Gayther, S.A., Song, H., Ramus, S.J., Kjaer, S.K., Whittemore, A.S., Quaye, L., ...
High-risk susceptibility genes explain
Combined Analysis of Breast Cancer Studies (1991)
PIKE, M. C., DE VERDIER, M. GERHARDSSON, LONDON, S., BERNSTEIN, L.
Bias and Efficiency in Logistic Analyses of Stratified Case-Control Studies (1980)
Pike M C [University of Southern California School of Medicine, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA], Hill A P, and Smith P G. Bias and efficiency in logistic analyses of stratified...
Requirement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation for human monocyte chemotaxis.
Pike, M C, Kredich, N M, Snyderman, R
The chemotactic response of motile bacteria requires the methylation of specific proteins by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. To determine whether methylation is required for the chemotaxis of human...
Complex polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides can activate the terminal components of complement by either the classical (antibody, C1, C4, and C2) or alternative complement pathways, but the...
Snyderman, R, Pike, M C, McCarley, D, Lang, L
Delineation of the mechanisms of macrophage accumulation at local tissue sites will further our understanding of immunologically mediated host resistance to infectious and neoplastic diseases. Since...
Specific receptor sites for chemotactic peptides on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Williams, L T, Snyderman, R, Pike, M C, Lefkowitz, R J
Synthetic N-formylmethionyl peptides are chemotactic attractants for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The well-defined structure-activity relationship of these peptides in eliciting a chemotactic...
Ursin, G, London, S, Stanczyk, F Z, Gentzschein, E, Paganini-Hill, A, Ross, R K, ...
The two main pathways for metabolizing estrogen are via 16alpha-hydroxylation and 2-hydroxylation. The 16alpha-hydroxy metabolites are biologically active; the 2-hydroxy metabolites are not. It is...
Risk factors for uterine fibroids: reduced risk associated with oral contraceptives.
Ross, R K, Pike, M C, Vessey, M P, Bull, D, Yeates, D, Casagrande, J T
Risk factors for pathologically confirmed uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) were investigated using data from the Oxford Family Planning Association study, a long term follow up study of women using...
Peto, R, Pike, M C, Bernstein, L, Gold, L S, Ames, B N
A generally accepted format for the numerical description of the carcinogenic potency of a particular chemical in a particular strain of animals is desirable so that statements from different sources...
Campbell, A. C., Hersey, P., MacLennan, I. C. M., Kay, H. E. M., Pike, M. C.
Assays of lymphocyte subpopulations and function have been performed on patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia still in remission after 18 months' treatment. The patients were subjects of a...
Requirement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation for human monocyte chemotaxis.
Pike, M C, Kredich, N M, Snyderman, R
The chemotactic response of motile bacteria requires the methylation of specific proteins by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. To determine whether methylation is required for the chemotaxis of human...
Complex polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides can activate the terminal components of complement by either the classical (antibody, C1, C4, and C2) or alternative complement pathways, but the...
Snyderman, R, Pike, M C, McCarley, D, Lang, L
Delineation of the mechanisms of macrophage accumulation at local tissue sites will further our understanding of immunologically mediated host resistance to infectious and neoplastic diseases. Since...
Specific receptor sites for chemotactic peptides on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Williams, L T, Snyderman, R, Pike, M C, Lefkowitz, R J
Synthetic N-formylmethionyl peptides are chemotactic attractants for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The well-defined structure-activity relationship of these peptides in eliciting a chemotactic...
Risk factors for uterine fibroids: reduced risk associated with oral contraceptives.
Ross, R K, Pike, M C, Vessey, M P, Bull, D, Yeates, D, Casagrande, J T
Risk factors for pathologically confirmed uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) were investigated using data from the Oxford Family Planning Association study, a long term follow up study of women using...
Ursin, G, London, S, Stanczyk, F Z, Gentzschein, E, Paganini-Hill, A, Ross, R K, ...
The two main pathways for metabolizing estrogen are via 16alpha-hydroxylation and 2-hydroxylation. The 16alpha-hydroxy metabolites are biologically active; the 2-hydroxy metabolites are not. It is...
Peto, R, Pike, M C, Bernstein, L, Gold, L S, Ames, B N
A generally accepted format for the numerical description of the carcinogenic potency of a particular chemical in a particular strain of animals is desirable so that statements from different sources...
Campbell, A. C., Hersey, P., MacLennan, I. C. M., Kay, H. E. M., Pike, M. C.
Assays of lymphocyte subpopulations and function have been performed on patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia still in remission after 18 months' treatment. The patients were subjects of a...
Factors in Pathogenesis of Central-nervous-system Leukaemia
West, R. J., Graham-Pole, J., Hardisty, R. M., Pike, M. C.
Eighty-three (50%) of 165 children with acute lymphoblastic or acute stem-cell leukaemia presenting during 1958-70 developed leukaemia of the central nervous system (C.N.S.). The rate of incidence of...
Burkitt's Lymphoma: A Time-space Cluster of Cases in Bwanba County of Uganda
Morrow, R. H., Pike, M. C., Smith, P. G., Ziegler, J. L., Kisuule, A.
Seven cases of Burkitt's lymphoma have to date (March 1971) been diagnosed in the county of Bwamba in Uganda. All these patients had the clinical onset of their tumour in the 27 months from October...
Juel-Jensen, B. E., MacCallum, F. O., Mackenzie, A. M. R., Pike, M. C.
The antiviral effect of 5% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulphoxide intermittently applied and of 40% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulphoxide continuously applied for four days to the lesions in patients with...
Aledort, L. M., Hilgartner, M. W., Pike, M. C., Gjerset, G. F., Koerper, M. A., Lian, E. Y., ...
OBJECTIVE--To examine the CD4 count and its near term changes relative to progression to AIDS within 30 months and to subsequent CD4 counts. DESIGN--Longitudinal clinical and laboratory study....
Risk of testicular cancer in cohort of boys with cryptorchidism.
Swerdlow, A. J., Higgins, C. D., Pike, M. C.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of testicular cancer in relation to undescended testis and its treatment based on recorded details of the maldescent, treatment, and biopsy from case notes. DESIGN:...
Pike, M C, Casagrande, J, Smith, P G
It is now well established in case-control studies with individual matching that the statistical analysis must take the fact of individual matching into account. The problems of so doing have been...
Month of birth of men with malignant germ cell tumours of the testis.
Bernstein, L, Chilvers, C, Murrells, T, Pike, M C
A recent paper has suggested that there is a temporal cycle in birth rates of men with testis cancer with a peak in April/May. We have investigated the suggestion using data from the South Thames and...
Chilvers, C E, Pike, M C, Taylor, C N, Hermon, C, Crossley, B, Smith, S J
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The UK National Case-Control Study was carried out to investigate the relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk. This study investigates whether general...
Pike, M C, Anderson, J, Day, N
We have studied Miettinen's multivariate confounder score method of controlling confounding in case-control studies both theoretically and by simulation. The main conclusion to be drawn from out...
Bernstein, L., Ross, R. K., Pike, M. C., Brown, J. B., Henderson, B. E.
Hormone concentrations in blood and total 12 h urine values were compared between 40 post-menopausal women with breast cancer and 40 control women in a study which carefully controlled for the...
Serum oestrogen levels in postmenopausal women: comparison of American whites and Japanese in Japan.
Shimizu, H., Ross, R. K., Bernstein, L., Pike, M. C., Henderson, B. E.
Serum oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were studied in postmenopausal Japanese women in Japan (n = 91) and postmenopausal American white women (n = 38)....
Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain.
Key, T. J., Chen, J., Wang, D. Y., Pike, M. C., Boreham, J.
Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In...
Reproductive factors and colon cancers.
Peters, R. K., Pike, M. C., Chang, W. W., Mack, T. M.
In Los Angeles County, the age-adjusted incidence rate of colon cancer in men is almost 30% higher than that in women; however, in the descending and sigmoid colon, age-specific incidence rates for...
Parity factors and prevalence of fibrocystic breast change in a forensic autopsy series.
Pathak, D. R., Pike, M. C., Key, C. R., Teaf, S. R., Bartow, S. A.
The relationship of reproductive factors, such as nulliparous vs ever-parous status, age at first birth, and total parity, with morphologic prevalence of fibrocystic changes were examined using...
Forman, D., Oliver, R. T., Brett, A. R., Marsh, S. G., Moses, J. H., Bodmer, J. G., ...
Forty-two families with two or more cases of testicular cancer have been reported to the UK Register for Familial Testicular Cancer, comprising two pairs of identical twins, 27 sets of other brothers...
Moore, J. W., Key, T. J., Bulbrook, R. D., Clark, G. M., Allen, D. S., Wang, D. Y., ...
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured by immunoradiometric assay in serum samples from 1,221 healthy female volunteers aged 34-79 who had never used oral contraceptives or...
Thyroid cancer among young women related to prior thyroid disease and pregnancy history.
Preston-Martin, S., Bernstein, L., Pike, M. C., Maldonado, A. A., Henderson, B. E.
We conducted an epidemiologic case-control study of thyroid cancer in women aged 40 and under to test the hypothesis that endogenous hormones may relate to the development of this disease, since the...
Kaposi's Sarcoma in Uganda: Geographic and Ethnic Distribution
Taylor, J. F., Smith, P. G., Bull, Diana, Pike, M. C.
Over the quinquennium 1964-68 the crude annual incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda per million of the population was 7·9 overall, 14·6 for males and 1·1 for females. Statistical analysis...
Gray, G. E., Pike, M. C., Henderson, B. E.
Breast-cancer incidence and mortality rates in different countries were found to be correlated with height, weight and age at menarche, all of which have been identified as risk factors in cohort or...
Oral contraceptive use and early abortion as risk factors for breast cancer in young women.
Pike, M. C., Henderson, B. E., Casagrande, J. T., Rosario, I., Gray, G. E.
A case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles County, California, of 163 very young breast-cancer cases (all aged 32 or less at diagnosis) to investigate the role, if any, of oral contraceptives...
Elevated levels of prolactin in nulliparous women.
Yu, M. C., Gerkins, V. R., Henderson, B. E., Brown, J. B., Pike, M. C.
Follicular-phase (Day 11) plasma prolactin, and plasma and urinary oestrogen levels of 70 nulliparous nuns were compared with those of 80 of their sisters, of whom 62 were parous. The nuns and their...
The epidemiology of endometrial cancer in young women.
Henderson, B. E., Casagrande, J. T., Pike, M. C., Mack, T., Rosario, I., Duke, A.
A case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles County, California, of 127 endometrial cancer cases aged 45 years or less at diagnosis, to investigate the role of fertility, obesity and exogenous...
Hepatocellular carcinoma and oral contraceptives.
Henderson, B. E., Preston-Martin, S., Edmondson, H. A., Peters, R. L., Pike, M. C.
Smith, P. G., Pike, M. C., Till, M. M., Hardisty, R. M.
Studies of space-time clustering of cases of childhood leukaemia have yielded equivocal results. This might be because the disease has a long and variable latent period, in which case the usual...
Peto, R., Pike, M. C., Armitage, P., Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., Howard, S. V., ...
The Medical Research Council has for some years encouraged collaborative clinical trials in leukaemia and other cancers, reporting the results in the medical literature. One unreported result which...
Peto, R., Pike, M. C., Armitage, P., Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., Howard, S. V., ...
Part I of this report appeared in the previous issue (Br. J. Cancer (1976) 34,585), and discussed the design of randomized clinical trials. Part II now describes efficient methods of analysis of...
Further studies of space-time clustering of Burkitt's lymphoma in Uganda.
Morrow, R. H., Pike, M. C., Smith, P. G.
All hospital-treated cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), with onset of symptoms in the period 1963-68 and resident in the Lango and Acholi districts of Uganda, were identified. The average annual...
Cote, R. J., Skinner, E. C., Salem, C. E., Mertes, S. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., Henderson, B. E., ...
Prostate cancer is a disease associated with androgens. It has been hypothesized that reducing the conversion of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate by the use of the drug...
A case-control study of cryptorchidism and maternal hormone concentrations in early pregnancy.
Key, T. J., Bull, D., Ansell, P., Brett, A. R., Clark, G. M., Moore, J. W., ...
Serum samples taken between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation were obtained from 28 mothers who gave birth to cryptorchid sons (cases) and from 108 control mothers. In comparison with controls the cases...
Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans.
Wu, A. H., Ziegler, R. G., Pike, M. C., Nomura, A. M., West, D. W., Kolonel, L. N., ...
We conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among Chinese-, Japanese- and Filipino-American women in Los Angeles County Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), San...
A prospective study of urinary oestrogen excretion and breast cancer risk.
Key, T. J., Wang, D. Y., Brown, J. B., Hermon, C., Allen, D. S., Moore, J. W., ...
To test the hypothesis that high levels of endogenous oestrogens increase the risk for developing breast cancer, concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were measured in 24 h urine...
Cigarette smoking and urinary oestrogen excretion in premenopausal and post-menopausal women.
Key, T. J., Pike, M. C., Brown, J. B., Hermon, C., Allen, D. S., Wang, D. Y.
Cigarette smoking is associated with a reduction in the risk for endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women and it has been suggested that this is because smoking has an anti-oestrogenic effect. To...
The 'unopposed oestrogen hypothesis' for endometrial cancer maintains that risk is increased by exposure to endogenous or exogenous oestrogen that is not opposed simultaneously by a progestagen, and...
Maternal hormone levels in early gestation of cryptorchid males: a case-control study.
Bernstein, L., Pike, M. C., Depue, R. H., Ross, R. K., Moore, J. W., Henderson, B. E.
A case-control study was conducted to assess maternal hormonal factors associated with increased risk of bearing a cryptorchid son. Serum samples were collected during the first trimester of...
Epidemiological studies of active smokers have shown that the duration of smoking has a much greater effect on lung cancer risk than the amount smoked. This observation suggests that passive smoking...
Cook-Mozaffari, P. J., Darby, S. C., Doll, R., Forman, D., Hermon, C., Pike, M. C., ...
The distribution of mortality from 11 causes of death (lymphoid leukaemia, other leukaemia, leukaemia of all types, Hodgkin's disease, other lymphomas, all lymphomas, multiple myeloma, lung cancer,...
LHRH agonists and the prevention of breast and ovarian cancer.
Pike, M. C., Ross, R. K., Lobo, R. A., Key, T. J., Potts, M., Henderson, B. E.
Early age at natural menopause or bilateral ovariectomy substantially reduce a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer. Reversible 'bilateral ovariectomy' can now in effect be achieved by 'high-dose'...
Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk
Wu, A H, Yu, M C, Tseng, C-C, Pike, M C
Most of the early studies published on soy and breast cancer were not designed to test the effect of soy; the assessment of soy intake was usually crude and few potential confounders were considered...
Monroe, K R, Murphy, S P, Kolonel, L N, Pike, M C
In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is involved in the metabolism of oestrogens. There is evidence that grapefruit, an inhibitor of CYP3A4, increases plasma...
Roddam, A W, Pirie, K, Pike, M C, Chilvers, C, Crossley, B, Hermon, C, ...
Active smoking has little or no effect on breast cancer risk but some investigators have suggested that passive smoking and its interaction with active smoking may be associated with an increased...
Pearce, C L, Wu, A H, Gayther, S A, Bale, A E, Beck, P A, Beesley, J, ...
There is evidence that progesterone plays a role in the aetiology of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, genes involved in pathways that regulate progesterone may be candidates for...
Magnusson, C M K, Roddam, A W, Pike, M C, Chilvers, C, Crossley, B, Hermon, C, ...
We examined the relationship between body fatness, sports participation and breast cancer risk in 1560 premenopausal cases and 1548 controls, from three related population-based case–control...
An overview of menopausal oestrogen–progestin hormone therapy and breast cancer risk
Lee, S A, Ross, R K, Pike, M C
Results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial support findings from observational studies that oestrogen–progestin therapy (EPT) use is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk....
Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type
Coupland, C A C, Chilvers, C E D, Davey, G, Pike, M C, Oliver, R T D, Forman, D
Probst-Hensch, N M, Pike, M C, McKean-Cowdin, R, Stanczyk, F Z, Kolonel, L N, Henderson, B E
Breast cancer incidence in Japanese-American women is approaching that of US Whites. We investigated whether this shift is paralleled by similar post-menopausal plasma hormone levels in the two...
Effects of soy foods on ovarian function in premenopausal women
Wu, A H, Stanczyk, F Z, Hendrich, S, Murphy, P A, Zhang, C, Wan, P, ...
It has been proposed that the high intake of soy foods among Asians may partly explain their lower rates of breast cancer, perhaps by lowering endogenous oestrogen levels, although this has been...
Does place of birth influence endogenous hormone levels in Asian-American women?
Falk, R T, Fears, T R, Hoover, R N, Pike, M C, Wu, A H, Nomura, A M Y, ...
In 1983–87, we conducted a population-based case–control study of breast cancer in Asian women living in California and Hawaii, in which migration history (a composite of the subject's place of...
Ethnic differences in ovulatory function in nulliparous women
Haiman, C A, Pike, M C, Bernstein, L, Jaque, S V, Stanczyk, F Z, Afghani, A, ...
African-American women have a long-standing approximately 20% higher breast cancer incidence rate than USA White women under age 40 while rates among Latinas are lower than those of Whites. The...