Borlak, J., Blickwede, M., Hansen, T., Koch, W., Walles, M., Levsen, K.
Administration of therapeutic entities by inhalation opens new possibilities for drug entry into systemic circulation, but this requires passage through the alveolar epithelium. Little is known about...
Mullet, W.M., Walles, M., Levsen, K., Borlak, J., Pawliszyn, J.
A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) material was synthesized selective for verapamil and utilized for on-line metabolic screening of this common calcium antagonist in biological samples. Since...
Verapamil: Metabolism in cultures of primary human coronary arterial endothelial cells (2003)
Borlak, J., Walles, M., Levsen, K., Thum, T.
Endothelium is a metabolically active secretory tissue and an important barrier for metabolic products. Little is known about its contribution to drug oxidation. We investigated the gene and protein...
Borlak, J., Walles, M., Elend, M., Thum, T., Preiss, A., Levsen, K.
1. Verapamil is a well-known and world-wide prescribed calcium antagonist, but it suffers from extensive first-pass metabolism. Although it has been marketed for many years, a complete understanding...
Walles, M., Thum, T., Levsen, K., Borlak, J.
Verapamil is a widely prescribed calcium antagonist, but suffers from extensive first pass metabolism. Despite its frequent use in drug metabolism a complete understanding of its metabolic pathway is...
Inhalation and intravenous plasma kinetics of Verapamil in cynomolgus monkeys (2002)
Appelqvist, T., Walles, M., Windt, H., Koch, W., Borlak, J., Forster, R.
Walles, M., Borlak, J., Levsen, K.
The potential of three genetic changes introduced into mice by the transgenic or knockout technology aimed at immortalizing hepatocytes in vitro and concomitantly preserving their differentiated...
Verapamil drug metabolism studies by automated in-tube solid phase microextraction (2002)
Walles, M., Mullett, W.M., Levsen, K., Borlak, J., Wünsch, G., Pawliszyn, J.
Verapamil is a common calcium antagonist described with antianginal, antihypertensive and antiarrythmic properties. The metabolites of verapamil have also shown pharmacological properties and...
Verapamil. New insight into the molecular mechanism of drug oxidation in the human heart (2002)
Walles, M., Thum, T., Levsen, K., Borlak, J.
Verapamil is a commonly prescribed cardiovascular drug, but surprisingly its metabolism in the target tissue of pharmacotherapy is basically unknown. We therefore investigated its biotransformation...
Walles, M., Thum, T., Levsen, K., Borlak, J.
A substantial number of drugs act either directly or indirectly on the heart, but surprisingly, little is known about drug oxidation in the heart. We therefore investigated the metabolism of the...
Inhalation studies with the Göttingen minipig (2001)
Koch, W., Windt, H., Walles, M., Borlak, J., Clausing, P.
A method for inhalative exposure of minipigs to aerosols and gases has been developed. Minipigs are exposed via mask inhalation to the test substance using a computer-controlled exposure system that...