Factor for Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis1
Valera, Concepcion L., Alexander, M.
Valera, Concepcion L. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Nodulation factor for Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. J. Bacteriol. 89:1134–1139. 1965.—Nodulation of excised roots of...
FORMATION OF NITRITE AND NITRATE BY ACTINOMYCETES AND FUNGI
Hirsch, P., Overrein, L., Alexander, M.
Hirsch, P. (Cornell University, Ithaca, New York), L. Overrein, and M. Alexander. Formation of nitrite and nitrate by actinomycetes and fungi. J. Bacteriol. 82:442–448. 1961.—Nitrite was produced...
NITRIFICATION BY ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS1
Marshall, K. C., Alexander, M.
Marshall, K. C. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.) and M. Alexander. Nitrification by Aspergillus flavus. J. Bacteriol. 83:572–578. 1962.—Aspergillus flavus has been shown to produce bound...
METABOLISM OF PHENOXYALKYL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS BY A FLAVOBACTERIUM SPECIES1
Macrae, I. C. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Metabolism of phenoxyalkyl carboxylic acids by a Flavobacterium species. J. Bacteriol. 86:1231–1235. 1963.—A Flavobacterium sp....
Nitrogen Fixation by Photosynthetic Bacteria in Lowland Rice Culture
Propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) was a potent inhibitor of the nitrogenase activity of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in flooded soil, but the herbicide at comparable concentrations was...
Microbial metabolism of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in lake water and sewage.
The carcinogenic nitrosamine, N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDElA), was degraded in samples of sewage and two lake waters, and microorganisms were responsible for the transformation. However, the rate of...
The kinetics of mineralization of a wide range of concentrations of benzoate, glucose, and benzylamine by Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella typhimurium, and microorganisms in acclimated sewage was studied....
Reasons for possible failure of inoculation to enhance biodegradation.
Goldstein, R M, Mallory, L M, Alexander, M
Pseudomonas strains capable of mineralizing 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in culture media were isolated from soil. One DCP-metabolizing strain mineralized 1.0 and 10 micrograms of...
Permeability of Nitrobacter agilis to Organic Compounds1
Ida, S. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Permeability of Nitrobacter agilis to organic compounds. J. Bacteriol. 90:151–156. 1965.—None of a variety of inorganic ions or...
Role of 3-Nitropropanoic Acid in Nitrate Formation by Aspergillus flavus1
Doxtader, K. G., Alexander, M.
Doxtader, K. G. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Role of 3-nitropropanoic acid in nitrate formation by Aspergillus flavus. J. Bacteriol. 91:1186–1191. 1966.—Aspergillus...
Susceptibility and Resistance of Several Fungi to Microbial Lysis1
Potgieter, H. J., Alexander, M.
Potgieter, H. J. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and M. Alexander. Susceptibility and resistance of several fungi to microbial lysis. J. Bacteriol. 91:1526–1532. 1966.—Strains of...
Resting cells of bacteria grown in the presence of diphenylmethane oxidized substituted analogs such as 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane (DDM),...
Effect of Chemical Structure on the Biodegradability of Aliphatic Acids and Alcohols
Sewage microorganisms readily degraded unsubstituted aliphatic acids, but the rate of decomposition was much slower with substituted acids as substrates. The type, number, and position of the...
Dimethylselenide and Dimethyltelluride Formation by a Strain of Penicillium
A strain of Penicillium which produced dimethylselenide from inorganic selenium compounds was isolated from raw sewage. Sulfate and methionine enhanced growth of the fungus and its production of...
Cometabolism of m-Chlorobenzoate by an Arthrobacter
Twenty isolates representing nine bacterial genera were obtained from enrichment cultures and were shown to cometabolize one or more of 22 substituted benzoates. One of the isolates, an Arthrobacter...
Bacterial Degradation of Diphenylmethane, a DDT Model Substrate
A strain of Hydrogenomonas was isolated by elective culture in a solution with diphenylmethane, an analogue of DDT, as the sole carbon source. Constitutive enzymes effected the oxidation and fission...
Differentiation of Brucella canis from Other Brucellae by Gas Chromatography
Gas chromatographic techniques allow for differentiation between a strain of Brucella canis and strains of other brucellae.
Cometabolism and Gas Chromatography for the Sensitive Detection of Bacteria
Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were grown in media containing one of several halogenated organic acids which the bacteria metabolized but could not use as a major...
2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate Metabolism by Arthrobacter sp.: Accumulation of a Chlorobutenolide
Sharpee, K. W., Duxbury, J. M., Alexander, M.
An enzyme preparation from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate-grown Arthrobacter sp. converted cis,cis-2,4-dichloromuconate to chloromaleylacetate. The enzyme lactonizing the dichloromuconate to yield...
Rapid Detection of Bacteremia in Mice by Gas Chromatography
Mitruka, B. M., Jonas, A. M., Alexander, M.
Gas chromatography of the serum of mice inoculated 6 hr earlier with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli K-12, and Clostridium chauvoei revealed the formation of products associated with the...
Kohashi, O, Pearson, M, Beck, F J, Alexander, M
We confirmed that, when immunized with a conventional complete Freund adjuvant (water in oil), Lewis rats were highly susceptible to adjuvant arthritis, Fisher rats were less susceptible, and Buffalo...
Detection and Identification of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography1
Henis, Y., Gould, J. R., Alexander, M.
Ether extracts of cultures of 29 strains representing 6 species of Bacillus, and of individual strains of Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined in a gas...
Metabolism of 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid by Soil Bacteria
A microorganism capable of degrading 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was isolated from soil and identified as Flavobacterium peregrinum. All of the chlorine of MCPA was released as...
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography
A gas chromatograph fitted with electron capture and flame ionization detectors was employed for the rapid detection of bacteria by analysis for their metabolic products. The presence of Proteus...
Assay of Substances Stimulatory to Legume Nodule Formation 1
Schaffer, A. G., Alexander, M.
Two methods were developed for the assay of substances stimulatory to the nodulation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) roots growing from segments of hypocotyl tissue. Coconut water was the chief source...
Partial Purification of a Legume Nodulation Factor Present in Coconut Water 1
Schaffer, A. G., Alexander, M.
The nodulation of adventitious roots growing from segments of bean hypocotyl tissue was used as a bioassay for the material present in coconut water which stimulated nodulation. The active material...
Benzene from bacterial cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond of phenylphosphonates.
Cook, A M, Daughton, C G, Alexander, M
An organism, identified as a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, was proved by direct assay to utilize ionic methyl phenylphosphonate as sole phosphorus source. One product from C-P-bond cleavage was...
Triangular backgrounds shift the bias of line bisection performance in hemispatial neglect
Shulman, M, Alexander, M, McGlinchey-Berrot..., R, Milberg, W
Objective: Patients with left neglect on line bisection show normal implicit sensitivity to manipulations of both the stimulus and the visual background. Three experiments were designed to define...
Traynor, B, Alexander, M, Corr, B, Frost, E, Hardiman, O
Background: In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in the method of healthcare delivery to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with the emergence of multidisciplinary ALS clinics...
Rapid differentiation of certain bacteria in mixed populations by gas-liquid chromatography.
Mitruka, B. M., Jonas, A. M., Alexander, M., Kundargi, R. S.
The prognostic significance of race and survival from laryngeal carcinoma.
Roach, M., Alexander, M., Coleman, J. L.
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data suggest that blacks with laryngeal carcinoma have a significantly lower 5-year survival rate than whites. Most of this difference...
For more than 20 years, black women with breast cancer have been reported to have a lower survival rate than white women with breast cancer. Despite correcting for stage and socioeconomic status,...