Chung, T D, Cianci, C, Hagen, M, Terry, B, Matthews, J T, Krystal, M, ...
A synthetic 67-nt RNA substrate, containing a 32P-labeled cap-1 structure (m7G32pppGm) was specifically cleaved by the influenza virus RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) to yield a single capped 11-nt...
Rescue of a foreign gene by Sendai virus.
Park, K H, Huang, T, Correia, F F, Krystal, M
A simple protocol for the rescue of a synthetic genome into a paramyxovirus has been developed. First, a synthetic Sendai virus-like RNA, containing the antisense coding region of the chloramphenicol...
Introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of influenza virus.
Enami, M, Luytjes, W, Krystal, M, Palese, P
We succeeded in rescuing infectious influenza virus by transfecting cells with RNAs derived from specific recombinant DNAs. RNA corresponding to the neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/WSN/33...
Kurtz, S, Luo, G, Hahnenberger, K M, Brooks, C, Gecha, O, Ingalls, K, ...
The gene encoding M2, the ion channel-forming protein of influenza virus A, was expressed under the control of an inducible promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using single and multicopy...
Differential activation of the influenza virus polymerase via template RNA binding.
Cianci, C, Tiley, L, Krystal, M
Primary transcripts synthesized by the influenza virus polymerase contain the capped 5' ends of eukaryotic mRNAs. These sequences are derived from host mRNA and scavenged by the viral polymerase as a...
Tu, Q, Pinto, L H, Luo, G, Shaughnessy, M A, Mullaney, D, Kurtz, S, ...
The influenza A virus M2 integral membrane protein has ion channel activity that can be inhibited by the antiviral drug amantadine. Recently, a spirene-containing compound, BL-1743 (2-[3-azaspiro...
Molecular mechanism underlying the action of a novel fusion inhibitor of influenza A virus.
Luo, G, Torri, A, Harte, W E, Danetz, S, Cianci, C, Tiley, L, ...
In the initial stages of influenza virus infection, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus mediates both adsorption and penetration of the virus into the host cell. Recently, we identified...
Tiley, L S, Hagen, M, Matthews, J T, Krystal, M
The enzymatic activity of recombinant influenza virus RNA polymerase is strictly dependent on the addition of a template RNA containing 5' and 3' viral sequences. Here we report the analysis of the...
Hagen, M, Chung, T D, Butcher, J A, Krystal, M
Influenza virus polymerase complexes that were expressed in the absence of genomic viral RNA and nucleoprotein were examined for endonuclease activity and transcriptase ability in vitro. Nuclear...
In vivo model for pseudo-templated transcription in Sendai virus.
A synthetic Sendai virus-like recombinant RNA was used to develop a model system for pseudo-templated transcription of the P/C gene. The synthetic RNA molecule contains a 42-base stretch of...
Huang, T, Pavlovic, J, Staeheli, P, Krystal, M
The murine Mx1 protein is an interferon-inducible protein which confers selective resistance to influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. The precise mechanism by which the murine Mx1...
Determination of influenza virus proteins required for genome replication.
Huang, T S, Palese, P, Krystal, M
An artificial vaccinia virus vector-driven replication system for influenza virus RNA has been developed. In this system, a synthetic NS-like gene is replicated and expressed by influenza virus...
Promoter analysis of influenza virus RNA polymerase.
Parvin, J D, Palese, P, Honda, A, Ishihama, A, Krystal, M
Influenza virus polymerase, which was prepared depleted of viral RNA, was used to copy small RNA templates prepared from plasmid-encoded sequences. Template constructions containing only the 3' end...
Influenza C virus RNA 7 codes for a nonstructural protein.
Nakada, S, Graves, P N, Desselberger, U, Creager, R S, Krystal, M, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 7 of influenza C/California/78 virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from viral RNA. The gene is 934 nucleotides long and possesses a long...
Evidence that the matrix protein of influenza C virus is coded for by a spliced mRNA.
Yamashita, M, Krystal, M, Palese, P
In contrast to influenza A and B viruses, which encode their matrix (M) proteins via an unspliced mRNA, the influenza C virus M protein appears to be coded for by a spliced mRNA from RNA segment 6....
Two nuclear location signals in the influenza virus NS1 nonstructural protein.
Greenspan, D, Palese, P, Krystal, M
The NS1 protein of influenza A virus has been shown to enter and accumulate in the nuclei of virus-infected cells independently of any other influenza viral protein. Therefore, the NS1 protein...
Greenspan, D, Krystal, M, Nakada, S, Arnheiter, H, Lyles, D S, Palese, P
The nonstructural NS2 protein of influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was efficiently expressed in bacteria, and monospecific antisera were prepared against the bacterially synthesized polypeptide. These...
Analysis of an influenza A virus mutant with a deletion in the NS segment.
Buonagurio, D A, Krystal, M, Palese, P, DeBorde, D C, Maassab, H F
The influenza virus host range mutant CR43-3, derived by recombination from the A/Alaska/6/77 and the cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive A/Ann Arbor/6/60 viruses, has previously been shown to...
Influenza C virus hemagglutinin: comparison with influenza A and B virus hemagglutinins.
Nakada, S, Creager, R S, Krystal, M, Aaronson, R P, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza C/California/78 virus RNA 4 was obtained by using cloned cDNA derived from the RNA segment. This gene is 2,071 nucleotides long and can code for a...
Sequential mutations in the NS genes of influenza virus field strains.
Krystal, M, Buonagurio, D, Young, J F, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequences of the NS genes from three human influenza viruses, A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), A/FW/1/50 (H1N1), and A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1), were determined. Only five single-base differences...
Hsu, M T, Parvin, J D, Gupta, S, Krystal, M, Palese, P
The viral RNA segments in influenza virions were shown to be circular in conformation by using psoralen crosslinking methods. Electron microscopy of purified RNA following treatment of virus with the...
Krystal, M, Li, R, Lyles, D, Pavlakis, G, Palese, P
Transformed cell lines derived from murine C127 cells were constructed that express the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins (PA, PB1, and PB2). Cell lines that express only one or...
Miesfeld, R, Krystal, M, Arnheim, N
A new class of human interspersed repeated sequences distinct from the AluI family was found by screening a human gene library with a mouse ribosomal gene non-transcribed spacer probe (rDNA NTS). A...
Krystal, M, Elliott, R M, Benz, E W, Young, J F, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of a type B influenza virus (B/Lee/40) was obtained by using cloned cDNA derived from the RNA segment. The gene is 1,882 nucleotides...
Human nucleolus organizers on nonhomologous chromosomes can share the same ribosomal gene variants.
Krystal, M, D'Eustachio, P, Ruddle, F H, Arnheim, N
The distributions of three human ribosomal gene polymorphisms among individual chromosomes containing nucleolus organizers were analyzed by using mouse--human hybrid cells. Different nucleolus...
Arnheim, N, Krystal, M, Schmickel, R, Wilson, G, Ryder, O, Zimmer, E
We have found that human and ape ribosomal genes undergo concerted evolution involving genetic exchanges among nucleolus organizers on nonhomologous chromosomes. This conclusion is based upon...
Krystal, M, Young, J F, Palese, P, Wilson, I A, Skehel, J J, Wiley, D C
Comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences of hemagglutinins (HAs) of influenza B/Lee/40, B/Md/59, and B/HK/73 viruses has allowed examination of the molecular basis of antigenic variation in...
Chung, T D, Cianci, C, Hagen, M, Terry, B, Matthews, J T, Krystal, M, ...
A synthetic 67-nt RNA substrate, containing a 32P-labeled cap-1 structure (m7G32pppGm) was specifically cleaved by the influenza virus RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) to yield a single capped 11-nt...
Rescue of a foreign gene by Sendai virus.
Park, K H, Huang, T, Correia, F F, Krystal, M
A simple protocol for the rescue of a synthetic genome into a paramyxovirus has been developed. First, a synthetic Sendai virus-like RNA, containing the antisense coding region of the chloramphenicol...
Introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of influenza virus.
Enami, M, Luytjes, W, Krystal, M, Palese, P
We succeeded in rescuing infectious influenza virus by transfecting cells with RNAs derived from specific recombinant DNAs. RNA corresponding to the neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/WSN/33...
Kurtz, S, Luo, G, Hahnenberger, K M, Brooks, C, Gecha, O, Ingalls, K, ...
The gene encoding M2, the ion channel-forming protein of influenza virus A, was expressed under the control of an inducible promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using single and multicopy...
Differential activation of the influenza virus polymerase via template RNA binding.
Cianci, C, Tiley, L, Krystal, M
Primary transcripts synthesized by the influenza virus polymerase contain the capped 5' ends of eukaryotic mRNAs. These sequences are derived from host mRNA and scavenged by the viral polymerase as a...
Tu, Q, Pinto, L H, Luo, G, Shaughnessy, M A, Mullaney, D, Kurtz, S, ...
The influenza A virus M2 integral membrane protein has ion channel activity that can be inhibited by the antiviral drug amantadine. Recently, a spirene-containing compound, BL-1743 (2-[3-azaspiro...
Molecular mechanism underlying the action of a novel fusion inhibitor of influenza A virus.
Luo, G, Torri, A, Harte, W E, Danetz, S, Cianci, C, Tiley, L, ...
In the initial stages of influenza virus infection, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus mediates both adsorption and penetration of the virus into the host cell. Recently, we identified...
Tiley, L S, Hagen, M, Matthews, J T, Krystal, M
The enzymatic activity of recombinant influenza virus RNA polymerase is strictly dependent on the addition of a template RNA containing 5' and 3' viral sequences. Here we report the analysis of the...
Hagen, M, Chung, T D, Butcher, J A, Krystal, M
Influenza virus polymerase complexes that were expressed in the absence of genomic viral RNA and nucleoprotein were examined for endonuclease activity and transcriptase ability in vitro. Nuclear...
In vivo model for pseudo-templated transcription in Sendai virus.
A synthetic Sendai virus-like recombinant RNA was used to develop a model system for pseudo-templated transcription of the P/C gene. The synthetic RNA molecule contains a 42-base stretch of...
Huang, T, Pavlovic, J, Staeheli, P, Krystal, M
The murine Mx1 protein is an interferon-inducible protein which confers selective resistance to influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. The precise mechanism by which the murine Mx1...
Determination of influenza virus proteins required for genome replication.
Huang, T S, Palese, P, Krystal, M
An artificial vaccinia virus vector-driven replication system for influenza virus RNA has been developed. In this system, a synthetic NS-like gene is replicated and expressed by influenza virus...
Promoter analysis of influenza virus RNA polymerase.
Parvin, J D, Palese, P, Honda, A, Ishihama, A, Krystal, M
Influenza virus polymerase, which was prepared depleted of viral RNA, was used to copy small RNA templates prepared from plasmid-encoded sequences. Template constructions containing only the 3' end...
Influenza C virus RNA 7 codes for a nonstructural protein.
Nakada, S, Graves, P N, Desselberger, U, Creager, R S, Krystal, M, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 7 of influenza C/California/78 virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from viral RNA. The gene is 934 nucleotides long and possesses a long...
Evidence that the matrix protein of influenza C virus is coded for by a spliced mRNA.
Yamashita, M, Krystal, M, Palese, P
In contrast to influenza A and B viruses, which encode their matrix (M) proteins via an unspliced mRNA, the influenza C virus M protein appears to be coded for by a spliced mRNA from RNA segment 6....
Two nuclear location signals in the influenza virus NS1 nonstructural protein.
Greenspan, D, Palese, P, Krystal, M
The NS1 protein of influenza A virus has been shown to enter and accumulate in the nuclei of virus-infected cells independently of any other influenza viral protein. Therefore, the NS1 protein...
Greenspan, D, Krystal, M, Nakada, S, Arnheiter, H, Lyles, D S, Palese, P
The nonstructural NS2 protein of influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was efficiently expressed in bacteria, and monospecific antisera were prepared against the bacterially synthesized polypeptide. These...
Analysis of an influenza A virus mutant with a deletion in the NS segment.
Buonagurio, D A, Krystal, M, Palese, P, DeBorde, D C, Maassab, H F
The influenza virus host range mutant CR43-3, derived by recombination from the A/Alaska/6/77 and the cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive A/Ann Arbor/6/60 viruses, has previously been shown to...
Influenza C virus hemagglutinin: comparison with influenza A and B virus hemagglutinins.
Nakada, S, Creager, R S, Krystal, M, Aaronson, R P, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza C/California/78 virus RNA 4 was obtained by using cloned cDNA derived from the RNA segment. This gene is 2,071 nucleotides long and can code for a...
Sequential mutations in the NS genes of influenza virus field strains.
Krystal, M, Buonagurio, D, Young, J F, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequences of the NS genes from three human influenza viruses, A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), A/FW/1/50 (H1N1), and A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1), were determined. Only five single-base differences...
Hsu, M T, Parvin, J D, Gupta, S, Krystal, M, Palese, P
The viral RNA segments in influenza virions were shown to be circular in conformation by using psoralen crosslinking methods. Electron microscopy of purified RNA following treatment of virus with the...
Krystal, M, Li, R, Lyles, D, Pavlakis, G, Palese, P
Transformed cell lines derived from murine C127 cells were constructed that express the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins (PA, PB1, and PB2). Cell lines that express only one or...
Miesfeld, R, Krystal, M, Arnheim, N
A new class of human interspersed repeated sequences distinct from the AluI family was found by screening a human gene library with a mouse ribosomal gene non-transcribed spacer probe (rDNA NTS). A...
Krystal, M, Elliott, R M, Benz, E W, Young, J F, Palese, P
The complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of a type B influenza virus (B/Lee/40) was obtained by using cloned cDNA derived from the RNA segment. The gene is 1,882 nucleotides...
Human nucleolus organizers on nonhomologous chromosomes can share the same ribosomal gene variants.
Krystal, M, D'Eustachio, P, Ruddle, F H, Arnheim, N
The distributions of three human ribosomal gene polymorphisms among individual chromosomes containing nucleolus organizers were analyzed by using mouse--human hybrid cells. Different nucleolus...
Arnheim, N, Krystal, M, Schmickel, R, Wilson, G, Ryder, O, Zimmer, E
We have found that human and ape ribosomal genes undergo concerted evolution involving genetic exchanges among nucleolus organizers on nonhomologous chromosomes. This conclusion is based upon...
Krystal, M, Young, J F, Palese, P, Wilson, I A, Skehel, J J, Wiley, D C
Comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences of hemagglutinins (HAs) of influenza B/Lee/40, B/Md/59, and B/HK/73 viruses has allowed examination of the molecular basis of antigenic variation in...