Recoverin Regulates Light-dependent Phosphodiesterase Activity in Retinal Rods (2004)
Makino, Clint L., Dodd, R. L., Chen, J., Burns, M. E., Roca, A., Simon, M. I., ...
The Ca2+-binding protein recoverin may regulate visual transduction in retinal rods and cones, but its functional role and mechanism of action remain controversial. We compared the photoresponses of...
RGS9-1 is required for normal inactivation of mouse cone phototransduction (2001)
Lyubarsky, A. L., Naarendorp, F., Zhang, X., Wensel, T., Simon, M. I., ...
Purpose: To test the hypothesis that Regulator of G-protein Signaling 9 (RGS9-1) is necessary for the normal inactivation of retinal cones. Methods: Mice having the gene RGS9-1 inactivated in both...
Chen, J., Tucker, C. L., Woodford, B., Szel, A., Lem, J., Gianella-Borradori, A., ...
Transgenic mouse lines were generated using either 3.8 or 1.1 kb of 5' upstream flanking sequence from the human blue opsin gene fused to the lacZ or human growth hormone reporter gene. Mice were...
Oosawa, Kenji, Mutoh, Norihiro, Simon, M. I.
A gene encoding only the C-terminal portion of the receptor-transducer protein Tar of Escherichia coli was constructed. The gene product was detected and localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the...
Primary structure of the L subunit of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (1984)
Williams, J. C., Steiner, L. A., Feher, G., Simon, M. I.
The reaction center is an integral membrane protein that, together with several cofactors, mediates the primary photochemical events in bacterial photosynthesis. The amino-terminal sequences of the...
Primary structure of the M subunit of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (1983)
Williams, J. C., Steiner, L. A., Ogden, R. C., Simon, M. I., Feher, G.
The reaction center is a membrane-bound bacteriochlorophyll--protein complex that mediates the primary photochemical events in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The...
Localization of proteins controlling motility and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli (1977)
Ridgway, H. F., Silverman, M., Simon, M. I.
Flagellar proteins controlling motility and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli were selectively labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine. This distribution of these proteins in subcellular fractions was...
A procedure for the isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants that appear to be defective in septum synthesis has been described. Fourteen mutants isolated with this technique were found to be located...
Purification and Partial Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Flagellar Hooks (1971)
A method for preparing bacterial flagellar hook structures is described. The method involves isolating intact flagella from a mutant which makes thermally labile flagellar filaments and heat-treating...
Chen, J, Flannery, J G, LaVail, M M, Steinberg, R H, Xu, J, Simon, M I
Apoptosis of photoreceptors occurs infrequently in adult retina but can be triggered in inherited and environmentally induced retinal degenerations. The protooncogene bcl-2 is known to be a potent...
A bacterial artificial chromosome-based framework contig map of human chromosome 22q.
Kim, U J, Shizuya, H, Kang, H L, Choi, S S, Garrett, C L, Smink, L J, ...
We have constructed a physical map of human chromosome 22q using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. The map consists of 613 chromosome 22-specific BAC clones that have been localized and...
Hyphal development in Neurospora crassa: involvement of a two-component histidine kinase.
Alex, L A, Borkovich, K A, Simon, M I
Two-component signal transduction systems are most often found in prokaryotic organisms where they are responsible for mediating the cellular responses to many environmental stimuli. These systems...
The beta and gamma subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding (G protein) act as a dimer and directly regulate various signal transduction pathways. By using cotransfection assays, we...
The N terminus of phosducin is involved in binding of beta gamma subunits of G protein.
Xu, J, Wu, D, Slepak, V Z, Simon, M I
Phosducin is a soluble phosphoprotein found in retinal photoreceptor cells and in the pineal gland. It binds to the beta gamma subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (G beta...
Chen, J, Tucker, C L, Woodford, B, Szél, A, Lem, J, Gianella-Borradori, A, ...
Transgenic mouse lines were generated using either 3.8 or 1.1 kb of 5' upstream flanking sequence from the human blue opsin gene fused to the lacZ or human growth hormone reporter gene. Mice were...
Tsukada, S, Simon, M I, Witte, O N, Katz, A
Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) has been implicated as the defective gene in both human and murine B-cell deficiencies. The identification of molecules that interact with Btk may shed light on critical...
Cotransfection assays were used to show that the members of the GTP-binding protein Gq class of alpha subunits could activate phospholipase C (PLC) beta 2. Similar experiments also demonstrated that...
Kozasa, T, Hepler, J R, Smrcka, A V, Simon, M I, Rhee, S G, Sternweis, P C, ...
A cDNA encoding G16 alpha, the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein, was expressed in Sf9 cells using recombinant baculovirus. G16 alpha in membrane extracts of Sf9...
Lem, J, Flannery, J G, Li, T, Applebury, M L, Farber, D B, Simon, M I
The beta subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene has been identified as the candidate gene for retinal degeneration in the rd mouse. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying degeneration...
Attenuation of sensory receptor signaling by covalent modification.
Borkovich, K A, Alex, L A, Simon, M I
The Tar receptor is a transmembrane protein that regulates bacterial chemotaxis in response to changes in the level of aspartic acid in the medium. The extracellular portion of the protein can bind...
Transposon-facilitated DNA sequencing.
Strathmann, M, Hamilton, B A, Mayeda, C A, Simon, M I, Meyerowitz, E M, Palazzolo, M J
We describe here a transposon-based DNA sequencing strategy that allows the introduction of sequencing priming sites throughout a target sequence by bacterial mating. A miniplasmid was designed to...
G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 subunits define a fourth class of G protein alpha subunits.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) are central to the signaling processes of multicellular organisms. We have explored the diversity of the G protein subunits...
G alpha 16, a G protein alpha subunit specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells.
Amatruda, T T, Steele, D A, Slepak, V Z, Simon, M I
Signal-transduction pathways mediated by guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) determine many of the responses of hematopoietic cells. A recently identified gene encoding a G...
Wilkie, T M, Scherle, P A, Strathmann, M P, Slepak, V Z, Simon, M I
Murine G alpha 14 and G alpha 15 cDNAs encode distinct alpha subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). These alpha subunits are related to members of the Gq class...
Bourret, R B, Hess, J F, Simon, M I
The CheY protein is phosphorylated by CheA and dephosphorylated by CheZ as part of the chemotactic signal transduction pathway in Escherichia coli. Phosphorylation of CheY has been proposed to occur...
Strathmann, M, Wilkie, T M, Simon, M I
The alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Go ("o" for other) is believed to mediate signal transduction between a variety of receptors and effectors. cDNA clones encoding two forms...
G protein diversity is increased by associations with a variety of gamma subunits.
Gautam, N, Northup, J, Tamir, H, Simon, M I
Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) are heterotrimeric proteins that transduce extracellular signals into intracellular changes. Functionally different G proteins have been...
G protein diversity: a distinct class of alpha subunits is present in vertebrates and invertebrates.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are integral to the signal transduction pathways that mediate the cell's response to many hormones, neuromodulators, and a variety of...
Thermostable chemotaxis proteins from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima.
Swanson, R V, Sanna, M G, Simon, M I
An expressed sequence tag homologous to cheA was previously isolated by random sequencing of Thermotoga maritima cDNA clones (C. W. Kim, P. Markiewicz, J. J. Lee, C. F. Schierle, and J. H. Miller, J....
Bacterial chemotaxis results from the ability of flagellated bacteria to control the frequency of switching between smooth-swimming and tumbling episodes in response to changes in concentration of...
Bourret, R B, Davagnino, J, Simon, M I
The CheA kinase is a central protein in the signal transduction network that controls chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. CheA receives information from a transmembrane receptor (e.g., Tar) and CheW...
Oosawa, K, Mutoh, N, Simon, M I
A gene encoding only the C-terminal portion of the receptor-transducer protein Tar of Escherichia coli was constructed. The gene product was detected and localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the...
The carboxy-terminal half of the Escherichia coli Tar chemoreceptor protein was cloned into an overproducing plasmid with the transcription of the insert under the control of the strong hybrid tac...
Nucleotide sequence corresponding to five chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli.
The nucleotide sequence of DNA which contains five chemotaxis-related genes of Escherichia coli, cheW, cheR, cheB, cheY, and cheZ, and part of the cheA gene was determined. Molecular weights of the...
The alternate expression of the Salmonella flagellin genes H1 and H2 is controlled by the orientation of a 995-base-pair invertible segment of DNA located at the 5' end of the H2 gene. The hin gene,...
Characterization of Escherichia coli chemotaxis receptor mutants with null phenotypes.
Mutoh, N, Oosawa, K, Simon, M I
Hydroxylamine mutagenesis was used to alter the tar gene that encodes the transmembrane Tar protein required for chemotaxis. Mutants defective in chemotaxis were selected, and the mutation was...
Localization of proteins controlling motility and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli.
Ridgway, H G, Silverman, M, Simon, M I
Flagellar proteins controlling motility and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli were selectively labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine. This distribution of these proteins in subcellular fractions was...
Classification of Bacillus subtilis flagellins.
Simon, M I, Emerson, S U, Shaper, J H, Bernard, P D, Glazer, A N
Purified flagellins derived from 16 strains of Bacillus subtilis were classified into at least five distinct groups on the basis of their reaction with antiflagellar filament antibody and...
Purification and Partial Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Flagellar Hooks1
A method for preparing bacterial flagellar hook structures is described. The method involves isolating intact flagella from a mutant which makes thermally labile flagellar filaments and heat-treating...
Division Mutants of Bacillus subtilis: Isolation and PBS1 Transduction of Division-Specific Markers1
A procedure for the isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants that appear to be defective in septum synthesis has been described. Fourteen mutants isolated with this technique were found to be located...
Fong, H K, Yoshimoto, K K, Eversole-Cire, P, Simon, M I
Recent molecular cloning of cDNA for the alpha subunit of bovine transducin (a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein, or G protein) has revealed the presence of two retinal-specific...
Isolation of the gene encoding the Hin recombinational enhancer binding protein.
Johnson, R C, Ball, C A, Pfeffer, D, Simon, M I
In vitro DNA inversion mediated by the protein Hin requires the presence of a recombinational enhancer sequence located in cis relative to the recombination sites and a protein, Fis, which binds to...
Borkovich, K A, Kaplan, N, Hess, J F, Simon, M I
Signal transduction in Escherichia coli involves the interaction of transmembrane receptor proteins such as the aspartate receptor, Tar, and the products of four chemotaxis genes, cheA, cheY, cheW,...
The tsr and tar genetic loci of Escherichia coli determine the presence in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) I and II,...
Diversity of the G-protein family: sequences from five additional alpha subunits in the mouse.
Strathmann, M, Wilkie, T M, Simon, M I
Biochemical analysis has revealed a number of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) that mediate signal transduction in mammalian systems. Characterization of their cDNAs...
Transcriptional regulatory regions of testis-specific PGK2 defined in transgenic mice.
Robinson, M O, McCarrey, J R, Simon, M I
The gene encoding testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK; ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) is expressed only in meiotic and haploid male germ cells. Transgenic mice...
Protein phosphorylation is involved in bacterial chemotaxis.
Hess, J F, Oosawa, K, Matsumura, P, Simon, M I
The nature of the biochemical signal that is involved in the excitation response in bacterial chemotaxis is not known. However, ATP is required for chemotaxis. We have purified all of the proteins...
Computer simulation of the phosphorylation cascade controlling bacterial chemotaxis.
Bray, D, Bourret, R B, Simon, M I
We have developed a computer program that simulates the intracellular reactions mediating the rapid (nonadaptive) chemotactic response of Escherichia coli bacteria to the attractant aspartate and the...
Fong, H K, Amatruda, T T, Birren, B W, Simon, M I
Two distinct beta subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins have been identified by cDNA cloning and are referred to as beta 1 and beta 2 subunits. The bovine transducin beta subunit...
Stable propagation of cosmid sized human DNA inserts in an F factor based vector.
Kim, U J, Shizuya, H, De Jong, P J, Birren, B, Simon, M I
Instability of complex mammalian genomic DNA inserts is commonplace in cosmid libraries constructed in conventional multicopy vectors. To develop a means to construct stable libraries, we have...
Diphtheria toxin forms transmembrane channels in planar lipid bilayers.
Donovan, J J, Simon, M I, Draper, R K, Montal, M
When exposed to a lipid bilayer, diphtheria toxin binds to it and forms transmembrane, voltage-dependent, anion-selective channels. The mean (+/- SD) conductance of these channels in asolectin...
Fong, H K, Hurley, J B, Hopkins, R S, Miake-Lye, R, Johnson, M S, Doolittle, R F, ...
Retinal transducin, a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (referred to as a G protein) that activates a cGMP phosphodiesterase in photoreceptor cells, is comprised of three subunits. We have...
Singer-Sam, J, Robinson, M O, Bellvé, A R, Simon, M I, Riggs, A D
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) was used quantitatively to measure accumulated levels of RNA transcripts in total mouse RNAs derived from male germ cells at various...
Birren, B W, Simon, M I, Lai, E
We have previously shown that asymmetric-voltage field inversion electrophoresis produces more uniform separation for fragments between 1 and 50 kilobases (kb) than other modes of pulsed field gel...
We describe a technique that uses reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to rapidly quantitate numbers of specific mRNA transcripts from nanogram quantities of total cellular...
Optimized conditions for pulsed field gel electrophoretic separations of DNA.
Birren, B W, Lai, E, Clark, S M, Hood, L, Simon, M I
Quantitative measurement of DNA migration in gel electrophoresis requires precisely controlled homogeneous electric fields. A new electrophoresis system has allowed us to explore several parameters...
Homologous and unique G protein alpha subunits in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Lochrie, M A, Mendel, J E, Sternberg, P W, Simon, M I
A cDNA corresponding to a known G protein alpha subunit, the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha), was isolated and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of C. elegans Go alpha is 80-87% identical...
Chromosomal mapping of murine c-fes and c-src genes.
Blatt, C, Harper, M E, Franchini, G, Nesbitt, M N, Simon, M I
The murine homologs of two viral oncogenes associated with tyrosine-specific kinase activity have been assigned to different loci in the mouse genome. The segregation of restriction site...
New unified nomenclature for the flagellar genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Iino, T, Komeda, Y, Kutsukake, K, Macnab, R M, Matsumura, P, Parkinson, J S, ...
Primary structure of the M subunit of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
Williams, J. C., Steiner, L. A., Ogden, R. C., Simon, M. I., Feher, G.
The reaction center is a membrane-bound bacteriochlorophyll-protein complex that mediates the primary photochemical events in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The previously...
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the gamma subunit of bovine retinal transducin.
Hurley, J B, Fong, H K, Teplow, D B, Dreyer, W J, Simon, M I
We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone that encodes the gamma subunit of transducin, the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein found in vertebrate photoreceptors. The gamma subunit...
Primary structure of the L subunit of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
Williams, J C, Steiner, L A, Feher, G, Simon, M I
The reaction center is an integral membrane protein that, together with several cofactors, mediates the primary photochemical events in bacterial photosynthesis. The amino-terminal sequences of the...
Cloning of the Vibrio harveyi luciferase genes: use of a synthetic oligonucleotide probe.
Cohn, D H, Ogden, R C, Abelson, J N, Baldwin, T O, Nealson, K H, Simon, M I, ...
A mixed-sequence synthetic oligonucleotide probe was used to isolate a clone containing the gene encoding the alpha subunit of bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi and part of the gene coding for...
Chromosomal mapping of the mink cell focus-inducing and xenotropic env gene family in the mouse.
Blatt, C, Mileham, K, Haas, M, Nesbitt, M N, Harper, M E, Simon, M I
Chromosomal locations of members of the xenotropic-related env gene family in the mouse genome have been determined. Endonuclease restriction site polymorphisms detected by molecular hybridization...
Chimeric chemosensory transducers of Escherichia coli.
Krikos, A, Conley, M P, Boyd, A, Berg, H C, Simon, M I
The tar and tsr genes of Escherichia coli encode homologous transducer proteins that mediate distinct chemotactic responses. We report here the construction of two tasr chimeric genes in which the 5'...
Kant, J A, Fornace, A J, Saxe, D, Simon, M I, McBride, O W, Crabtree, G R
Human fibrinogen cDNA probes for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-polypeptide chains have been used to isolate the corresponding genes from human genomic libraries. There is a single copy of each gene....
Diphtheria toxin has the properties of a lectin.
Draper, R K, Chin, D, Simon, M I
The inhibition of protein synthesis in Chinese hamster V79 cells by diphtheria toxin is antagonized by the lectins concanavalin A, succinylated concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin but not by...
The hybrid histidine kinase DokA is part of the osmotic response system of Dictyostelium.
Schuster, S C, Noegel, A A, Oehme, F, Gerisch, G, Simon, M I
We have used PCR to identify a Dictyostelium homolog of the bacterial two-component system. The gene dokA codes for a member of the hybrid histidine kinase family which is defined by the presence of...
We have devised a generally applicable strategy for analysis of protein structure and have applied it to examine the structure of the transmembrane portion of the Tar receptor of Escherichia coli....
Chaffin, K E, Beals, C R, Wilkie, T M, Forbush, K A, Simon, M I, Perlmutter, R M
Stimulation of the T lymphocyte antigen receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) causes T cell activation by a process associated with increased phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity....
Hughes, K T, Gaines, P C, Karlinsey, J E, Vinayak, R, Simon, M I
The Hin recombinase of Salmonella catalyzes a site-specific recombination event which leads to flagellar phase variation. Starting with a fully symmetrical recombination site, hixC, a set of 40...
Embryonic cardiomyocyte hypoplasia and craniofacial defects in G alpha q/G alpha 11-mutant mice.
Offermanns, S, Zhao, L P, Gohla, A, Sarosi, I, Simon, M I, Wilkie, T M
Heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gq class have been implicated in signaling pathways regulating cardiac growth under physiological and pathological conditions. Knockout mice carrying inactivating...
Mao, J, Xie, W, Yuan, H, Simon, M I, Mano, H, Wu, D
A transient transfection system was used to identify regulators and effectors for Tec and Bmx, members of the Tec non-receptor tyrosine kinase family. We found that Tec and Bmx activate serum...
Chen, J, Flannery, J G, LaVail, M M, Steinberg, R H, Xu, J, Simon, M I
Apoptosis of photoreceptors occurs infrequently in adult retina but can be triggered in inherited and environmentally induced retinal degenerations. The protooncogene bcl-2 is known to be a potent...
A bacterial artificial chromosome-based framework contig map of human chromosome 22q.
Kim, U J, Shizuya, H, Kang, H L, Choi, S S, Garrett, C L, Smink, L J, ...
We have constructed a physical map of human chromosome 22q using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. The map consists of 613 chromosome 22-specific BAC clones that have been localized and...
Hyphal development in Neurospora crassa: involvement of a two-component histidine kinase.
Alex, L A, Borkovich, K A, Simon, M I
Two-component signal transduction systems are most often found in prokaryotic organisms where they are responsible for mediating the cellular responses to many environmental stimuli. These systems...
The beta and gamma subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding (G protein) act as a dimer and directly regulate various signal transduction pathways. By using cotransfection assays, we...
The N terminus of phosducin is involved in binding of beta gamma subunits of G protein.
Xu, J, Wu, D, Slepak, V Z, Simon, M I
Phosducin is a soluble phosphoprotein found in retinal photoreceptor cells and in the pineal gland. It binds to the beta gamma subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (G beta...
Chen, J, Tucker, C L, Woodford, B, Szél, A, Lem, J, Gianella-Borradori, A, ...
Transgenic mouse lines were generated using either 3.8 or 1.1 kb of 5' upstream flanking sequence from the human blue opsin gene fused to the lacZ or human growth hormone reporter gene. Mice were...
Tsukada, S, Simon, M I, Witte, O N, Katz, A
Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) has been implicated as the defective gene in both human and murine B-cell deficiencies. The identification of molecules that interact with Btk may shed light on critical...
Cotransfection assays were used to show that the members of the GTP-binding protein Gq class of alpha subunits could activate phospholipase C (PLC) beta 2. Similar experiments also demonstrated that...
Kozasa, T, Hepler, J R, Smrcka, A V, Simon, M I, Rhee, S G, Sternweis, P C, ...
A cDNA encoding G16 alpha, the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein, was expressed in Sf9 cells using recombinant baculovirus. G16 alpha in membrane extracts of Sf9...
Lem, J, Flannery, J G, Li, T, Applebury, M L, Farber, D B, Simon, M I
The beta subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene has been identified as the candidate gene for retinal degeneration in the rd mouse. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying degeneration...
Attenuation of sensory receptor signaling by covalent modification.
Borkovich, K A, Alex, L A, Simon, M I
The Tar receptor is a transmembrane protein that regulates bacterial chemotaxis in response to changes in the level of aspartic acid in the medium. The extracellular portion of the protein can bind...
Transposon-facilitated DNA sequencing.
Strathmann, M, Hamilton, B A, Mayeda, C A, Simon, M I, Meyerowitz, E M, Palazzolo, M J
We describe here a transposon-based DNA sequencing strategy that allows the introduction of sequencing priming sites throughout a target sequence by bacterial mating. A miniplasmid was designed to...
G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 subunits define a fourth class of G protein alpha subunits.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) are central to the signaling processes of multicellular organisms. We have explored the diversity of the G protein subunits...
G alpha 16, a G protein alpha subunit specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells.
Amatruda, T T, Steele, D A, Slepak, V Z, Simon, M I
Signal-transduction pathways mediated by guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) determine many of the responses of hematopoietic cells. A recently identified gene encoding a G...
Wilkie, T M, Scherle, P A, Strathmann, M P, Slepak, V Z, Simon, M I
Murine G alpha 14 and G alpha 15 cDNAs encode distinct alpha subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). These alpha subunits are related to members of the Gq class...
Bourret, R B, Hess, J F, Simon, M I
The CheY protein is phosphorylated by CheA and dephosphorylated by CheZ as part of the chemotactic signal transduction pathway in Escherichia coli. Phosphorylation of CheY has been proposed to occur...
Strathmann, M, Wilkie, T M, Simon, M I
The alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Go ("o" for other) is believed to mediate signal transduction between a variety of receptors and effectors. cDNA clones encoding two forms...
G protein diversity is increased by associations with a variety of gamma subunits.
Gautam, N, Northup, J, Tamir, H, Simon, M I
Guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) are heterotrimeric proteins that transduce extracellular signals into intracellular changes. Functionally different G proteins have been...
G protein diversity: a distinct class of alpha subunits is present in vertebrates and invertebrates.
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are integral to the signal transduction pathways that mediate the cell's response to many hormones, neuromodulators, and a variety of...
Thermostable chemotaxis proteins from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima.
Swanson, R V, Sanna, M G, Simon, M I
An expressed sequence tag homologous to cheA was previously isolated by random sequencing of Thermotoga maritima cDNA clones (C. W. Kim, P. Markiewicz, J. J. Lee, C. F. Schierle, and J. H. Miller, J....
Bacterial chemotaxis results from the ability of flagellated bacteria to control the frequency of switching between smooth-swimming and tumbling episodes in response to changes in concentration of...
Bourret, R B, Davagnino, J, Simon, M I
The CheA kinase is a central protein in the signal transduction network that controls chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. CheA receives information from a transmembrane receptor (e.g., Tar) and CheW...
Oosawa, K, Mutoh, N, Simon, M I
A gene encoding only the C-terminal portion of the receptor-transducer protein Tar of Escherichia coli was constructed. The gene product was detected and localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the...
The carboxy-terminal half of the Escherichia coli Tar chemoreceptor protein was cloned into an overproducing plasmid with the transcription of the insert under the control of the strong hybrid tac...
Nucleotide sequence corresponding to five chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli.
The nucleotide sequence of DNA which contains five chemotaxis-related genes of Escherichia coli, cheW, cheR, cheB, cheY, and cheZ, and part of the cheA gene was determined. Molecular weights of the...
The alternate expression of the Salmonella flagellin genes H1 and H2 is controlled by the orientation of a 995-base-pair invertible segment of DNA located at the 5' end of the H2 gene. The hin gene,...
Characterization of Escherichia coli chemotaxis receptor mutants with null phenotypes.
Mutoh, N, Oosawa, K, Simon, M I
Hydroxylamine mutagenesis was used to alter the tar gene that encodes the transmembrane Tar protein required for chemotaxis. Mutants defective in chemotaxis were selected, and the mutation was...
Localization of proteins controlling motility and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli.
Ridgway, H G, Silverman, M, Simon, M I
Flagellar proteins controlling motility and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli were selectively labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine. This distribution of these proteins in subcellular fractions was...
Classification of Bacillus subtilis flagellins.
Simon, M I, Emerson, S U, Shaper, J H, Bernard, P D, Glazer, A N
Purified flagellins derived from 16 strains of Bacillus subtilis were classified into at least five distinct groups on the basis of their reaction with antiflagellar filament antibody and...
Purification and Partial Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Flagellar Hooks1
A method for preparing bacterial flagellar hook structures is described. The method involves isolating intact flagella from a mutant which makes thermally labile flagellar filaments and heat-treating...
Division Mutants of Bacillus subtilis: Isolation and PBS1 Transduction of Division-Specific Markers1
A procedure for the isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants that appear to be defective in septum synthesis has been described. Fourteen mutants isolated with this technique were found to be located...
Fong, H K, Yoshimoto, K K, Eversole-Cire, P, Simon, M I
Recent molecular cloning of cDNA for the alpha subunit of bovine transducin (a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein, or G protein) has revealed the presence of two retinal-specific...
Isolation of the gene encoding the Hin recombinational enhancer binding protein.
Johnson, R C, Ball, C A, Pfeffer, D, Simon, M I
In vitro DNA inversion mediated by the protein Hin requires the presence of a recombinational enhancer sequence located in cis relative to the recombination sites and a protein, Fis, which binds to...
Borkovich, K A, Kaplan, N, Hess, J F, Simon, M I
Signal transduction in Escherichia coli involves the interaction of transmembrane receptor proteins such as the aspartate receptor, Tar, and the products of four chemotaxis genes, cheA, cheY, cheW,...
The tsr and tar genetic loci of Escherichia coli determine the presence in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) I and II,...
Diversity of the G-protein family: sequences from five additional alpha subunits in the mouse.
Strathmann, M, Wilkie, T M, Simon, M I
Biochemical analysis has revealed a number of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) that mediate signal transduction in mammalian systems. Characterization of their cDNAs...
Transcriptional regulatory regions of testis-specific PGK2 defined in transgenic mice.
Robinson, M O, McCarrey, J R, Simon, M I
The gene encoding testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK; ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) is expressed only in meiotic and haploid male germ cells. Transgenic mice...
Protein phosphorylation is involved in bacterial chemotaxis.
Hess, J F, Oosawa, K, Matsumura, P, Simon, M I
The nature of the biochemical signal that is involved in the excitation response in bacterial chemotaxis is not known. However, ATP is required for chemotaxis. We have purified all of the proteins...
Computer simulation of the phosphorylation cascade controlling bacterial chemotaxis.
Bray, D, Bourret, R B, Simon, M I
We have developed a computer program that simulates the intracellular reactions mediating the rapid (nonadaptive) chemotactic response of Escherichia coli bacteria to the attractant aspartate and the...
Fong, H K, Amatruda, T T, Birren, B W, Simon, M I
Two distinct beta subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins have been identified by cDNA cloning and are referred to as beta 1 and beta 2 subunits. The bovine transducin beta subunit...
Stable propagation of cosmid sized human DNA inserts in an F factor based vector.
Kim, U J, Shizuya, H, De Jong, P J, Birren, B, Simon, M I
Instability of complex mammalian genomic DNA inserts is commonplace in cosmid libraries constructed in conventional multicopy vectors. To develop a means to construct stable libraries, we have...
Diphtheria toxin forms transmembrane channels in planar lipid bilayers.
Donovan, J J, Simon, M I, Draper, R K, Montal, M
When exposed to a lipid bilayer, diphtheria toxin binds to it and forms transmembrane, voltage-dependent, anion-selective channels. The mean (+/- SD) conductance of these channels in asolectin...
Fong, H K, Hurley, J B, Hopkins, R S, Miake-Lye, R, Johnson, M S, Doolittle, R F, ...
Retinal transducin, a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (referred to as a G protein) that activates a cGMP phosphodiesterase in photoreceptor cells, is comprised of three subunits. We have...
Singer-Sam, J, Robinson, M O, Bellvé, A R, Simon, M I, Riggs, A D
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) was used quantitatively to measure accumulated levels of RNA transcripts in total mouse RNAs derived from male germ cells at various...
Birren, B W, Simon, M I, Lai, E
We have previously shown that asymmetric-voltage field inversion electrophoresis produces more uniform separation for fragments between 1 and 50 kilobases (kb) than other modes of pulsed field gel...
We describe a technique that uses reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to rapidly quantitate numbers of specific mRNA transcripts from nanogram quantities of total cellular...
Optimized conditions for pulsed field gel electrophoretic separations of DNA.
Birren, B W, Lai, E, Clark, S M, Hood, L, Simon, M I
Quantitative measurement of DNA migration in gel electrophoresis requires precisely controlled homogeneous electric fields. A new electrophoresis system has allowed us to explore several parameters...
Homologous and unique G protein alpha subunits in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Lochrie, M A, Mendel, J E, Sternberg, P W, Simon, M I
A cDNA corresponding to a known G protein alpha subunit, the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha), was isolated and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of C. elegans Go alpha is 80-87% identical...
Chromosomal mapping of murine c-fes and c-src genes.
Blatt, C, Harper, M E, Franchini, G, Nesbitt, M N, Simon, M I
The murine homologs of two viral oncogenes associated with tyrosine-specific kinase activity have been assigned to different loci in the mouse genome. The segregation of restriction site...
New unified nomenclature for the flagellar genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Iino, T, Komeda, Y, Kutsukake, K, Macnab, R M, Matsumura, P, Parkinson, J S, ...
Primary structure of the M subunit of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
Williams, J. C., Steiner, L. A., Ogden, R. C., Simon, M. I., Feher, G.
The reaction center is a membrane-bound bacteriochlorophyll-protein complex that mediates the primary photochemical events in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The previously...
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the gamma subunit of bovine retinal transducin.
Hurley, J B, Fong, H K, Teplow, D B, Dreyer, W J, Simon, M I
We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone that encodes the gamma subunit of transducin, the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein found in vertebrate photoreceptors. The gamma subunit...
Primary structure of the L subunit of the reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
Williams, J C, Steiner, L A, Feher, G, Simon, M I
The reaction center is an integral membrane protein that, together with several cofactors, mediates the primary photochemical events in bacterial photosynthesis. The amino-terminal sequences of the...
Cloning of the Vibrio harveyi luciferase genes: use of a synthetic oligonucleotide probe.
Cohn, D H, Ogden, R C, Abelson, J N, Baldwin, T O, Nealson, K H, Simon, M I, ...
A mixed-sequence synthetic oligonucleotide probe was used to isolate a clone containing the gene encoding the alpha subunit of bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi and part of the gene coding for...
Chromosomal mapping of the mink cell focus-inducing and xenotropic env gene family in the mouse.
Blatt, C, Mileham, K, Haas, M, Nesbitt, M N, Harper, M E, Simon, M I
Chromosomal locations of members of the xenotropic-related env gene family in the mouse genome have been determined. Endonuclease restriction site polymorphisms detected by molecular hybridization...
Chimeric chemosensory transducers of Escherichia coli.
Krikos, A, Conley, M P, Boyd, A, Berg, H C, Simon, M I
The tar and tsr genes of Escherichia coli encode homologous transducer proteins that mediate distinct chemotactic responses. We report here the construction of two tasr chimeric genes in which the 5'...
Kant, J A, Fornace, A J, Saxe, D, Simon, M I, McBride, O W, Crabtree, G R
Human fibrinogen cDNA probes for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-polypeptide chains have been used to isolate the corresponding genes from human genomic libraries. There is a single copy of each gene....
Diphtheria toxin has the properties of a lectin.
Draper, R K, Chin, D, Simon, M I
The inhibition of protein synthesis in Chinese hamster V79 cells by diphtheria toxin is antagonized by the lectins concanavalin A, succinylated concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin but not by...
The hybrid histidine kinase DokA is part of the osmotic response system of Dictyostelium.
Schuster, S C, Noegel, A A, Oehme, F, Gerisch, G, Simon, M I
We have used PCR to identify a Dictyostelium homolog of the bacterial two-component system. The gene dokA codes for a member of the hybrid histidine kinase family which is defined by the presence of...
We have devised a generally applicable strategy for analysis of protein structure and have applied it to examine the structure of the transmembrane portion of the Tar receptor of Escherichia coli....
Chaffin, K E, Beals, C R, Wilkie, T M, Forbush, K A, Simon, M I, Perlmutter, R M
Stimulation of the T lymphocyte antigen receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) causes T cell activation by a process associated with increased phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity....
Hughes, K T, Gaines, P C, Karlinsey, J E, Vinayak, R, Simon, M I
The Hin recombinase of Salmonella catalyzes a site-specific recombination event which leads to flagellar phase variation. Starting with a fully symmetrical recombination site, hixC, a set of 40...
Embryonic cardiomyocyte hypoplasia and craniofacial defects in G alpha q/G alpha 11-mutant mice.
Offermanns, S, Zhao, L P, Gohla, A, Sarosi, I, Simon, M I, Wilkie, T M
Heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gq class have been implicated in signaling pathways regulating cardiac growth under physiological and pathological conditions. Knockout mice carrying inactivating...
Mao, J, Xie, W, Yuan, H, Simon, M I, Mano, H, Wu, D
A transient transfection system was used to identify regulators and effectors for Tec and Bmx, members of the Tec non-receptor tyrosine kinase family. We found that Tec and Bmx activate serum...
Usher, K. C., De La Cruz, A. F., Dahlquist, F. W., Swanson, R. V., Simon, M. I., Remington, S. J.
The crystal structure of CheY protein from Thermotoga maritima has been determined in four crystal forms with and without Mg++ bound, at up to 1.9 A resolution. Structural comparisons with CheY from...
Recoverin Regulates Light-dependent Phosphodiesterase Activity in Retinal Rods
Makino, Clint L., Dodd, R.L., Chen, J., Burns, M.E., Roca, A., Simon, M.I., ...
The Ca2+-binding protein recoverin may regulate visual transduction in retinal rods and cones, but its functional role and mechanism of action remain controversial. We compared the photoresponses of...