Kosowska, K., Jacobs, M. R., Bajaksouzian, S., Koeth, L., Appelbaum, P. C.
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 15 selected penicillin- and amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (MICs of 2 to 8 and 8 to 16 microg/ml, respectively) were studied. In...
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and...
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Conventional in vitro methods were used to determine the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), sub-MIC effects (SMEs), and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) of garenoxacin for a range of organisms....
Palavecino, E. L., Riedel, I., Berrios, X., Bajaksouzian, S., Johnson, D., Kaplan, E., ...
Thirty-two macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were found among 594 clinical isolates collected from 1990 to 1998 in Santiago, Chile, for an overall prevalence of 7.2%. Among the 32...
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...
Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (S(B))-resistant...
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Cronan, M., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C., Sutcliffe, J.
The mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. These mutants were...
Postantibiotic effects of gatifloxacin against gram-positive and -negative organisms. (1999)
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Gatifloxacin pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.5 to 4.0 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.2 to 4.8 h....
Postantibiotic effect of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and -negative organisms. (1998)
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Trovafloxacin pneumococcal and staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.7 to 1.8 and 0.7 to 2.4 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.4 to 4.4 h....
Pankuch, G. A., Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Susceptibility of 230 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, was tested by agar dilution, and results were compared with those of...
Fasola, E L, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R
Susceptibilities of 124 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were determined by the National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution...
Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and...
Fasola, E, Spangler, S K, Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C
Microdilution MIC testing was used to test the susceptibility of 202 pneumococci to LY 333328 and six other agents. LY 333328 was the most active glycopeptide (MIC at which 90% of the pneumococci...
Klopman, G, Fercu, D, Renau, T E, Jacobs, M R
We determined the MICs of 63 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex. Sixty-one of the compounds were selected...
Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Activity of CP 99,219 (trovafloxacin), clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfioxacin, lomefloxacin and cefuroxime against 4 penicillin-susceptible, 2 penicillin-intermedi ate and 4 penicillin-resistant...
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Agar dilution and E-test MICs of penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxycillin, amoxycillin/ clavulanate and cefotaxime were determined against 189 pneumococci. Addition of clavulanate did not influence...
Klopman, G, Li, J Y, Wang, S, Pearson, A J, Chang, K, Jacobs, M R, ...
The relationship between the structures of quinolones and their anti-Mycobacterium avium activities has been previously derived by using the Multiple Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation program....
Characterization of a {beta}-lactamase from Clostridium clostridioforme (1994)
Appelbaum, P. C., Spangler, S. K., Pankuch, G. A., Philippon, A., Jacobs, M. R., Shiman, R., ...
A β-lactamase-producing strain of Clostridium clostridioforme isolated from human peritoneal fluid was examined by MIC testing and enzyme characterization. MICs of penicillins (64–512 mg/L)...
Anti-Mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: in vitro activities. (1993)
Klopman, G, Wang, S, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Edmonds, K, Ellner, J J
The MICs of 88 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellular complex were determined. Agents tested included ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin (PD...
Anti-Mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: structure-activity relationship studies. (1993)
Klopman, G, Wang, S, Jacobs, M R, Ellner, J J
The structures and inhibitory activities of 88 quinolones, previously studied as potential in vitro inhibitors of 14 selected strains of Mycobacterium avium complex, were examined in an effort to...
Spangler, S. K., Jacobs, M. R., Pankuch, G. A., Appelbaum, P. C.
MICs of six oral cephalosporins (cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime and Ro 40-6890), four quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, OPC-171 16 and fleroxacm), desacetylcefotaxime, Ro...
Appelbaum, P. C., Spangler, S. K., Jacobs, M. R.
Susceptibilities of 539 Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes were tested by agar dilution against 15 new and existing antimicrobial agents. Organisms included 218 Bacteroides fragilis group...
Jacobs, M. R., Spangler, S. K., Appelbaum, P. C.
β-Lactamase production and agar dilution sensitivities to amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem and metronidazole were determined...
Appelbaum, P. C., Spangler, S. K., Crotty, E., Jacobs, M. R.
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antibiotics were determined by agar dilution on 123 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (65 penicillin sensitive, 42 intermediate resistant and 16...
Jacobs, M. R., Gaspar, M. N., Robins-Browne, R. M., Koornhof, H. J.
Detection of decreased penicillin susceptibility of pneumococci has become increasingly important in view of the emergence of significant resistance. This study investigated the value of various...
Postantibiotic Effects of Gatifloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Gatifloxacin pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.5 to 4.0 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.2 to 4.8 h....
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Cronan, M., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C., Sutcliffe, J.
The mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. These mutants were...
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...
Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (SB)-resistant...
Prevalence and Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes in Santiago, Chile
Palavecino, E. L., Riedel, I., Berrios, X., Bajaksouzian, S., Johnson, D., Kaplan, E., ...
Thirty-two macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were found among 594 clinical isolates collected from 1990 to 1998 in Santiago, Chile, for an overall prevalence of 7.2%. Among the 32...
Pankuch, G. A., Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Susceptibility of 230 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, was tested by agar dilution, and results were compared with those of...
Postantibiotic Effect of Trovafloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Trovafloxacin pneumococcal and staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.7 to 1.8 and 0.7 to 2.4 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.4 to 4.4 h....
Postantibiotic Effects of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 12 Gram-Positive or -Negative Organisms
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Conventional in vitro methods were used to determine the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), sub-MIC effects (SMEs), and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) of garenoxacin for a range of organisms....
Activities of oral and parenteral agents against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.
Pankuch, G A, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
This study examined bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of oral and parenteral antibiotics for penicillin-susceptible and intermediately and fully penicillin-resistant pneumococci....
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
MIC and time-kill methods were used to test the activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and vancomycin against nine penicillin-susceptible,...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution was used to determine the MICs of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin), two new oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766), and other oral and...
Spangler, S K, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were...
Pankuch, G A, Lichtenberger, C, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Previous time-kill studies have shown that RP 59500 is rapidly bactericidal against pneumococci. To extend these findings, the activities of RP 59500, its two components RP 57669 RP 54476, penicillin...
Ednie, L M, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against 120 pneumococci from the United States were tested by agar dilution MIC. All three compounds yielded MICs at which 90% of the...
Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The checkerboard titration method was used to test the synergy of cefpirome and cefotaxime with teicoplanin or vancomycin against 35 penicillin-susceptible, 34 penicillin-intermediate, and 31...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Broth MICs and time-kill studies were used to test the activity of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), RPR 106972, pyostacine (RP 7293), erythromycin, clarithromycin, and cefotaxime for four...
Renau, T E, Gage, J W, Dever, J A, Roland, G E, Joannides, E T, Shapiro, M A, ...
A series of quinolones with substitutions at the 8 position has been prepared as part of a study to examine the relationship between structural modifications at this position and activity against...
Klopman, G, Fercu, D, Renau, T E, Jacobs, M R
We determined the MICs of 63 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex. Sixty-one of the compounds were selected...
Fasola, E, Spangler, S K, Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C
Microdilution MIC testing was used to test the susceptibility of 202 pneumococci to LY 333328 and six other agents. LY 333328 was the most active glycopeptide (MIC at which 90% of the pneumococci...
Fasola, E L, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R
Susceptibilities of 124 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were determined by the National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution MIC methodology was used to test the activities of GV 118819X (sanfetrinem), ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, levofloxacin, clarithromycin,...
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Moore, T D, Renzi, F A, Appelbaum, P C
The agar dilution MIC method was used to test activities of ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 11 anaerobes were tested by the broth...
Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, were tested by agar dilution, and the results were compared with those for...
Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution methodology (with added Oxyrase in the case of the macrolide group to allow incubation without added CO2) was used to compare the activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide, with the...
Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and...
Visalli, M A, Bajaksouzian, S, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
In the first part of this study, agar dilution MICs were used to test the activities of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem...
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution with incubation in air and CO2 was used to determine the MICs of erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin for 79 penicillin-susceptible,...
Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004).
Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes....
Spangler, S K, Lin, G, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PAE-SME) of sanfetrinem were compared to those of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and clarithromycin...
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Activities of BAY 12-8039 against 205 pneumococci were tested by agar dilution. MICs (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 50 and 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively)...
Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R
beta-Lactamase production (nitrocefin disk method) and agar dilution susceptibility of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, and...
Appelbaum, P C, Philippon, A, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Gutmann, L
Twelve beta-lactamase-positive non-Bacteroides fragilis group Bacteroides spp. belonging to seven different species were examined by MIC determination and enzyme characterization. MICs of most...
Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Yamabe, S
The in vitro activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with six beta-lactams against 88 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes were determined. When...
Aronoff, S C, Jacobs, M R, Johenning, S, Yamabe, S
YTR 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with clavulanic acid and sulbactam against aminopenicillin-resistant clinical isolates. At a concentration of 8 micrograms/ml, YTR 830 was as...
Jacobs, M R, Aronoff, S C, Johenning, S, Shlaes, D M, Yamabe, S
The in vitro synergistic activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam, combined with ampicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, and apalcillin,...
Postantibiotic Effects of Daptomycin against 14 Staphylococcal and Pneumococcal Clinical Isolates
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and...
Anton, P A, Kemp, J A, Butler, T, Jacobs, M R
The activities of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin against Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 were compared in culture media at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. The minimal...
Infection caused by vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus sanguis II.
Shlaes, D M, Marino, J, Jacobs, M R
A patient with bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus sanguis II is presented. This rare occurrence suggests that vancomycin may not be a completely reliable antibiotic in the...
Jacobs, M R, Kelly, F, Speck, W T
The susceptibility of 100 group B streptococci to 16 beta-lactam antibiotics was tested by agar dilution. Penicillin G and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were the most active agents tested, both having a...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibilities of 428 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes (including selected cefoxitin-resistant strains) to Bay y3118 (a new fluoroquinolone), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole,...
Anti-Mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: in vitro activities.
Klopman, G, Wang, S, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Edmonds, K, Ellner, J J
The MICs of 88 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellular complex were determined. Agents tested included ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin (PD...
Anti-Mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: structure-activity relationship studies.
Klopman, G, Wang, S, Jacobs, M R, Ellner, J J
The structures and inhibitory activities of 88 quinolones, previously studied as potential in vitro inhibitors of 14 selected strains of Mycobacterium avium complex, were examined in an effort to...
Skinner, P S, Furney, S K, Jacobs, M R, Klopman, G, Ellner, J J, Orme, I M
Even though the macrophage is the host cell for the intracellular bacterial parasite Mycobacterium avium, macrophages have undergone only limited evaluation as models for determining the capacities...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution method was used to compare the in vitro activity of WY-49605 (also called SUN/SY 5555 and ALP-201), a new broad-spectrum oral...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
In vitro susceptibility of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605, a new oral penem, was compared with susceptibility to penicillin G, amoxicillin with and without...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
MICs of eight beta-lactams (piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone) were determined by agar...
Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Shiman, R, Jacobs, M R
Agar dilution MIC testing of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-BRL 42715, amoxicillin-clavulanate, temafloxacin, and clindamycin against 496 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic gram-negative rods revealed MICs...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The MICs of four new quinolones, sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978), PD 131628 (the active form of the prodrug CI-990), temafloxacin, and Win 57273, compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibility of 201 anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin was tested by agar dilution and E test methods by using a commercially available plate and dish...
Ligase chain reaction for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital swabs.
Ching, S, Lee, H, Hook, E W, Jacobs, M R, Zenilman, J
The ligase chain reaction (LCR) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification technique that exponentially amplifies targeted DNA sequences. In a multicenter study, we evaluated the use of a 4-h...
Ability of RapID Yeast Plus System to identify 304 clinically significant yeasts within 5 hours.
Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, McGinnis, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The RapID Yeast Plus System (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) is a qualitative micromethod that uses conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of medically important...
Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The ability of the RapID onE system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Norcross, Ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative,...
Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The ability of the RapID NF Plus system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to identify 345 nonfermentative gram-negative rods was evaluated. Kits were inoculated with no. 1 McFarland...
Accuracy and reproducibility of the IDS rapID STR system for species identification of streptococci.
Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Palko, W M, Frauenhoffer, E E, Duffett, A
The RapID STR system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was evaluated in the identification of 266 streptococci. Organisms included 60 beta-hemolytic streptococci, 71 group D strains...
Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Heald, J I, Palko, W M, Duffett, A, Crist, R, ...
Two commercial methods, the API 20S system (API; Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and the Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), were evaluated without...
Evaluation of the rapid strep system for species identification of streptococci.
Appelbaum, P C, Chaurushiya, P S, Jacobs, M R, Duffett, A
The Rapid Strep system (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was evaluated, without additional tests, in the identification of 209 streptococci. Organisms included 59 beta-hemolytic, 36 group...
Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R
The susceptibilities of 374 selected beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative anaerobes (including 22 cefoxitin-resistant strains and 36 strains refractory to the enhancing effect of beta-lactamase...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The Oxyrase agar dilution method (Oxyrase, Inc., Mansfield, Ohio), which provides an anaerobic environment without added CO2, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibilities of 123 clinically isolated strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia to six fluoroquinolones (clinafloxacin, PD 131628, PD 138312, PD 140248, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) were examined...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
MICs of six extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime), three carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, biapenem), and vancomycin for 49...
Klopman, G, Li, J Y, Wang, S, Pearson, A J, Chang, K, Jacobs, M R, ...
The relationship between the structures of quinolones and their anti-Mycobacterium avium activities has been previously derived by using the Multiple Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation program....
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Time-kill studies were used to examine the in vitro activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and vancomycin against 10 pneumococci expressing various degrees...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Rittenhouse, S F, Appelbaum, P C
This study evaluated the susceptibility of 123 Xanthomonas maltophilia strains to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution was used to compare the in vitro activity of CP 99,219 with those of ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 489...
Resistance Mechanisms of Multiply Resistant Pneumococci: Antibiotic Degradation Studies
Robins-Brown, R. M., Gaspar, M. N., Ward, J. I., Wachsmuth, I. K., Koornhof, H. J., Jacobs, M. R., ...
Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin have been reported from several countries around the world. Many South African isolates, in addition, exhibit resistance to tetracycline,...
Jacobs, M. R., Mithal, Y., Robins-Browne, R. M., Gaspar, M. N., Koornhof, H. J.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci is now essential to monitor for the presence of resistance to agents such as the penicillins, macrolides, lincomycins, chloramphenicol, and...
Kosowska, K., Jacobs, M. R., Bajaksouzian, S., Koeth, L., Appelbaum, P. C.
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 15 selected penicillin- and amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (MICs of 2 to 8 and 8 to 16 μg/ml, respectively) were studied. In addition...
Postantibiotic Effects of Gatifloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Gatifloxacin pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.5 to 4.0 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.2 to 4.8 h....
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Cronan, M., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C., Sutcliffe, J.
The mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. These mutants were...
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...
Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (SB)-resistant...
Prevalence and Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes in Santiago, Chile
Palavecino, E. L., Riedel, I., Berrios, X., Bajaksouzian, S., Johnson, D., Kaplan, E., ...
Thirty-two macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were found among 594 clinical isolates collected from 1990 to 1998 in Santiago, Chile, for an overall prevalence of 7.2%. Among the 32...
Pankuch, G. A., Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Susceptibility of 230 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, was tested by agar dilution, and results were compared with those of...
Postantibiotic Effect of Trovafloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Trovafloxacin pneumococcal and staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.7 to 1.8 and 0.7 to 2.4 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.4 to 4.4 h....
Postantibiotic Effects of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 12 Gram-Positive or -Negative Organisms
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Conventional in vitro methods were used to determine the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), sub-MIC effects (SMEs), and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) of garenoxacin for a range of organisms....
Activities of oral and parenteral agents against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.
Pankuch, G A, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
This study examined bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of oral and parenteral antibiotics for penicillin-susceptible and intermediately and fully penicillin-resistant pneumococci....
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
MIC and time-kill methods were used to test the activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and vancomycin against nine penicillin-susceptible,...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution was used to determine the MICs of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin), two new oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766), and other oral and...
Spangler, S K, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were...
Pankuch, G A, Lichtenberger, C, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Previous time-kill studies have shown that RP 59500 is rapidly bactericidal against pneumococci. To extend these findings, the activities of RP 59500, its two components RP 57669 RP 54476, penicillin...
Ednie, L M, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against 120 pneumococci from the United States were tested by agar dilution MIC. All three compounds yielded MICs at which 90% of the...
Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The checkerboard titration method was used to test the synergy of cefpirome and cefotaxime with teicoplanin or vancomycin against 35 penicillin-susceptible, 34 penicillin-intermediate, and 31...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Broth MICs and time-kill studies were used to test the activity of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), RPR 106972, pyostacine (RP 7293), erythromycin, clarithromycin, and cefotaxime for four...
Renau, T E, Gage, J W, Dever, J A, Roland, G E, Joannides, E T, Shapiro, M A, ...
A series of quinolones with substitutions at the 8 position has been prepared as part of a study to examine the relationship between structural modifications at this position and activity against...
Klopman, G, Fercu, D, Renau, T E, Jacobs, M R
We determined the MICs of 63 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex. Sixty-one of the compounds were selected...
Fasola, E, Spangler, S K, Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C
Microdilution MIC testing was used to test the susceptibility of 202 pneumococci to LY 333328 and six other agents. LY 333328 was the most active glycopeptide (MIC at which 90% of the pneumococci...
Fasola, E L, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R
Susceptibilities of 124 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were determined by the National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution MIC methodology was used to test the activities of GV 118819X (sanfetrinem), ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, levofloxacin, clarithromycin,...
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Moore, T D, Renzi, F A, Appelbaum, P C
The agar dilution MIC method was used to test activities of ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 11 anaerobes were tested by the broth...
Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, were tested by agar dilution, and the results were compared with those for...
Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution methodology (with added Oxyrase in the case of the macrolide group to allow incubation without added CO2) was used to compare the activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide, with the...
Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and...
Visalli, M A, Bajaksouzian, S, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
In the first part of this study, agar dilution MICs were used to test the activities of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem...
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution with incubation in air and CO2 was used to determine the MICs of erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin for 79 penicillin-susceptible,...
Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004).
Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes....
Spangler, S K, Lin, G, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PAE-SME) of sanfetrinem were compared to those of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and clarithromycin...
Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Activities of BAY 12-8039 against 205 pneumococci were tested by agar dilution. MICs (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 50 and 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively)...
Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R
beta-Lactamase production (nitrocefin disk method) and agar dilution susceptibility of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, and...
Appelbaum, P C, Philippon, A, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Gutmann, L
Twelve beta-lactamase-positive non-Bacteroides fragilis group Bacteroides spp. belonging to seven different species were examined by MIC determination and enzyme characterization. MICs of most...
Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Yamabe, S
The in vitro activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with six beta-lactams against 88 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes were determined. When...
Aronoff, S C, Jacobs, M R, Johenning, S, Yamabe, S
YTR 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with clavulanic acid and sulbactam against aminopenicillin-resistant clinical isolates. At a concentration of 8 micrograms/ml, YTR 830 was as...
Jacobs, M R, Aronoff, S C, Johenning, S, Shlaes, D M, Yamabe, S
The in vitro synergistic activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam, combined with ampicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, and apalcillin,...
Postantibiotic Effects of Daptomycin against 14 Staphylococcal and Pneumococcal Clinical Isolates
Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.
Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and...
Anton, P A, Kemp, J A, Butler, T, Jacobs, M R
The activities of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin against Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 were compared in culture media at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. The minimal...
Infection caused by vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus sanguis II.
Shlaes, D M, Marino, J, Jacobs, M R
A patient with bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus sanguis II is presented. This rare occurrence suggests that vancomycin may not be a completely reliable antibiotic in the...
Jacobs, M R, Kelly, F, Speck, W T
The susceptibility of 100 group B streptococci to 16 beta-lactam antibiotics was tested by agar dilution. Penicillin G and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were the most active agents tested, both having a...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibilities of 428 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes (including selected cefoxitin-resistant strains) to Bay y3118 (a new fluoroquinolone), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole,...
Anti-Mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: in vitro activities.
Klopman, G, Wang, S, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Edmonds, K, Ellner, J J
The MICs of 88 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellular complex were determined. Agents tested included ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin (PD...
Anti-Mycobacterium avium activity of quinolones: structure-activity relationship studies.
Klopman, G, Wang, S, Jacobs, M R, Ellner, J J
The structures and inhibitory activities of 88 quinolones, previously studied as potential in vitro inhibitors of 14 selected strains of Mycobacterium avium complex, were examined in an effort to...
Skinner, P S, Furney, S K, Jacobs, M R, Klopman, G, Ellner, J J, Orme, I M
Even though the macrophage is the host cell for the intracellular bacterial parasite Mycobacterium avium, macrophages have undergone only limited evaluation as models for determining the capacities...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution method was used to compare the in vitro activity of WY-49605 (also called SUN/SY 5555 and ALP-201), a new broad-spectrum oral...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
In vitro susceptibility of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605, a new oral penem, was compared with susceptibility to penicillin G, amoxicillin with and without...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
MICs of eight beta-lactams (piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone) were determined by agar...
Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Shiman, R, Jacobs, M R
Agar dilution MIC testing of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-BRL 42715, amoxicillin-clavulanate, temafloxacin, and clindamycin against 496 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic gram-negative rods revealed MICs...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The MICs of four new quinolones, sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978), PD 131628 (the active form of the prodrug CI-990), temafloxacin, and Win 57273, compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibility of 201 anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin was tested by agar dilution and E test methods by using a commercially available plate and dish...
Ligase chain reaction for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital swabs.
Ching, S, Lee, H, Hook, E W, Jacobs, M R, Zenilman, J
The ligase chain reaction (LCR) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification technique that exponentially amplifies targeted DNA sequences. In a multicenter study, we evaluated the use of a 4-h...
Ability of RapID Yeast Plus System to identify 304 clinically significant yeasts within 5 hours.
Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, McGinnis, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The RapID Yeast Plus System (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) is a qualitative micromethod that uses conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of medically important...
Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The ability of the RapID onE system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Norcross, Ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative,...
Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The ability of the RapID NF Plus system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to identify 345 nonfermentative gram-negative rods was evaluated. Kits were inoculated with no. 1 McFarland...
Accuracy and reproducibility of the IDS rapID STR system for species identification of streptococci.
Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Palko, W M, Frauenhoffer, E E, Duffett, A
The RapID STR system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was evaluated in the identification of 266 streptococci. Organisms included 60 beta-hemolytic streptococci, 71 group D strains...
Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Heald, J I, Palko, W M, Duffett, A, Crist, R, ...
Two commercial methods, the API 20S system (API; Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and the Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), were evaluated without...
Evaluation of the rapid strep system for species identification of streptococci.
Appelbaum, P C, Chaurushiya, P S, Jacobs, M R, Duffett, A
The Rapid Strep system (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was evaluated, without additional tests, in the identification of 209 streptococci. Organisms included 59 beta-hemolytic, 36 group...
Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R
The susceptibilities of 374 selected beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative anaerobes (including 22 cefoxitin-resistant strains and 36 strains refractory to the enhancing effect of beta-lactamase...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The Oxyrase agar dilution method (Oxyrase, Inc., Mansfield, Ohio), which provides an anaerobic environment without added CO2, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
The susceptibilities of 123 clinically isolated strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia to six fluoroquinolones (clinafloxacin, PD 131628, PD 138312, PD 140248, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) were examined...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
MICs of six extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime), three carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, biapenem), and vancomycin for 49...
Klopman, G, Li, J Y, Wang, S, Pearson, A J, Chang, K, Jacobs, M R, ...
The relationship between the structures of quinolones and their anti-Mycobacterium avium activities has been previously derived by using the Multiple Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation program....
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Time-kill studies were used to examine the in vitro activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and vancomycin against 10 pneumococci expressing various degrees...
Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Rittenhouse, S F, Appelbaum, P C
This study evaluated the susceptibility of 123 Xanthomonas maltophilia strains to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...
Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C
Agar dilution was used to compare the in vitro activity of CP 99,219 with those of ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 489...
Resistance Mechanisms of Multiply Resistant Pneumococci: Antibiotic Degradation Studies
Robins-Brown, R. M., Gaspar, M. N., Ward, J. I., Wachsmuth, I. K., Koornhof, H. J., Jacobs, M. R., ...
Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin have been reported from several countries around the world. Many South African isolates, in addition, exhibit resistance to tetracycline,...
Jacobs, M. R., Mithal, Y., Robins-Browne, R. M., Gaspar, M. N., Koornhof, H. J.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci is now essential to monitor for the presence of resistance to agents such as the penicillins, macrolides, lincomycins, chloramphenicol, and...
Kosowska, K., Jacobs, M. R., Bajaksouzian, S., Koeth, L., Appelbaum, P. C.
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 15 selected penicillin- and amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (MICs of 2 to 8 and 8 to 16 μg/ml, respectively) were studied. In addition...